Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 31, Number 36, Indianapolis, Marion County, 7 October 1885 — Page 6

THE INDIANA STATE SENTINEL WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1885.

OUR FARM BUDGET.

Why Eairjirg is Prctalle Cheap Shelter For Cattle. . tiutating: Ii Age of Trfe-Iitinguih-ine Cbrrltrktk of Cattle I jnt Kollt r Grapes Household Hints und 'trm Notes. Why Dairying is Profitable. rhi!ileljhiii Keeord. The dairy farmer, a? a rule, is prosperous ami has few er drawbacks and better results than the farmer wbo makes a specialty of srain crop, or even general stock raising. The reason is that dairying enables to sell bis crop? in the shape of a manufactured product, thereby securing better prices than when the crops are marketed in bulk. The majority of farmers, however, have not realized the fact that they do not derive more than one-half the milk from their cows that they should receive. There is a disposition to be satisfied with whatever quantity a cow may give, whether it be great or small. "While we have in this country breeds of cattle that an superior for milk production, and individual animals from such giving ever forty quarts of milk daily, yet the average daily quantity derived at the dairies is less than ton quarts. And yet with this small quantity from each cow, dairying proves profitable, and will continue to do so, but there i no reason why the profits should aiot be greater. Dairying d'jes not pay simply because the COWS give milk but because there are several matters connected witli dairying, which, taken as a whole, renders the business one that adds permanently to the wealth of the farmer and increases his capital in a manner not always observed. The cows increase the fertility of the soil, which produces larger crop, and adds to the number of animals that can be sustained. In other words, dairying is a system that tends to improvement and prevents impoverishment of the soil. It mu-t le admitted, however, that in the course of time the elements of fertility will p,iaway in the milk and young stock hold off the farm, but fortunately, the majority of farmers arc compelled to purchase bran, shipstu'V and other materials that supply the place of food that is not produced a: home, which comin-iisatcs for the loss of that which is sent to market. The reasau why dairying is profitable is because the farmer not only keeps up the fertility of his soil by the use of his stock, but by the bettor prices obtained for his products as compared with general farming, which gives him a surplus and enables him to expend a proportion annually for food to be brought on the farm. If dairying, however, is profitable with the low average of ten quarts of milk daily from each cow (and the estimate is high), it can not be denied that the profits could be increased if better animals were used. As long, however, as farmers persist in tolerating the presence of the scrub bulls it is plain that they must continue to depend upon purchasing fresh cows whenever the milken become dry. The practice of purchasing fresh cows will always retard dairying, as no reliance can be placed upon the value of such cows until they have been tested, which may show many of them to be worthless. Kvery farmer can not breed cows to yield forty quarts of milk a day, but every farmer can, by the use of thoroughbred bulls of the Holstein or Ayrshire breeds, so grade up his herd as to double the average yield and largely increase the profits. A good cow requires no more room than an inferior one, ,jior is the labor and care necessary in the 'management greater. The expenses, will be but very Utile more, while the profits will be much greater in proportion to capital invested. With the desire to improve comes the inclination of adopting better systems of management, which includes fewer fences, smaller areas for pasture, and larger fields for cultivation, as well as the careful saving ' of the manure, and the selection of the choicest and best animals every season. It may be suggested, also, that Y? U the management of the product (milk) will be so conducted as to improve the quality of the butter, thereby adding to tlie profit by increased prices as well as from the larger quantity resulting from improvement of the ttoek. Cheap Shelters for Cattle.A farmer in Now York writes: It is very Xxr policy to defer preparing suitable shelter until winter comes, with the thought that there will be more time after the fall's work is done, for before that time stock will Lave sufiered a great deal from cold storms and frosty nights. We know that mankind are about as susceptible to the first cold days of autumn as to the much lower temperature of whiter, which, the system is graluftlly prepared to endure. Although a farmstead looks more attractive with line, clap-boarded, painted barns, wfth warm, dry basements for stabling the stock, or warm fheds on solid walls and these are undoubtedly more economical in the long run yet if a farmer's ecuniary circumstances will not warrant the outlay cheaper substitutes can be put up for temjorary use. "We have known very comfortable sheds made by stacking straw upon strong ioles supported by posts. If the sheds are protected on three sides by straw, with the open side npar the barn, they may be quite warm. In such a sheil stock should be tied up, or a few of the stronger will take possession ami drive out the weaker. Quite a passable cattle stable may be built with rou-zh boards by boarding up inside also and filling in betwean with straw. To save lumber quite large spaces may be left between the inside boards. If boards are used for the roof considerable care is necessary in battening the joints to prevent leakage. In all cases where the earth forms the floor straw should be liberally used for litter. The warmth of such a shed will be greatly increased by banking up the outside with earth, leaving a shallow ditch to carry oil" the drippings from the roof. A farmer of ordinary skill and a smill outlay for rough lumber can build very good buildings for other stock than cattle. He can make a gcoJ pig sty for his swine, a shed for his sheep, and a house for his poulty. Although these home-made outhouses may not e very ornamental in themselves, yet their manifest adaptation to their jorposes makes a farmstead look a great deal more comfortable, and, consequently more attractive. Xovrl Form of Ice-Home. A roston pajcr says: The best form for an ice-house would be that of a globe, because then we should have the greatest bulk with the least surface. Such a shaped house, however, would be inconvenient and expensive to construct. The next best form is a cylinder. Practically, however, an inverted truncated cone wili give all the advantages of the cylindrical form with the further advantage of b'ing more economical in construction and in keeping in repair. The wort iossiMe form is a cubical or square ire-house, for the corners of the ice in such a house will always melt away and leave the n:a s of ice round. The large amount of water which penetrates the ice in sir h au ice-house make it porous a:id it rarely happens that a square fee-house, unlesi very large and deep, will keep ice turouglij'U the summer. In our climate. i e-!io:i id are rarely built above ground. The h.2si way to construct one for family me, an t hJs is the result'of experience and obrsrat;on, is to select a northern hillside or exposure where there is a good growth of fo.-pst tres. Lay ofr a circle on the surface of fifteen fe t in d'ameter and dig to the depth of Muen feet, sloping so that the diameter of ihe excavation at the tottoni may be ten

