Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 32, Number 49, Indianapolis, Marion County, 5 January 1887 — Page 6

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THE INDIANA STATE SENTINEL-WEDNESDAY JANUARY 5 1867

THE FARM BUDGET.

FximerV Dairies in Winter Training Trick Ecrscs Caltmün Wheit A WorH of Cantion Influence of Soli on Stock First Caoe of Fleuro-I'ocauionta -UoasehoUl Hints Farm Nutes. Farmers' Dairies la Winter. I Practical Farmer. It is more convenient for most small farmers to have the largest flow of milk daring tbe season when cows can pet fresh grass in the pasture. The great majority of farmers' cows drop their calves in the spriDg, and are so nearly dry the following winter as tOive only milk enosh for the family supply. "Yet it is duric the winter seaucn, when the noiJk yield is smallest, and probably becacse of thi9 fact, that butter and all dairy products brics the highest prices, h er those who can do so conveniently it is a good plan to have a part of their dairy drop calves in the fall, and continne butter-making during the winter. Many suppose it is not possible to make the best butter ia winter. With hay and stalks as the chief food of cows it is cot possible. In all small dairies it is diillcult, but the eitra care required, as always the case, is well repaid. The thing that many can do making "fair butter from fresh cows giving plenty of milk on Jnne eras3 Is necessarily poorly paid. To make aa good butter, and have it fresh in the middle of winter, is rcuch more remunerative. There will not be so ranch of it, for with the warmest quarters and jneen food there will te some shrinkage in milk. And this will not be entirely offset by its superior richness in the material for gutter-making. "Where only one or two cors are k?pt in winter, especially if nearly dry and fed on bay, cream accumulates fclowly, nd is liable to spoil before it can be churned. The bitter taste sometirces found in winter butter may be the result of rag-weed or other weeds in the bty. Cornstalks are better feed for cows than tbe best of hay. Clover in nutritive value is richer than the grasses, but even when preen it is not good for butter an 1 milk. Turn a herd of eows into the be3t red clover pasture, and they will eat the natural grasses growing in fence corners close to the ground before they will touch the clover. When forced to eat the green clover herbage, both the yield and quality of milk will oe poorer. For winter feed, the hay made from the fine second growth clover is much, better than the larger lirt cutting. Corn in any shape ia excellent feed for milch cows, especially where butter is the object. The oil, suear and starch it contains are all carbonaceous compound?, and chemically identical with butter. A ration of corn-meal twice a day, with other feed, will make tue milk much richer, and with most cows will niaie the batter of better color. Winter butter, at its best, is apt to be too white. It is not a fraud on consumers to use coloring matter on well-made, sweet winter batter. The improvement in appearance makes the butter really more palatable. Good farmers use artificial coloring in winter butter when they only make what they use on their own ublea. If properly made, winter butter is as gcod as the best grass butter. There is no fraud m making it appear 3 good, providing it iä not svld for what it is ot. JThe orange carrot is sometimes usvl for coloring butter by farrutrs. but it i3 inferior to the artificial butter colors, which are cheap enough and less ditlicult to mauste. The ju;ce of the carrot impairs the keeping quality of the butter, which othfr colpitis matter does not. If the carrot is grated up and mixed with cream before thamin . to give the butter higher color, the consumer should know the fact. iSach batter will be apt to turn rancid sooner than that on which no coloring matter was used. The true way to ue carrots for coloring winter butter ia to feed them to cows. Carrots are poe. meir general cultivation ana use win "Ve winter butter much better in quality. The MvanLatre of ensilage for cows is more in produce miik tban butter. This method of preserving en herbage in a succulent state undoubtedly -kes a larsie quantity of milk, but unless it is tpplemented with corn-meal or grai the milk not proportionally rich. It isyet a mooted qostiou with practical farmers whether for making winter butter a field of corn, ripened with the grain and stalks well secured dry. is not equal to the fame corn cut before maturity and preserved in the silo. For the latter metbji. however, the corn is sown more thickly and yields a much greater weight ofeed per acre, and tfcis is, perhap?, the gretc3t advantage of the ensilage system of fed;n;. Cows that are beiijg dril oil", ar;d that are to be turned over iv tbe butcher in the spring, will often pay a considerable portion of their keep In their yield of nv.lk. Fatlenirg cow3, especially when fed on cora-za-a!, give eitra r:ca mi k, and it will ph7 to turn it into bntter while enough is given to ra-ike av churning of cream per week. B'lt the rnilkiDj should be stopped at least two or three months before the fattening proces i& completed. Training Trick" IIor&e. Teple who go to circuses and see horses, elephants, roonkeysand the like perform wonderful tricks must often ask themselves Lowthe animals are taught to do them. A wrixer in the Matin, having interviewed several circus celebrities, undertakes to satisfy their curiosity. M. Loyal, who has been riag-master of the leading I'aris circus for thirty-two years, supplies interesting iSfamation concerning horses. "The horse," he; says, "contrary to general belief, is the raost stupid animal on earth, lie has only cne faculty memory. Yon must teach him hit exercises with the cavesaon and the Ion 4 whip. Having forced them into his bend, you muBt use the short whip when he resists and give him a carrot when he obeya. "Whips and carrots form the secret of the trainer. The horse mnst be from five to seven years old; before that age he it too spirited; after it bis muscles are not elastic enough. The first thing to do is to asCustom your horse to the ring; to make him run round regularly, and then to stop at a given signal. To accomplish this the animal is brought into the riDg. The trainer hot Is in his left band a tether, which is passed into the cavebson, a kind of iron crescent armed with sharp joints fixed on the nose of the herae; in his right hand he holds the long whip. Jiehind the animal an aHi3taat, with a stout, short wh' j.- is' posted. The trainer calls on the horse to start, and, p.illiog uh tether and smacking Lis long whip, forces him to gallop ronnd. If he refuses th5 assistant uses his whip, also; if he is obedient he is rewarded with a carrot. To make h'.na stop short the trainer cracks bis long whip again, while tbe assistant with his stnrt whip throws binself suddenly in front of the animal, and the result is obtained." XI. Loval t3lis us that "'the Lorac ha? a grett objection to kneelir.g or lyirg down at any moment. This feat is taught by means of iron bracelets placed on hi3 ankles and attached to a tether held by the trainer, who, by sudden jerks or pulls as he is moving, makes him fall or kneel. The animal remembers the lesons, and, by dint of whip and carrot, ultimately performs them at the rcer command of the trainer. The horse i3 tanght to dance to music In the same way with the footIraceleta." As regards the learnM horse, who opens boxes and takes articles out of them, here is bow the animal Is trained to doit: "1 first pet a carrot," wys M. lioyal. "I place it in a box. I then lead the horse to the box. He smells the carrot, lifts up the lid of the box with his nose and take out tne vegetable, which he is allowed to eit. The next day, before letting tbe horse free. I show hira a handkerchief full of bran. IIa takes it and tries to eat it. I then let him loose. lie mos to the box, but bitter deception It ia empty. The day after I resume the exercise, but this timo the horse finds the handkerchief with the bran In the ci, ileuxef i; cat, and I lerwaxafcin

