Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 30, Number 51, Indianapolis, Marion County, 21 January 1885 — Page 6

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THE INDIANA STATE SENTINEL WEDNESDAi JAIN U All 21 i8

OUR FAH5I BUDGET.

HaaagiiS Poultry In TYInter-rrapar lag the Seed Bed. Corn aa Stock Food Improved Bail Fence Ensilage "Withcat SII03. ftll Dairy Herds Indian sad American Wheat Household Miata and Ketlpes Farm Notes. The Old Attic Room. 7 remember tie dear eld attic room. Where I aleyt when a little boy, m the larm-house ever beside tie nil, '.Yhen life was a i-er!ect;cy. i remember the chairs so old and r.ualnt. And the bed whereon I slept. K net the cliet of urawera beside the door, Vtere t"ie appls were always kej t. 1 remember we'.l how ti e early sun Through the window small would stray, An-i bow the bird ia the tree ouulde Would warble bis morning lay. And how my mothers 'Time to get up" cm my hedss ear woula fall. And the unpretentious x riet that hung So crooieily oa tie wall. J remember the celling, cra( ked and low, V here the bunches cf tappers buns. And the old green curtain tnat wouldn't roll up. but Iii every wl.d breeze swurg. I rertenber the barrels with stovepipes filled, And various other things. And the memory of this dear old room r.emembranee also brings Uf the nights I had of Innocent rest; What wouldn't I give to be Acaln la those rosy, boyhood dreams A wanderer, happy and free on its rarpetkM Coor to romp, a merry and boi-terous boy, ,t see my little fitter p ay W itli her latest pain tea tor? Tie room was not fair to look upon. L'ut to me 'twas a jolly nest. An, that now as then I could lay me down, ItM tired and willing (tuest. Ar.d dream the dreams that then I dreamt, in the nights so cool and still, Cr the homely bed in that attic room in the farm-house by the hill : The Town. Managing Poultry in Winter. This is the season when eggs are high, but if the bens are rightly managed greater profits may be realized now than at any other time. The oft-repeated Question is: "Why do the hena refnse to lay after the -weather becomes cold?" This inquiry we propote to attempt to answer, and numerous reasons may be given. In the L ret place, a warm and comfortable poultry house in winter is absolutely indispensable to laying, sot that it must he heated with a store, but that there should be no cracks or crevices in tbe walls, while the floor must be kept dry and clean. It should also have plenty of light, and tha rays of heat trout the sua should penetrate to every portion. While tbe hens are very partial to a retired, dark hen house at night, they will not remain inside during the day unless the house fa well ventilated and light. Hence it may be noticed that an open shed is often preferred to a warm, close dark poultry house. The feed should be given early, and the erst meal may consist of a mixture of bran, ground oats and corn in equal proportions, scalded and fed warm, but the tens should not be allowed a foil meal of the soft fool. A few swallows are sufficient, and the remainder of the meal should consist of whole grain wheat or cats for which they should be made to scratch by scattering it in finely cut hay, chaff, sawdust, or any kind of material that will serve for the purpose. Tne object in compelling them to scratch for their food is to give them exercise, und prevent them from becoming fat, as over-fed hens will cot lay. Tbe best egg food is that of a nitrogenous character, such Ei milk, meat, etc., of which they should always receive a supply. n excellent substitute for meat is fresh blood from the slaughterhouses. It should be cooei and thickened with bran and corn meal, so as to enable the attendand to crumble it to pieces for the fowls. A cabbage chopped line is excellent aa a varifty, as is also clover hay cut in pieces half an inch in length. The clover may be scalded and added to the soft food if preferred. Hens should never be fed as much as they will eat during the day unless they are compelled to scratch, but at night, just before going to roost, they may be allowed all the corn they will eat. No fixed allowance for a hen can be estimated, aa they should receive only as much aa they will cleanly eat. Among 'their requirements are ground bone, which may be procured fnsm seedsmen, pounded oyster shells, giavel and pure fresh water. Two feeding a day are sufficient, except in very cold weather. It is a difficult matter to prevent the water from freezing at this season, and the plan has been adopted of watering the hena hree times a day. with water not very cold, aid ing a teaspoonf ul of tincture of iron to each quart of water. Cleanliness is enjoined, and the houses should be whitewashed occasionally. Hens will not remain in a filthy house unless forced to do so, and the droppings will compensate for the labor of their removal. With clean quarters, regularity of feeding, a variety of food, and warmth, flier will be a plentiful supply of eggs, bat the hens must be kept at work, while the dust bath should also be provided. Something depends upon the breed. A common flock is'easily improved by the use of pure-bred cocks, and tbe cross adds vigor. Mongrel hens may be used, but the cock must be well-bred. Large combs are objectionable, as they freeze, and the Brahmas are preferred by some for the reason that they are well feathered and bare small combs. Tbe Leghorns are the best layers, but have large combs and wattles. A cross between a Jegnom cock and Brahma hen is excellent, und may be made more advantageous by crossing again with the Brahma, so as to secure bens' three-fourths Brahma and onefourth Leghorn. The Plymouth Kocks are the most shapely and attractive market chicks, and the hens are good layers. The Langshans lay earlier than the other large breeds, while the Wyandottea are compact, have small comb and produce fine market chicks. No breed possesses all the desirable point, but judicious crossing will greatly assist in improvement. Preparing the Seed-Bed. Ohio Farmer. I Preparing the seed-bed after tbe plow is a work of no small importance. In regard to the consistency of the soil at the time of working the same rule laid down for plowing would also be applicable here. A good seed-bed can not be made from wet, waxy eartn. A very sandy soil may be worked when quite wet, as the particles never adhere to any great extent, as is the case with soils containing a considerable amount of clay or loam. One cultivating or harrowing when the ground is in the right conditio will do more good than thres when the ground is to wet to fall apart readily. Where the land is ploughed in autumn, or quite a time before seeding, it should not, aa a rule, be replawed. That portion which has lain exposed to the action of tbe elements is best adapted to the wants of plant life, as it is more thoroughly disintegrated, and therefore holding its fertility in an immediately available form. To turn this surface soil under would be to lose all that has been gained by the action of the frost or by other means. A thoroagn stirring and mixing is whnt it want. Cultivators with deep, sharp teeth should first be used, running them both ways across the field. After tnns loosening up and stirring the whole depth of the sell let the sun aid air have a chance at it for a few bonrs at least before patting on tie harrows. These last should hare ßae, clcsely set teeth, and b light and wide, that the work may be rapidly as well as effectivelydone. A team can draw a 1'got framed, steel-toothed harrow that Utes a ten-foot sweep a easily as it coal i many of the old-fashionsd six-by-six liaaoered that corered less than half the width. With