feet. In the bottom of this sink a well six feet deep and five feet in diameter for the purpose of catching the water from the melted ice. Over this well lay slabs of white oak or other hard wood, with the bark taken olT and the rounded surface turned uppermost. Poles sixteen fet long and from five to six inches at the larger ends are set up against the walls of the ice-house, the smaller ends being turned downward. The sloping sides of the iCe-house and the tapering poles make a beautiful lit, and after the poles are adjusted the house will resemble a large churn turned bottom wpward. If desired, a few large hoops may be nailed to the poles above and below. The poles, however, will retain their positions without the hoops. Uver the house a square en. or frame work three feet high should be erected and covered with a projecting roof. The earth should be thrown against the sides of the house until there is a slope outward in every direction. This will prevent the roof water from running into the ice-honse. (i utters for carrying on" this roof water would he better and keep the earth near the pen from becoming saturated with water. The ends of the superstructure should be weathcrboarded up, but slatted windows in both ends would be advantageous in permitting the hot air to escape. A large door should be constructed in one end, so as to permit the ready housing of the h e. In putting up ice, the first thing to be done is to throw down straw enough in the lottom to cover the slabs twer or three inches deep, after it is compre-sed by the weight of the ice. Straw must be kept also next to the sides so that the ice will nowhere come in contact with the wood. When the ioe-houe shall have been fiillcd on a level with the

top of the greund, several wagon loads of straw should be used in covering it. If the entire roof is filled with straw it will b all the better, though the ice will keep well if onlv a third of the roof is Idled. Kist iniatinjc tlie Age of Tree. The counting of the rings added by exogenous trees every year to their circumfer ence can only, says a distinguished botantist, be arnliod to tret-scut down in their primf. andhence it is useless for the older trees winch are hollow and decayed. Trees, moreover, of'ener develop themselves so unequally from the center that, as in the case of a specimen in the museum at Kew, there may be aiout li-" rings on one side to fiftv on the oilier. Perhaji the largest number of rings that has ever been counted was in the case of an oak felled in 112, where they amounted to 7K; but Ie Tandolle, who mentions tins, adds that JOo vears were ad ded to this number as probably covering the remaining rings, which it was no longer ios sible to count. This instance may be taken to illustrate bow unsatisfactory this mode of rec koning really is for all but trees of comparatively youthful nge. Ihe external girtn measurement is lor tliese rea sons t lie lest we can have, being especially applicable where the date of a trees introduction into a country or of its planting is definitely fixed, since it enables us to argue from the individual siecimen or from a number of specimens. not with certainty, but with certain limits of variability, to the rate of growth of that tree a.- a species. In these measurements of trees a century or more in age such as are given nbundantlv m London s "Arboretum," lies our best guide, though even then the growth in subsequent ages must remain a matter of conjecture. I he dimcultv is to re dr.ro tiiis conjectural quantity to the limits probability; for, given the ascertained growth of tfie first century, how shall we es timate the diminished growth of later cen turies? The best way would seem to be to take the ascertained erowth of the first century, and then to make, say, the third of it the actual growth of every centurv. Thus if we were to take twelve feet as the ascertaired growth of an oak in its first century. four feet would be its constant average rate and we might conjecture that an oak of fortv feet was about 1M) years old. But clearly it might be much less, for the reason for taking the third is not so much that it is a more probable average than the half as that it is obviously less likely to err on the side of ex cess of rapidity. Distinguished C'liararteV f Different Itreeds of Cattle. We are asked, says the American Agriculturalist for October, to name the distinguished characteristics of the different common breeds of cattle, and to indicate their hardiness. To exhibit this comprehensively, we have prepared the following table. It must, however, be borne in mind, that cattle of all breed, Myell Xa.tteo.ed ul vi suitable age, make göod beef; that alt give m:lkT from which good butter may be made; that large milkers and good butter maker, no doubt, occur in all breeds; that all are docile, and make for their size and strength, fair working oxen, and that well cared for, all are hardy. The shorthorns are highest bred, have had the best care, and often great forcing, and hence are set down as moderately hardy. No doubt the same is, in a measure, oi those marked "good." They are all hardy if reared for two or three generations naturally. v.r.r.v.T of ctn I.E. shorthorn Hereford ' levon An;us, Polled.; Highland ; Ayrshire i Dutch Sw is Xorir.andy I'.iittJiny .'. Kerry : Jersey ; Guernsey Norfolk," 1'ol'd Zebu Kngland Kngland Knglaiul -cot land I .arge I -arge Medium ... w ... w M,... M .. M ... M ... ...'mod. ...'good B i k rent '...'great '...Irreal I. arse It Scotland ; Scotland I Holland ' Switr'ld France Bel wiud ... Medium I... 1? good I-arire H: Ab'vmd.lr. large Hi Small j... Small ... Medium ... Ah'v ind.fB Ab'v md. R l'rg Jt fm:K ood i rent IS jirood ...'i;oJ It '-reat l!K'OOl 15 jKOod ...ijiixxl ... urcat l r.mee Ireland Chanl I s ( haul IN Knjslaid ' M ... M ... I luilia j A IIotue-Made Land-Holler. R B. Wat-on, Morgan County 111., sends the American Agficilltifrlst a description of a roller made and used by himself. It consists of two sections of a round log, dressed smooth, and tit ted in a frame. The frame is made of four by four oak. bolted together firmly. The logs are each eighteen inches in diameter, and three and one half feet 1 ng, one being set three indies ahead of the other in the frame. The rins of the rollors are one and a quarter inch thick, round for four inches at one end, and square for twelve ir.ches: this end is pointed, and is driven into an inch hole, bored in the end of the log. The tongue is braced with strong iron braces, and a seat may be fitted partly over the rear of the frame, ami balance the weight of the tongue, and relieve the horse's necks. Soil and Seasons Affect tinl tyiu Cranes. I'erhaps no fruit varies more in the quality of its tiavor, as affected by location and the season, than does the grape. The same variety which is rich and luscious in one place, is j-oor and tasteless in another. The f'oneord is a fine grape in Southern New Jersey, but inferior in the northern part of the State; it is large and rich when grown on the sbalv banks of the lakes of Western New York, but small and insipid on the clay soil at the foot of some of these lakes. On th best of soils a marked difference "is made iifthe character of the grape by the season. A summer rich in sunshine and free from prolonged rains, and periods of cloudy weather, with a late and beautiful fall. will produce grapes of a quality that is never seen in ordinary seasons, liven the most common varieties attain a sweetness and a flavor, which rank them with the better kinds. In such a year, the f 'oneord contains a double mouthful one in the pulp, and ore in the skin. The Catawba grows almost as dark as the Isabella, and the Diana colors a pe rfect purple, and los?s entirely the peculiar "catty" flavor of other ea-ons. Household Hint. Tickled Mangoes. Young musk or ivitmeg melons, 1'uglish mutard seed, two haiMifuls, mixed with scraped horseradtrh, one handful; mace and nutmeg pounded,