with a carrot. I decrease the amount of bran in the handkerchief every day, until in the end I put merely the handkerchief in the box. The 1 orse brings it to me, and gets his carrot. I then reduce the size of the carrot every day, until at last I give him nothing. The horse continues to perform with the handkerchief, in the hope of gettins the carrot."

Comparisons of Animals. A London raper, in comparing Eorce features of the fenütheld fat-stock show with that recently held in this city, says: The highest record in any of the yearling classes at the Cmithfield show was, as already stated, a daiiy gain of 2.52 pounds, made by Mr. Wal ker'3 short horn. At Chicago a graded short-horn belonging to Mr. F. A. Townley stood r3t, with a daily gain of 2.y; poandi; but this cnimal was only two days over one year, weighing l,0Sö pounds at 2;7 days, o that it waj only just out of the calf class. There was no steer at Chicago equal in &ze to Mr. Walker's short-horn which gave as large a dtily gain. In two-year-old steers the best SmithcelJ record is that of Mr. Hall's Hereford, with its daily gain of 2.30 pcund3. The highest at Chicago was that of Mr. Waters' grade Bhort-horn, Joe McCarthy 013 days, .2,015 pounds.; daily gain, .2.17. In the three-year-old classes thred of the Smith field animals beat the highest record at Chicago, that of Dick, a short-horn belonging to Mr. Waddeil, of Marion, Ohio, the heaviest but two of all the cattle at the "American Smitafield." At the age of 1,2& days he weighed 2,300 pounds, thus showir.g a daily average of 1.77. Two in the lit given above, as well as the Smithfield champion, beat this record. The heaviest beast at Islington was Her Majesty's cioss bred steer, which gained the first prize in the three-year-old class. His weight was 2 4i9 pounds at 1,383 days, and his daily gain was 1.-8 pounds. The heaviest animal at Chicago was Fowler & Yen Natta's grade Hereford McGregor, which weighed 2,503 pounds, and was thus the heaviest beast at either of the two shows. Champion prize for the best carcass at Chicago fell to Flash, a grade Hereford, exhibited by the Swan Foi-ler Company, which weighed 1,515 pounds at the age of 78(1 days, showed a daily gam of 1.1;, and gave W per centageof carcass to live weight. As high as 72 per cent is recorded for a still younger animal, a grade Angus, but other points were not equal to those of the champion. Herefords and their crosses have triumphed this year on both sides of the Atlantic It is a notable fact that not a eingle animal which won a prize at Chicago wnen alive took honors in the carcass competition. A Word of Caution. Rural World. Doubtless the reader has heard of the socalled outbreaks of contagious diseases, now from here, then from there, and yet ajain from another place, and that in but one place (the Chicago swill-pen dairies) recently has the disease been found to be contagious pleuropneumonia. In all the large Slates of the Union the cattle interest involves vast sains of money, much of which m'ght be lost in a moment by the indiscreet publication of a supposed case of this dreaded malady. While we by no means advocate secrecy when the disease is discovered, it should be distinctly understood and be ever borne in mind that all diseases are not lung diseases, neither are all lung diseases coatagious, though apparency very fata!. It is against the publication of false stories that we gnard the publ', against the general dissemination of ay stories calculated to jeopardize the property interests of others, nay of whole States, that we caution every reader, and indeed every citizen. A recently fuppesed discoveiy of pleuro-pneumonia in a Jot of Jersey cattle shipped from Indiana to Texas is a case in point, for there the animals began to droop and die very strangely and suddenly soon after their arrival, and euch are tee interests in peril, such the dread of the introduction of contagious disease, that men's fears took voice and words took wing to spread the news over the entire continent that the pleuro-pneumonia was in Texas; only to discover after examination by proper and competent oilicialj that the disease was little else than the acclimating fever common to cattle carelessly exposed in an inclement climate after a life of comparative care and nursing. And cases similar to this have been found in several States and the news sent all over the land, only to be denied after a few days. Hot muat one think that because the dfcui&I comes after the rumor no injury is done; all such things impair contidence, lessen values, disturb the interests of trade, cause no tnd of low to the interests involved and do good to nobody. If one discovers that any of hi3 cattle are sick, the first thing to do is to separate thetn as far as possible from these who show no signs of disease, then to give them comfortable quarters and careful nursing, a change of diet composed largely of warm mashes and the chill takn od nil the water given tbem. Shoildthe evidence s continue, or the suffering increase urd tiie disease' can be traced to no known cau;e, ar.d especially if the patients have reen in contact with strange cnttle, the fac's set forth as clearly as possible should be immediately telegraphed or written to the Governor, lie is charged with the duty of taking action, and will undoubtedly do so at once; but should no response come from him in a reasonable time a message of the same character should be sent to State Inspector Dr. I'aul Faquin at Columbia, ilo., who is also State Veterinarian. One or both of these will be very apt to take knowledge of the case and advise with you at once. There is, however, no necessity for alarming the neighborhood or of making the matter public until it is definitely known that the disease is a contagious one. We know that this delay may involve soxe risks, but the delay need not be for long nor the risk great, if isolation as (suggested is resorted to at once. In the meantime, it is stated, on the best possible authority that of the Bureau of Animal Industry, whoie Chief is kept advised, at the earliest, posüble moment, by agents distributed all over the country that there is no trace of contagious pleuro-pneumonia anywhere west of the Allegheny Mountains, and nothing to hinder the traffic in cattle of all kinds any more than from farm to farm in Missouri. Influence of Soil 011 Stock. Correspondent London Journal.) The article tbe other week on "fleologi.l Aspects cf Stock-liaising" opens up a sabject of deep interest that only rarely receives the attention which it merih. With several of the writer s conclusions I aree, but I think he has scarcely appreciated the din?rence as regards susceptibility to the iniluer ces of soil t?ir layed by sheep and cattle respectively. He states that if a few sheep of the same breed wsre to be turned on every kind of soil tound in Great lVitian, we know from experience that inafewyeare they would become so much altered in appearance ar.d in outward form as to be unrecogn:zable cs belonging to the same family, etc. Nc , although the adaptability of the Shropshire, for example, to the varied soils of Scotland and Ireland seems somewhat to modify this theory, yet I agree with Fr fessor Darwin, that "sheep are, perhaps, mere readily affected by the direct action of the conditions of life to which they have been exposed than almost auy other domestic animal." But your correspondent goes farther, and says the same effects are apparent in cattle and horses, it being suggested that the animals are in reality what the soil has made them, man's power going no further than to somewhat after the color. This, I think, is an exaggerated fiew. Take the short-horns, for instance. Doubtless they originated in Durham or Yorkshire. Thev are to Je found all over the United Kingdom, and It would be difficult to point oat any material diflerence, except such as maybe produced by management, between those that have remained in their native region and those that have roamed over Scotland and Ireland. Aberdeen-Angus cattle, again, are to be found in Northumberland, Yorkshire, Bedford and Surrey, and they have not under I gone a thtugi si any naaiXea character.

