Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 31, Number 7, Indianapolis, Marion County, 18 March 1885 — Page 6

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6 TUE INDIAKÄ bl&'ki. KLVrlKLL WEDKELLiS MAllÖil "t ifcfci..

OUR FAItll BUDGET.

Cstcgeof Color In Corn Treatment of the Wheat Field. Tt8 Great Canadian Farm SlieepRalcing Traceplanticg Trees. Potash for the Yellow Start the Orchard Manortrg the Orchard Household üiut od Farm Motes. Change of Color In Corn. Philadelphia KeconLJ Ccrn, like otter grasses, is fertilized by the action of the wind, which carries the pollen from the male to tüe female organ?. Ihe chief difference between corn and other grasses proceeds from the reparation of the male and female organs into separate florets, the former gathered into a terminal panicle, while the latter form a 8 pike lower down upon the stalk, in the axel o! a leaf, and itself inclosed In leaves or bracts. It is evident that thi3 arrangement is well adapted to favor cross-fertilization, since pollen from the Kale flowers cf an adjoining plant is just as likely to reach the spike of female Cowers as pollen frcm the taxe plant. It has, therefore, usually been assumed that nt tccasional presence ot red ears in a tt Id of yellow or white corn, cr of white and j low ears In the Eame field, was caused by C.059-fertilization thronen the agency of the wind. It is true thatyellowandwhit8grain3, cr red and yellow grains, have baen fomd cpoa the same ear, but this by no means disproves the idea of cross-fertilization, s'nee each nike la made np of many florets, and there is no reason why all should be fertilized fey the same pollen from the eame plant. On Jjecember 16 cf last year Mr. Thomas ileeban exhibited at the Philadelphia Academy of Natural bciences an ear ol Indian corn, one e da cf which had creamy white grains of tcrmai color, while nearly all the other sida was occupied by brownish red grains. Several grains show both colors, one-half red the other half yelow, or a stripe of red across the yellow. Mr. Lleehan contended that this could not be caused by cross fertil ization, since, because of the way in which tie silk-like pistils are entangled, such a reg ularity of coloring is impossible. More over, it seems very unlikely that two dif f-'iect poLea-grains ehonld find their way through the long pistil to the same ovule. It looked as though the coloring had spread from some central point, quite irre spective of the boundaries of the several tra. ns, until the power wai exhausted, ilr. lleeban mentioned similar phenomena in o her plants. lie found a plant of partridge berry (Mitcbella repens) with white barries, and removed a portion to his grounds. This portion bore to fruit, on account of the absence of pollen-bearing plants, while the portion left in the woods continued to bear white terries, though it must have been fertilized with pollen fron? the original scarlet berried form, since this species is really düeciOHs: that Is, bears male and fe male flowers on separate plants. Mr. Meeaan argues that there may "be a doubt whether the variation in corn, often attributed to cross-fertilization, may not, in tome casas. result frcm an innate power to vary." He concludes with the remark that the belief in the immediate influence of strange pollen is a reasonable one eo far as general observation gees, but that, as no carefully-con-dacted experiments seem to have been made, It is well to wait for them. It may be remarked that the "innate power to vary" in voked by Mr. Meehan is bat another mode of caving "causes to us unknown," since aay innate power must be the result of trans mitted characters, which must have been produced by the environment of the an cestral plants. A correspondent of the Record (P.. C. F.) Cairns to have solved the problem. He as serts that by treating plants in a certain manner, by supplying lacking elements to the plants, variation m eclor can be pro duced. He thus details his experiment: "Some of she eame eeed, not treated. I had planted the season before, and found no ctange ol color. It was much attacked by smut, nearly every other stalk being affected. In the last experiment not one stalk showed any signs of truut, and 20 per cent produced ears of a fall, plump grain, different to the original seed sown, which was a dent corn. It wes cn these altered ears only that I got the various colors. The remaining SO per cent, stowed no particular change in color. in form of grain or in time of ripening. This U per cent, ripened three weeks later than the u per cent., which 1 consider Improved. and from which I am sure of a healthier growth, greater productiveness and earllness in ripening. It is evident that this experiment prcves nothing either for or against the theory that the change of color is produced by fertilization from the pollen of stalks bearing red ears. No care seems to have been taken to prevent the access of pollen borne from other sources, and wind-borne pollen flies a long way. The good ears might haye been those which were fertilized by pollen from neighboring Heids, while the poorer ones fertilized by pollen from the same field, and could not thus be expected to be greatly bet ter than the parent crop. Moreover, if the manure or method of treatment made the difference, why were only 20 per cent of the ears improved: lo conclude, cross-fertiliz t tion seems to be the most probable cau e of variation in color. The paiticolored grains do not dispose of this idea, for each grain. like an animal, has two parents, and we can readily conceive that some grains fertilized by the pollen of the red variety, yet in close proximity to yellow grains, might only par tially change from the mother form uadsr the influence of fertilization. Treatment of the Wheat Field. In a few weeks- the fall-sown wheat will begin to start, and as spring is the most crit ical period with the crop tne best attention honid be given it while the plants are yonug. Should the weather moderate and the thawing of the ground throw the plants out it will be necessary to paw a roller over the field as soon as it can be done. Care should be taken not to disturb the field while it is in a very wet condition. An other difficulty is tbat very often, after the frost has lett tue ground and the field is wet. a very cold night may damage the plants to sorce extent. This, however, is not usually the case where good tile drainage is prac ticed. It is not generally known that wheat will give excellent results if cultivated in rows, but such has been demonstrated in Europe to be the most profitable method of securing large yields. It compels the grower to thoroughly prepare the land and select the best seed only, in order to save labor in eradicating weeds, the yield being a crop of better quality than that produced by the brdcat ejs.enu The common practice with the majority of wheat growers is to drill in the seed, and many of them drill superphosphate at the aima time of putting in the seed. The wheat crop, however, Is one that responds to kind treatment, and the use of the harrow over the field in the spring usually results in increasing the yield of grain, as well as stimulating growth early. Wheat is very partial to nitrogenous fertilizers, though the phosphates are also beneficial. In some sec tions the farmers apply guano, while in others sulphate of ammonia is used. The ordinary fertilizers sold as superphosphate often contain a large proportion of nitrogen also, out, though such aoolicatioas are benf rial, it will be found best to give a dressing ol eome nitrogenous fertilizer in the spring at the time of harrowing the field. For this purpose nitrate of soda is more generally preferred, owing to its being so ready sol able in water, whether tne soda benefits the growmj; wheat or set ii tsI to be determined. as it ii

claimed that soda does not eiter largtly into the composition of the p'.iats.

