Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 30, Number 50, Indianapolis, Marion County, 14 January 1885 — Page 6

THE INDIANA 8TATif BfiNTINEL WEDNESDAY JAMJAR! U 18fc5

6 MM

OUli FAK3I BUDGET.

The Case of the Farmers Yours PIga in Winter Making a Straw Stacfc. pr'e-Oro'wlni In Illinois Milking the Cwws IJoaaehold Hints and Farm Kote. Tb Cntm of the Farneri, Philadelphia Record. A farmer iu Kent County, Delaware, writes i the Record complaining of the exceedingly low prices of agricultural staples. He lays that his daily paper, which at first coat Lin annually the value of four bushels of ecrn, or two and one-half of wheat, cow takes fifteen bushels of corn, or seven and one-half of wheat, as its yearly toll. This is remarkable; bat if a less expense la desirable, this Delaware farmer and all others can get the Record every day in the year for the value of about eight bushels of corn, or fair and one-half of wheat. And bo better investmeat can be made by any farmer than a year's subscription to the Record at such low ccst. Many of those who live by the soil will be inclined to agree with oar Kent County friend that low prices for farm producta is one of the principal causes of what is popu larly known as "bard times." But If these prices advance, so does every other charge; and the farmer remains poor. The troth is that he is taxed too much on everything he utea, while bis products are sold in the world's markets for what they will brin?. He can help himself only by insisting that tbe burdensome taxes he pays shall b lessened. Tbese taxes are levied by tbe Government on his tools, his clothing, his nee. Halt, sugar, and almost everything he reeds to make farm life tolerable or poesibie. Let the farmers once resolve that these high taxes shall come down, and they would not stand unchallenged in Congress for a day. Our Delaware farmer thinks that all would be well with the agriculturist if the bears would only turn bulls and push prices up ward. Well, they do iK&t, occasionally, but tfiere is no advantage to the grain grower He gets the foreign market rate, less cost of transportation. The result is told ia the redely eloquent words of our Kent County correspondent: "Prices have gone down until thousands of farmers are ruined, and other thousands that are cot entirely mined are crippled, and Lave to use the old implements, and wear the old coats, boots, hats, etc The country merchants have to keep their poods on their shelves, and the wholerale dealer hia.Jwhile the manufactarars, -for the want of orders, haye to stop their machinery and torn out thousands of operatives into idleness and want. This ia the whole secret of hard times, and unles there is a favorable change in the prices of tbe great Btaples of the farmer harder times must follow. At present these price are less than the cost of production, and the farmer who has laid nothing by in better times mustfro to the wall, as thousands have done, still farther increasing the armv of nnemploysd." The farcer who lives on his own Jand and keeps outof debt is sure of a fortune.batthia is condition which is yearly becoming rarer anvng tillers of the soil. What statesman or publicist is there who can make adequate or satisfactory answer to the bitter cry of Vis harassed and discouraged farmer cl Delaware. Toons PlS la Winter. YoUo pigs that are farrowed in tlms to be tued into the clover fields when weaned xoakehe best and cheapest pork that can be prodsed. To have them come daring the extieJy cold weather of this eeaaon ia to entaf watchfulness and care upon the farmer toiaS them. There are many difficulties in te way of tuccets with them now, as thejare less active, and, therefore, more liatt to injure from the dam. Should the eowail the provide sufficient nourishment thigs will often freeze to death oa severe dai owing to iasuificient bodily heat. htld they occasionally become chilled thresult will be either diarrhea or cold on' tt bowels. When stunted in growth for Kt of food or insufficient warmth the pigs t4 make no growth until the spring opens sjl the weather becomes favorable; and bat lie profit will result unless there is csrej management. gfYoung pigs of the 8affolk and YorV-.' feeds are good feeders and grow rap. , iwsofsuch breeds readily assimilate the od digested and convert it into fat or iik. Kven when nursing large litters they o cot lose flesh as quickly as do sows of ither breeds and usually are in good condi!oa when the pigs are weaned. Bat the UfEculty with the piss is that thty become rery fat and often suffocate, as excessive fat interferes with their breathing should they pave a cold. It is not to be . inferred that fcigs of the 8uffolJt or Yorkshire breeds are .necessarily afflicted in auch manner, for those breeds of sows make good mothers and care well for their young; but in using such oreeas ue iarmer snouia not leed too highly on concentrated food. As long as the sow keeps in high flesh she should never be fed on corn or cornmeal. Cooked vegetables will answer much better than grain, if such food is provided liberally,, but should the sow become thin in flesh she may be fed on anything she will eat. For the farmer's purpoee the cross of a pure breed with large, coarse sows will give the best results. Should the sow that is to farrow be very large an attendant must carefully take the f)igs from her and place them near a stove or n a warm room for a few hours, or until they become able to move about Should any of them be very weak or exhausted im scene in water at a temperature of 103 degrees will be found very beneficial, but the pigs so treated must be wrapped in cloth or f annel and well dried in a warm room. The difficulty with farrowing sows is that the pigs are liable to perish from co'.d be for they become strong enough to seek warmth from their dam. Heavy sows will crush the pigs by falling on them much more frequently in winter than in summer. The first week is the most critical period; if the pigs are carefully watched for that time they will need but little assistance afterward. The wean ic g of pigs shouid be defeared la winter as late as possible. They need all the food and warmth they can get, and if they eat from the trough and also derive nourishment from the dam so much the better. If kept in a growing condition they will prove as profitable in the coming fall as cau b expected, for the clover will be m time for them when they no longer need assistance from the sow. Berkshixss, Foland-Chinas and Chester Whites are not as tender as the EeEexes, Suffolk and Yorkshires, and such pigs thiive well; but greater low occurs to them from the dams, which are usually heavy, and crush them. For this season, or in early spring, pigs of tbe small breeds usually giye the best results, while pigs that are farrowed in the fall ahoald come fron the larger breeds, as they need longer time lor maturity. There is difficulty in raising pip that are farrowed at this time if they are exposed to the weather ad the sow not properly fed; but if farm work is scarce there is no reason why an early period should not be favorable. Making m Straw Stack. f American agriculturist Earley, oats and pea straw is bo frequently so much broken up by the machine tb.it it packs closely and occupies far less space tnaa rje and wheat straw. Of wheat and rye straw it will require about 1,000 cubic feet of stack room to hold a ton, and a yield of twentyfive bushels per acre may give yoa a ton of straw. Occasions lly heavy crop of wbsat w ill give 1W pounds of straw to each bujhel