Ew,e harrow we can go ever tha field in ball üm6 that WOuld be required with EUT.ow one. What we gam in this way hprld be applied to the finer working of the As a general thing, but one harrowing 'succeeds the cultiqation before seeding. An-

omer cross narrowing is 01 immense ueueui, and it should be given if possible. One harrowing after the cultivation usually leaves the field in a very smooth, even condition, but it is the second harrowing that makes the surface fine. As a rule, we should pat more work on the land before the seei is town and less after. The finer the seed to be sown the finer the soil should be made. For small garden seeds we can hardly make the soil ne (enough with our field harrows. In small gardens tne garden-rake may be used after the harrow; but one waa is gardening on a large scale should have a very licht harrow with small, sharp, steel teeth i i i - i u . i Bet closely together. Such an implement is also excellent for the smaller held seeds. such as grass, turnips, etc. The rollei should not be used on heavy soil, either before or after seeding. On light, porous soils it may precede the marking for crops that are to be planted in rows or drills. A heavy plank drawn broadside over the land is often vastly superior to the roller, as it grinds the lumps instead c pressing them into the ground. Corn as Stock Food. Lancaster Farmer. Corn is so rich in oil th it we may say corn bread is ready butterei; it is, however, very dicettible, and in cold weather this oiliness is a most valuable factor, as it serves to keep up the heat of the body more directly than starch and similar substances. With oats and barley it may form one-third of the grain ration of hard-worked draft horses, ::nd will keep their coats gloesy and be in every way a benefit, certainly worth more than its weight in cats. Fed alone or in larger proportion it has a tendency to make horses sweat easily, and it is said to become quickly exhausted. It is not safe to feed it as freely as oats or barley, as there is danger of impaction and just es teere would be n wheat were so fed. No doubt it is best fed ground with oats, and the proportions already indicated are probably the most satisfactory, the meal being fed upon cut hay. For cows in milk, corn meal may form, with biao, the exclusive grain ration, and may te fed at the rate of one plate of corn meal to each 1U0 pounds of the cow's live weight. No doubt it wiil be found just as gcod in Creai Britain as here. It gives Quality nnd chnees to the milk, color to tbe butter and abundance to the flow if the cowisajocd one; but if she is inclined to lay on fat sach feeding will cense her to fatten, even though In full milk, and if she gets tco fat she will go dry. For sheep corn is excellent, but should be fed whole and a little at a time. For swine, the universal experience from Maine to Oregon, and from Canada to Mexico, is that it will make more and better pork than any other food. For poultry it is in the country the universal grain, but it is not always the best. It is admirab'e for its fattening properties, but 'or laying hens and growing fowls it is not well to use too much. "Corn-led" fowls, ducks and geese are flrm-tleehed and yet tender. They bear transportation alike with little shrinkage. The yellow corn makes yellow batter and yellow fat in fowls. Eaglish and French tastes demand white-fle?hed poultry with pale, lardy-fat, and so they fattan po-jltry on rice, rnd their faDcy market fowls have about as much favor aj boiled rice. The America nm&rkct demands vellow-fleshed fowls, with fit as yellow a Juno butter, and corn is the food to product this In all poultry. Improved Ball Fence. Kail fences are still economical in some acme parts of tha country. Where lumber costs nothing they are cheaper than fences m ids of barued wire. Tne rails are liable to be disp' iced by anima's or bl tkew:nd. To avoid these di' blown dawn by cultie3 a cor respondent to the Toronto Globe makes these recommendations: After the rails are laid up in the usrj: l way, six or seven according to their thickness and regulation height, a four-inch sail is. driven into the bottom rail to ntout half an inch from home, and one on the other side a'so, about six inches from the end parallel with the ground; now procure strong wire, such as fencing wire but witacnt barb, make a loop or eye on the end. and hitch on the nail, bring the other end of the wire over the top and down to the ether nail, make loop, and hitch on a so; the wire wh n hitched on nails to have an inch or two of slack; now, understand me, the nail3 and wire are to be between where the rails cross or intersect each ether. Now get a short handspike and insert it between the raih at thsir intersc:tion and pry down, tha wire will now be strained tight, put a tcgle, wedge, or i!at stone between tne rails so pr ed apart to act as a key, and push it in tight as posaibl- about midway between top and bottom ; .v . corner will now be firm and secure aamit tbe rubbing or throwing down by cattle. As a farther precaution against tbe tremendous power of the wind or any rocking motion, a short brace reaching from the ground in a diagonal direction and pushed snug and tight under the top ra'l, an I secured by a nail driven through it into the rail under on the inside corner of all the panels. The oottom rail should always be the thickest and smallest at tcp, if any difference exhts in size. As all wood shrinks or swells according as the weather is, in a droughty time, should you find that the fence is "not a3 tight as when put up, tighten as before directed by meant cf handspike. Ensilage Without Silo. The plan of oornpressincr green fodder in -tacks a-iove ground, instead oi in eil93, long practiced to some extent by Dctch farmers, La3 been tried in England during tue past season. A Hampshire farmer reports a sue ces8ful experiment of the kind. He carted soma grass as soon as it was cut, stacked it in the ordinary way, and weighted it every evening with about two. tons of railway metals, of greater length than the width of the etack, which was nine yards long and five yards wide. By this means a large quantity of grass was compressed Into a small space. When the stack was finished the loose crass from the side was pulled out and put on the top, which waa not thatched. The result is about fifty tons of rery good fodder, similar to silage. There is seme waste at the sides and on the top, but no more, it is said, than is commonly found in silos. Another ex periment of the same deecription was carried out with the help of an elaborate system of mechanical pressure, which appears quite an unnecetsary expense. The explanation of the preservation of the fodder is that it became to solid that the air could not penetrate more than about nine inches at the sides of the stack, and not much more at tbe top. It will be advisable for all who try the plan to hx the stack at a distance from any other stack or any building, as a little bitch in the arrangement might easily lead to the heating, and ultimate firing of the fodder. Small 10 airy Herd. We often hear of a dairnun, siya tha Lire Stock Journal, who baa a single cow that makes $100 or more worth of butter in a year, and perhaps his near neighbor with thirty cows gets only an average of $30 to 1 50 worth per cow. Yet the latter dairyman is entirely unconcerned about the small outcome of his herd. He goes on, year after year, milking cows that do not pay for the food they eat, much less for the labor of milking and caring for them. He seems to take U as a matter of course. He does not take time to consider the fact that he could dispose of these poor cows and get better ones to put in their place. In fact, he has no definite idea of which are the poor and which the good one. The cow of his neighbor, which makes as much butter as three of hir, dees not arrest his attention; yet, when he is asked how this can be, he will strike very near the fact in the answer: "Well, he bas only one cow, and can take care of her." Just so, and if you would sell off twenty of your poorest cows and take care of tbe remaining ten, you would get much more profit than you now do from thirty cows. A few weeks since an account was given in a New York paper of a dairyman in Vermont, with tix cons on alarm of sixty acres, who