Other examples might be given of the successful adaptation of breeds both of cattle and horses to new soils. The writer of tue article to which I refer seems to rue to greatly underrate the power of man in subjecting breeds of live stock to his uses. Bat he has ably treated a subject of great interest and importance, on which the opinions of your readers would be most valuable. First Case ot l'ieuro-Fneumonla. The first case of pleuro-pneumonia was imported into America in 1843. That primal cause of all this kine misery was an English cow landed at' New York harbor and stabled hard by South ferry. From there the disease spread eastward to the stables of Brooklyn, Jamaica, lloslyn, Cutchogue and other places along Long Island Sound; also to the stables in New Jersey, and northward into Winchester County. For more than forty years there have been Infected "herds" in the near vicinity of New York City. A few years ago the disease penetrated Massachusetts, and it tcok that State about six years to stamp it out, at the expense of 1,XW cattle. The herds of cattle supposed to be Infected v ith pleuro-pneumonia confined in the Chicago distillery stables are still under quaiantine, and are being slowly killed off ns some way of disposing of the carcasses develops itself. The health authorities have forbidden that the milk shall be sold, and tbe owners are perplexed to know what to do with the stock they can neither move nor nse. It is thought there it little danger of the disease spreading to ether herds in the face of the precautions used.

Cultivating Wheat. A correspondent of the Indiana Farmer gives the result of experiments in a plat of wheat two fifths of an acre sowed as usual, but tbe space between the rows sixteen inches apart, which will be interesting as to the essential points, which are as follows: Tbe soil was high sand pra'rie, facing to the ( northwest. I he winter winds nearly blew it all out of the ground, and when spring opened it was in a sorry plight. When the blades were about four inches long it was cultivated with a ho; then again when it was about knee h:gh. It was harvested with a cradle, and made twenty-five shocks of a dozen bundles each. Before it was threshed the English sparrow look the cap sheaves entire. The wheat was weighed, and, after adding for cap sheaves, there was ten bushels. This is at the rate of twenty-five bushels per acre. Not a very large yield, says the cultivator, but almost unprecedented for the quality of the soil. There were no fertilizers used. A heavy crop of potatoes was taken from the plat just before the wheat was sown. The product was thought to have been doubled by the cultivation, the saving in the seel much mere than paying for the cultivation. A horse can walk in a space of sixteen inches, and a bull-tongue will give much better cultivation than the hoe, which was the writer's shift for the small area experimented on. Breaking ISalk Horses A correspondent of the Allentown (Fa.) News, D. N. Kern, of Shimersville, writes: Seme time ago, while driving through Lehigh County, I met a man who had a very balky horse. I have been so lucky that I have never had a balky horse, but if I had one I would know half a dozen ways how to start him, 1. Tat the horse on the neck, examine him carefully, first one side, then the other; if yen can get a handful of grass give it to him, and speak encouragingly to him. Then jump into the wagon and give the word go and he will generally obey. 2. Taking the hoise out of the shaft3 and turning him around in a circle until he is giddy will generally start him. 3. Another way to cure a balky bort is, place your hand over his nose and shut oil his wind until he wants to co. 4. Then, again, take a couple of turns of stout twine around the fore legs just below the knee, tight enough for the horse to feel it; tie in a bow knot; at the first click he will probably go dancing off. After going a short distance you can get out and remove the string, to prevent injury to the tendons. f. Again, you ran try the following: Take the tail of the horse between the hind leg?, and tie it by a cord to the saddle-girth. !. The last remedy I know is as follows: Tie a string around the horse's ear, close to the head ; this will divert his attention and start him. HOUSEHOLD DINTS. Boiled Tongue. While a boiled tongue is still warm roll it with tbe tip inside and place in a rcucd tin or vessel just large encu?h to hold it in plice; let it remr.in over night, wbni it will