cl wheat When wheat rye, barley and oat straw are stacked together in anything like

equal proportions we shall not be far wrong in estimating, on ice average, nan a tja oi straw to each acre. Furthermore, in such a case l'0 cubic feet of space will be sufficient per ton. In other words, a stsek eleven and a half feet in diameter will hold about an acre to each four feet in height One thir teen feet in diameter will hold an acre to each three feet In height; one sixteen feet in diameter will hold an acre to each two feet in heipht; one twenty feet in diameter will hold about an acre to each one and a hslf feet in height, and one twtnfythree feet in diameter will hold an acre (a hall a tin of straw) to each foot in height A stack thirty-three fert in diameter will hold one ton of straw t each foot in height: one forty feet will hold one and a half tons to each foot in height When you have decided no jv largs a stack to mate place a fork ia the center. Tie a string to it and if the stack is to ba forty feet in diameter, tie a knot in the string twenty feet from tbe fork, and hold it in jenr Ielt hand, spread out the straw on the bet torn cf the stack a little farther than it ought to be, and then pass uro and the stack and push in the straw with ths feet. until tbe circumference is twenty feet Iron the center. It is little work, and ia far better than trusting to the eye. In building the stack the main point is to keep the middle full and welt trodden down. The chaff and the straw that is broken up into small lengths is more compact than the long straw, and should be kept in the mida.e oi ine stacc. nace the long straw oa tbe out Ide of the stack, and also bind it with long straw. It is neither safe cor dasuable to tread down the straw on toe outside. The lichter it is the more it will set tle, and tne better it will shed the rain. Tnu is particularly important after you com mence to build tbe top. Apple-Crowing in Illinois. Western World. iicch money has been made in app egrowing in Southern Illinois, nor is the tield by any means crowded. Much availae laud can be had. admirably suited for the Trartose. withia ccehalf to three railea of a railroad and a market in Richland and other countieeaat from f 12.50 to $20 per acre. In respect to the product the market is far frcm g.'utted, and the apples Bell read iiy. Orchards in this section do not bear every year. Indeed, if a crop is gotten every other year the prent is yery large. A case in point comes to mind. A gentleman bought forty acres of land within halt ' a mile of a railway station, and set it all in apple trees. When the Urs had crown to bearing size the orchard had cost him some 2,300, interest and all. Iiisürst crop netted hita SSOO. The uext j ear he had a failure, but in the third year the crop was sold on the trees at 2 This is bet one of many instances, aui stives to illustrate the working of the apple growir-g industry In that section. The soil of this region is unsurpassed for hayraisiog, which is not carried cn as extensively a the circumstances and the profit eeem to warrant. For other crops the soil is a fair average. Thus, a farmer who will put his surplus land into orchard, and can make both ends meet on tho ir.com 9 frrn his grain, grass and ttock, is in a fair position to lav by as'iEg6om every good apple year, Chicago, bt Loms and Cincinnati. together with the fcfouth, form the rxiartetj for this section. Milking the Cow. ITowa Homesteal. Binralar, isn't it, that this, the tint em ployment of us all, should be looked uoia oyBornemenas dgradincf xone. tnoaia. except foreigners and Southerners, I believe, are so highly exalted. I had a faith?ul Saede once, whom I persuaded to learn to milk ; but he was very cautious not to let any of his countrymen see him diraciag hlmSOli. If there is "but one riebt wav to do any thing," to sit down upon a stool, place the pail between your knees and drain the aider with both hands as soon as possible, seems to De mat one way to mils. And It seems as awkward to me to see a Westener Bqnat oown on his heel and mi;k with onehandin a enp as it was in the case of the natives of India, who always carry burdens on their Leads: who, when a railioad contractor farnished the in wheelbarrows, to rind them carrying dirt in them on their heads. For a man who has the practice and a good "grip," to milk ten cows per hear is bat a reasonable task. This seems to be some obstacle in the way of dairying in the Southern Slates the negrce3 and other natives caa't be utilized as milker?, and tbe jaloay of the cotton pickers is really excited at his Yankee innovation. Really, tbe greatest nuisance connectpd with rnilkmg is being pestered -iu fly-1' me, since the milker can not set a good example .W the cow nor improve hU own ten: par. I have, during my long and eventful career, had great snccees in my determination to find seme "remedy for every dilcalty," until the question of flies and cows' tails csree up for solution. Here my ingeauity and generalship are, in part, failur?x To hold the tail of the cow I am mtlk!n;r between the pail and my tcea l.i an easy jastter, except in one case, whare the dogs left one tail just the right length to batter my sensitive note and switch the tears out of my defenseless eyes. Here my "remedies" are all at fault. Also, when milking in the stable, tbe cow behind iae seems to have a determination to demonstrate that her tail is the nearest thing to a perpetual motion, and the fact that she wcrks my nervous sensibilities up to the highest pitch of torture only seems to add to her enjojment. If any appreciative reader can eend in a successful antidote for these exasperating afflictions he shall have a monument of lasting gratitade erected to h,s memory. HOCSEHOLO HINTS. Gem arabac, a half ounce; powdered gum trsgacantb, a half ounce; acetic acid, twenty drops, with an ounce and a half oi water, mixed together, will for a paste by which paper may be firmly fable aed to wood. Danish WafUas. One pound of butter, six eggs, a quarter of a pound of sugar, one pound ot Hour, one quart of milk; beat up the butter to a cream, and then ade to it, ia succession, the yelks of the eggs, the Coar. tbe milk (which should he warmed), and last of all. the whites of the egs, beaten toa snow. Cake In the usual way. The Caterer. German Rice-Wal Öles. Roil a halt -pound of rice in milk until it becomes thoroughly soft Tben remove it from the fire, stirring it constantly an 4 adding, a little at a time, one pound of flour, five beaten f ggs, two spoonfuls of yeact a half-pound of melted butter, little salt and a teacapful of warm milk. Set the batter in a warm place, and wben risen bake la the ordinary way. The Caterer. Apple Dumplings. Butter and fill a large deep pie platter with sliced apples. Placa over it a layer of biscuit dongh, catting a slit in center for the escape of air, and bake. When done loosen at the edges, and, turning a large dinner plate over it, turn them npside down, and yoa have it on the dinner plate; cnt same as pie. and eat with sweetened milk or cream. This way saves time, and makes a more palatable appearance on the table of having them wrapped in dou?h and decorated with the imprint of thecook'a finders. The Medical Uses of Eggs. For burns and scalds there is nothing more soothing than the white of an egg, which may be poured over the wound. It is softer as a varniaii for a barn than collodion, and, being always on hand, can be applied immediately. It is also more cooling than the "sweet-oil and cotton," which was formerly supposed to be tbe surest application to allay tbe smarting pain. It is the contact with the air which gives theextreme discomfort experienced from ordinary accidents of this kind, and anything which excludes air and prevents inflammation is the bes. thing to be at once applied. The egg is also considered one of the very beat remedies for