makes 33U pounas oi nuuer average per 1

bead. Ii has been Improving them for some ten years, starting with an average of only 150 pounds of butter per cow. His income from his aix cows ia now $-j00. He keepa a record of each cow separately, and each ia retained on her own merits. He keeps no cow that will cot respond to good care and keep and pay a good profit. He does not expect cows to make 330 pounds of butter each without the best of food and plenty of it. These six cows takenocbancss of drought and scanty food. Their owner takes the duty upon himself to prevent tha effects of drought, and to supply a full ration under all circumstances. Hi reward is 3-iO pounds o! butter. Indian and Auatican Whtil, JSan Francisco Chronicle. We are now enabled, from the report ot Consul General Leonard, of Calcutta, to form a reliable estimate of the wheat production cf British India in 1884. The area under cultivation is said to be 2C.000.000 acren and tbe product 214,000,000 bushels, or yji bushels to the acre. Tfce acreage planted to wheat in California this year was about 4,COO,00D and the product about 57,000,:J0 bushels, or 16' t bushels to the acre. The total acreage planted to wheat in the United Etates is about 40,000,000 and the yield this year was about C10,000,COO bushels say nearly 13 bushels to the acre'. British India has thus considerably over k&lf as many acres in wheat as the United ttates, and pro duces nearly one-half as large a crop. La?t year the crop of India was reckoned at 200,OCO.CCO bushels. Notwithstanding the cheapness of labir in India and tne fertiuty of tne sou, tne calculation of wheat growers in that country is that it costs them to raise wheat and ship it to Delhi, which, like Chicaco. is the primary market for Indian wheat, Sl.'.C a cental say l1 , cents a pound. This is aboct what it costs here if anything a trifle more. When, as at present, wheat at Delhi will not realize as much as this, the Indian farmer holds back his crop in view of the pocsibility of a fnture famine. Delhi it nearly the sirne distance from Calcutta that Chicago is from New York. But the freight frcm L'elhi is 31 cents per cental, aa against .5 cents, which is the freight from Chicago to New York a quarter of a cent a pound. Here is another advantage enioyed by the American producer. It looks as if Mr. Caird was not far wrong when he said that British India cob Id not ailord to grow wheat in competition with the Northwest ana California any more than it can ailord to compete with the Southwestern Etates in tbe growth cf cotton. . It is just about ten years since British India began to ship wheat to Eng and. In 1877-78 it shipped 12,000,000 bushels; in lssO-81 the shipments were 14,000,000 bnheJs; 1881-82 37,000,000 bushels, and In 18S28.') about 4:5 000,000 bushels. The great decline in the price of wheat, which began laEt year, checked the business, and in the first six months of 1884 the shipments were only 11,120,000 bushels, as against 20,513,000 bushels in the corresponding months ol 183 The consumption of India is reckoned 200,000,000 bushels leaving 41 000, 000 avail able for export nearly one-hslf Eoglaad's reqni'cnients from abroad. But it is evi dent that with a prime cost of $1.33 per cental at Pel hi, and freight cf thirty-four cents from that point to the seaboard, I odiacannct compete with Chicago or San Francisco. Wheat growing in India depends in some parts on the monsoon rains, in others upoa irrigation. We know in this State that with anything like present prices, if the co-t of irrigation hes got to be added to the other costs of growing wheat, the industry will not pay. Under the present unthrifty government of India as a British colony, expenditures are incurred which promise no adequate return. But this can not list forever. It will never pay, as a commercial operation, to keep up a system of irrigation for the purpose of raising wheat to be eo'd at a cent a pound, which is likely to be the areage ruling price hereafter. HOUSEHOLD HINTS. A dish which is regarded with favor just now is made by boiling some beets until they are perfectly tender, then chop them fine and mix with them an equtl quantity of stewed tomatoes; heat iheax to the boiling point; season with pepper and Fait and a little lump of butter; send to the table very hot. Apples that are too tart to male agreeable sauce can be deliciously toned down by adding about a third of the quantl.y of dates. Sweeten well and serve cold. When roasting lamb or fowls, if you do not like the favor given by thin slices of silt poik or of bacon, which are usually put over them, take come hard butter, roil it in flour, and. separate It into small lumps and lay here and there on the meat. This will give richness and flavor to the liquid with which you baste them. An excellent pudding is made in this way: Cut apples into halves, peel and core theai, put some dates or prunes from which the stones hare been removed in the place of the cores; cover them with cold boiled rice, moisten the rice well with milk and water, putting in enough so that th9 apples will not burn down on the bottom of the dish; bake in a moderate oven for an hour; coyer the pudding dish if there is danger of the rice becoming too brown ; carve with sauce made of one well-beaten egg, one pint of miik, one cup of sugar, a little grated nutmeg or mace. An excellent dish for plain home dinner is made by stewing some real until it is tender, thicken the gravy with flour and season with pepper and salt, and put in enough butter to flavor it; then make a nice crust-like biscuit dough; have it when baked an inch and a half thick. Put the veal aDd gravy into an earthen pudding dish and cover the dish with the crust. Bake and serve hot. Veal for breakfast ia made appetizing by cooking it in this way: Fry some thin slices of bacon, then cut the veal thin and fry it in tbe bacon fat. Just before taking the veal out of the frying-pan,' scatter grated bread crumbs orer the slices and let them browD. A very easy way to mold meat which is to be sliced for tea Is to chop the meat rery fine, Beaton with pepper and salt, and if you wlh tor spices add them; add butter also, or "try" some sue, and add the fat from iL Butter the inside of a plain mold, press the meat into it very firmly, tie a cloth over tbe top, having first scattered flour over the clath ; steam this for an hour. Then set it away to cool. This may be served hot if you choose, with nice gravy. Potato omelet for tea is an agreeable disb. and tbe Saver may be varied so that it will seem like a new dish even if it appears on the table frequently. To a large cupful of mashed potatoes allow three ergs yon may add four or five, but three will do niceiy; the yelks and whites should be beaten separately, as they will be bo much lighter in that case; a teaspoon even full of salt, half a teacupful of milk and a rery little sifted flour not more than a heaping teaspoonful complete the ingredients, with the exception of the flavoring. Parsley chopped rery fine may be nsed, or lemon juice, with a little black pepper, and an audacious cook may add a "trace," as the chemists say, of nutmeg. Heat and grease a large saucepan and pour the mixture into it. Brown it lightly and serre hot. Chicken Mayonnaise. Take as - many chickens as are wanted for the bulk of your salad; boil then in "bouillon until sufficiently cooked; then take them out and remove all the fiesk, being careful to reject all bones and skin. Cut into sizable cubes and put them into a deep dish; season with salt, pepper, oil and rinegsr, and let them remain seme hours in the pickle. Put into a salad bowl about three times as much lettuce as you have cbicken, which latter pat into the center of the lettuce, corenag it with Moronnalse dre'ng, garnished with bits of lettuce, hard-toiled eggs, olives, est ers and beets, etc, cut in symmetric itepee.

