Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 30, Number 42, Indianapolis, Marion County, 19 November 1884 — Page 6

THE INDIANA STATE BENÜNEL WEDNESDAY. KOYEMBEK 19 1884

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OCR FAR3X BÜDGET.

X Jene j Cow'a RemartaWe TielJJtoVa Fruit Fdrm. iJew l.Iettcd of Proeorvlnff Grapsa Berne Simple Trotts Tüo Ago of Trees. M-e ef Preerlng Eirgs F.emeil V la O.icten Cholera Household Hints -Farm Note, Etc. A Jersey Cow's KemarkaTile Yle!;l. Ttat a con1 should produce G3 po-uJj an I 12; ; ouncd of batter C saUel and reidy for the market; ia seven days is scarcely to bs credited, and yet such is the ccial test of the Jersey cow Mary Anne of St. Laoibert's, Owned by Mr. Delancey FcIIo, of Hamilton. Ont. The teat was not made by her owner, but under the direction of a committee of experts appointed by the Jersey cattle breeders, and the cow was plaoed entirely In their pessersion for the period of one wees. Oa the morning of September 23. at C:Z0 a. in., the cotf was milked dry, and the first milking for the test Wil done at C:30 p. m. of the same day, the cow being milked regalarly at C:3D ia the morning and at the same hoar ia the evening of each day daring the week of the te3t. The milk was locked in a creamer and the look sealed, except at Bach times as it was personally attended to daring the several processes to which it was subjected. The milk was so rich that one of the committee stated that it tad the appearance of being entirely cream. The milk was churned twice daring the treek, each churning consisting of Beven zcilkings. The first churning required. one hour and a quarter from the time the milk went into the churn to the time at which it was gathered, and the product in better was 17 pounds and 1 1 ounces, tm Baited, but worked. The second churning was done in one hour and live zninntea, producing is pounds and 17Jj ounces of uai alte 1 butter, the total amount of nnsalted butter in seven dayabeins? 35 pounds and ??; ounces. Salt was added to the butter in ibe proportion of one ounce of salt to each pound of butter, and the butter reworked, the first churning producing 1. ponndj and 7 'bounces of salted and reworked batter, while the second churning produced pounds V. i ounces, or a total of 3G pounds and I2)i ounces o! salted butter ready for market. This famous cow will be six years old next llarch, and dropped her last calf in July. Uuring the teat the committee allowed hr owner to feed her as he deemed best. At the beginning of the test her daily allowance tad been twenty quarts ground oats, tn quarts pea meal, three quarts ground oilcake, two quarts wheat bran, or a total of thirty-five quarts of ground feed, and this was increased to fifty quarts per day during the test, the composition, however, bairnr varied. A few root cabbage and apples were alto allowed. Her appetite was always good and she was fed from five to seven times a day. She was allowed, also, the privilege cf a scanty clover pasture. The total amount of milk yielded was :113 poand, or at tie rate of thirty-live pounds per dsy. The yield of nnsalted butter was a fraction over five pounds per day. Seven pjunda of milk (about three and one-half quarts) produced one poucd of butter, and, as the committee stated, the milk was, therefore, exceedingly rich in cream. There are several matters connected with this test to which we wish to cill attention. rim, itai me cow naa an excellent appoute, ana was capable of assimilating her fcod. Although the amount consumed was enormous, vet she fulfilled the same service that would have been required of several ordinary caws. She is a costly animal in one respect, for at the rate of fifty pounds of food daily she used 3-30 pounds daring the week, bat every tea pounds of food produced one i ound of butter, without estimating the buttermilk, which possesses a certain value. Fhe Is economical, however, from the fict ttat the enables her owner to dispense with tfce extra room, care and attention that irrst be be?tcwed ca a number of cows In order to et the same results as were derivel freni her. It will be noticed that ths first churning did not give a3 much butter ai the second, nor wai the time of churning the same, although the was treated in the same manner as at the beginning. Ilere we conclude that no aveiae caa be male as to th9 ability of an animU to produce a certain amount of batter for stated periods, yet th.9 quantity of miik used at each churning was nearly the same. Intimating the thirty-six pounds and twelve and one-fourth ounces of butter at thirty cents per pound, we have about 11, while the coat of feed may be tslaced at about one cent a pound, thereby yielding a large proüt KoV Frait Farm. Elia Guernsey ia Ne York Tribmi. Like an oasis in a desert, eo Hob's fruit farm looked to me when I first saw it one noonday in summer, near the "Nation'' line. Great eld3 of corn and plentiful harvests of wheat I had eeen until the eye tired of sight in the new prairie settlement. "Yes," Faid my guie, this farm attracts the attention of everybody; it's the work of a boy. If it was not for Rob's fruit his folks would be badly o:T, as his father's shiftlesi. But we'll lariat the ponie3 aai stop here a bit: Rob's from the East, too." Hob's mother was a brisk, cheerful little woman, who bad her hanas full caring lor her larse family of boys. Rcb came in to welcome us, a slim, active boy of not more than fifteen. J "Will you walkout and see Rob's orchards and berry patches?" asked the mother, as Rob respectively led the way. Trees, flowers, and small fruits all about the yard, and these were luxuries ia this new land. Never did orchards and fruits delight me as these. Great russett pears, blood-red and pink-cheeked peaches, apples yellow, red nd striped, glowed like bright jewels ttrarjgh the ereen foliage. "There isn't another like it in all this country," said the father, who had followed ns out. "When Rob was a little boy of seven he had a great desire to plant things, and when we made np our minds to come West he began to save up seeds of flowers and fruits. Why, he had a flour sack tilled, and many a fine cherry, peach and apricot stene went into that bsg, and the neighbors helped him fill it. I must say it bothered me at the time, an' I says what's the good o' such foolishness? Those who planted fruit trees, especially rherry, plum, and peach stones, will not live to see them bear, Bat Ilib hung on to his seed and slips through thick and thin. It was early spring when we got here, sn' things looked pretty blue for a poor roan with a big family an no money, an' nnbroken prairie isn't the most enconragin' ight in the world under such circumstances. I rxanaged to break the sod and paid no attention to Hob's plantln' and diggin and f endin'. I had all I could do to keep starvation away. The time grew worse for ns, bat I had to stay, as I could not raise monsy enough to get back. The first thing I knew, Hob's strawberries, currants and gooseberries and raspberries were bearin and Rob was walkin to town eight miles to sell 'em, which he did an at high prices. My Rot is a good boy," and the sallow features glowed with fatherly pride as he looked after the lad who had been called to another part of the orchard.