one tcaspoonrni; cnopped game, two teaspoonfuls; a littie ginger; whole peppercorns, one dozen: one-half teaspoonful of grouna mustard to a pint ol tee mixture; one tablenwraful sugar to the same quantity; one tablespoonful best salad oil to the same; one teaspoonful celery seed. ut a slit m the side ol the melon; insert your linger and extract all the seeds. If you cannot get them out in this way cut a elender piece out, saving it to replace but the slit is better. Lay the mangoes in strong brine for three days. 1)rain otF the brine, and freshen in pure water twenty-four hours, firecn as you would cucumbers, and lay in cold water until cold and firm. Fill with the stuffing; sew up the slit, or tie up-with packthread; pack in a deep stone jar and pour the scalded vinegar over them. .Repeat this process three times more at intervals of two days, then tie up and set away in a cool, dry place. Lhcy will not be 'ripe'' under four months, but a. very tine when they are. Tbey will keep several years. Sweet Tomato Tickle. ( Very good. ) Seven pounds ripe tomatoes, peeled and sliced; three and one-half pounds sugar; one ounce cinnamon and mace mixed ; one ounce cloves: one quart of vinegar. Mix altogether and stew one hour. Ticklctte. Four large, crisp cabbages, cut fine; one quart onions, chopped line; two quarts vinegar, or enough to cover the caV bage; two pounds brown sugar, two tablespoonfuls ground mustard, two tablespoonfuls black" epper, two tablespoonfuls cinnamon, two. tablespoonfuls turmeric, two tables) oonfuls celery seed, two tablespoonfuls allspice, one tablespoonful mace, one tablespoonful alum, pulverized. Tack the cabbage and onions in alternate layers, with a little salt between them. J.et them stand till next day. Then scald the vinegar, sugar and spices together and pour over the cabbage and onion. Io this three mornings in succession. Oa the fourth put all together over the lire and heat to a boil. Let them loil five minutes. When cold pack in small jars. It is fit for use as soon as cool, but keeps we". Mixed Tickle, Take one ound gingerroot ami one-half pound garlic (both previously salted and dried), two gallons vinegar, one-half ounce turmeric and one-quarter pound long pepper. Digest together two or three days near the fire ia a stone jar, or gently simmer them in pipkin or enameled saucepan. Then put in almost any vegetables, except redcfcbbageand walnuts, all previously saited and dried. I "reserved Crab-Apples. The red Siberian crab is the best for this purpose. Tick out thoe that are nearly perfect, leaving the stems on, ai d put tl en into a preserve-kettle, with enough warm water to cover them. Heat this 10 boiling, slowly, and simmer until the skins break. Drain and skin them; then, with a penknife, extract the cores through the blossom ends. Weigh them ; allow a ioi;nd and a quarter of sugar and a teaeupful of water to every pound of fruit. Boil the water and sugar together until the scum ceases to rise; put in the fruit, cover the kettle and simmer until the apples are a clear red and tender. Take out with a skimmer: spread upon dishes to cool and harden; add to sirup the juice of one lemon to three pounds of lruit and boil until clear and r.'c'i. Fill your jars three-quarters full of theap-. pics, pour the sirup in, and, when cool, tie up. Bipe Tomato Treserves. Seven pounds round yellow or egg tomatoes, peeled; seven pounds sugar, and juice of three lemons. Lvt them stand together over night. Drain off the sirup and boil it, skimmieg well. Tut in the tomatoes and boil gently twentv minutes. Take out the fruit with a perforated skimmer and spread ujon dishes. Boil the sirup down until it thickens, adding, just before you take it up, the juice of three lemons. Tut the fruit into jars and fill up with hot lirup. When cold seal or tie up. Juinre Marmalade. Tare, core and slice the quinces, stewing the skins, cores and seeds in a vessel by themselves, with just