Beef fritters are nice for breakfast. Chop

pieces of steak cr cold roast beet very nee; make a batter of milk, flonr and an eg, abd mix the meat with it; put a lump of butter into a saucepan, let it melt, then drop tbe batter into it from a large spoon; fry until brown; season with pepper and salt and a little parsley. A delicious falling for a cake is mads by putting one cupful of r vdered sugar into a saucepan with one-qu er of a cupful of water. L. tbeu timti.r,r cently until tbe sugar is entirely diseolved, and, ia fact, until it is stiff when dropped into cold water; then add to it tbe white of one ee.g beateu to a froth, half a cupful of chopped raiains, ha'.f a cupful of chopped walnut meats and a te aepoonful of cocoannt; add a few drops of vanilla also. Excellent pies are made of canoed currants. Take one cupful of them, half a cupful 0! BUgar, one tablespoonfnl of Hour, beaten with the ye'.ks of two eggs. Bake with an nndercrust, then frost the too with the whites of the two eggs and two tablespoonfuls of powdered sugar. Be sure to beat the sifted Hour with the yelks, then there is no danger of little lumps of undissolved flour spoiling tbe good looks of the pie. An entree of small new carrots is made by first making some rich, well seasoned stock, then boil the carrots until tender in salted water. When done slice them thin and drop them into a Eauce-pan containing the stock. Let them just come to a boil, then serve. FAIOI NOTES. Do n ot overlook tbe fact that the horses should be roughshod now. It is cla'taed that evergreens are better than osage orange as wind brakes, being closer in growth. The retail demand for wheat flour under the pr sent era of low prices in Germany is reported to be gaining. Immediately when an animal begins to fret for food it begins to lose flesh. Never check the fattening process. All such material as cornstalks and straw should be cut into small pieces before being placed in tbe barnyard. Ear y chicks should be hatched this month, as the smaller sizes are usually in demand when they first reach the market. Dr. Bennett, in his address before the Xova Scotia Fruit Growers' Association, said he preferred cultivating orchards during the whole period in which the frees are bein prepared for fruiting. When they reach fall beanng tbe land may be laid down to gra-?, but even then there must be no failure of surface feeding and mulching applications, without which the fruit will dwindle to t tu all size and become spotted and fungusmarked. All the seeds should be overhauled now, thoroughly cleaned aud placed in a convenient receptacle for immediate use in spring. Thoe who did not save their seeds from plants of their own growth should procure them from the feptdxruan without delay, in order to avoid loss of time at the planting period, as orders in tbe spring usually crowd tbe fee"dsman. thereby causing delay. It is a mistake to postpone the purchase of seels till the ground is ready. Fifty f.iwls tan he kept in one houia provided the place is kept clean, well vtii?.ted and furnished witli a good run. The fowls should bave wholesome food, varied with preen stufl, ground boDe and oyeter shells. Fowls should be3ome nsed to their quarters before extreme cold weather. Be careful and protect tbem from extreme cold winds. An open shed facing the south is a good thiDg A house twelve by twenty fejt is necesßary to keep fifty fowls, ßand for the Coor is mcst desirable. Hens fed on a regular diet will not lay es many eggs as if they were fed on a variety of prsias. A very wholesome diet for four's durirjg cold weather, and excellent for rradnriog eggs, is fo md in a warm mixture of boiled potatoes, raiddlines, ground oat3 or barley meal, with dry mustard, pepper or ginger, mixed for breakfast; scraps from the "table, toiled vegetables, pieces of meat and screenings for dinner, the screenings to be scattered through the loose chau or dry leaves on the hen house floor to give the fowls exercise; oats and buckwheat or corn and bariay fer supper. Mr. W. E. Stone, of Houghton Farm, calls attention in the American Agriculturist