But there is no doubt that it a ig is in read ing soluble the silica which is essentia' to the plants, and which is one of the most important elements appropriated as food 07 the crop. Silica is a very plentif ol substance in all soils, but it is eo insoluble as to ba almost useless, and it is never applied in the fertilizers, but is changed in composition in the soil by the chemical actioa of lime, potash, soda, fa't and acids. Although an application or superohosonate may have betn made in the fall, a slight dreesine of the same substance during the spring, in connection with the nitrate of u da, csnally gives good results. In a faw days after the application a greener tinge will appear on the p'aats, and they will grow vejy Ta3t, even where tae crop is siciiy and teems unpromising. Nitrate of soda is known as Cnili saltpeter, and rangesin price, far the crude article, from- four to six cenn pound The quantity required for an acre is licm ICO to 200 pounds, and thouzh. n?rhaps, apparently expensive it more than pays for sach investment ia the benefit to the growing crop and yield at harvest time. The chiaptst mode of improving the ciod. fcowevtr, is the harrowing of the field in the sprinz. And in cases where the area devoUdto wheat is small it will be an im provement to carefully remove all the cock les and weeds by pulling them out by hand, in order to avoid such seeds the succeeding season, ihe harrowing oi toe i.e.d will also cover the s?eds of clover, should such crop be sown on the wheat field, thus insuring a tetter tt and cf clover aad more uaiforni appearance in its growth. The Great i'abatilna Farm. The interviewer of the Pall Mill Gaznie civfa the purport of a convprsatiou he has r-ad with Major Bell, of the Qi'apoelle Uber 1-arm id g Company, earn to ha tne Digest farming concern in the world. Msjor Bail, who hes epcc.al charge of Bjll farai in the Canadian northwest, states that of tne 3l.0tK) seres of wh.ch the farm consists, 13 OUO acraa were under cultivation lasyear. The averse yield o over 1.C0Ö acres wa3 txonty-ii ;e to thirty bushels an aore, and the crop cm be pet reedy for shipment at oat to the producer cf thim four cents. The freight from Winnipeg to Liverpool by the Canadian Pacific will next year not be more than one (hilling. Some other charges remain to be added; but, alter all albwances were male, it was calculated that in 18SG it will be ixssibleto land north weEt wheat in Liverp"ol at not over twenty-two or twenty-three shillings a quarter. Major Ball is exceedingly nopeiui ot tne future or trie nortnwesc in his own words he tavs: "Thi3 year, indeed, we shall no: send jou more than three or four million bushels; but then, you must remember that two jeara ago there was not a house within two or three hundred mile of us, and in five years more we shall be sendirs von fifteen or twenty millions. The wheat trade of the O'ld is inevitablv falling into cur hands. Twenty years ao the E ist ern blates. from .New i ort to Illinois, were exporting heat: to day they are iooro-ting it: nd in another twenty years the Western States, which are now exporting will b our ccstomeis, too. That is to far goo 1 for the ELglish farmer, no doubt: but by that time we shall be able to serve vou all, and you will be better off. We hstv, no iron, and we shall not sae other industries oncro&chin? m agriculture, as ia the cue in th states. N wheat is ccr specialty, ana we shall com in time to supply tbe norld." Steep nuts tog. The last farmers' meeting at ths New Ea land Agncultuiul Society Kjoms wa di voted to a consideration oi "Sheep Has bacdry." Colonel Dmil Xpedharu, in th cptning remarKs, spoke or tne importance if the eheep industry : itcoutdnot succeed however, while troubled by tne dog, and ie2is:atioa ougat to be enarea to remedy tne o'lhcultv. Hon. James ö. Unnnell, cf Green feld, pave an interesting history of the fl(tx culture, and ehowed how man hal always been dependent upon that farui an mal for food and c othmg. The first sheeo imported to the United States came in 152 ), atd fifty years after we find it recorded that there had been a great iEcrease. tici im migrant brought with him a did'srent kind, bo that the result was a great mix ture. The pure MooUed English sheep does not thrive so well here aa the blended eheep. The value of sheep and wool has increased, so that men now noi.i more wealth in their sheep property than they did in former years. In the care of sheep the hrst necessity is a fence in good repair; our eheep will not jump, but they will crawl through crtvires and walk over the Bteps' formed by tumble down stones, fchesp cul ture can result in öt per cent, proht. cfty good ewes lurn'shiDg a cetproatof ?5l be sides being in this reckoning a good caston cr for food which they eat. Colonel describedhis experierce, by which h ra s.'d his two and one-half pounds fleece of Siion eneep to xour pounds ana a traction over through intermixture with higher raermo. He eccounted for th9 excess of grease in the Vermont wool in the rich pasture laid in tl ft State. Mr. Grinnell said tbat If was tired of f ghting the do2 question. The dog owners were in the majority in this State, and in the Legislature it is impossible to remedy the evil, Mr. Charles Lamprey, of Hampton, X. EL, (poke of the trouble that might arise for wool-dealers if the import duty was taken off. He had found eheep industry the most successful part of his farming until the dog ravaging drove it oat. Dr. reter nneo accounted Or the oil in the Veimont wool by the fact that the oily glands of the animal in high latitudes are more active The ermont wool, he conBicered, was tne best wool lor this very reaioa of ratural oil pouring; the fiber was stronger. Kev. iL Chamberlain referred to the dog question, aad eaid he thought the steep could be protected without antagonizing the dog-heiders in cities. Mr. Lamprey told of a ram which would fight dogs, and raised the question whether the sheep coalda't be taught to drive off the raiders. Transplanting; Trees. Kansas Farmer. una general xuie concerning tre? for transplanting is universal in its applictt'cn to all trees alike, whether fruit, snado or or namental, whether large or small, and to shrubs and vines as well as trees. Tney should never be lett with their roots lone ex posed to any kind of atmosphere, and not at all if the temperature is low. Roots a", their outer ands, are very soft, cellular and ten der. It is