remain rolled after being removed from the pin. Serve it whole on a bed of Bulad, water cresses or parsley. To Devil Turkey. Mix a little ealt, black pepper and rnyenne, and sprinkl over t ie gizzard, rump nhd drumstick of n dress -d turkey; bioil them end Eerve very hot, with thiä Solide: Mix with some of the pravy o it if the dis-h a little mtde rj.usfard, some buttr and t!onr, a spoonful of lemon juice and the Eanie of scy; boil up the whole. A Mixture to Erase Grease Spots. E jual parts of strong ammonia water, ether and tlcol.ol form a valuable cleaning compound. Pas3 a piece cf blotting-paper under the grease spot, moisten a sponge, first with water, to render it "greedy," then with the mixture, and rub with it the spot. In a moment it will be dissolved, saponified ani absorbed by the sponge and blotter. Sugar Candy. Two pounds brown rajar, quarter of a pound of butter, half teacupf ul water. Boil for half an hour, then try a little in a sancer, and if it hardens pour the candy very thinly on warm buttered plttes, and put It in a cold place on snow or ice if fossible to harden. Walnut or ahellbark eroels, as many as the candy will hold, greatly improve it. . Grated cocoanut mav be used instead. For sandwiches Take equal quantities of the breast of cold chicken and cold boiled tODgue; chop them fine so fine, in fact, that you can not distinguish the separate particles; add a good large half tca?poonful of celery salt, a pinch of cayenne pepper, and four tablespooofuls of mayonese dressing. This amount will be enough to season the breast cf one large chicken and an equal quantity of tongue. When this is cold spread some thin slices of bread with butter ani then with this mixture. Rich CofTee-Cake. Two cups butter, three of sugar, one of molasses, one of very strong colTee. one of cream or rich milk, the yelks of eight egg?, one pourd e?ch of raisins and currants, one-half pound citron, the same of figs, and five cups of brown flour after it is stirred. I'ut tbe Hour in the oven until a rich brown, beirg careful not to burn it. When cold sift with it three tablespoon fuls of good baking powder and a little suit. Cut tbe i"gs in long strip?, tlredge all the fruit with llour, brat the cake well up, and "bake in moderate oven frcm f:Ur to five hours. L1V STOCK KOTBSt The famous Sout'idowns were not ence the desirable mutton thssp they now are, but were built up from an inferior or ordinary stock. Make frienda with your horses. They will enjoy your sociability as well as you will. Sensible horses like to be talked to by sensible men. Tregnant ewes should be carefully watched and attended to during the winter months, if a Rood, profitable crop of lambs is expected. Otherwise a large percentage of the lambs is lost, the ewts grow weakly, and profits are gone. Tbe Farm Journal humorously observes that if the craze for hornless cattle becomes universal the average cow doctor, who knows but two diseases, "hollow born" and "wolf in the tail," will find half his occupation gone. He will have to confine his practice exclusively to the UiL Tbe manure and liquid drippings from stock that have been mixed and absorbed I With sawdMt may be applied with ad;ajitAge.

upon clay sci's, which it lightens ani relieves of that sticky, tenacious quality which prevents such soils from absorbing manure as generally applied. A mixture of several kinds of grain for feeding stock is always better than one kind alone. Variety in gTain is as important as variety in bulky food. A stock-breeder says: For scurvy or itch incalve8, mix spirits turpentine, sulphur and linseed-oil, and apply twice a week. It serves for any other animal, and for the 6caly-leg in the Asiatic strains of poultry. When the supply of hay is greatly shortened by drought extending over a wide area, cattle are sure to be cheap In autumn, because the winter keeping mußt be costly. If they are to be sold the best way i3 to work them oil early, unless additional feeding can be cheaply bought. In selecting a sow for breeding, choose one that is quiet and mild in disposition. She may be the one that will lay' on fat most easily, and it will, therefore, be necessary Vi feed sparingly, but she will be all the better as a breeder for this. Corn-cobs charred until they become brittle, and then extinguished with salt water, are good to throw to the pigs from time to time. They will eat tbem readily, aud the dose corrects acidity of the stomach, imparts appetite, and promotes health. FAIIM SOT KS.