t3 the fact that the real value of corn estimate! by weight is almost as inaccurate 83 that estircttrd by measure. The true worth of the gram is the actual amount of dry matter it contains. The moisture in corn varies larcely two mouths after harvest the corn waa found to be nearly 23 per cent, water, and when a year old less than 13 per cent. Tnat is, if coin a year old is worth sixty cents per beshel, tbe tame corn ws woith ."1.5 cents the previous July, and 50.2 cents in April after huf king. Of the action of clover when plowed undar as a green manure a correspondent of the Country Gentleman rays: "Clover ia not ma nure, but by its growth, and especially by its decay, it renders soluble for plant-food mat ters which without its aid might remain insoluble, thus indirectly ameliorating the constitution of the soil on which it acts. Any vegetable growth, green or dry, buried in tne eartn alters some cr tne inorganic matters with which it comes in contact in decaying, and to that extent slowly im proves by increasing solubility. But it does add something, inasmuch as it provides an asimilator for atmospheric nitrogen." The great secret of proper pruning con sists in knowing the natnre of the subject to be operated upon, the future Use 01 each shoot and branch. The abundance of market garden products in England is said to be cuttiug the de maud for flour, while a warm temperature adds its influence in the same direction. A single cross of a pure bred male is of great adrantage. At tbe recsnt Fat Stock bhow in Chicago the grades were heavier aud better proportioned than some m the thoroughbreds. Dairymen are learning that it does not pay to keep cows that are not well bred, aa the difference in yield of milk from grade cows ix ore than compensates for the cost of Improvement. In England, British owners ot American cattle ranches are fiercely abused for their nnpatriotio attemptst to make money by breeding cattle in America in preference to doing It at home. If the farmers living along the lines of the country roads would unite and use their farm rollers over the roads whenever thaws occur, such practice would make the roads much more passable. Canadian apples are selling at a higher price in England than these from the United States. It is claimed by British pales men that they hold out better In size and quality wan tne American apple. The Sac and Fox Indians have leased 200, - wo acres of grazing lanas to Kansas parties ior ten years at iu,uuu per annum, the wire ienciag to revert to the Indians at the ex piration of the lease, Ground oats two parts, bran one part and cornmeal one part ia an excellent mixture for young growing stock of all kinds. It is not necessary to keep young stock rery fat, dui mey enouid ba kept in growing condition at all times. - he fodder cutter should be kept constantly i operation during tne winter season. By cutting the coarse material the unpalatable portions may be mixed with concentrated substances, which luduces the animals to eat the whole. Rubbish should not be allowed to accum late. All matter not suitable for the manu A heap should be burned, which destroys th harboring places of insects. Even in th manure heap all the substances should undergo decomposition. Centrifugal machines for separating the milk from cream are now in general use, and as an afd to hee keepers a machine has been inreuted for extracting honey from the

censbs by centrifugal force, the comba being unir;cred during tbe process. bhocld tbe weather prore warm enough to allow of plowing to be done the teaais shoald be worked. Land plowed when wet during the winter does not become hard for the reason that the frost p llrerizes it. but it is not safe to plow land in the spring before the land is dry. Dr. Nichols, of the Boston Journal of Chemistry, states that analysis made of manure taken from a water-soaked heap, and a similar quantity taken from a barn cellar, showed that the former possessed less than one-halt of tbe money value of the sheltered manure. A shovelful of manure over a hill of hops will prove a great protection to the roots.