"v7e bad dlnr er under the shade of those trees, PEd only those in a new and prairie iiVIw r.n arxre elate tte luxury real trees

are to the tired traveler in midsummer. Evidences of thru ton erj W-f-fi armed women were gauuiuB u..-- -- - ma: mal8de peaches ana appies. .s grew and fruited afcunuanuy in .u rica SC'' "Ore has only to g?ve the nVif a chanie to grow, for it's a grand Country for fruit," said Rob. From a desire ".oYlant things' great good can?e to an iirvöverished family. When the little Rob planted his breal and batter, ho?icg to prow enough fo: tha other hungry nwiths tbat were too numerous tor comfort in the poor home, the laugh at his expends ard failure cf his "crop" did net crash his planting mania. lie has planted, pruned, tended, anl reaped wisely and well, as fortunately braze and 5tgu3 rrorkers cannot prosper without uplifting ethers less strong than themselica. . . Ons t-ecnlisritv of all prane orchards is ILa; the tress lean and in the same direstion, and never erow large. The nurssrjmsn in planting trees (orchards) do not incline tlem, the prairie wind would soon blow them crooked. In time these unbroken prairies will boast fine orchards and shade trees, but at this period a nne oia oik or beech would make glad many who loved the trees in tue old home. New Method of Preservtag Grapes. A Taris horticultural journal gives a new process for preserving grapes fresh for sev eral months, that is worth trying. It is an improvement on the process now extensively emrloved in France, by which the stems are immersed in bottles of water to prevent shriveling. The inventor of the process is a nurseryman of Yillier3. He describes it as follows: "Cut the shoot, with the clusters attached, sharpen the lower end to a point. and etick it into a potato. I spread the bunches out on straw or dry hay, so that they shall not touch each other. Thus prepared, theee shoots keep quite as well as if the thoots with the bunchea attached were inserted in bottles filled with water." It is probably essential that the grapes be placed in a dry, cool room. Some Simple Truths. God planted the first fruit garden and pro nounced it good, and it has been growing rood ever since. A xx apothecary Bhop and a whole laboratory of the purest medicines is in every fruit garden. Physic done up in the shape of ripe and luscious fruits will be taken by all patients with ease, and do the most good. The hapDiest and healthiest family is one tbat has free access to a larse earden that is filled with the choicest specimens of all kinds of fruit, large and small. The Age of Trees. Many of our exchanges, both agricultural and others, often print enormous statements concerning the loDsrevity of some of our common forest trees. For the benefit of readers who may have been misled by such statements we append the following list. showing the see of trees when their timber is most valuable, both in Europe and in the United States: B'ack walnut. 25) to 30O years; royal oak. 2M: ouercus alba, or white oak. 200; European sweet chestnut, 200; American chestnut, 180; European linden, 1.'3; Daten or bread-leaved linden, lö to 100; European beech, !0 to t5; Scotch pine. 90; Norway spruce, U); white willow, 40; sycamore maple, :0; alder, cherry and poplar, 5") to OJ. It is probable that most of those in the list marked over 100 years are not very valuable in this country after they are at the century score. As a general thins the most valuable stage of development in the tlmbsr of a tree is reached earlier in the United btates than in Europe, an important fact depending upon me uicerenre in climate. Methods ot t'reservins Egs. At a recent poultry show in Birmingham, England, prizes were awarded forthebest dozen of preserved eggs. They were sent in two months berore tue date of the show, a short time to test any