Damp sheep-yards and boggy pastures are fruitful causes of liver rot, iluke and foot rot. The colder the climate in which sheep prosper, the finer texture and better quality the wool. Never set trees in sod, or among wheat or other sowed grain. Clover is the worst of all. The whole surface of the ground should be clean aud well stirred. A tract of land on the shore of Cajua Lake, near Canoga, N. Y., has been leased to Rochester parties for the raising of frogs far the New York market. Lime is a purifier, and should be used often as a wash to coops, perches and nestboxes. Sprinkle tbe places most frequented by fowls with air-slaked lime. Crows distribute many tree seeds, such as acorns and nuts, by plucking them and carrying them away, dropping them again at some distance from the place of starting. Carelessness must give way to business management on the farm. The farmer should study the markets and be as ready to take advantage of opportunities as the merchant. l'oultry-keepiDg can be made an auxiliary to other pursuits without infringing upon the time of the keeper, and will bring in a handsome return for the food and care given the fowls. There is no reason why the wire fences of poultry-yards and around the fields should not be used for grape-vines. aite a large amount of such fruit could thus be economically grown, and the fences would no: bs injured in so doing. Of the varieties of ducks the Fekins stand confinement the best, bft they are not ns tame as the common kinds. They grow very large, often reaching eight or nine puunds each, and yield feathers of a white color and equal to those of the goose. Ducks should be allowed as much liberty as possible, as they are not partial to confinement Hke chickens. When they ara kept in tbe poultry-yard with hens they become quarrelsome, and do more damage ttan they are worth, and for that reason should be kept separate. The productiveness of the vineyard can be greatly increaheJ by the use of chemical fertilizers which supply all tbe nee Jed requirements. Stable manure often causes excessive growth of wood without corresponding production of fruit, while mildew and rust are not so prevalent where artificial fertilizers are used as with Btable manure. Fermanent pastures are looked upon by Frifssor Arnold as a stumbling-block in the. vi ay of progressive dairying and a thing to be avoided except under peculiar circumstances. He tells the Farmers' Advocate that permanent pastures and meadows are great institutions in the eyes of lazy and dull men, and perhaps are as well suited to their capacity as anything. A contemporary says: "To cure dogs of killing chickens, take achicken that has been killed, and after beating tbe dog with it paäs the legs each side of the dog's necfc and tie the feet together. After carrying theschicken around for a day or two the dog will be ro thoroughly di.usUd that he will not trouble chickens again." Let your sitting hen come off the nejt daily. Allow her to roll in a dnst-bo.v neu by. Give her fool and drink regularly. In cold weather ste that 6he goes back before the epgs chill. Cover her sitting-box wild ccaise bapgirg, if she seems inclined to give up her work. Mix a little powden-d charo il with the 30ft feed, and it will assist digestion and prevent disease. Tbe time to pick duck feathers, l'ke fruit, is when they are ripe. This may be learned by catchirg two or three and pulling a few feathers here and there. If they pull hard, and the quills are filled with bloody fluid, they are not ripe; but if they pull easy, and the quills are clear, you may know it is the "best time to pick." Ducks may be picked four times a year. Never pick the long tufts of coarse feathers on the sides that support the wings. The benefit which fowls derive from eating charcoal is acknowledged. The method of putting it before them, however, is not well understood. Bounded charcoal is not in the shape in which fowls usually lind their food, and consequently is not very enticing to them. Corn burnt on the cob, and the refuse, which consists almost entirely of the glares reduced to charcoal and still retaining tbeir!perfecthape, if placed before them, is greedily eaten by them. Owing to the high price of phosphate, most farmers who use it mix it with something cheaper to make a small quantity go further and distribute evenly in the drill. Wood ashes, eajs the Scientific American, are among the best substances for the purpose. They neutralize tbe excess of acid which makes phosphate moist and sticky. They scour aud make bright the bottom of the fertilizer box, provided they are used dry. But whenever ashes are used the drill must be cleansed thoroughly every night, as they draw moisture and cause iron to rutt. The Might of I'helps. Df.cati' r, DfC. 31. The flight of L. D. Fhelps and his revelation of the gambling jaiuts hss created consternation among our sporting men. According to Fhelps there are three of them in the citv. The amount of the embezzlement is yet UKknown. It is variously estimated from 5150 to $1,000. Phelps said he ha 1 made a private record of all of his crookedness, but cs yet it has not been found. Thosa in & position to know claim that the woman in the caee is of tbe blackmail order; that another party lied before Fhelpj left, arid still others are in the sweatbox. The companiea for which Fhelps was apent are the rhu nix, of Brooklyn; the Continental, cf New York; the Springfield, of Springfield, Mass., and the Crawfordaville Live Stock Company, of Craw fords ville, Ind. üryeipelas and Obstinate Ulcers, Boils, Carbuncles and Running Sores of every kind are cleansed, the poison-germs destroyed and a speedy cure effected by using Darby's Prophylactic Fluid. 'I have ken alliicted with the Erysipelas. Nothing would heal the sore or stop the rtmning. I used Darby's Prophylactic Fluid and found a speedy cure. Have also tried it In several other casca and it proved effectual." a P. Greer. Physicians prescribe Dr. J. II. McLean's Tar Wine L.ung Halm- in it they find no trace of opium or morphia, while ita.efiicacy In curing all throat er long diseases is won-derloJ,

HIS START IN LIFE.