and its soluble portions wii 1 be incorporated with the soil eo as to benefit the crop to the full extent next t eason. The hop root is often injured during severe winters from deep freezing of the soil. The old canes and branches of black-berries are rery conrenient to corer strawberries in places where other corering would be ecratcbed off by hens. They do not blow of! easily, and hens will not disturb them. Potato-tops are good covering for strawber ries, as they contain no wees etza, ana tney make a very fertilizing mulch. The attempt cn the part of breeders of Jersejs to bring them forward ts possessing desirable beef-producing qualities will result in more injury than advantage The Jerseys have attained a high reputation as butterproducers, and any system practiced that tends to make thern desirab e lor beef will detract from them as producers of butter. Ttosj who make a specialty of lambs endeavor to bring them in early, and also to push thera in growth as rapiu'.y as possible. Ewes with twins are sometimes unable to nourish tbem, and the ewes that lose their limbs Dj ay be induced to adopt one of the twins. In this manner a ' arger proportion of lambs are raised, but on ess grain is suppled the quantity cf milk will be insufficient. Many farmers object to the practice rf broadcasting manure over the pasture field0, c'airaing that the quality cf the food is lu jured. While such is not true, yet, in ordr to overcome such objections, it will be found that a chemical fertilizer, consisting of 300 pounds kainit, 100 pounds superphosphate, 0 pounds sulphate cf ammonia and 203 pounds plaster wil' be almost a complete fertilizer for grass crops. CUKZOUS. USEFUL A.NI SCZEKTIF.'O. Thoroughly cooked meat, when reduced to fine particles, M. Yvon Bays, is as readily attached by the gastric secretions as raw meat. Paper wheel-spokes are coming Into U3B. Th paper pulp is forced into the iron monldaundera heavy pressure, where it dries and hardens. Tbe invention of class is commonly attrbiuted to the l'nreaicians. Very ancient dis coveries of glass in Egypt have somewhat shaken this attribution, and it will remain uncertain until further discoyenes Eettle the question. By means of the new electric brake, in vented by an American named Walcker, it is taid that a train running at a speed of about twenty-two miles per hour was stopped in the short space of six seconds and within a distance cf twenty yarda. A brx or Bafe has been made of asbestos and ailicate, formed into a solid, etone like material. It is said to be proof against sound ard vermin, as well as fire, and will be cseful ia preserving valuable papers. It is light, though massive in appearance. The more frequent U9e of lettuce is now advocated, its leaves being boiled. It is said to be as palatable as spinlsh, at.d has sooth -iDg qualities for oxaluric patients, to whom 8pmi&h is forbidden. Lettuce was at one time thought to be a good eoporihe, but it is esiEg this part 01 its reputation. A full-grown mar. according to Huxley weighs 151 pounds, divided es follows: Musclas eud appurtenances, (JS pannds; skeleton, 24 pounds; skin lQ'Z pounds; fat, 28 pounds: brain, ö poucus ; amiomai viscera. 11 ponnu3; thoracic viscera, 3' j pounds; blocd which would drain from the body, 7 pounds. An Interesting experiment to ascertain the effect of artificial heat on regetatiou hai been made by Barthelemy. He arranged number of hyacinths in glasses In a circl around the pipe of a stove, and after some time he found that the roots assumed a nearly horizontal position, era direction al most at right angles with the pipe. Tbo latest surgical luxury is an instiument by which incisions may be made without giving pain. It consists ot a knife which is regulated by a watch attachment, so that it advances at tbe rate of only an inch in six hours. A flight sensation of uneasiness is produced, which does not, however, prevent the patient from going to Bleep, A novel experiment of carrying a railroad through a forest has been tried in Sonoma County, Cal. The trees are sawed off and leveled and the ties are fastened on the stumps, two of which are huge redwoods standing side by side and reaching seventyfire feet rom tbe ground. 0 firm is this support that heavily loaded cars pas3 over with perfect security. The natives of America were acquainted with the use of colors at a rery remote period. Their first coloring materials were undoubtedly supplied by the ochres, root-black and lime, while experiment gradually taught them to extract regetable colors from learea. fruits, roots, stems and seeds. An animal coloring matter, like the Tyrian purple, was yielded by sea-mollusks. The Peruvians and the Mexicans were able to dye their rioths, and Peruvian mummy-wrappings vhich have been found after having been buried for centuries still retaid their primitive color. The camel has twice the carrying power of an ox. With an ordinary load ef 400 pounds he can trarel twelve to fourteen days without water, going fourteen miles a day. They are fit to work at five years old, but their strength begins to decline at twenty-five, although they lire usually until lorty. They are often fattened at thirty for the butcher, the flesh tasting like beef. The Tartars bare herds of theee animals, often 1,000 belonging to one family. They were numerous in antiquity, for the patriarch Job had 3,000. The Timbuctoo breed is remarkable for speed, and used only for couriers, going 800 miles in eight days with a meal of dates or grain at nightfalL Filial Devotion of a Bird. 8U Nicholas. We bave a saying that charity begins at home, and it has been added that a great deal of the charity that begins at home stays there. Of this narrow sort of benevoleice, too, we find examples among the animals. There is the barbet, for iostance. It is a solitary bird, and sits most of tbe time in morose silence on a twig, waiting for its food (in the shape of au insect) to fly by. Sometimes it ia said to rouse itself and make a descent upon the nest of some smaller bird, and eat all the little ones. Certainly one would not look for any sort of benavolenca from such a bird; and yet it offers a rery striking and rery beautiful example of the begin-at-home and stay-there kind. The celebrated naturalist, Leraillant, who has told ub so many interesting things about the birds of Africa and South America, aaya that he discovered a barbet's nest in which there were five birds. Four of them were young and rigorous, but the fourth was so old and weak that when it was put into a cage with its comrades It could not move, but lay dying in the corner where it had been placed. When food waa put in the case the poor old bird could only look at it longingly, without baring the strength to drag ifctelf within reach of it Then it was that the younger birds manifested a singular epirit of kindness. Quickly, and even with an air cf tenderness, as it seems, they carried foon to the decrepit old bird, and fed it as if it bad been only a fledgling. Struck by this spectacle, the naturalist examined thecest from which the birds had bsen

taken, and fonnd it was full of husks and the remains of insects, showing plainly that tbe old bird must have been maintained a long time by its rigorous companions, which probablv were its own offsprinc Further study of other birds of the same species conrinced the naturalist that it was tb custom for the old and infirm birds to be cared for by the young and strong. There are several species of barbels :.)ind in Africa and South America, and though rot graceful in shape, many of them are exceedingly beautiful in plumage. They get their name from the French word barbe, meaning beard, because they have tufts of stiff bair at the base of tbe bill. Naturalists place them in a genus called Bucco, and some persons call them puff bird, because they hare an odd way cf puffing out the feathers all over the body, which then looks more like a bale of feathers than a bird.