enough water to cover them. When this has simmered, long enough to extract all the fla vor, and the parings are broken to piecr1?, strain oil the water thrcuTh a Huck cloth. Put tbe luiiiees info the preserve kettle when this water is almost co'd, pour it vr them ar.d boil, stirring mashing the fruit with a wooden sioon as it becomes soft. The juice of two oranges to every three iK)unds of the fruit imparts an agreeable flavor. When you have reduced all to a smooth paste, stir in a scant three-quarters of a jound of sugar for every pound of fruit; boil ten minutes more, stirring constantly. TakecrT, and when cool put into small jars, with brand ied papers over them. Quince cheese is marmalade boiled down very thick, packed into small pots. It will turn out firm as cheese, and can be cut in slices for luncheon or tea. Treserved Quinces. Choose fine, yellow quinces. Tare, quarter and core them, saving both skins and cores. Tut the quinces over the lire with just enough water to cover them, and simmer until they are solt, but not until they begin to break. Take them out carefully, and spread them upon broad dishes to cool. Add the parings, seeds and cores to the water in which the quinces were boiled, and stew, closely covered for an hour. Strain through a jelly bag, and to every pint of this liquor allow a pound of sugar. Boil up and skim it, put in the fruit and boil fifteen minutes. Take all from the lire and pour into a large deep 'pan. Cover closely and let it stand twenty-four hours. Drain oft the sirup and let it come to a boil; put in the quinces carefully and let it boil another quarter of an hour. Take them uu as dry as iosible and again spread out upon dishes, setting these in the hottest sunshine you can lind. Boil the -irup until it begins to jelly; fill the jars two-thirds full and cover with the sirup. The preserves should be of a fine red. Cover with brandied tissue paper. Treserved Apples. Firm, well-flavored . i .it if i- i i pippins or pcn-nower apines make an exc?i lent preserve, prepared in the same manner as quinces. A few quinee cut up among them, or the jjuce of two lemons to every three KHindg of fruit, improves them. FA RSI NOTF.S. A good horse, one that is well bred, and that will sell at a good figure, costs no more to raise than an inferior one Where proper facilities exist geese are more noariv self-sustaining than any other kind of poultry, and are proportionately more promauie. An ordinary hen's egg weighs from Iii to z ounces: a duck s, 'Z to ... ounces; a turkey s, 3 to 4 ounces, while that of a goose weigh from 4 to h ounces. For chicken cholera here is nothing Vt tcr that! carl)olic acid one dram mixed with two gallons of water. Iet the fowls have free a(cess to it as a drink and mix it with their food once a day. I'ternal vigilance is the price of fruit. With the borer, yellows, blijht and insects of all kinds to combat, no one can make fruit-growing profitable who docs not watch his trees and give them unceasing care. The dairy products of this country exceed the oat crop .;.jM,inju,ujU; the wheat croD, the product of iron bars- and steel, $i"7,0W,OK), and the pig iron output, $4ir),JU0,0K). v To give some idea how quickly milk will absorb odors one has only to place a saucer of milk in a larder in which meat or game is hung. In a few hours the milk becomes so tainted that no animal will touch it. If the French can derive $1."0 annually from one cow, making cheese a specialty, should not the same be done in this country? Our facilities are equal to those of the French, while our markets are quite as good. After a careful trial for two years, and a study of the experience of others, Mr. F. It. Carskadon, of West Virginia, states that the capacity of the land for supporting stock is at least doubled by the use of ensilage. Bec3 require very- little eare in proportion to the profit derived from them. With an assistant an apiarist could care for 3X colo