A Box cf Diamonds Which Ciusel a Crew ta Katiay. A IJttle Smuggling Enterprise Through "Which the Cook Became a Sueceesfol Merchant. I New York Tlmes j "I got my Btart in business by helping a smuggler to save the goods he was trying to tmuggle, and I don't think I did any wrong by it," said a ship-chandler of this city to a group of sea captains who had assembled in the snug little othce of his well-stocked store one afternoon recently. The surprise which thi3 announcement had provoked gave place to expressions of curiosity on the part of the assembled captains, and the chandler proceeded to explain his innocent connection with the smuggling industry. "When I was about nineteen years old," said the chandler, "I went to sea. I shipped as cook on an American bark, which finally landed me in Liverpool, where I was paid off. After I got rid of my wages I looked about for another ship. I found a berth as cook on an American bark of WK) tons, which wss bound for Savannah. The captain was a quiet sort of man, with small black eyes, each of nhich looked as il it was trying to keep what it was doing from the other. The day before the bark sailed a long, narrow box came on board, and the captain had it stowed away carefully in his state-room. The box looked as though it might contain a collin. I made up my mind that there was a body Inside, but as I wasn't superstitions myself I didn't pay much attention to the matter at tbe time. Tbe crew looked like tough men. They were hard cases as a rule, but thev seemed willing enough to do their work ail except two. These were a big, brawny Irishman we called 'Dublin Mike' and a wiry, Spanish-looking chap named-Tony. Mike and Tony were always telling the other chaps that they were working too hard, and were advis'ing them to stand up for their rights. We had a good run for about three weeks, and bad made the better part of the voyage when a heavy northerly gale set in. There was a good deal of iron in the cargo, and that made the bark labor badly. She strained so much that she sprang a bad leak. The pumps had to be kept going nearly all the time. The gale lasted several days, and we drifted considerably to the southward. The men got tired of working so much at the pumps, and then it leaked out about the strange-looking box in the captain's state room. "No wonder we have bad luck,' said Dublin Mike, 'with that stiff on board,' and the chap began to work on the superstitious feeling of the men by telling them that no ship with a dead body on board wis ever tnown to get through a yoyage without r-ouble. "That night, at four bells in the dog watch, all bands laid aft and asked to see the captain. The skipper came out of tbe cabin looking sort of scared, and asked the men what they wanted. Mike, who was spokesman, said that they couldn't stand it any longer with a dead body on board. The body had got to go overboard or else the ship would go down. The skipper said that tbe idea that a dead body could bring any harm to a ship was all nonsense, and he told the men to gö forward. Then Tony cried out to the men to follow him, and made a dash toward tbe cabin door. "'Stop, men!' cried the captain, 'there ain't any body in that box. "Tony and the rest stopped. " 'That box.' the captain went on to iy, 'has only got some silks in it that I waut to get through without duty. Perhaps there's some diamonds in with the silks, and perhaps there's more diamonds than there is silks. I'm going to put into Bermuda for repairs. We're within two days' sail of Bermuda now.' 'But;' said Tony, 'if we help you to sive the diamonds and silks you ought to divide with us when you get to Savannah.' " 'And so I "will," said the skipper. "Mike swore that the captain ought to open the box and show the men that there was really no body in it. Tony seized Mike by the arm and whispered something to him in an angry tone. Mike then stammered and said that he would take the captain's word for it, and all went forward quietly. "The wind was fair during the next twenty-four hours, and the next night when I turned in I understood that the chances were that we would reach Bermuda soma time in the morning. The watch on deck had been keeping the pumps going nearly all the time, and I could hear them clicking as I jell asleep. I slept in a little stateroom right aft of the forecastle. There was a little hole in the bulkhead between my room and the forecastle. I had frequently heardwhat was going on in theforecastle.but never paid much attention to it. That night I woke up feeling kind of uncomfortable. I heard voices in the furf castle. I fancied that the watches bad just been changed, and I tried to go to sleep again, but I could not. The talkiDg in the forecastle kept on. This surprised me, because the men usually went to sleep the moment they turned in. I put my ear up to the bole and listened. "What will we do with the coekTI heard a sailor say. "'They'll lock him in just before eight bells,' replied a voice, which I recognized as Mike's. "Then I heard a noise, as il my door and the shutter over my window were being fastened. I got up softly and felt my door. I found that I had been fastened in. I climbed back into my berth, and, putting my ear to the hole, listened again. '"What will become of the poor cook, lecked up there? I heard the sailor ask. " 'The same as will become of the ship,' replied Mike, with a laugh. "A chilly, awful kind of feeling Cime over me when he said this. " 'At eight bells we begin,' he continued. "I heard eight bells strike, and then 1 heard the men rush out of tbe forecastle. An instant later I heard several pistol shots fired. This was followed by loud shouts and something which sounded like the smashing in of doors. Then I beard several more pistol shots, and then everything was quiet. I lay there In my berth, not daring to cry out, le&t the mutineers should come back and kill me. Their plan seemed clear to me. They undoubtedly intended to secure the diamonds, and, leaving the ship to her fate, to make for Bermuda in the open boats. Occasionally I would hear some sailor enter the forecastle for something and then go out again. I could not hear the pumps going, and I had no dnubt that the vessel was filling fast. I lay quietly In my bunk until daylight began to show itself through the chinks in my door and window. Just then I beard several more shots fired. This made me think that the captain and the mates had succeeded in barricadirg themselves in the cabin, and were still holding out. A fe n hours passed without my hearing any more sounds. Then all of a sudden it seemed to me as if the ship was sinking. 'The mutineers,' I thought,' 'have killed the officers and have left In their boats, leaving me to go down with the ship.' I sprang to the door and shook it violently several times, but it remained fast. For a few seconds I was out of my head with terror, and I yelled like a madman. Then I threw myself on the deck. "A moment later I heard some one unfasten my door. 1 opened it and sprang out on deck. Aft I saw the captain with his large oilskin coat on, directing the men who were getting ready to launch the two boats. The ship was fast Binking, and the decks now lay almost to the water's edge. U" 'We'd fergotten all about you,' said the sailor who bad unlocked my door. "I wnt aft and took a hand in launching the boats. As I did so I heard the captain say : 'Kemember, men, that we must stick by our agreement. You are to do your best, and the mates and I are to say nothing about the mutiny. Quick, tbe ship is sinking aud we'll be swamped with herl' : :'Ja aetata, at jwe gkx the