dysentery. Beaten np lightly, with or with 1

out er gar, and swallowed at a gulp, it tends, by its emollient qualities, to lessen the in flammation oi the stomacn ana intestines, and. by forming a transient cooling on these orgacs. to enable nature to assume her healthful sway over the diseased body. Southern Chicken, Pie. Boil a chicken uctilit is tender; tben take a deep earthen di&h and pot into it a layer oi chicken, well seasoned with batter, pepper and salt; then t ut a laver of cold boiled rice on this, and so cb until you have exhausted your resources, tatitg rare to nave a jsyer oi nee on iae top. I'ut this into tne oven ana lei n remam tbere until it is very not ana men serve. Whlrned Cream Pie. Make a enst of moderate richness; line a deep tin with it; bake qnicklv in a hot oven; when done snresd it with a layer of jelly or jam, first a th'D layer; then whip or-e tescnpini ot swfet cream until it is as light a? poible; sweeten with powdered sugar and flavor with vanilla: spread over the jelly Of iatn; ret tbe cream where it will get very cold be fore whipping. Baked Fish. Dress your fish nicely, salt to suit tbe taste, and lay it out flat in your nicely eressed pripping-pan, leaving the fie$h side up. Matter small pieces oi Doner on the fish, and then bake until done, from twtntv minutes to Jialt an hour, according to size of fish. Then pour over the hsh a teacupful of sweet cream and return to the oven until niceiy Drownea. a very not oven ib required to cock äsh in this way. Watr.es. One and a half pints of flon one teaspoonful of cream of tartar, one half uafrxjonfnl cf snda. two egg?, one pint oi milk, two tabl?epoonfcls of batter; mix tho flour, cream cf tartar and poda well together, aDd thea rub them through a siev; beat up the eggs unt. 1 very light, then add to them the milk and the butter, fir tt melting the latter in two tableapoonfulsof boinzwater. Bar this mixture into the Coar aiu bake in ' the usual way. The Caterer. EofaPilJow. When making a sofa pillow of the crazy patchwork be careful to pat tne brightest ami most striking pieces near the center. When tbe cuthion is made np the eCect is quite different from what it is when It is spread oat flat, and it is of more consequence that the center bhould be handsome than that the corners should. This, when reduced to writing, looks like a forecone conclusion; but it is not, as an unf ort urate pillow-maker can testify. öpiced Reef Tongue. Spiced besf tongue is a good diBh for supper. Make a mixture of half a pint of sugar, a piece of saltpetre the size of a pea, and a tablespoonful of ground cloves; rub this into the tongaa. Then make a brine of two quarts cf water and three-quarters ot a pound of salt, pat tbe tcDne into a jar and pour the brine ever it. See that tie tongue is entirely covered, and is kept well under. Let it lie m this p'okle for two weeks; then tAke it cut, rinse it in several clear waters. Make a thin paste cf flpnr and water, wrap the tongue in this, and put it into a dripping-pan to bake. It mest büke slowly, and it bhould be basted frequently with lard and water, or with half driprisgs and water. Waen done remove the past end tbe t kia ; let it become cold, then cat into slices, and rot too thin slices, either. Spanish "fc"; files. The rnodni operandi for Spanish wn'.ies does not differ materially from that of the ordinary waiUe. They are richer and are not sweet and a little more labcr is demanded in their manufacture. To rrske them, proceed as follows: Crem half a pound ol geed butter, adding by decrees, the beaten yelks of six es; beat these two togpthsr ta a thici cream, tben sift in ten ounces of flour, stirring all the time. Now whisk np the whites of the six eggs, and gently, but thoroughly etir in thos; next a3d milk to form a medium batter, adding vanilla or lemon favor. Lake this batter ia the usual wafilsircn in all cares seeing the irons are well buttered 1 warm when yon pour In the batter. fhouM you desire thete swoet, simply dihtolve fne powdered i.ugar in any quantity yon choose in the milk; two ounces would inske the foregoing quaatity sweet encugh. Batter each wailie as son as removed from ths iron, and dust (with a "dredger") with fine suar, or with s-ifjar with a little powdered cinnamon mixed in with it. Some would add tie zest of two lare lemons to the foregoing quan tify, in which case they would be called "French waffles." The substitution of nutmeg for cinnamon is approved by ccae. If you believe in "variety being charming" ycu can give a dish cf these, or even the ordinary plain waCles, a pretty appearance by mskirg them in different colors by first baking what you choose from th9 origlcal bitter, then dividing what remains into three parts and coloring one part yellow by tbe addition cf etrong saffron water; another pink by the addition of cochineal (a perfectly harmles). and iha remaining one brown by the addition of powdered cocoa or chocolate. To make these it is requisite to ohtain the most fancy design id wallie-irona. The foregoing wai'le mixture will also make a very fine "psnish puff," or "Vanity," as it is railed, by dropping and cooking them in boiling fat -The Caterer. F Alt 31 NOTES, Now that the new year is in, every farmer should keep strict accounts and also a diary. YouDg pigs always sell for good prices, andreturn a larger profit ia proportion to cost than hogs. It i3 said that if apples are covered with buckwheat chaff they will keep well, and do not freesa as easily as when straw, sawdust of earth are used. A common herd, 11 cared for. will often Yieiu Deuer returns tnaa a grade or pnreDiooued one where the owner places more confidence in blood and pedigree thaa he does in good care and management. John Hernsberger, of Kansas, sowed one and a half bushels on three acres and harvested 135 bushels of good wheat. This is at the rete of foity-five bushels per acre and ninety oasneis lor every bushel of B6ed sown. With fat cattle at seven cents per pound, a breeder finds that in feeding four pounds of corn and fodder together, cut fine, with two pounds of linseed meal to each steer, the corn alone brings about seventy cents per bushel. Warm and dry quarters are a necessity for the successful wintering of sheD in the Northern States. Wet weather injures sheep more than any other stock, because the wool retains water a long lime, and its slow evap oration cuius tne animal. Two main Daint in a food farm wivnn nri lowness, to tave lifting, and a cut-nnder, for convenience in turning. The latter, how ever, calls for very low fore wheels, and the low wheels call for bprings, to modify the suddenness of the lift over obstacles. Mr. J. Eaton, writing to the Fruit Bscorder, minus mat ne eps ine curcuilo away irom his plums by smeklng the trees after ine iruit seta, and continuing for two mouths every week with sulphur. A little coal-tar in the sulphur has been found to an advan tage. bheen enable the farmer to nn certain kinds of provinder that would not be salable without their aid. Hence, supposing that snecp do not return any profit at all, which, nowever, is not admitted, vet If they assist in saving that which ia often wnsted they Pj wen xer weix aeep. An English poaltfyman says that on tha first appearance of gapes make a quart of oaimeat porridge, stir into it a tallow candle, and administer it warm to the chickB. Re peat the remedy every two hours. lie states that he has never lort a chick from gapes waen me aoove was auminwte red. Lvery crop we grow upon oar farms makes its demand for lime, and if our crops are to hi produced in a luxuriant condition, and if we are to secure abundant produce, there must be a sufficient supply existing in the soil in a condition readv for acting as plant food. For this purpose lime is quite ready after it has eerved ail its other duties ic hta than become changed into the original condition of carbonate, c d hence it is that,