nies, and a? much as f.fty pounds of honey has been secured from a colony during favorable seasons. It has been demonstrated that milk can be produced at a less cost from ensilage fed with grain than from any other food, and in quality it is equal to milk produced by any other mode of feeding. Uut ensilage alone is not so profitable. It is a well-demonstrated fact that land half worked can never more than half pay.

It is the eliiTerence between imperfect and thorough culture where lies all the mystery why some farmers make so little and same so much. Unhealthy milk mav be divided into two classes: First, unhealthy because secreted by an unhealthy cow. Second, by absorption tf tlisease from the at mosi 'here, or by becoming contaminated from" the addition of impure water, etc. . , Observe your horse wtan he is drinking at a brook, is an Arab maxim. If in brineins down his head he remains square without. bending his limbs he possesses sterling qualities and all parts of Iiis body are built symmetrically. There is nothing so good for causing distemper and scours in stock as a leaky roof, ejne-half the ills may be traced to damp ciuariers. And yet tue stables and barns are expected to do service as long as a plank or a shingle will remain in its place. Great care should he exercised in keeping the cow pasture entirely free from rag-weeds. These weeds impart a peculiarly disgusting, bitter taste to the miik of the cows which eat them, and the butter made from such milk is also impregnated with the same ieculiar tiste. DriuJe to prevent a cow from sucum? herself is made as follows: A head-stall is fitted with a buckle and strap or a ring on each side: a stout surcingle is fitted in the same way. A tough rod of hickory or white oak is lastened on each siue of the cow from the belt to the bridle; this makes it impossi ble for the cow to reach the teats, while it docs not interfere with her feeding. A great saving is effected bv maki ig wagons used on the farm with tires thereto four inches wide. The whee's will not sink into the grvund and the draught is conse quently much lighter. Knglish farm wagons arc general! v built in this way. n ordinary roa Js wide tires make the track better instead of cutting the ruts more deeply, as narrow tnTs always elo. In some quarters it is stated that much of the barley crop tins year is badly stained, and some is sprouted so as to be utterly un salable for malting purposes. Such barley, however, need not be lost. It makes, when ground, the best feed for stock where growth rather than fat is desired. Some farmers prow a small pstch every year to give their hogs a start before corn feeding begins. l'oultry shou.d never be allowed to roost in the stables. Although the hens will lav in the troughs and racks, yet they do more damage to the hay than the eggs will repay. Not only do they toul the stalls and floors, out are noisy and uisagrecahle to the ani mals, to say nothing of tlif fact that they can transfer lice from, choir bodies to every portion of the stables, which become hard to eradicate and entail much labor and an noyance. The most important matter to be observed in breeding good sto;k is purify of breed. A mongrel sire cannot impart uniformity to his offspring. Jood beef can onlv be prouuecu oy tue use or ueei-prouucing breeds, and the largest flows of milk and heaviest yields of tuttor are only secured when the breeds specially adapted for such productions are used. It is economical to use purebred sires, while the profit is also largely in creased. A flock of sheep will pick up windfalls of apj'le orchards even more actively than a drove of hogs, says the Now York Herald. The pig is naturally, a lazy animal if brel as he should be and "kept conveniently fat, or fed consistently with profit. Sheep "will get more benefit if fed from pasture in orchards than will pigs, as well as depositfng their droppings more evenly. They also destroy many weeds and undesirable plants that the pigs will not touch. Potatoes, which are dug in clear weither and thorouehly dried in the sun, will keep in much better condition in the cellar than than those put into bins without being sun dried. Some recommend spreading them upon a barn floor after drying them in ihe sun. Tins mav improve their keening oualities, anu tney mav ne just assroou lor seed. i - - - t . " but are not generally considered ooual for table purposes to those put into the cellar when taken from the held. Ty carefully selecting the best animals on the farm every near, and discarding those that fail to fulfill expectations, the stock will be gradually improved in quality. Such a practice, with the use of thoroughbred males, will soon change the characteristics of the common herds and flocks, and bring them to a degree of penection but little (if any) in ferior to those that are pure bred. Skillful breeding and careful selection are necessary accomplishments m stock raising. Commence to pick apples when the stem parts from the sour bv civilis it a irentle turn. A picked ladder, made by fastening the top ends of the sides together with a grijie, is a very superior fruit ladder. One made in this way should be spread a little more at the bottom than a common ladder. .Small ball baskets, with iron hooks attached to the balls, are very convenient. Kmpty very carefully. Oblong-board crateboxes are well liked, and save the fruit in handling. Returns from thrashers in Michigan to the State Board of Agriculture show an average yield of wheat in the southern four tiers of counties of 'Zu.tl bushels, and in the nortaem of the State of 21.."! bushels per acre. Assuming that the yield of that jortion of the crop not yet thrashed will be at the same rates, this gives a total for the State of 21,24!,34" bushels in excess of the highest previous estimate on the acreage sown or 4,M,.;4j bushels. Michigan is a prcttv sure State on wheat and fruit crops and up to the average on others. The pork raised for family use mav be much improved by keeping the hogs under conditions promotive of health. A pood run in the pasture, with plentv of exercise, clean water, with corn at the finish, will produce pork lit for any one. Should the pigs neces sarily be confined, they should receive grass plentifully, and the pens kept scrupulously clean. The pork will thus not only be of good quality, but free from many parasitic diseases peculiar to the hog, and will bring a higher price u sold, provided such condi tions are known to have been observed. As a varnish for ferrotypes the following recipe lias been recommended: J he solvent should be highly rectitied benzoic, and the most suitable resinous body is gum dammar. Crush the gum, and having placed it in a tall bottle pour in the benzole and shake up at related intervals until the gum is dis solved. Allow the solution to stand until it is quite clear above the sediment, then decant the liquid carefully into a clean botit. i f .-il. i , .;i ne, wnere it is unuieu wim oenzoie unin the, desired consistency iz attained. Good varnish can also be made by dissolving Can ada balsam in benzole. About ten years ago I found that my gums commenced to recede, whic h I arrested by the use of common table salt, applied to the gums by the ball of the finger. Since commencing to use salt I have heard from many, including dentists and physicians, that it is one of the best things for that purpose. Corres ondent lloston transcript. I'nnd'a Fxtraet Riid Ouinine. Although different as medicines, there is much in the discovery and history of these two great sjeeifies that is similar. When it was found that the Extract of Peruvian Bark was a specific for fever and malaria, exeat was the rejoicing. Equally pleased was the medical world when Pond's Extract was found to be as sure a specific for all forms of inflammations. Hemorrhages. Bous, Burns, Sprains, Tiles and Sore Jhroat.