side. We were about to get into them when Mike said to the captain : "Ain't we going to have some of them smuggled diamonds for helping you to get them ashore, captain?' " I have no diamonds,' replied the captain. 'Now that it is all over I dou't mind telling you that there really is a dead body in that box. I tried to put you fellows off by saying it contained diamonds and silks.' "'We'll make sure of that, captain,' said Mike, who started toward the cabin door with ToDy. The captain drew his revolver and pointed it at Mike, who stopped. So did Tcny. " Tbat box contains the body of my sister. It must not be touched. If you want to live get into the boat!' cried the captain. "Mike, followed by Tony, climbed down into the smaller of the two boats. Then Bix of the men, the steward and the two mates tumbled into the larger boat. The captain was about to follow, when the boat pushed off from the side. Then the captain told me and the only remaining sailor to get into the smaller boat, into which he followed us. We had just pushed away when the bark gave a plunge forward, keeled over to one side, and sank. We narrowly escaped being swamped by the sinkiDgof the vessel. We could see the land about twenty miles to leeward. I noticed that the captain didn't seem pleased at being in the smaller boat along with Mike and Tony. I thought that he was going to hail the big,boat and have the mate change places with him; but when 1 looked around I saw that the other boat wa3 making rapidly for the land and was fast getting beyond hailing distance. I pulled the stroke oar, and just behind me was Tony, who was next to Mike. The captain urged them to pull hard in order to keep as near as possible to the big boat, but the two chaps took it easy, and in an hour the other boat was out of 6ight. I could hear Tony and Mike whispering to each other in low toues, but I could not make out what they said. The captain in steering the boat moved rather stillly, as though his clothes didn't set easy on him. I got the idea that he must have something Btowed away aDout him. I had no doubt that the box had contained diamonds, and tnat he had them about him. After we had been about three hours in the boat Tony jumped np, and, pointing astern of the boat, cried, Look there!' "The captain turned around to look, and Tony prang over me. I saw the blade of a stiletto flashing in his hand. Quick as a Hash I grappled him, and we both fell in the bottom of the boat. Mike jumped toward us, but before he could do anything the captain had got the stiletto out of Tony's hand. Then he covered Tony with his pistol and made him crawl back to his place behind me. The captain kept his pistol out, and made tbe two mutineers row hard for several hems. We were getting in close to the land, when a coasting schooner came along and picked ns up. The captain said nothing atout the mutiny. Late in the afternoon tbe schooner landed ua in Bermuda, where we found the crew of the other boat. The captain reported the loss of the bark to the American Consul, but said nothing about tbe mutiny. Nearly all of the crew shipped on vereis then in port. The Consul gnve me passage on a steamer that sailed for New York a few days afterward. The captain came to see me 01V, ard banded me an order for f.r00 on his New Yor. agents. I at first told him that I couldn't take pay for helping him to smuggle diamonds, but he said that there was no law against his taking diamonds from England and landing them in an Knglish eoleny, and that probably he would dispose of his diamonds before going to America again. That overcame my ecraples. With my $."00 I started here in tbe junk line in a Bmall way. That, gentlemen, is the way I started in business." Bow a Bootblack Prospered. Santa Kosa, Cal., Democrat. J A little over seTen years ago a bootblack from San Francisco wandered to this city. He managed in some way to eke out a scanty living by following his profession. During the six months or so that he was around our streets he made many friends through his quiet, respectful manner and bright and intelligent face. He differed from typical newsboys and bootblacks of the metropolis in many ways. At last he disappeared from our city as quietly as had been his arrival. No one knew whither or why he had gone, as he made no confidants while here, and kept his business to himself. Last Saturday he returned to this city from the northern country on his way to San Francisco. But not as a bootblack. The bright, intelligentfaced boy had developed into a tall, finelyproportioned man with a sun-burned, happy countenance. The change is accounted in the followirg story, told by himself: He had started from San Francisco in the spring of 1S79, with the intention of going to the northern counties to take up land. He had left all of his carnirjg?, which he had been saving up for the purpose, with his mother and you ager brother, and ttarted out to work hta way by boat, but that failed, and he wa3 compelled to travel overland. "I was pretty near discouraged of my project after I had been in your city about a week," he said. But at the end of his six months' stay here he left with $U. He did not stop to add further to his exchequer until his arrival in Alendocino County. There again he was almost disheartened in learning that he was not old enough to take up land. But he made a vow that he would not return to his mother in the big city until he could bring more money than he had given her on his departure. Days lengthened into weeks, and still be had no regular employment, and would have starved without the aid of some of the citizens to whom he told his(stor. At last he chanced to meet with a tall, roughbearded man, who subsequently proved to be his benefactor in a most singular . manner. This man, whose name was Randolph, was intoxicated, and would have fallen over a steep grade had he not reached him just in time. Fearing to let Randolph go home alone, he accompanied him up a steep and tortuous mountain trull to his cabin, situated on the border of his claim of 100 acres, which was covered thickly with valuable timber. Although Randolph loved liquor he carried within his breast the warmest of hearts, and ob learning the lad had saved him, and also of his little benefactor's forlorn plight, he would not listen to his leaving him. Four years passed, during which Randolph and the bootblack worked together. The cabin was transformed into a cozy little dwelling. Tne possessions of Randolph, which are now Shared equally between him and his protege, were increased to 800 acres; roads and tramways had been constructed, and stalwart woodmen bad cnt a deep swath in tbe timber. At the end of another three years, which brings us up to the present time, other improvements have been made, and the little bootblack is returning to his mother and little brother after all these years a rich merchant. The firm of Rudolph A Co. is estimated to be worth $30,01.0. Returns from Victoria show that the yield of gold in that colony during the past year was 130,000 ounces under that of ISSj.

Tbe Only Way to Conquer Dyspepsia. It Is perfectly preposterous to introduce pepsin and otter artificial solvents into the ßtomach in the expectation that they will assist digestion by acting on the food itself. They will not. Nor ia It possible thus to overcome dytpepsla. The only way to conquer that disorder, and prevent the numerous diseases and disabilities which it asSUrediy prOVOkeS, IS to renew the activity Of gastric action by strengthening the stomach. Eostetter's stomach Ultter eradicates the moat inveterate forms of indigestion by restoring vitality to the alimentary organs and those which are tributary to tbem. The liver, the bowels, the kidneys and the nerves, no less ttnn the stomach, experience the Invigorative effects of that standard tonic, which possesses alterative properties that greatly enhance its beneficial influence, and pWe a permanence to its effects which they would not otherwise possess. No other medicine has won approval, at home, eeval to Aid's Barsapariila ia Lowell and vi-