tbe little mouths at the ends of tbe roots that drink in substance from the soil and send It up in the tree to make m )re tree, ana wneu they are miured the tree is affected in proportion. Hot sunshine will soon dry ub the tender todU to an irreparable extent Si long as tbe entire root is not killed there is hope for new roots to be sent out,butthare is no certainty about It, Any injury to the fiorous roots is an in jury to the tree. If wind be strong, even though the atmosphere is not very warm, it soon dries out the fine roo's and kills them. Bo, too. ii the air is cold. with or without wind, the tender roots are in dauger. This is aa important matter in relation to trees for transplanting. At the time of removing trees from the nursery Jo be transplanted, the roots ought to be protected immediately and perfectly, no matter what the temperature or whether wind is blowing. As fast as these trees are loose let them be bunched and roots covered in some way to protect them against atmos pherical effects. They can be pnt in hills or furrows and earth thrown oyer them, or they may be covered temporarily with hay or straw. But that kind of covering (hay or straw) is not good long unless covered with fresh earth. The two points which must bs jemembered and guarded are temperature snd moisture. Koota will hear a high tem perature if they are kept moist, and they will bear a low temperature when covered with earth. In transporting the trees to place ot re planting, let these facts be kept in mind: The first thing done upon arriving at tbe ground should be to cover the roots by set ting them in a hole and thro wing loose earth about them. And when you are ready to set the trees, do cot carry oat a large cam

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ler. tbrowirr down one at a time at the places where they are to be set, and let them ; .i t t. i. a. - !. up mere icr au cuur or iwu m tun upeu air. If the Dlantirz is done by hand, prepare a number ot holes or SDOts in the farrows and then take ore tree at a time and set it, leaving all the others with covered roots until they are needed, one by one. It the planting is done witn the help ot plow and several hands, the trees may be handled a good deal faster; but do not, in any case, let them lie long with their roots exposed to the atmosphere. Potash for the Yellows. Rural New Yorker. 1 A Western paper. In answer to the question bow much potath to use and how to apply it for peach yellows, says ashes will an9ver the fan n purpose, or procure kainit aod apply 200 pounds per acre with 100 pounds of euper-phosphate, broadcast. As kainit contains about Vli per csnt. of poteen, this would make an applica tion of twenty-nve pounds per acre, or, if the trees were at about the usual dis tance apart, it would give about two ounces to each tree, and th;s, scattered ov?r 225 square feet of surface, would produce but very little enect. ihe remedy Buggestr-3 by those who have been experimenting in this is kiemite, twenty-five pounds; muriate of potash, 150 pounds; dissolved bane-black. 450 pounds. Of this it is recommended to apply from four to six pounds ner tree, aad when the cmeaee makes much of a showing more muriate of potash is to be added till of this alone as much a3 four pounds haye bssn u.d. 'Iha would be fuuy to pound i of potash tn a tree instead of two onncs. While it is net yet an eutabiTsbed fact tbat mineral c annres in any qnaitity are a sp ciGc for the yellows we thins: the chac-s of cure are muc in fa7or ot tie larger qaautity, and worder at ths carele-snes3 of on who would attempt to advise ia a cate whereof he has no knowledge. Start the Orchard. (Iowa Homestead. It is now hgh time for those who cintemplate tettire out orchards to mafce tier e. JectioDs On tbi-j rot?er we have one oioce of parr.pit tdviro and erhortatio-i. and that j3) in brief, do not touch anything from irresponsible nurserymen. Send to some well known, reliable and conscientious dealer, e; plain to him fully your Ijcstion, snl, expoinre and latitude, and then trust his iadmeet and follow his advice in planting. Don't buy Russians because they are RasBlaus, unless jou wain to eifcncient for the benefit of the public. There ra Rus sian varieties that area!! riebt. Traat to ycur curLeryroen to tell you which they are. There is no branch of the business in which there is such an opportunity for swindling as this, and the trouble is that you do not know tbst you ate swindled for veirs. Heccce the ne ces;y of dealing with no uin for Eureery stock unless his character is above tusplcion. We have an orchard oo one farm tbat we shall have to cut down aad Ftnrt anew, because it was planted by a former owner with worthless truck, just because it could be bad cnep. Masurium the orchard. ' vicbutet's r.onghaai atyj k h dmitted rowadjys ths.-; tha i-ardlefs of kind, thould bskspt red, but what is the cheapest ana retire orchari well rr: tc?t n Ritual to apply ij es yet unsettled lliose wpo have hnd n opportunity to attest the different fTtikrs, are asaruK oppospd to tbe application o( larga quanti ses cf fresh stable mannie, especially to the pear orchard, but if such mawre i9 t be applied, it should be applied in the autu uo. Ihe bearing trees cor-euuie consid erable quantities of b)th ph;aphatta cud potash is conceded ov all, and that tie ar. plicttion of lar?e quantities of manure, ricn ia nitrogen, is not only not necis?ary. but positively in jurious, is tbe opinion of some very intelligent orrbardiBts. We have seen orcbards very Kch improved by applying wool ashes in considerable quantities, but not as ransh as when fertilized with a moderate quantity cf ground bone, which would seem to imply that the phosphate is needed the mo-t borne orcbardists apply ground bone aad wood abhea, cr muriate of potash, mixed, with good success; fifty bushels of ashas and 1. CC0 pcucds cf ground bones makes a very liberal dressing for an acre of land, and will last a number of years. When wood ashes can not be obtained, 000 pounds of muriate of potash may be wed in its plac vV hen barn manure is to be used, if only half the usual ouantitv ia annlied. ani thsame value of ground bone be applied wi'h it, the result will be much more sattefactTy than if all manure be applied. When an or chard gets grown to rear its full 8ize.it is not fio desirable that materials should be ap plied to force the growth of the wood, as it is to force the growth of the