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THE WAR CLOUD IN EUROPE. AtEXAXPF.R J., REP.XI.NO 1'BIXCe OF HVI.GAr.IA, AM I5KEXi"I.Y ILA( Kl) AT THE HEAD OK THE C.OVEUNMF.XT OK r.OVMEI.IA 1!Y A TtEVOMTION. The populace of Thilippopolis, the capital of Eastern Boumelia. rose in rebellion, almost to a man, on Sei texber 18, l$s.5, sc"z:d the Covcrnor-Gencral, deposed the Government, and proclaimed a union with Bulgaria. A. provisional Government was established. The revolt was so well planned that no disorders or bloodshed occurred, everybody being ir: sympathy with the movement : cept the Government officials. Immediately after the organization of the provisional Government the militia was sworn in, taking the oath of allegiance to Ti ince Alexander of Bulgaria. Bulgaria, like Boumelia, is a state tributary to Turkey, but enjoys a higher degree of local independence. Kastern Boumelia was created by the treaty of Berlin, signed July 13, 1S7S. Under the arrangements thereby brought into force it remained under the direct political and military authoiity of the Sultan of Turkey, subiect to certain conditions. The majority of the population being Christian, about 574, UOo out of a total of S."0,0o0, it was provided that the Governor-Cieneral should be a Christian. On the other hand the Treaty j gave the Sultan the right to provide for the defence of the land and sea frontiers of the province, by erecting fortifications on them and maintaining troops there. To him was given the naming of ofHccrs to command the native gendarmerie and local militia employed in the maintenance of internal order; and the right was reserved to the Governor-General of summoning the Ottoman troops in the event of the internal or external security of the province being threatened. In such cases, however, the Towers parties to the Treaty were to be informed of the decision to employ Ottoman troops, and the exigen cies justifying it. Out of the mongrel arrangement-describe I the Boumelians have lifted themselves bv a bloodless revolution, but serious trouble threatens to grow out of this. BuTgarians and Boumelians are preparing to defend their newly wrought union by force of arms against Turkey should this become necesary, and Bussia supports them m this decision. Alexander, tbe Prince of Bulgaria, has enteied the capital of his volunteer subjects at the head of an army of Bulgarian cavalry, and a new Governor General of Boumelia has been apiomted. Turkey is preparing to fight for her rights, or at least to make a show of strength in the defense of her interests, which will certainly be prejudiced whether by war or the decision of the council of European powers which probably will be called to adjust the difficulty that the action of the Boumelians has created. The inevitable breaking up of the Ottoman power in Europe has doubtless been advanced by the revolution the nature and relations 6t which have been explained in outline in the foregoing paragraph. Trince Alexander or liuigaria, who lias thus suddenly been called into worldwide prominence, was known before his elevation ns Prince Alexander Joseph of Battenberg. lie was born April 18o, the son of Prince Alexander Louis George Frederick Emile of Hesse, and the eldest brother of Trince Henry of Battenberg, recent lyniarried to the Princess Beatrice of England. For several years beginning in 1S70, he was an officer in the German army. In 1877 he entered the army of Bussia, He accompanied the Bussian headquarters in the last war between Turkey and Bussia, from the opening of the campaign to the fall of Plevna. After this event he was absent from the army several weeks, but recrossed the Danube in January, 1S78. and rejoined the Grand Duke Nicholas at Adrianople soon afterwards. Ue was a favorite ofticer, good natured and ready to oblige on all occasions. On April 187!, he was elected Prince of Bulgaria by a unanimous vote of the Constituent Assembly of Bulgaria, which, by the Treaty of Berlin, had been created a tributary state of Turkey. He assumed the Government June 28, 1870. But for a disposition which appears to be extravagant in the eyes of his thrifty subjects, he enjoys great popularity. He looks every inch a prince, is over six feet high, straight as an arrow, and possesses a fine, commanding figure. Whether on foot or in the saddle his soldierly bearing is remarkable. His face is dark, so are his hair and eyes; his features are regular. He cultivates a moustache or a full beard as his preference dictates. The prince is very fond of horseback exercise. His reading is chiefly confined to works on military subjects. He enjoys the use of a civil list worth about 120KXa year, wiih the maintenance of a palace at Sofia. Bate events will probably serve to better bis financial fortunes. RELIGIOUS, INTELLIGENCE AND INCIDENT. The revocation of the Edict of Nantes was issued years ago, Oct. 'ZZ. The queen of one of the South Sea Inlands is personally engaged in gospel work. The fifteenth anniversary of the landimrof missionaries in Fiji will occur Oct. 11. Pope Leo XIII., has an annual income of 1,800,000, but it is said tnat ins expenses xor lood are but nity cents per uay. The Bey. Dr. G. II. Hepworth, editor of the New l ork Herald, is the regular supply of a Conrreeational church in Newark. The Presbyterian Church of the country gave last year for au oujects tue sum oi iu l!i2,0.:;. This is an average of $15 to eac communicant. A nerdiew of fbe Kiiiy of Corea. a son of its Prime Minister, and the son of a military manuarin nave entcreu ine cuuiueru .urniu dist College at Shanghai. The queen of one of the South Sea islands is said to be personally laboring for the conversion to Christianity of a tribe of heathens who killed hor husband. A iifir kfp.imrr cos, infr over &i0.000. has just, been constructed by the Church Missionary Society, for the use of its missions on the Niger Eiver in Africa. The Jesuits have purchased the isle of Eahlnh, in Walworth County, Wis., thirteen miles from Waukesha, and. will shortly rir n ru n inr ii:P live tu writ 11:1 lius. uuu. vior a place 01 retreat uuring vacation. Tbe Moravian', who nre one of the small est religious denominations, maintain HZ'i

missionaries in various part9 of the earth, and l,5Co native assistants, and now have about Sl,0u0 adherents in mission fields. llie American Missionary association are threatened with a debt of $-0,fQ at the close of the present year if pious peple do not come to Wie rescue, and it makes an especial appeal to the churches for more money. The Rev. A. W. Mann the deaf mute missionary of the Episcopal church, travels annually 40,000 miles. He ministers to no less than three thousand of his afflicted brethren, scattered over thirteen dioceses. Lord Plunket, the new Protestant Episcopal archbishop of Dublin, publicv stated at a recent convention that he had invested in more than live hundred raffles on opening a church bazar at Kensington. He denies that church rattles are incentive to gambling. Mrs. Sjook, when her pastor called the other day, hastened to find a Bible for him to read. She could find only a few soiled leaves up in the garret, whith'she handed to the pastor, remarking: "Why, really I didn't know we were so near out.' Detroit Free Press. KNOTTY PROBLEMS.