JUST IN FROM DAKOTA. liow a Neat IJttle Woman Got the Best cf the Big Conductor. "As we pulled cut of La Crossa the other night, where I took the train' said the big conductor, 'I went through looking at tickets, and when I got to the sleeper the coon pare rr.e a ticket ior a woman in aa upper bhth, from Borne place in Dakota to Chicago, and said she wanted.. to pay for her berth. I t joujrht it was singui..-, but I went along anl I pulled open the curtain and said 'tickets. 'J he young woman rolled over toward me and Haid 'hallo, bub .' and handed me a roil about as big as a wad of chewing tobacco, done up in tissue paper. I told her it was two dollars, and ehe said that was all right. I was a little bit taken lack, thinking may be she had given aa all of her money to keen for her till morning. I unrolled the paper, and what do yon Cilnk it was .'" "Hair switch," said the cad conductor. "Cotton ;attio," said the conductor with the bad eye. "Naw," said the big conductor. "You are all wrong It was a package 01 gopher tails, forty in all. Tails these little, gophers the Loys - sea to drown out by pouring watr ii t: i oles. I looked at them and ro' ' iuc a .p and opened the curtain, and i to aer .she had given me the wrong roll. I tcia ucr this company was Lard up, and all that,and fonnd it ui.Ticu't to pay a dividend, but it was going to try and pull through till the rst of January without taking any gopher-tails, and said something about two dollars. She was lying cn the piilow with her face within four inctKS of mine, and she whispered, 'Lookahere. I hare been out in Dakota risiting, and out there counties pay a premium on gophers, the same a3 they do nere on wolves, tnd they take the tails as evidence, and in the scarcity of small change the gopher tails are used for currency. In trading at the stores there I got a large quantity of these tails, and I got rid of them all except forty, which at a nickel apiece, is jr 9t two dollars, and I made up my mind to p.ss t! em off on a conductor. Now put them rik,r.t : jour pocket ana turn tnem over to the general office as a sample ot tbe currency out in Dakota, and close the curtains.' I tried to reason with her. I told her gopher tails were no money, and that if I took them to the office they wo j l give me the laugh, and I must have moi y. She eaid if 1 did not go right away from her berth she would scream and wake up everybody on the train, and the passengers would lynch me, and she got ready to scream. Well, I was paralyzed. 1 had been talking with her too long, anyway, and you all know bow it would be it a woman shoald scream at three o'clock ia the morning, in a sleeper, and forty passengers should put their heads out of the curtains and find a conductor with his head in a woman's berth. They would all think he was a bold, bad man. So I took my gopher tails in one hand and my lantern in tne other and went out into th baggage car. I thought it over and concluded to wait till morning, and speak to her after she got up. We got breakfast at Portage, aud she was just tne neatest little woman ever was. After we started from Portage I went in and eat down opposite her an d began to talk about the weather, asked if ehe rested well, and she said, 'Beg pardon, but I believe there is nothing further to be eaid. I paid you my fare,' and she turned and looked out the window. Well, I didn't want to pull that handful of gopher tails out of my pocket and Bhow them ' r. and call the attention of all the passen gers, because I felt as though she would get on her dignity and say I was a lunatic, and the passengers would all believe it. So I got up and walked out, and when I left the train here, as it pulled out for Chicago, she waved her handkerchief at mc and smiled. I think she is the slickest confidence operator I ever 8a w." English New Tear Superstitions. Kotes and Queries. At Christmas parties in the country the young men have the privilege of kissiag any of the opro'ite sex they can get hold of. When Sir Boger Da Corerley is danced the chief guests are expedted to dance with the cook and butler. All peacock feathers must be thrown out before New Year's Day, or else you will haTe ill luck. On New Year's Eye you must take pieces cf money, bread, wood and coal, end a little salt, tie them up in a bundle, and lay on the doorstep after 12. Some one will then come, and you must ask his name. If he says "John Smith" he must not be admitted, because the initial letters of his name are curred ; but If he says "Edward Thompson" admit him at once, as his initial letters are made up cf straight lines; but he must bring the bundle in with him that was laid on the Bte. He must then wish you a happy Ne Year, and. after receiving a gift, ias out by the back door. Then bahold. good luck is yours far another year. On both Christmas and New Year's Eves, when the clock beginB to strike 12, the doors especially the front and bacc are opened, that the bad spirits may pa-s out and the good ones pass in, and immediately the clock bas struck 12 the doors are shut, as it is said, "to keep the good spirits in." The first person to enter the house on a New Year's morning must be a man. Many Holdem ess folks teil some little chap to be ready to come in eo soon as the old rear is dead, and eo secure good luck to the household. When the master enters his house for the first time in the new year he muet take something in which he did not take out. A Hull friend told me he always emptied bis pockets before he left home on New Year's morning and put in some money and bread, which he procured at his mother's, and so reached his home armed with the necessaries of life. Some people place a sixpence on the doorstep on New Year's Eve, and eo anon as the clock strikes it is brought in. N. B. This I need hardly say, is done in the country! You must never go out on New Year's Day until some one has come in is the rule in some parts. Catarrh Is a rery preralent and exceedingly disagreeable disease, liable, if neglected, to develop into serious consumption. Being a constitutional disease, it requires a constitutional remedy like Hood's Sarsaparilla, which, acting through the blood, reaches every part of the system, effecting a radical and permanent cure of catarrh in even its most severe forms. Made only by 0. 1. Hood & Co., Lowell, Mass. Eve Defended by m Southern Lady. Mrs. Elizabeth Arery Merriweather, that always determined champion of the rights of her sex, takes up the cudgel against Talmage on behalt of Ere. her principal argument being that there is no proof on which a jury would convict her of eating the apple. If Jlrs. Merriweather will pardon the expression, we will Btate that we regard this as something of a stumper. We wait anxiously to see how Brother Talmage will come up on the eecond round. Opposed to btrong Drink. 'Tarker'a Tonic is delicious to the palate; it invigorates, but does not promote a love for strong drink; It cures coughs and oolds; it purifies the blood, thus curing kidney, liver and .'ung troubles and rheumatism. It should be kept in every home." G. IL Sherman, photographer, Elgin, 111. Place it in yours.