fruit; this is a fact that CUght not to be l0t Sight Of. An orchard just set will bear more nitrogen and potash than the orchard that is fully grown. In applying fertilizers to an orchard it should be spread oyer the entire surface of ground, and rot applied ns some do, only a few feet from the tree. The feeding roots of a tree are the small end of the roots, more than the large ends near the tree, and they are always very near the surface, where the land is not plowed e7ery year: therefore. whatever fertilizer is applied should be spread evenly over the surface, and left but a few inches under it, then the feeding roo's will easily reach it. nOUSKUOLO UINT3. An eminent London physician. Dr. Gra ham, is reported as having eaid so'ue good things on the subject of colds, and which are in the main accordant with rational aad hygienic views. For instance: "It la not a correct practice, after a cold is caught, to make the room a person sits in much warmer than usual, to increase the quantity of bed-clothes, wrap up in llinnel and drink a large quantity of hot tea, gruel, or ot'w slops, because it will invariably increase fie feverishness, and in the majority of instances prolong, rather than lessen, the duration of the cold. It is well known tbatemtiairtg incculated persons in warm room will make their smallpox more violent by sag mentirg the general heat aad feyer; and it is for the eame reason tbat a similar pra? tice in the present complaint is attend! with analsgous results, a cold being in reality a slight fever. In some parts of England, among the lower order cf people, a large glass of cold spring water, taken on going to bed. is found to be a snccess'nl remedy, and, in fact, raany medical practitioners recommend a reduced atmosphere and frequent draughts of cold fluid as the most efficacious remedy for a recent cold, particularly when the patiea-.'s habit is full and plethoric." Mr. Graham further says: "It is generally supposed that it is the exposure to a coll or wet atmosphere which produces the effect cal ed cold, whereas it la returning to a warm temperature after exposure, which is the real cause of the evil. When a person in ccld weather goes into the open air, every time be draws his breach the cold air ptass through his nostrils and windpipe Into his lungs, and consequently dimishes the heat in those parts. As long as a person continues in the cold he feels no bad effects from it4, but as Boon as he returns home he ap prosches the lire to warm himself, and very often takes some warm and comfortable drink to keep out the cold, it is said. The inevitable consequence is that he will find he has taken cold. He feels a shivering which makes him draw nearer to the fire, but all to no purpose; the more he tries to heat himself tbe more he chills. All the mischief is here caused by the violent action of the heat. To avoid this, when you come out of a very cold atmosphere yon should not at first go into a room that has a fire in It, or, if yon cannot avoid that, you should keep for aeon siderable time at as great a distance as possi ble, and, above all, refrain from taking warm or strong liquors when you are cold. This rule Is founded on the same princple as ue treatment oi any part or the body when frost bitten. If it were brouzht to the fire it would soon mortify, whereas if rubbed with enow no pad consequences would fol

low from it. Ueoce, if ths f.ll-win ru1 were etrictiy oWrved when tbe whole boJy cr any part ef it is chilled bring it to it? ratural feeling and warmth by degrees tiw frequent eclda we experienca in winter would, In a gre&t measure, be prevented." As the days of house-cleanine come on apace a gcod receipe for cleaning varnished and oil-finished furniture will be of interest. Procure some ben7 . mix it with sooae raw linseed oil, appl. .v ta a stiff brush a cloth would do, but u crush is best, as it will go into the crevices better; wipe off with a cloth, rubbing the surface until dry, aad we venture to eay yon will be surprise J at the improved appearance. The effort will well repay you, and by repeating, say ones a week, you can thus keep your furniture lockirg fresh and free from the very appearance of that impartial but certain indicator of neclect dust. We may mention another excellent article for the purpose, very similar to the furniture creams used by our grandmothers. Take some bayberry tallow and dissolve it In benzine or spirits of turpentire over heat, to the consistency of a paste; apply this in the Earns manner as the other, rubbing dry a3 before. The favorite English cozy for covering th teapot to keep it hot is a great comfort, and can be made of any thick material. The handsomest are of silk sateen, with a border of plush, but for ordinary uses those of cloth or smooth flannel are the best. Tne shape resembles a cap. and the a'ze i9 governed by that of the teapot it is to cover. The cozy can be decorated with embroidery or with

Japanese figures in bricrht colors out from ere ton te and transferred upon dark: tiancel. Ott ere have merely lettering, as ' Take a cup end cr.nk it up, and call the neighbors la," or "Tbe cup tbat caeers. but not inobriates." For the lining, cut cut two caps of chamois, the 6air;e siz-es the cloth. Haste a layer of cotton on tbae, and afterward join all together at tbe bottom of the C2zy. A very useful hint to those who have to eit up at night with ua inyalid is oae with regard to making up the fire while the patient is asleep. The act of placing a shovelful of coals on the fire must necessarily produce ern.p r.o'cp. and i as likely amot to arou-e the eieeper when it is most important tht tbe sleep ehonld not be broken; putting little lumps of ccal on with the Eagcra is a way to avoid the disturbance, but not a very pleaeant way to the performer. Bth of these difficulties can he avoided by the Bimple plan cf taying scocpfuls of coal put into ordinary paper bags and pl.cing it on the fire is a noiaeitBs, as well as a clean operation, ana Eayes the watcher that needlesi watte of strength and anxiety about "making up fie Cre." When a fire Beta very low almost out a little pewdered eugar sprinkled ever it produces quite a magical effect and brings up a flame directly. A uieiui adjunct, to tne toilet: A "bangle beard" is made of tain board ten inches long and five or six wide, with beveled edges, covered with plu?h, velvet or satin, ahd provided with email nickel-plated hoos npon which baoglen