whether lime has been burned or rat it is

in both stages competent for this duty. The cellar should be kept strictly clesn. as decaying vegetable matter is often a source of disease. The following is the weights of som9 of the prize fowls at the Birmingham (Eng.) show: Ayletburg duck-, 22 pounds per pair: Kowen ducks, 22 pounds 4 ounr-s per pair; Tekln ducks. 17 pounds 8 on: per pair; geese, 49 ponrds rer pair; tc - y-cocks (single), 34 pcurds; turkey hens, iu pounds. Mr. Heniy S ewart in Home and Farm, fays the etcutcheon has been s apposed or relieved to be an indication of all the good qualities of a cow. This is a wholly extreme Viiw of it, fcr no matter how fine the escutcheon may be. It will never be a substi tute for a good udder or copious abdomen. A pr od fertilizer for pot-p'ants is one ounce of csrbcnate of ammonia dissolved in a cation of water, which should be soft Water the plants well with it a lew weeks and you will be surprised at the way they will grow. The article can be bonght at the druggist's frt fifty cents per pound. Keep the toil In the pets loose. An English experimeater says that a single grain of wheat has produced thirty-nine ears, containing in all 2,8W grains, and that three of the largest of the ears had, respectively, 104, 103 and 101 erains. His experience corroborates that of Professor B ount, who states that wheat is more easily improved than any other plant Dissolve ore pound of copperas In two f allocs of water, and add to it one gill of suij huric acid ; teen add one ounce ot paosprate of foda, and the same quantity o! corrmcn alt Tour a tablespoonful ot this rrixture in a quart of drinking water, and vcu will give tbe fowls a splendid and cheap tonic It invigorates and wards oil disease. Jn skimming the cream from milk, thee should always be milk enough saimraed with the cream' to give tbe batter, wh?n tfhurr;ed,a bright, clear lock. Batter churned from clear cresra, with litt e or no milk in it, will penally have an ouy or shiny loos. This hews that the grain of the outter is in jnred. which affects the keeping qualities cf tbe batter. for years raJ has been the preferred color of Shorthorns in this country. But in England rcan is the popular color, in the prizering and everywhere. Roan is the trademark of tke Ehorthorns, and we are pleased to eee it again averting itself lor popularity in this country, but it is better to ignore color and breed fcr beef. Western Agriculturist A writer la th6 Coaatry Gentleman says that it ccsts to plant, cultivate, mulch and get into bearina an acre of strawberries 8bout b0, aad 50 to ?X to harvest and p!1 tbe crop, sometimes leaving a proht of ?"Jtu. Tbe crop is, however, subject to as many un certainties as a crop of wheat and the expense is & large in proportion perhaps in one case as in the ether. Very rich and heavy soils are in most esses irferior to th8 loamy gravelly soils for frnst giowin. On . these lighter soila the tTef s ripen their wood better, grow less rapidly aEd give better llavored fruit than those crown on very rich soils. Usually the best fruit lards are those which pre naturally lipht, but which are kept up by a jadicioas system of cultivation and manuring. Colorado recognizes in Its statutes the aJv n tage 9 of good breeding, and discourages the wasteful foily of breediDg from scrubs, by enccting a law that "no bull unless he bo as gTKid as half or quarter thoroughbred shall be allowed to run at large on the public do-, rusin." Tho example is one that all States might follow with great benefit to owners ot stoci: and to humanity generally. It is a great mistake to select a he.tvy ciay soil for a garden. It is too cold and wet, and early crops can net be raised upon it. It would be better to abandon such a location then to attempt to imprcva it, if it Is possible to do so. because it would ccst too much to remedy the defects of such' a soil. The course of treatment necessary wonld be to thoroughly underdraia it, to spade it over two feet deep. Grains of all kinds, including eyeay variety of trees and vegetables, are composed of certain gases, acida and dissolved mineral substances, which they absorb from the soil, together with a large per cent of carbonic acid inhaled from the air, which, by the acid of the direct action ot the sun, is changed into carbon. The elements that make up each variety and order of vegetables Ciller in quantity and quality. Onions can not be kept well in a damp etiler. The secret of keeping onions is to wave tbem thoroughly dry wben they ar put m the cellar, and keep tbsm eo. Also keep themccol. Onions that are not wanted until late whiter or early spring may be 6tored in a dry loft and covered with a foot or more of bay cr straw. In this posifion, if the weather is to'erably even, they will remain frozm all winter, and may be used as desired . They should not be thawed oat until wanted. A correspondent ot the North British Agriculturist, published in Edinburg, writes very discouragingly of tie British farmers1 prcspects, declaring that, were it not for tbe straw, wheat would cease to be worth grcwiEg. High rents and expensive manuring, combined with low prices, are starving out the wheat grower. The average prices of the year are the poorest cn record, nine ty-three and one-fourth cents per bushel being "the miserable price," using the wri ter s own language. Marl ia carbonate of lime, as the common limestone is. Heat drives out the carbonic acid and leaves the lime pure calcium oxide, cr quick lime, and this ellect is produced equally with marl or limestone. Marl can te burned in kilns or pita built up with logs and wocd in the same way that limestone is burned. The burning is all that h required to produce the lime. Marl, being less solid, requires less burning than stone. Two or three days burning is suffiicient to make the lime. The flavor of cheese is the most essential requisita in the composition of the finest quality. This subtle element is dependent upon eontingencies, many of which do net come under tbe control of the cheeeemaker, such as food and drink of cows, the absorption cf odors from impure surroundings, improi er keeping and treatment of warm milk, etc., and, during tho process of making, the treatment of both milk and curd has a decided effect in de terming the flavor of the product. Gieen food is fully as essential for poultry in winter as in summer. Their confinement to dry food during the continuance of cold weather goes far to account for tbe scarcity of eggs it this reason of the year. Fresh winter eggs are always ia demand and bring a good: price in every markt Hens, like cows, should be producers as well as consumers during the cold months of winter. Farmers, as well as fanciers, shonld have a supply ot green food safely stored away for the winter use of poultry. An Irish paper eays that 1 pound ot flesh, without waste, may "be produced by feeding an animal on 3 pounds of decorticated cotton cake or 4 pounds of linseed cake. It may also be produced from i pounds of rape cake, frcm VA pounds beans, from bi pounds nn decorticated cotton cake, from bi pounds oats, from 8 pounds maize, from 45 pcunds beans, or from 130 pounds turnips. It also claims that 1 pound of flesh can be made from 3ö pounds of the best praes, from 30 pounds of clover, cr from 8 to 10 pounds of hay. Dr. Ogsion, of Aberdeen, describes a ca'e of scarlet fever in a canary.