Our readers are invited to furnish original enigmas, charades, riddles, rebuses and other '"knotty problems," addressing all communications relative to this department to E. B. Chadboum, Lcwigton, Maine. o. 1 3 SO. A Strange Transformative. As I was passing down the street A Mupid fellow 1 chanced to meet. The boys at him did lauh and shout, And cry, (.), what a stupid lout!" Hut he passed on, and did not mind Those gl I es and sneers, w h ich were unkind. I'retty close behind him there were seen Two men of ministerial mien. In priestly garb, clean shaven face, These men appeared quite out of place: Two dignitaries, su-li as they should go to church some other way. So, heeding neitner geer nor shout, J juinied between them and the lout, To see if I could be a charm To save the lout and them from harm. 'Twas quickly done, but ah! how strängt'! 1 he lout upo'n one side did stand. 1 ne priests upon tlie other hand, And I between them as before, but now another name w as bore, For we were of one sect, one school, Jew s under the Jlaccabeau rule. I. A. Tin. K. Xo, 1340. Au Anagi-nin. This maxim have I often heard, from whence it came I've wondered ; I've dreamed of it at midnight hour, Aud o'er it I have pondered. 'Tis said that when you are in debt Yon do not ac t seen rely. But borrow on. and on, and then "KEI'EAT BfTI'OOR h.ay" surclv. r. A. TiticK. Xo. 1341. Hidden animals. The stranger came last evening. Mexico bass ricli silver mines. Our danger may possibly be averted. He had the broken rib examined. You must use the la-gcst size brads. The beggar's lot has been very hard. The smith made the tap irreguiar. He said that the monk cved him with 1. 4. r. . 8. dist rust. e. B. S. Xo. 134 3. A Paradox. A thousand servant came one day And near me Mopped aud stood. They covered just as little spate As any people could. A mile in lecpth their resting place A paradox this riddle They oceupied but half an hieh, Yet all stood in the middle. Hxxctly in the centre all Sitood still and none did flinch ; yvt from the centre out, I ween, Was half an inch. Was looking out from any point To tbe limit of tbe "sile Vs half an inch, yet I could swear '1 was just one half a mile. YrsiLxsn. Xo. 1313. -A Charade. The air is eold and keen. The earth in snow immerse 1; VK)ii the roofs and eaves. It lies like ermine hrst, Tiie robins on the wall, Are sitting in a last; And on their pufl'r breasts. The white tuownakes are cast. 0" what ("o robins fiink, As with bright eys tl ey gaze, In o tbe rarden bowers, A wait.' entangled maze? Perhaps of spring, when teams The scented aus will draw. And in the hedge rows bloom The woodbine and the haw. Joe AtfoKV. Xo. 1344. A Numerical Kniguia. But 1, 2, 3 you, 4, 5, O all the difficulties surrounding Vne, 1 should never have been T, 8, t, 10 to accomplish so 1, 2, 3, 4, , 0; 7, 8, t, 10 an undertaking as that in which I have just succeeded. Claude. No. 1345. A Xxoiie Screw. I'm a loose screw that's what I am. Mv life is just like a funeral psalm. ly hired room the blue devils haunt, And 1 always aine at me resiaurant. If I take too much and &y a word less moral than terse, There's no one to scold me, which makes me feel worse; If I come in w ith a headache or feeling tired aud ad, There's no one to iot me, and thatmakes me feel mad. I have no w ife ouly the picture of my old flam. And now good people can you guess my name? Xo. 1346. Singular Addition. Iv second when it stands alone, i neiurfes the whole of human kiud ; But add my first, and yo.i will find 1 hat only ha'lf the race i known. A. The iv I'rie. To the reader furnishing the best lot of answers to the "Knotty Problems'" of October will be presented Lossing's "Eminent Americans," finely printed, illustrated with more than 100 portraits, jsd handsomely bound in cloth. A fine prize. The solutions for each week should be mailed within six days after the date of the Sentinel containing the puzzles answered. . ' A nswerg. VAC Hannah. 1 .117. Way-side. 1318. Silence. 1310. The heart. 131!0. 1. Incongealableness. 2, ImmacuJateness.

M A C Ii E I) A It Ii E A R 0 It EAT E L E A V E S EAT -E R S D R E S S Y

1322. The spider. 1323. Thy-me. Whenever and Wherever Diseases of a choleraic type prevail, or there is cause toannrehcud a visit from them, the system should be toued. regulated aud reiutoreed by a course of Hostctter's Stomach Bitters. Perfect di irestion and a retrular hnbit of lody arc the lest safeguards egRinst stub maladies, and both are secured bv this inestimable tonic and alterative. Tue Hitters are also extremely serviceable in rcmedviue such disorders. If promptly taken in bilious colic, diarrhoea aud cholera morbus, the , disease Is uvually frustrated. In diarrhoea cr.es, it is only necessary to restore the tone of the re laxed bowels, and tüis 1 one oi tue sK'i uic oi f. .1 m rt nnlii.itn Wind on tllP KtOTIiAOh ii i r i Iii. 1 ..I. i'ili ....... - - - - - - . hrarUurn, billiomaots, nausea, licndarhc and ix ii'mnfomQ r f A t i 1 1 rla n n i it thp i:it rii atlil benatic rcßions are also ppecdily relieved by this 1 ii 1 .lit a.1 iwn 4 ienin i t I v a nl nm ii!t nl v rpniP di s those ailments w hkh urc of most fre'iucntocVUirvuiT.