or rings may be hung Suspended by ribbons from tbe wall, it may be ornamented with embroidered initials or flovtra. The origin o! thia fancy is tie "dangle board," a little pauel of oak wdu hooks inserted from which hang keys, bat ton hof ks or any thing eise that would properly ' dargle" from a nail. Tea ten-penny nails d'pped in gold vanish are bound together by a crimson ri'ob jn, and meke an artistic paper weight. When the burners of lamps become cloiged with char put tbem in a strong soft so,) ends and boil ä while to clean them; Boiled starch can be much Improved bv the edJnicn of a little (perm or a little silt, or both, or a little dissolved gum arabic. A little borax put in the water in which f carlet napkins and red-bordered towels are to be washed will prevent them fading. Fainting tbo 1 3 er paces of windiw in oil colors is an "-musenjent just cow faViiouable with ÜL-ghsa girls who are "artistic." Tut five drops cf chloroform on a little cotton or wool iu the bowl of a clay pipe, then blow tbe varor through the etem into an aching ear, cua inn.ut relief will t3 afforded. Buckwheat Cakes. After breakfast stir in part of a saucer of buckwheat fiour in your batter. Set in the cellar way till evening, then mix your cakes with cold water, la the morning stir in toda, salt and sugar. By following these directions yoi need not renew your cakes all winter. baould you run out of buckwheat fiour for a day or two, usa wheat flour. Sallie Seel. I have been thinking for some time I would send a few of my recepts forbad, etc. Make the sponge entirely of potatoes; have nearly a quart of masheu potatoes, stirred in the water they era noiled in, so that it will be thick, like muah; one teacup of sngsr; tablespooafal of silt; put in yeast enough to raise if. When jcumixcp your bread, leive out a ate tcuptul or more of the sponge to start wi:h next time. Proceed as before, except leaving out the jeaet; the sugar and salt wdl keep it going all winter. Add water about rui.K-warm to the sponge to matce the num ber cf loaves yon wish. I generally mike four. Cinnamon Pie. Mix a teacup of sugar and two tablespoonfuls of fiour together. Line your pie-pan with paste; spread the Baza and flour evenly over it. Put in a piece of butter about the size of a walnut, cut up in small pieces. Sprinkle a little cinnamon on top, then place it in the oven and pour about a teacup of water in It; then bake. Chinese Cream Cake. Three eggs, one cup sugar, ose a half cup flour, one quarter cup butter, ccanl one-half cap sweet mils, two tees poor, fa'.s taking powder. Bsat the su gar and butter together, then add the mill, beat well, then break in oae egsr; beat all tr gel her, then add another eg;; beat wel . then add the other e?g; beat well, tb.a t-,ir in the Hour and bate. This is a good cüss and ecEily made. Pumpkin Tie A teacupful of stewsd pumpkin, two eggs, milk enough for two pie?; put in ginger, spice, nutmeg and su ;.ir to fcuit the tatte. In the West the demand for heavy draft horses is Increasing. At a recent sale of Pirrcberon etalli ons tbe prices for several of theta ranged from $200 to $300. It is a common supposition that shepherd dogs naturally drive stock, bach dogs, how ever, need careful taining, but are more easily taught their duties than are other breeds. Eggs tbat are subjected to extreme cold do not eive good results, as a rule, when na-id for hatching purposes. To secure Btrou. healthy chicks, the eggs should be collected as scon as they are laid. Unbolted rye fiour is Ba'd to be a gaod substitute lor bees instead of farina. It should bs placed in shallow boxes a few rods from tbe bee stands, eo that the bees can visit it whenever they so desire. The Dairyman says it is an open question whether yellow skiu in cows Indicates yellow butter, though it is admitted that it indicates yellow milk. It says white butter is not usual, however, from yellow milk. The best pig is the one tbat makes the most cam with the least waste of fat and the long est and deepest sides with the most lean meat It should also have bone enough to allow it to stand up and help itself to food. American capitalists are arranging for the formation of &n abattoir company with a capital of $1,000,000, the intention being to slaughter American hoes In Canada, and thus get around the present prohibitory laws oi u er many. Ex Governor Stanford, of California, lately imported fifteen fine young thoroughbred mares, bred to some of the best horses In England. Only three larger importations of thoroughbreds have ever been made to this country. Prcfersor Sheldon says the dairy school near Cork has had the effect of perceptibly raising the average of butter in the south of Ireland. A number of young women have Dtfu weu uxiueu m tne principles oi uuiw jnaking in that valuable institution, and

tfcow in turn bare rriad th reform into the localities in which they live. Mr. A 3. Hendry, of Georgia, gives the fcllowirg as bis method of caring hog cholera, which he states has been very successful:

Pour ore pint of spirits turpentine In a quart of molasses, and give a gill of the mixture to each animal. It is not an indication of a good cow that ehe is to: fat. The production of milk does cot permit of an increase of flesh, as it is iRjpcpsibl for an animal to excel in every respect. Though superior as a milker, tow may be very inferior when slaughtered for beef. One cf the best crosses of poultry for pro ducing good market chicks is to mate Plymouth Rock cccks withbeavy common he up. A good cross for producing layers is that oi the Brown Leghorn with Tartride Cochin hers, which combines early maturity with medium size. Tbe Rural World, of St Louis, states that the peach crop in the Western States, at least for the coming season, appears to b3 doomed. Throughout Ohio and Indiana reports pronounce the crop killed, while in Illinois and Missouri it is generally conceded the crop is reined. Although the Jersey red hogs were not received very favorably for awhile, it is claimed that they grow to a larger size than the Poland Chinas, and give as good results as any other breed in proportion to cost cf keep. They are also Lardy and are suitable to cold climates. Ore of the peculiarities of the sheep's foctis the interdigital (cr biplex) caial, which commences in a email opening about cue lrcn above the loot, inis opening sometimes gets stopped np with a waxy subs erce, when the aaiaai becomes quite Jarre, and