Nothing: Made la Vain. We are told that nothing was made in vain; but what can be said of the fashionable girl of the period? Isn't she maiden vain? Hood's Sarsaparilla Is made in Lowell, Mass., where there are more bottles of it sold than of any other sarsaparilla or blood parifier. And it is never &ken in vain. It purifies the blood, strengthens the system, aEd gives new life and vigor to tbe entire body. 100 dC6C3 $U T-nl . . . i-r "jrx. .."71

THE LIBERTY BELL.

A History of the Casting that Proctatmed Liberty Throughout the Land. The Philadelphia News gives some interesting particulars of the history of the IndePBdnce Bell that is to be sent to the World' Exposition at New Orleans as a feature of the Philadelphia exhibit The order for the bell was given in 1751. Tbe State House of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, work on which had been euspenied fcr a number of years, was then approaching completion. The lower floors were already occupied by tbe Eapreme Court in the chamber, while in the other assembled the Freemen cf the Province of Pennsylvania, then consisting of one Doay. a roninmiee wu appumbau by the Freemen, with Peter Norris as Chairman, and empowered to have a new bell cast for tbe building. The commission for tne bell was in the same year awarded to Robert Charles, of London, the specification beim that the bell should weigh about 2,000 pounds and coet 100 sterling. It was to be made by the best workmen, to he examined carefully before being shipped, and to contain, In well-bhaped letters around it, the inscription: "By order r.f the Province of Pennsvltanis, fer the State House in the City cf Philadelphia, 152 " An order was given to piaco underneath this the fateful aad prophi tic words frcm Leviticus, xxv., 10: "Proclaim liberty throughout the land, and to all the inhabitants thereof." The reason for the selection of this text has been a subject cf much conjecture, bat tbe tree reason is apparent when the full text is read. It is as follows: "Aud ye shall hallow tbe fiftieth year and proclaim liberty throughout the laud and to all the inhabitants thereof." In eelecting the text the vood Quakers had in memory the arrival of William Perm and their fore lathers mora than Laif a century before. In Aueust, 1752, the bell arrived, but though in apparent good order, it was cracked by a stroke of the clapper while being tested. It could not be sent back, as the captain of the vessel who had brought it over could not take it on board. Two skillful workmen undertook to recast the bell, wbici. on being opened, revealed a bell wh?ca pleased very much. But it wa also found to be defective. The original bell was considered too high, and a quantity of copper was added to the composition, but too much copper was added. There were a great maoy witicisms on account of the second failure, and tbe ingenious workmen undertook to recast the bell, which they successfully did, and it was placed in condition in June, 1753. On Monday, the Sih of July (not ths 4th) at noon, true to its motto, it rang out the nieniorable menage of "Liberty throughout tbe land and to all the inhabitants thereof." For fifty years the bell continued to be rnr on every festival and anniversary until it eventually cranked. An ineffectual attempt was mads to causa it to continue serviceable by enlarging the cause Oi its dissonance and cbipping the edge9. It wa? removed from its posiVon in the tower to a lower story, and only used on occasions of public torrow. such ai too deaths of ex-Presidents and statesmen. Subsequently, it was placed en tho original timbers in the vestibule of the State Hoae, and in 1S73 it was suspended in a prominent position Immediately beneath where a larger tell presented to the city in 187(1 now pre claims the passing hours. IMPORTANT TO DOCTOflj. Jin Extraordinary Surgical Opening a Mau'u Skull aud OperationCutting Oat a Tumor. London Timea-l Lokpo:, Dec. l'J. While tbe Bishop of Oxford and Irofessor Raskin were on somewhat intangible grounds, denouncing vivisection at Oxford last Tuesday afternoon there sat at cue of the windows of the Hospital for Epilepsy and Paralysis in Kepent's Park in an invalid chair, propped up with pillows, pale and careworn, but with a hopefal smile on his face a man who could have spoken a really pertinent word on the eubject, and told the right reverend prelate and great art critic that he owed his life, and his wife aud children their rescue from bereavement and penury, to some of these experiments on living animals which they so roundly condemned. The case ot this ma -has been watched with intense interest by the medical profession, for it is of a unique description, and inaugurates a new era in cerebral surgery ; and, now