R. R. R.

RADWAY'S READY RELIEF The Cheapest aud Best Medicine for Family Uain the Wond. Sore Throat, Colds, Coughs, Inflammation, Sciatica, Lumbago Ithenmatism, Neuralgia, Headache, TcwöiacheJ Jervousness, Diphtheria, Influenza, DiiUcult Breathing Cared and Prevented by Radvavs Ready Relief THE ONLY PAIN REMEDY That iastantly stops the most excruciating pains," allays Inflammation and cures Congestion whether of the Lungs, Stomach, Dowels, or othec glands or organs, by one application. IN FEÖil m TO TWENTY MCTE3 No matter how violent or excruciating the pains the iKheumatie, Bed-ridden, Infirm, Crippled, Kervouj, Neuralgic, or prostrated with diseasa, mayisufier. Radwavs Ready Relief WILL AFFORD 1NSTAKT EASE. InflammstloH of the KIdHeyu,InCamratlon of theBladder, IniUmmation of the Bowels, Congestion of the Langs, Palpitation ol the Heart, Hysterica. Cronp, Catarrh. Neuralgia, Rheumatism, Cokl Chills, Ague Chills, Chilblains, Frostbites, Nor vonsnew, Sleeplessness. Tbe appUcaUon ol the Reacy Pallet to the part er parts where the pain or difficulty eihsts wifit afford instant ease and comfort. 1 hlrty to sixty drops in half a tumbler of watee will in a few minutes cure Cramps, 6onr8tomaca, Heartburn, Sick headache. Diarrhea, Dysentery, Colic, Wind In the Bowels and all internal paiaa. IVI A. LARIÄ ATTt T T n a Tv W r-w T- trTt a w. n ww CONQUERED. Radwav's Readv Relief Not only cures the patient seized witlthis terri ble fee to settlers In newly-settled district, wher the malaria or ague exists, but if people expose! to it will, every morning on pettirjg out of bed, take twenty or tkirty drops of the Keady Relief In a glass of water, and drink it, and eat say a cracker, they will escape attacks. This must be; dene before coin gout. A person goiag out in a rralsrions atmosphere,' with bis stomach empty and his system weakened, and inhaling this malarious poison, the absorb entsatonce take it up and circulate it througti the system. The Rearlv Relief, being a NEUTRALIZE R, DISINFECTANT and Diffusire etimulaat-' at once settles the stomach and protects it againit the ill eCects of the malaria. It quickens the circulation of tie blood that has been checked aadl clotrged in the veseela from the influence of thej malaria; it arouses to healthy action the liver, spleen and gastric organs, imparting strength amI vitality to the gastric juice and nervous fluids, prostrated and dormant from the deadly inflneaea eftbe malaria. In a word, Radway'a Ready Relief braces up the entire erstem ani drives ot every particle of malarious poison that may exist. In these cases it ia necessary to regulate the livery spleen, atemach, skin and kidneys to a healthy action. This is secured by Radway'a Pill. Now, let any person seized with Fever and Ague, M soon as the FeTer is off or the Chills on. take at spoonful of Keady Relief in water every hour foe six haurs, and nib the spine of the back with taei Relief clear. Follow thia np ever day. Te those that are subject ua attacks either every fay or at longer periods, it will do more good than all the quinine and othec remedies in the -world. Take Radway's JPiils ixt large cses eTery night, and a cure will coon bq made, after which a tearpooaful ot Ready Sells in water, three or fc-ur times a day, before meaJw and two or three of Rad way's Pills at night, wtl protect every settler in ague districts against at huts. Let this Le done if you whh to avoid attacks of Fever and Ague, or any other malariouj fevers. For the preTentiou and eure ofthisdia ease alcr.e Raäway'a Ready Relief and PUlsara worth a farm to every settler. No home cr family shrcld be without these remedies. lever and Ague enred for Fifty Certs. There IM not a remedial agent in this world that will cur fever and ague and ail other malarious, bilious, sf8Tiet. typhoid, yellow aud otier fevers (ide3 by Rf dwa'a PiUs) so quickly as Radway'a Ready Relief. FIFTY CENTS PER EOTTLEJ Sold ty Drogclsta. DR. RADWAY'S The Only Genuine SARSAPAR1LLIAN RHSULVblMT The Great Blood Purifier, For tne Cure ot Chronic maestses Chronic Rheumatism, PcrornlaPrphllitJc 'Com plaints, etc (See our book on Venereal, etc; price twenty-five cent), randnlar Swelling, Hack lng Dry Cough, Cancerous Affections, Bleeding. oC the Lungs, Dyspepsia, Water Brash, White Swelling, Tumors, pimples. Blotches, Eruptions of tbQFace, Ulcers, Hip Disease, Gout, Dropsy, Rickets , fait Rheum, Bronchitis, Consumption, Diabetes Kidney, Bladder, Liver Complaints, etc. SCROFULA, Whether transmitted from parents or acquired, lewithin the curative range of the 8ARSAFAR1LLIAN RESOLVENT. Sold by all Druggists. ONE DOLLAR PER BOTTLE RA.DWA. Y'S ' PILLS. Tne Great Liver and Stomidj Remedy. For the enre of all disorders of the "tftmaxn, UverJ Bowels, Kidnevs, Bladder, Nervous Diseases, Losof Appetite, Headache, CostiTeness, IndigestionBiliousness, Fever, Iuflammation of the Bowels. Piles, and all derangement" ot the internal via ccra. Purely vegetable, containing bo mercury, mineral, or deleterious drugs. Price, 5 cents per box. bold fty all drugs tUJ. DYSPEPSIA. DE. KADWArSTILLB are a cnre for thU oonw plaint. They restore itrength to the stomACh and fnabl It to perform its functions. Tbw STmrtoms ot Dyspepsia disappear, and with th-j the liability of tie rystcra vc 'contract di. Take the medicine according to dlroetloas, ni observe what we say ia "False and True" resoeot efen letter itatnp to DR. KADWAT 4 CO., Foi 82 Wtrrec itreet, New York. risiormaUon worth thousand will be ae&l to you, TO THE PUBLIC. I Be sure7and ask for RADWAYH, and seeZUMt