if rot attended to soon causes foot rot, Regarding brewers grains as food fir milch cowe, Dr. Feeney states that they con tain a narcotic lupulio (the active principle of bops), and after a while the cows get into a c-uimiion similar to that oi an 03iutn smoker. Their fares become ctauged i" at p ef.su n until they appear iluegish ani without animation. The roads in Borne sections are now -i a very tad condition, and when tho frof.: ba pins to leave tbe ground the diCSculty will be increased. There is a good opportunity open to inventors who can devise a cheiper method cf making good roads than that imrsned at preDt, especially if not need ing repairs frej lently. Sews that are to bo bred now shoul i bo mated with boars of the email breed, each SB the email Yorkshire or Suffolk, iu order that the pips, which will come in late, ra-iy mature eaily. It is of no advantage to have pigs come in very late in tue season, aad becce, if they are desired, they should coaie from quick growing breeds. A "lead" of manure does not give a true Indication Of its value. Not only do loads vary in bulk, says the American Cultivator, but there is great difference in the plant food ccntaiced in each. The character of a man's farmirgis largtly dftermined by the kind of manure he ztes If he feed stock mainly on straw, the manure will be so poor as not to be worth drawing to the fields, except when men and teams have nothing elee to do. Good stock properly fed will pay fjr feeding enongh grain, oil cake, or mill feed to make the manure valuable for all crops. When an animal is fed enough to maintain life and locomotion and this, of course, is necessary such additional food as it may have will naturally, if it is not required to keep it from freezirg (which is not ofien the c:.Ee), make growth, if a young one, and more flesh if it is matured or full grown; but this growth or increase will be according to the kind of food given. If the food is coarse or weak, such as straw or poor hay. tbe animal can not consume more than enough to maintain vitality; hence stronger or richer food is essential to pradt. New York Tribune. With wheat at seven ty-five cents a bush9l many farmers will be tempted to try its use as a steck feed, especially in thoe regions where the corn crop has teen shortened by drought. Ihcic who have ever practice i feedir-g rye meal in chopped feed to horsM will rtadi'.y believe that wbeat rueil would a'so make a valuable ration. WolfFs German feeding tables estimate wheat at 5.15 rx arks per fifty kilogrammes, in comp; with corn at 5.0G, oats at 4 47, rye at 4 02, and good timothy hay a. 3 41. The object for which a feeding stuff is used must of course affect its relative value; but both theory and human experience would indicate that it should be found a valuable food for the production of growth or work. A young orchard will be nearly ruined by a teedirg to clover, and a bearing orchard will often be injured. For young apple orchards old enough to produce fruit, but which persist in growing more wood instead, seeding down is sometimes beneficial. It rheckB-too rapid growth and induces fruitfu!re8. One reason why clover is so injurious to orchards is that it is not generally plowed under until the trees are in full leaf. This is a great check to their growth, and tf1 EubEequent rotting of tbe clover sod stimulates an excess ve growth late in the seaeon, which does not ripen its wood and is liabie to be winter-killed. This alternate check and stimulation is especially injurious to pear trees, and is apt to cause blight The Farmers' Advoca'te says: "The chief regulator of the market value ef butter is flavor, and this may be increased or diminished t the will of the r erdaiau, according to bis .rode of feeding or lazing his herd. Milk or cream may ba ac lv and literally adulterated by a recklets bbtem of dairying, and tncre is no reason why this ehonld not be a crime es well as otLer forms of villainy. This won'd not be eo particularly objectionable if tie product of every herd were separately classified, for then the slovenly dairyman would soon be forced out of tbe business We talk about weeding out our icrubcows, but this will never be accomplished till some of tbe owners be firt weeded out by au improved method of education. Let consumers unite and inscribe 'Flavor, purity aad uni formity' on their butter, aad the desired results will toon follow." The ninth annual show of - the Brit'sa Dairy Farmers' Association, teceatty he'.d in London, is pronounced the moetsucce-s-f ul yet held by the society. The chief feature of these shows is tbe display of dairy cattle. Jerseya and Short horns seem to have been most favorably regarded. In the milking test, in which quantity and quality of milk, as well as time since calving, were considered, the champion prize wa3 given to a Short-horn cow not eligible to record, giving fifty one pounds of milk in one day havine calved May 3 last. Another Short-horn cow gave forty-four and one-half pounds of milk. The prize Jerseys gave twentv aad one half and thirty-six rounds. A Welsh cow gave forty-six pounds. The largest quantity given was Bixty-two pounds, by a Datch cow, recentlyhown at Ams'erdam. The low percentage of fat in her milk prevented her from taking a prize in tbe test. Garfield Daring Uta loaagnratlon. Washington Letter to Baltimore San. I don't think I ever saw a man look worse than Garfield did when he was sworn in as President. The blood seemed to have left his face, and he was exceeelngly nervous. He looked as frightened as if he had had a vision transpiring before him illustrating tbe terrible suffering that he afterward went through. Ordinarily Garfield made all his gestures with his left hand, but in delivering his inaugural it was noticed that he used his right hank exclusively. This made him appear strange to many of his friends, for it completely changed his manner. He must have suffered intensely, though he tried ca bard as possible to stand np under it. I have often thought that his action in turning towards and kissing his wife and aged mother was the result of accident instead of intention. My idea then was, and has continued to be, that he fell back exhausted, and that his kissing of his wife and mother was an afterthought I saw him the morning he was taken from the White Housa to be removed to Elberon to die. He looked worse when be was being inaugurated than he did that morning.

3IEN OP THE HOUR.