mm

SARSAPARILLAN RESOLVENT? THE Great Blood Purifier, FOR THE CURE OF CHRONIC DISEASES. Scrofulous or Constitutional, Hereditary or Contagious, be it seated in the Lungs or Stomach, Skin or Bones, Flesh oi Nerves, Corrupting the Solids and Vitiating the Fluids, Chronic Rhumatism, Scrofula, Glandular Pwel' lap, Headache, Dry Cough, Cancerous Affection, tvphilitic Complaints, Venereal Troubles, (ee out "Ireatise on Vtuereal and its cure," price Zi cents by mail.) bleeding of the Lungs. Lu-spepsia. 'Watet Brash, Yhite fcwelliug, Tumors, trkia Diseases, Kruptioiis ou the body and Face,' I'impl' Boils, Blotches, ores. Ulcers, Hip Iueases, Mercurial Wseases. Female Complaints, Gout, Drorsy, fcaJfc Kheuin, Bronchitis, Consumption, LIVER COMPLAINT, ETC. Kot only does the Sarsapa rill San Resolvent eieel all remedial airents iu the cure of Chronic, scrofulous. Constitutional aud iskin Diseases, but it ia the only positive cure for Kidney and Bladder Complaint, Urinary and Womb Diseases, Grarel, Diabetes, Dropsy, Stoppage of Water, Incontinence of Uiiue, Bright's Disease, Albuminuria, snl in all cases rhere there are brick-dust deposits, or the water is thick, cloudy, mixed with substance like the while of an egg, or threads ltkc white tilt, or there is a morbid, dark, bilious appearance end white bonedust deposits, and when there is s pricking, burn ing sensation w hen passing water, aiid pain la the email of the back along the loins. One bottle contains more of the active principles of medicines than any other preparation. Taken In teaspoonful dose, while others require va ox fix times ts much. bold Hy JJrugciata. Od Dollar Per Bottl R.. R.. Iv. RADWAY'S READY RELIEF. It was the first and is the only PAIN REMEDY that Instantly stops the most excrnciatiog pains, allavi inflammation, and cures Cosccstions, whe'therof the Lungs, Stomach, Bowels, or other glands or organs, by one application, In From One to Twenty Minutes. No mitter how violent or excruciating the pains, the Rheumatic, Bed -ridden. Infirm. Crippled,Nervous, Neuralgic, or prostrated wita diseasemay sutler, RABWAYS READY RELIEF Will Afford Instant Ease. Tm ft m w f ? am sf V. A rMllAVI TTiftftTnTrflttiTI At tko Rnwe't. Con frW AIUIUU.I ....... . v - " - " ' restion of the Lungs, Palpitation of the Heart, iiystenes, v roup, itunn, imuu-ur-j,rac'irw ness, Sciatica, Pains in the Chest. Back, or Limbs, . Bruises, Bites ot msccis, coia wuu &uu uThe'application of the READY KEXXET ta the. part or parts where the difficulty or pain exüts will &cora e&se sua comiuru BOWEL COMPLAINTS . Tw -Y. a.. ckaIam VafIhi n. P Tn fnt Tu.!.., from ill. Unu-ola iw &tonrw.'1 in f. f?een or twenty minutes by taking Radway's Beady KellCi. i0 congemon or inuaiuiuauou, uu c.uct-w or lassitude will follow the use of the R. R. Relief. Thirty to sixty drops in a half tumbler ol water -will in a lew minutes cure Cramps. Spasms. Sourgtomacb. Heartburn, Sick Headache, Diarrhoea,. Dvsenterv, Colic, Wind in the Bowels, and all Internal pains. Travelers snouiu always carry a wj.ue u - RADWAY'S READY REIEF with tbera. A few flrops In water will prevent, sickness or pains from change of water. It is bev ter thin Fiencb brandy or bitters as a stimulant. MALARIA In Its Various Forms, FEVER AND AGUE. There is not a Remedial agent in this world tnw i a . all hAii If .anal will cure J-ever ana Ague mu n y:uT i Bilious, Scarlet and other Fevers t"ted 7 !; WAY'S PILLS) so quickly SJ.BJLDW AY 8 READY ERLIEF Fifty Cents Per Bottle. Sold fcj Druggists. DR. RADWAY'S Regulating Pills, Great Liver and Stomach The Remedy. Perfectly tastelefs, elegantly coated with sweet, gram, purge, regulate, purify, cleanse aud "drRADWAY'S FILLR. for the cut of all flis. orders of the Stomach, Lfver, Bowels, Kidneys Bladder. Nervous Diseases, Loss of Appetite, - Headache, Costivcncw, Indigestion, Dyspepsia, Biliousness Pevcr, Inflammation of the Bowels, Tiles and all derangements of the Internal Viscera. Purely vegetable, containing no raercury, minerals, or deleterious dniM. MObscrve the following symptoms resulting from diseases of the directive orgaus: Constipation. Inwar.f Piles, FuUnesa of Blood fa. the Ucad, Acidity of tbe Ftomach, rtr bum, Disgust ol Pood, Fullness of eiKht nthe Stowach urKmctations. Sinking or Hutterlng at the Heart, Chocking or Sufiocating SensaUonshrn in a lvinft posture, Dimness f lsion, IX) 1 oi Webs betore the eight, Fever and Dull Pain ia the Head, Deficiency of Perspiration, edownesof the , fckin and Ws. Pafn in the Side. Chest. Limbs, and sudden Flushes ol Heat, Burning 1 XVeWosc of DR. RADWAY'S TILLS will fre the system from all the above named disorders. gold by Druggists. Price, as Cents Per Box. Read "FALSE AND TRUE.". Fend a letter Hamp to DR. RADWAY & Co., No, $2 Warren, corner Church street. New York. -Information worth thousands will be sent to you. TO THE PUBLIC: Be rare tvA sk for RADWAY'S, tnd see Uut tt pajnei"BjLPWAY" Is on what you buyj