Rr. 3io. R?, Radway's Ready Relief! lie Cheapest and Best Medicine FOR FAMILY ÜSE II THE WORLD CUKES AM) rilEVENrs Ceuflhs, Cold:, Scro Throat, Hoarsens: iRfiamrcaticm, Rheumatism, Neurosis, Headache, Tcothacha, Diphtheria, InSuenzi, Difficult Breathing It was the tret and Is the only PAIN KICMEDY 1 hat instantly stops the most excrudatlaspairiN allays Inflammation r.ud cures Conceilors, whether of U.e Lnngs, Etomsch, Bowels or o til glazdf or organs, by oe application. In From One to Twenty JUinuUti No matter bow violent or excruciating the pslst the Elieumatic Bed-riaien, Infirm, CrlpjlcJ Nervous, Keuxaltfc, or rrociratel with disease qaj suffer. RADWAY'S HEADY RELIE7 WILL AT TOKO INSTANT EASB. IcCaxamatlon of the Kldaeya. Inflammation CJ the Bladder, inflammation of the Bowels, Com na tion of the Lungs. PaloltaUon of the Heart, Hysterics, Croup, Diphtheria, Catarrh, influents, Nervousness, Sleeplessness, Rheumatism, bcatlcs, Pains in the Chefct, back or Limbs, Brolsca, Brraina, Cold Chills and Ague Chills. The application cf the BEAD Y BELIEF te tbe part or part wk;reUie difficulty or palnea lets will abrd e&fro aad comfort. Thirty to sixty drops in had a tumbler ot wtta will in a few minutes cure Cramps, BpaFraa, Bo tu Biomach, Heartburn, fflck Headache, Diarrhea, Dysentery, Colic, wud In the Bowels, and aU internal pains.

Travelers enouia always carry a Do:uoirj wr' Ready Belief with ttem. A fow drop 1 J watet will prevent sickness or pains from charts of water. It is better than French Brandy or Bit ters as a stimulant. IV3 A L A R I A, In Its Various Forma, FEVER and AGUE. rrVTB and AfitTÄ ccred for SO cents. There 13 not a remedial agent in tts world that will curs Fever and Ague and allots Malarious, BIMona, fcarlet, and other fevers (aloed by BADWAY'J P1LLB) so quickly as BADWAVS HEADY RELIEF, Fifty Cents Fer Bottle. Sold by all lOrns glats. DR. RADWAY'S Sarsaparill.au Resokeni. Pure blood mak.. crnd fee a, strong bone ant a clear skin. If you would hare your heeb Sin, your bones sound, wliiout caries, and yonr com plexion fair, ute KADWAY'8 6 ASS Af ARU, 1,1 A3 KLSOLVKXT, the Great Blood Purifier FALSE AND TRUE. We extract from Dr. Eadway's "Treatise cn DIM ease and Its Cure," as follows; List ol dlseaiSJ cured by DE. &AD WAY'S SABSAPABILLXAR BESOLVEIfT Chronic srin dlstses, cartes ot the bone, humorj of the blood, scrofulous disoasee, syphilitic oorv plainla, lever sores, cironlc or old ulcers, salt rheum, rickets, white swelling, scald head, canx ere, glandular swelllncs. node, wartime, and decay of the body, pimples and blotches, tumon, dyspepsia, kidney ami bladder diseases, chrculd rbeumatnt ud (vus consumption, gravel aaJ calculous deposit, tzd varieties of the above complaints, to which sometimes are given specious names. In cases were the system has be?a salivated, end murcury has accumulated and b come deposited in the bones, Joints, etc. can sin J caries of the bones, rickets, spinal curvatures, contortions, white swellings, varicose veins, eta., th B&rf aparlllla will resolve away those depoFia nj exterminate the virus of the rt'sesse horn thai system. A GREAT COHSräÖTIOMl EEMEDI Ekia diseases, runjors, nicers and sores of all kinds, particularly chronic dls1 of the sklrw are cured with great certainty l-r a course of Doj KADWAY'8 BABSAPAK1LLJ.AM. We mean oMt nate cases that have resisted all other treatment, SCROFULA Whether transmitted Iron parents or acquired, a within the curative ranra 01 the SMlSArARILLLlN BL'SOLYEXT. It pofesest-es the same wonderful power In curia! the worst forms of strumous and eruptive di charge, syphiloid ulcers, sores of the eyes, ears, nose, mouth, throat, glands, exterminating ta virus of these chronic forms of disease from the blood, boaes, Joints, and in every part of the bos, man body where there exists diseased deposits ulcerations, tumors, hard lumps or scrofulous it flammation, this preat and powerful remedy vU exterminate rapidly and permanently. One bottle contains more of the active prlnO pies of medicine than any other preparatloa. Taken in teaspoenful doses, while others reoulri five or six times as much. Oüi DOLLAK tCJ BOTTLE. Sold by arugglfts. DR. RADWAY'S REGULATING PILLS The Great Liver &zd Steaacb Eezidj. Perfectly tasteless, elegantly coated; purnj regulate, purify, cleanse and strengthen Dr. Bad way's rills, lor the core ot all &ia orders of tbe Stomach, Liver, Bowels, Kidneyai Bladder, Nervous Diseases, Loss of Appetite), Headache, Constipation, CoetlvenesB, Indigestion Dyspepsia, Biliousness, Fever, In Ham ma. tion ol the Bowels, Piles, and ail derangements of tVi Internal vlßcera. Purely v ere table, containing sj mercury, minerals, or deleterious drugs. Price 25 Cents Per Box. Bold by all druggists. DYSPEPSIA Radway's Sarsaparilltan, aided by KadwPV'J Pills, is cure for this complaint It r esters strength to the stomach, and makes It perforin I M functions. Tbe symptoms cf dyspepsia disappear and with them the liability of the system to co"r tract diseases. Take the msdicine according is tbe directions, and obeorve what ws say In "Jfu and True" respecting diet. "Read Falso and Truo." Bend a letter stamp to RADWAT A CO., Xrv 1 Warren street, Kew York. Iptcrcaüon waru thousands will be seat to yon. TO THE PUBLIO. PSTBa nre and atk for Edwtv'i, and soe Ul Ike CJU&a "Jtadway" to 00 what raa tay.