that it has been brought to a successful issue, it esems desirable that a brief outline of it should be placed before tbe general public, because it illustrates vividly the benefits that physiological explorations may confer on mankind, ahows how speedily useful fruit may be gathered from researches undertaken in the pursuit of knowledge and with no immediate practical aim, and reveals impresiively the precision and yeiacity of modern medical science. This case, then this impressive aud illus srative esse is that of a man who, when admitted to the hospital for epilepsy and paralyses, presented a group of eymptoras which pointed to tumor of the brain a distressing and hitherto necessarily fatal malady, for the diaznosis or recognition of which we are indebted to bedeid8 experince and pest mortem examination. Bat while clinical and pathological observations have supplied us with knowledge which enables us to detect the existence of tumors of the brain, they have not afforded ns any ciew to the situation of these morbid growths in the brcin-masj, and it was not until Professor Ferrier had, by his experiments on animals, demonctrated the realization of sensory and motor functions in the erebral hemispheres that the position of .ty diseased process by which they might be invaved could be definitely determined. By the light cf these experiments it is now possible in many instances to map out tbe feat of certain pathological changes in those hemisperes with as much neicety and certainty as if the skull and its coverings and linings had become transparent, so that the surface of the brain was exposed to direct inspection. And thus in the case to which I am referring Dr. Hughes Bennett, under whose care the patient was, guidd by Eerrier'a experiments, skillfully interpreted the palsies and convulsive movements which the man exhibited and deduced from them that a small tumor was lodged at one particular point in his "dome of thought" and was silently and relentlessly eating it3 way into surrounding textures. Not more surely do the figetings of the electric needle intimate their origin and convey a meaning to the telegraph clerk than did the twltchings of this man's muscles announce to Dr. Hughes Bennett that a tumor of limited dimensions was ensconced at a particular point of a particular fold or convolution of the brain tbe ascending frontal convolution on tbe right side. Very brilliant diagnosis this, it may be remarked, and nothing more. The patient had the position in which he stood faithfully explainded te him. lie was told that be labored under a malady which medicines were powerless to touch, and that if left unassisted ne mast die in a few months at latest after prolonged sufferings similar to those which had already brought him 4o the verge of exhaustion, and which could only be partially alleviated by drugs; but that cne outlet of escape, narrow and dangerous, but still an outlet, was open to him in an operation of a formidable natn.e and never before performed on a human being, under which he might perhaps sink and die, but from whioh he might perhaps obtain complete relief. The can, who had faith in his doctor and no fine-hpun scruples about availing himself of the results of vivisectlonal discoveries, eagerly chose the operation. The 25th ult., accordingly, Mr. uodlee, surgeon to University College Hospital, in the midst of an earnest and anxious band of medical men, made an opening in the scalp, skull and brain-membranes of this man at tbe point where Dr. Hughes Bennett had placed his divining finger, the point corresponding with the convolution where he declared the peccant body to be, and where sure eroneh it was discovered. In the substance of the brain,

ixi'.tly where Dr. Hughes Bennett had predicted, a tumor the tizn of a walnut wai found a tumor which Mr, Godlee removed without difficulty. The man is now convalescent having never had a bad symptom, aEd.the full of gratitude tor the relief Herded him. He has been snatched from the grave and from much Buffering:, and there is a good prospect that be will be restored to a life of coiafort and use'ulness. In that case he will be a living monument of tbe value cf vivisection. The medical profession will declare with one voles that he owes his life to Fern'er's experiments, without which it would have been impossible to localize his rtaiady or attempt its removal, and that his case opens up new and far-reaching vistas of hopefulness in brain icrpery. Many men aud women will henceforth, there is reaeon to anticipate, be eave d from prolonged torture and death by a kind cf treatment that has been made practicable by tbe sacrifice, under anesthetics, ot a few rabbits and monkeys. I am, sir, your obedient servant. F. R. 8.