preserving process thoroughly. The eggs were tested by being boiled both soft and hard (that is for a single minute and a half, and for tea minutes), and then tested by the indues. Those that gained the ilrst prize had been simply packed in common salt. They had not lost sensibly by evaporation, had eood consistent albumen, and were of the best liavor when boiled. Those that received the second prizs were but slightly inferior to the best and the process of preserving is thus de scribed: Meit one part of the white wax to two parts cf spermaceti, boil and mix thor ooghiy ; or two parts clarihed suet to one ot wax, and two of spermaceti. Take new-laid eges; rub with antiseptic salt or finerico starch. Wrap each egg in line tissue paper. putting the broad end downward; sere tbe paper tightly at the top, leaving an inch to hold it by. Dip each egg rapidly ioto t'ic fat htated to lou degrees. Withiraw, ana ieave to cool, i'aci broad end down ward, in dry white rand or sawdust. Tbe London Agricultural Gazette add?: The epes so preserved were admirable, and, prob Kitt Ii o 4 Vi a AAnla&t K e ö m a 1svia iima would have stood first. But it is exceedingly useful to know that eggs may be preserved aumiraDiy ior two montns witn no more trouble than putting them in common salt. The other plan was saperior in one respect; on stripping off the waxed paper the shell was as pure and clean a3 when laid; in fact. th9 eggs might have sold as being fresh, if D3t as new laid. Remedy in Chicken Cholera. The Department in Agriculture publishes the loliowing remedy, recommended by Dr. Salmon, for preventing this destructive disease that annually carries off so mauy iowi: "For this disease a very cheap and most effective disinfectant is a solution made by adding three pounds of sulphuric acid to forty gallons of water (or one-fourth pound of sulphuric acid to three and a half gallons 01 water,; mixing evenly oy agitating or stirring. This may be applied to small sur faces with a small sprinkling-pot, or to larger grounds with a barrel mounted oa wheels and arranged like a street sprink ler. In disinfecting poultry houses, the manure must be first thoroughly ccrapea ana removed beyond the reach of tbe fowls; a slight sprinkling is not sofft cient, but the Moors, roosts, and grounds must be thoroughly saturated with solution, so that no particle of dust, howeyer small. escapes Demg wet 11 is impossible to thorooghly disinfect if tbi manure .is not re moved from the rossting places. Sulphuric acid Js very cheap, costing at retail not more than twenty five cents a pound, and at wholelale but live or six cents. The barrel of dia Inlecting solution can therefore be male for less than f 1, and should be thoroughly appueo. u must De remembered, too. that sulphuric acid is a dangerous drug to han cue. ss wnen unauuieu. 11 aestroys clotnin? and cauterizes the ne3h wherever it touches." HOUSEHOLD HINTS, XTC. Kread Malting, The directions for making bread here given re me same as inose loiiowed by an old time southside irgtnia cook, says Harper's veekiy, ana toe bread made by them has uiieu iarn a prize at oiaie i airs in ante oei Icm days. mashed fine while still warm; half a pint ol Hour; two tablespoonfuls of white sugar; half a pint cf water; half a cake of com pressed yeast, dissolved in one-loarth of a cap of lukewarm water. Bread Four quarts of flour, four table spoonfuls of lard or butter, eisht tabletDon fnls of white sugar and one tablespoon ful of gair, tilted together; three pints of water: the ruen sponge; half apintof flour to Use m kneading; lard to grease the tops of the leaves and rolls. For rolls to be eaten at an 8 o'clock break fast begin the sponge at 2 or 3 o'clock of the previous afternoon by mashing two roasted potatoes very tine and light. This is more easily done while they are still warm.