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- .M'vy'' "V, TUB SEW ADMINISTEt JL.TIQN1. JCKN CHARLES BLACK, OF ILLINOIS, APrOIXTED COMMISSIOSEE CF PENSIONS. Two rays after the advent of the new administration ti power, Mr. Lamar, Secretary of the Interior, at tbe request of the President, telegraphed General Black, of Illinois, the request that be would take the office of Oomml sioner of Pensions. The gentleman thus distinguished immediately accepted the appointment by "wire." As head of an Importen, brauch of the Interior Department, General llf.ck will fill a very responsible poMHr , tbe ealary of which, $5.000 a year, is Lai . 1: 7 commensurate, perhaps with the hard work and honorable distinction inyolvedin it John Charles Black, the Eew Commissioner of Pensions, was born 'at Lexington, Mo., in January, 1S39. He received au academic education, and graduated aT. Wahash College, Indiana. A short time afterward he entered the army in the Trnrty -seventh Illinois Regiment. When he left it. in li-Co, he held the rank of Brevet Brigadier GeiuraL Hia next step was to procure admifs'en to the Bar. He entered the office cf a prominent firm in Chicago for this purpose, and in due time was admitted to the practica of his profession. His home is at Danville, 111. General B.ack has been active in politics, -is a Pen crrat, and has been frequently omit.' ted for office. Ssveral unsuccessful . r -".in a i its for Congress, the last only last lull, Lave maintained his prcrvnnce in lccaljarty struggle and are eiuificant of the respect in wLrri his ability is held. General Eiack was e Democratic candidate for Lieutenant i ; ivernor in 1S72. aad when General Logau v. as sent to the Senate in 1$79, B:ack was i!.e Democratic caucus nominee. He was a Delegate at Large to the last Democratic National Convention, bofore which an attempt was made to put him in nomination for the Vice Presidency, which he prevented. A MOrUtK S PRESENTIMENT. Burning Her bon After Heilerin g for Motiths That He Would Soon Die. IXew York Eue, MaroÄCl Harry S. Traft was burled In Mount Pleas antCtmetery. Newark, yesterday afternoon, after Eervice at his parents' home at 2-1 Summer avenue. Ke was twenty-ona yea.s old, and tad been for three or four years chipping end receiving clerk for Bartholomew it Co., 100 Greenwich street, this city. Mr. Martin, of the firm, and young Pratt were Btandirgin front of the store oa Tuesday, when a large coping stone fell from the third story and struck Harry Pratt oa the heed. He Btacgered, fell into Mr. Martin's arms, and an hour later died in the Chamber Street HoepitaL Tbe young man was an only son, and was idolized by his parents. Mrs. Pratt had been expecting the calamity fsr eeveral months. "I do not like publicity," said Mr. Pratt last evening, "but as several pereoas have heard of my wire s presentiments, l may as well give you the facts. All through the win ter Mrs. Pratt felt that some great misfortune was going to befall Harry, and herforebodmgs impaired her health. All the time, however, she kept from me the cause of her anxiety. "On Monday night Ehe dreamed tbat she stood beside an open grave. A casket was there, standing on end, and on tbe plate Bbe read Harry's name and age. The date of death wasn't given. She kept this dream from me aho. She was so convinced that the long-looked for aillxtion was at hand that the next day, when I went home to break to her the news of his death, she asked me at the door, before I could speak: " 'Is Harry dead V At the funeral to day the ccfSn-lid was removed and stood np on end, and I thought then of the dream. ' Approves Lamar's Eulogy. N'aehville (Tena.) World. The Commercial-Gazette thinks tha age Southern man Is displeased wi timer's appointment "because be once e kindly of Charles Sumner." There ione Southerner in a hundred wao did and does not, approve Mr. Lamar's ei: on the occasion hinted at It is a very ver La Ke 'jot iot ogy iarrow view the C.-G. takes. Mr. Lamar e ap pointment is indorsed by the South ge ier ally, and the South is proud of his promotion. A Voice From Italy. Rev. W. C. Van Meter, Superintendent of the Italian Bible and Sunday-School Mis Bion, at Iiome, Italy, writes under date September 1, 1884: "Tbe I'alians call Pond's Extract "Aqua di Dio," Water of God. We use it for every acne and pain; itisindis pensable in our medical department I knew it was goed before, but now I can not find words to express my praise of its excellence." Invaluable for cuts, burns, bruises, catarrh, neuralgia, eta The first arrangement in Paris for eupplyicg private houses with eleclricity for illuminating purposes is now in working order, and from all tbat is said concerning it there is every likelihood tbat it will be extended. Those who initiated thiB project wisely obviated any necessity for kicking against the pricks of civic regulations by using as a motor for- the dynamo-electric machines a gss engine which can legally be employed in cities. The First Keen Twinge. As the season advances, the pains and aches by which rheumatism makes itself known are experienced after every exposure. It is not claimed that Hood's Bareaparilla ia a specific for rhematism we doubt if there is, or can be, such a remedy. But the thousands benefited by Hood's Sarsaparilla, warrant ns in urging others who suffer from rheumatism to take it before the first keen twinge, Profeesor Ewing, of Dundee, has received a Government grant of $500 to conduct researches regarding minute tremors of the earth and slow movements of the horizon, while stationed at the top of Ben Nevis, Scotland. The situation of the Ben Nevis Observatory is admirably adapted for such work. What Ton Bay. "There are so many frauds advertised for the hair," you say. So there are, but Parker's Hair Balsam is not one of them. It will not work miracles, but it will do better service for your hair than anything else yon can find. Restores original color, cures dandruff, gives new growth. Elegantly per fumed. Not a dye,