CrKIOCS, USiFTJL AMD BC1EH IIFIC. According to Mr. J. Harrington Douty. of the asylum at Worcester. England, an imperfect supply of oxvgen, or simply breathing a vitiated atmc.-' ere, may 6Utfice to produce the mental dit.der knwn as melancholia. Dr. Koch, of Berlin, is reported to have succeeded ia producing genuine cholera in rabbits by meanj of the bacilli, which he tas n guided as the cause of the disease. TobTib8 physicians, Is'icati and Kitach, claim to have met with earlier success in this irr portact f speriment than Dr. Koch. Botanists have evidence that trees may attain very long lives. The age of an elm has been estimated at 335 sears; that of some pains at from 000 to 700 years; that of an olive tree at 700 years; of a plane tree at 720; of ae?ar at 800; of an oak at 1,500; of a yew e: 2,80; of a taxodium at 4,000,and cf a baobi b tree at 5,000 years. TqtI? 'trie reasons wall-paper should not be ; ie either air or water tight The P?i ' t.-, viit walls is like clothes on the pertin.; -n.d The walls of the house should have fit i-teiccurse with the open air. When the paper is water-proof tbe dampness of the walls is ir creased and prolonged, Injuring health and producing other evils. Professor It S. Ball, astronomer royal of Ireland, declared it to be his belief the tne mat ses of stone andiron which fall to the earth as meteorities were originally thiown out by terrestrial volcanoes at a remote period in cur planet's geological history. It so, the liferents must have been projectel beyond the influence of the earth's attraction by explosions giving them the tremendous initial velocity of six miles a second. The whale feeds by putting its gigantic strainer into operation as It swims throan the sboa's cf minute molluscs, crustacean e ad fishes which are constantly found at tbe fcrfa of the sea. Opening its capacious r-otl 'j aid allowing trie sea-water with Us multitudinous tenants to fill the oval cayity, tbe whale shuts its lower jaw upon its horny plates, and straini; tne water throupü tnem, swallows the u j stranded upon its vast tongue. The oldest known laad animal is a scorpion recehtly foend iy Profe3-or O. Lindstrom in the uppermost layer of the Silurian rocks of Gothland, 8 wenden. This fossil scorpion has, like existing ones, seven segments in the tail, the last shaped into a sting, and seven abdominal segments. There are eijrbt legs, and both the great claws, or pal pi still remain. Tbe legs diLer from thoe oi existing scorpicn9in endmsin a point in stead ot claws. Tbe air-breathing nature of the animal is made evident by the preserva tion of its atigma. or breathing hale, on the right side. It will be rememoered ttat ail Silurian animals hitherto discovered have been fishes, Crustacea, molluscs, crabs, rpoug es, etc. all of th-m aquatic animals, vet ge olcghts have always supposed that land, and probably land animals, must bave evisted in Silurian ages. The sea, the estuary and the like embalm their dead in sediments, but the land fails to do tnis, and hence the absence cf fossil examples of land animals in any iorroation doe3 not prove the non-existence of such animals. Dr. Hahn, a recent German writer, enu rfrates ninety-six more or le38 extensive lacts known to be sinking or rising. The Island of Jersey, one of the Channel Islands, had no existence in Ptolemy's time, and was probably not fully cut on from the conti rent before the fourth or fifth century. Prof. Hull, from hia researches on the spot con eludes that the land between the Saez aad the Bitter Lake has risen since the exodot. There may thus bave existed at that time s tract wbich at times was overflowed. Ben sett Island has risen 100 feet in recent times. Nordenekiold found upon elevated terraces in Martin's Island the remains of whales which had been killed by the early Dutch whale-fishers. With the knowledge of these and rxany other changes such ai the recant appearance of a new island off Iceland, the formation aud disappearancec of two is lands near Krakatoa, and the upbsavel of t new volcano as an appendage to Bog03'of Island, Behring Sea it will not do to neg lect tbe Chinese tradition that the hot Lake of Issyk-kul, in Turkiataa, was formed by a convulsion of nature some lw years aco: nor even the Japanese legend that the majestic volcano, Fuslyama, (11,000 feet high) was suddenly thrown up three centu ries before Christ UNITED STATES MIXT. The Director of the Mint Make His ncal Statement. Au Washington, Jan. 11. The Director of the Mint has made his annual statement Tbe coinage, less recoinage, has been, gold, $23, 726.852; silver. $28.119 978; imoorta Unite! States coin, gold, $4,23'J,S75; silver, $7-3,15'J; total gain. $57,491,643. He estimates that $4,875,000 United States gold, and $216,000 in silver coin were melted in the manufact ures and arts, and 6,000,000 trade dollars. constituting a part of the silver circulation in previous years, has been withdrawoZfrooi circulation. The exports were, Lnited States cold coin, $11,878,154; silver coin. $522,431fnt eain in gold coin. $11,213,573; silver coin. 922.106,67. This added to his estimates makes tbe . total amount in the country January 1, ISO. He makes a circa latlon that on the 1st of January, 1S35, there will be $563,000,000 in gold, and $204.000,090 in silver, making a total of $827,000,000. A comparison with tbe corresponding amounts of paper In the United States, used as money or as representatives of coin, shows at the close of the year an increase in gold certificates of $28,599,232; silver certificate", $28,269,680, and a decrease in bank notes of $21,324,206; net increase, over $35,000,000. Gold bullion in the mints awaiting coinaee on the first of the present month. $63.422,647; a reduction of about $3,000,000 from the previous year. Saddle of Mutton. Something odd, yet very fine when properly prepared, is a saddle of mutton when cooked in this way: WaBh well, inside and out with vinegar. Hang to dry in a cool place for two days.and then sponge again with vinegar. Repeat this process three times a week for a fortnight, keeping the meat hung in a cool place and covered. When ready to cook put it over to roast, basting for the first hour with butter and water, afterward with the gravy. Keep the meat covered with a large tin pan for two hours. If the Baddle is large it may require four hours to cook. Wben cooked as it should be, it has the taste of venison. Butchers will put the saddle of mnttoa aside and keep until it is wanted, if it is not convenient to have the meat in tbe house. That Sams It Up. We could use all sorts of extravannt words about the effects of Farkers's Hair Ealesra. But the simple truth ia enough. It is tbe beet thing ef its kind. Cures fallin? hair, dandruü, dryness, restores original co'or, is a delicious drepsing and perfectly pure and clean. It will satisfy ycu. The only standard 50 cent dressing.