B. R. Ttl Ra&way's Ready Relief !

The Cheapest and Best Hedieine FOB FAMILY USE II THE WOHLD CURES JlND PKEYEXlS Cciiähs, Colds, Sora Tmoa?, Hcarseniss, inflammation, Rheumatism, Ncurs! Headache, Tosthacha, Diphtharia, Influenz, DiQcult Braninc' It wai the first and Is the only PAUV UKJIEDY Tr".. uiJtanry stops the noet exerne: tint; psirtj altf.ys liiiaanatioa and cures Coruestlcra, whetb'rof te Lungs, Stomach, Bowels er o thj gland or organs, by one application. In Frcm One to Twenty JUinutet lo matter how violent or excruciating the patal the Rheumatic Bed-ridden. Infirm. Cr'ppleJ Kervoua, Keuralslc cr prostrated wlta Ci. o may luffex. EADWAY'S READY RELIEF WILL AFFOED IK STAKT KAS3. Inf amraatlon of tie Eilneya. l5flna'..'ja rt tie Bladder, inflammation of tbe Bowels, Con? BSCS a of the Lungs, f alpitaUon of the Hcrt, Hra terlcs, Croup, Wphtaeria, Catarrh, Lema! nervousness, Eleorlesaiew, Eheumatim. relation, Palss in the dient. Bad or LLmba. Brolaal. Errains, Cold Chills and Ague CJMlla, The application of tbe heady EEi-TEFti the part cr part "Bt:.-et!i9 diScultyor ?aiara lets will aaoia eue ana oomiort. Thirty to BlxtT drops in nui a tnra'bleT ol watei will la a few minutes cure Cranpsi epascs Sour Etom&ch, Heart-tarn, Sick Eeache, D.'artca, Dysentery, Col'r, "A lad la the EoweU, aal all internal pains. Travelers ehonld always carry a tonie cf sadWfa P.eady Ec-Iief ithtbea. A few dr.; 13 watei win prevent ticincsa or pains frc-a cr tr.? of water. It is better ttaa r reach Brandy or liters as a stimulant. SV1 A L j i m 5 In Its Various Form?, EEYEE and AGO yjtVAK and AQUS tSTSA for K cnti. ""hers ts no; a remedial agent ia Ow world that wi'.i curs lever and Ague aadallovhe tlalarions, LlM-ns, eoarlet, and olher tevors (iiae! fcy SADWATrf rHJLü) so QU!cki7 as IUDWAVS HEADY SELIEF. Firty Cents Per Bottle. trlntf, gold by all Om Dil. RAJDWAY'3 Sarsapariliiaa EesoiTol. Pure blood rr x cund Sech, ttrocs brs asa aclear6kln. Ii ; cn would have your ai rn your bones eouu i. wühont carle, and f T-.' con plexion fair, u EAL'WATS 8AßäAJt'Ai:.IlIA3 KÜüOLVEKT the Great Blood PurifierJ ?AI.SS AND TRUK, We extract from rr. Eadwsy s "Treafffe on Dl eafieand Its Cure," as follows: List of d!jl cored by DK. KAU WAIT 3 SAESAPABILLIAIJ BÜ30LV2H!? Chronic skin diseases, carles of 5 i? one, fcuracrl of the blood, scrofulous diseases, yv 'Uüo cor plaints, fever sores, chronic or old u?rs, sait rteun, rickets, white swelling, scald heal, cank ers, glandular swellings, nodes, wasting and da cay of the body, pimples and blotches, tumors, dyspepsia, kidney and bladder diseases, chroma rhennaUa Jd 6uus coueueitjÜou, gravel an J calculous deposits, and varieties of the above complaints, to which sometimes are given spec Ions names. In cases were the system has beea salivated, and murc;? has accumulated and bocome deposited in the bones, Joints, etc. canslnj caries of the bones, rickets, spinal curvatures, contortions, white swellings, varicce veins, etc., ths ßars&parillla will resolve away those dspodti act exterminate the vims of the disease frca thS system. A GEEAT COMilSAL ELiEüI Ekln diseases, turners, ulcers and sotos ot a3 kinds, particularly chronic diseases of uie et! a, are cured with great certainty by a coane of RLDWATB SARS APA KJLLIAN. We mc&n Oes! nata oases that have resisted all other treaaasnt. SCROFULA Whether transmitted from parent! or acquired, U within the curative range oi the SARSArAEILLIAN RES0LYE5T. It possesses the same wonderful power in curlns te worst forms ol irumous and eruptive discharges, syphiloid ulcers, sores of the eyes, ears, nose, mouth, throat, glanGs. extermlnUng thi virus of these chronic forms of disease from tea blood, bones, joints, and la every part of he human body where there exists diseased (lepoelti, ulcerations, tumors, hard lumps or etrofulous in flamxaation. this great and powerful remedy will exterminate rapidly and permanently. One bottle contains more of tae active prinO pies of medicine than any other rrepratian. Taken In teaioanful doses, while other rqnlrl five or six times as much. VS3 DOIXAB kMJ BOTTLX. Bold by drUKSistb DR RÄDWAV3 REGULATING PILLS Tfci Great liTtr aad Stonacb litis' dy. Perfectly t tasteless, elegantly coated, purtf.t regulate, purify, cleanse and isjeugthesi. Dr. Eadway'B tills, for the cure of aU dis orders of the Btom ach. Liver, Bowels, Kidney Bladder, Nervous Disease, Loss of Appetite Headache, Constipation, Coatlveness, InAUeaUoiU Irytpepeia, Bülousnees, Tever, Inflammation ca the Bowels, PUesLand all derangements of the Ir ternal viscera. Purely vegetable, contalnlna a mercury, minerals, or deleterious drugs. Frioo 25 Centi Per Bos. Bold by an druggista. DYSPEPSIA Bad wafs SarsapariUian, aided Ij Eadway'l Pills, ii a cure for this complaint It rectors? strength to the stomach, and makes it perform Its functions. The symptoms ot dyspepsia disappear and with them tbe liability ot the system to contract diseases. Take the medicine aoooraicg t& the directions, and observe What we say la "ftlst and True" respecting diet. CRoad Falso and True.'; Bend a letter stamp to RADWAT A CO., Ko. 15Warren street, Kew York. Information vcrtft thousands will be sent to you. TO TUB PUBLIC. B3TEI lure and ask for Kdwiya, and ist U3 fci aas 4vtn la aa vaat m fcxxu