IRi. x. 3E?i

Radway's eiicf The Cheapest and Best 51 edicine FDH FAE51LT OSE IM THE KD3LD CUKES AM) PilEYENrS Coughs, Colds, Sore Threat Hoarseness, inflammation, Rheumatism, flsuraljlaj Headache, Tccihacbs, Diphtheria, (nfiuenz&, Oiftcult Breathing; It was the flrtt and ia the only 7hat Instantly stops the wort ex.Tuciatin? palnq alieys InCammaUon and enre Coii'Uona, wnetheroftbe Langs, Stomach. Boweli or a t&J glands or organs, by one application. In From One to Twenty Minuttil Ko matter how violett or excrnciatine the paid the Bhenmatlc, beJ-rlllen, Infirm, Crlrpl-5i Nervous, li'eurallc or pro&trated w-U dl&eaM tnaj tner. RADWAY'S READY BELIE? WILL AFFOSD IS3TANT EA8JL InFamt&atloa cl the Kidneys. Inflammation eS the BludJer, Inflammation ol tie Bowels, Congo Hon of the Lungs, Palpitation of the Eeart, Hysteric. Croup, Diphtheria. Catarrh, Infiaeua Kervonenem. bit pleraneM, Bheumatlsxa. Kriauo Fains in the Chest, back or Limbs, änuaass Brraina, Cold Chills and Agne Chills. The application of theBKtuV BEUEftl the part or part 'wKzre tne d:f&culty or pain ea lets will afford eaire and comfort. 1 hirt7 to sixty drops in half a tumbler o! watei will in a few minutes cure Cramps, fcpans, 80 Stomach, EcanLnrn. sick Heartache, Diarrhee Uyseniery, Colic, lud In the fcoweia, and all la temal pains. Travelers should always carry a bottle of Kafl wf'm Ready Klief with them. A lew drape ta watet wiii prevent tlcaness or ralii from cfcasK of water. It is better than Fraica ürandy ox Bisters as a stimulant. iVS A LA R I A, In Ita Various Forms, FEVER and AGUE; nVER and AGU erred for M oetsta, There Sa not a reaetjlal aceDt !n th world that will curl FpTer andAmie scd all othe Malcriou. Pllioa, Bcarlet, and other Fevers (alaed ty KADWAY'sl riXJ so quicxiy as KADWAi'S ItKADY RELIEF. Virty Cent Per Ilottl. Sold by all Drn3 gists. OB. KADWAY'S Sarsaparij5iisQ Resolves!. Pnre blood a-aar, -cond flcwh, strong broe an a clear akin. 11 yon iull have your CtjuU cna your boses sound, wlraout carie, and your camplexion fair, ue iJLL'WAra BASAPAL1LUAJ &KSOLV'T, tho Great Blood Purifier j bALSB AND TRUE. We extract from Dr. Eadway'a "Treatise cn in eaaeund Its Care," as follows: List of dlseaaaj cored by CB. HAD WAIT a BABSAFABILLI&If HE30LVEH 7 Chronic sktn fllve, cartes of the bone, human of the blood, scrofulous diseases, syphlliua complaints, fever sores, chronic or o d ulcers, salt rheam, rickets, white swelling, scs.ll head, cana ers, gUndnlar sweliincs. nodes, wasting and decay ot tbe body, pimple and blotches, tacaors djgpepeU, kidney and bladder diseases, chroaid rbenmata Kuis consumption, pravel and calculous deposits, and varieties of tte abova complaints, to which sometimes are given epeoloos a&mcs. In caK'i were tbe system bas beca salivated, and xnurcurf h&a accumulated anl become deposited in the bonos, joints, etc.. caosisj caries of tbe bones, rickets, spinal curvature, contortions, white swellings, varicose veins, cm., the Barsaparillia will resolve away those deposHs aud exterminate the virus of the disease Iroza Inj system. A CHEAT C0NSTITOTI05AL EEIEDI Ekln aifleases, femora, mcers and sores ot am kinds, particularly chronic diseases ol the sktut are cured with treat certalaty by a conrne of DM KADWAY'S 8AESAPAR1LUAN. We racaa 0!' nate oases that have resisted all other treatment. SCROFULA Whether transmitted rrom parents or acquixec, D within the curative range of the SARSAPAMLLIAX RES0LYEXT. It possesses tbe sane wonderful power m curinf the worst forms of strumous and eruptive discharges, syphiloid ulcers, sores of the eye, ears nose, mouth, thront, slanJs, extenaia&t:nz thj vims of theee chronic forms of disease fron tha blood, bones. Joints, and In every part of 16 e bo man body where tbere exlota diseased deposits, ulcerations, tumors, hard Iujet or ecrofclous inflammation, this ereat and powerful remoJj will exterminate rapid) y and permanently. One bottle contains more of the active priucl pies of medicine thin any other prcr-aratlon. Taken In teamonfnl doses, wbüe ethers require, five or six times as much. OSE DCLLAB Fa LOTTLE. Soil by fixusgistai

Ready

DR. RADWAV3 REGULATING PILLS m Hi Great LiTtT zzi Stach Benrdj. Perfectly 1 tasteless, elegantly coated; pu:fi regulate, pnrLr, cleanse and rirensrthea. Dr. Badway's Pill, for tne enra ot ail disorders of the Btomach, Liver, Bowels, Kilcen Bladder, Nervoua Diseases, Losa cf Appetite Headache, Constipation, Costlveneei, Indlraetlcnl Pynpevsia, Biliousness, Ferer, Inflammation ci the Bowels, Files, an J all 0 erat semen u of tbe Internal viscera. Purely vegetable, contalnlrt OJ mercury, minerals, cr deleterious Crust. Prioe 25 Cental Fer Box. field toy all äraalrti. DYSPEPSIA Kad way's BanftprUll.n, aided by Kadway) nils, is a cure for this complaint. It restore atreosrth to the stomach, and makes it periorca la functions. The rymptoms of dyspepsia dlsappotr and with them the liability of the system to car tract disease. Take tbe medicine according V4 the directions, and obrerve what we say la "Itltt and True" respecting diet, "Read False andTa-uo." Bend a letter stamp to RADWAT a CO., Jo. n Warren street, Bew York. Information wona thontrnls will be sent to yon. . TO THE rUBLIO. tare and sir fcr Bad way's, and see thai Ifca name "Jiadwar: u M Wba J8a au.

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