Roasted potatoes

. rill be more mealy and will make a r" vUS Tn -BQU uguiex euuugo mu win IS,!?v .-toes. When the potatoes are roooi and thorongbij. ml3hed add to them ? u a Pint of Hour, half a pint of cold or -T- i- vl - .v. : 1 1 ink e warm water and two tablespoon f als of white sugar. Beat this mixture briskly for five or ten minutes, or until bubbles begin to appear; then stir in half a cake of com pressed yeast, dissolved in one-fourth of a enp of water (or use half a cup of good home-made yea3t), set away to rise m a warm place. The pail should be carefully covered so as to exclude dust and air, and the spenge should, if possible, rise for five or six horns. By this time it should have lacreased in bulk nearly four times. (ery fair bread may be made with sponge which has only doubled in size.) Nail things have gone wen tue spone will be ready for yoa to make up the bread at about 5 o'clock in the evening. A large mixing bowl of earthenware is psrhaps bsst for this pnrpese, thousa many use a large, tin dish pan cr wooden tray. Whatever yoa do use thould be kept for bread only, and be kept scrupulously clean. Into this "mix ingdish" sift four quarts of lloar, eight ta blespoonluls of white sugar and one table Erconful of salt; rub fine in this four table spoonfuls of fresh lard or batter, using a wocden spoon, cnoppmg icnite or tne nanas, and add the risen sponge and as much of the three pints of water as may b9 needed to make the dough, which must be kneaded for three-quarters of an hour, the longer and mors thorough the kneading the hner will be the gram of tbe bread. There are several ways of kneaamg in deed, neariy as many ways as there are breadmakers. The means employed are of no great importance, so long as the desired object is attained, namely, the thoriu'h mixture of the various ingredients, with the addition of ss much air daring the process as is pos&iMe. Ferhaps the easiest way to se cure a gcod result is this: flour a bread or molding board lightly; hour the bands also; turn the dough out of the mixing bowl in as compact a mass as possible; flour the top of it lightly, and then with the palms of both hands press down upon tbe dough, and at tbe same time push it a little away from you. bringing the whole mass back to its original I place by a clawing motion with the ends of the Hogers. This "rocking" motion is the secret of successful kneading. A few such kneadings will turn the ball of dough with which vou began into a long and narrow roll, with a fold running down the length of it; this must be turned at right angles to its former position, keeping the fold on top, and this operation repeated as often as the kneading shall render it necessary. The reason for keeping the fold on top is that by it the air is introduced into the dough, ech fold imprisoning a fresh supply, which it i3 the kneader's object, of course, to work into, not out of, the daugh Ell sticity is the main re quirement of good kneading. Care must be taken to prevent tbe dough from sticking to the board; very little flcur will b3 needed for this if tbe kneader is quick-motioned. If the dough does stick pull it un and off the board with a quick motion. This generally leaves the board free and ready for a fresh dustinz: but if by any chance some dough should still adhere, carefully scrape it from the board with a doll knife before attempting to floor the board. These scraps are very good chicken feed, but must never be put back into the breed. It is belter, we think, fo use too mc'i flour in learning to knead bread than too little. The beginner is terribly discourage 1 by a thorough-paced stick on the part of the doufb, and a very few experiments will chow her that being quick in her motions and using a very little flour often she can arrive at precisely tbe same result a? whan she vse 3 the quantity of flour, and her bread will be tender instead of stiff and dry. When then dough has been kneaded enough the whole mas? will be smooth of surface, ela-ttlo to the touch, and will have gotten over is tendency to stick to everything. The doaga should then be set away for the night in a clceeJy-covered bowl or crock, the sides and bottom of which have been well greased, and which is suftie'entiy large to admit of the contents more than doubling in size. Many greasa the top of the dough; this prevents a crest forcing over it, which must otherwise he removed next morning. The temperature most favorable to bread at this stage of its existence has been found to be 73 F at which temperature it should remain about eight hours. Avoid any draught of air upon the bread jar, and if the room where it Is to pass the night is likely to become very much colder before mornirg wrap the jar in a blanket, or have a "coz" for it, as yoa have (or should have) fcr your teapot. The temperature of the n as should not fall below V F, If the thermometer register more than 7S5 the bread will rise quicker; if le3s, more s'.otfly tbn the time mentioned above. Bread should always have a linen cloth under the wcoden or metal cover, and the linen of this cloth thoald bs smooth or surface, to that if tbe dough by any chance should rise against it it may easily be detached. Tbe sort of linen known as "giass crcth" is excellent for this purpose. At five or half past five next morning the bread should be ready for its second rising. Tfce biead-bcard should be lightly dasted with ilour (ditto the hands), and the light, tpocgy mass which the bread jar now cmtairs turned out upon it to be subjected to five or ten minutes kneading such as it received yesterday, at the end of which time it will be ready to be "molded" into rools and leaves. For the former, cut from the douh a bit the size of a large eg?, la it in the floured palm of the left hand, and with th.4 lingers of the right hand gather up and tuck in the ends, turning the lump as you do so, and making of the hollowed palm a mold which gives yon presently a smooth fceoiispherc. Flace this in a well-greased biscuit pan, and repeat the operation until you have as many rolls as you want. Bs careful that ttey do not tench in the pan, and when all are in, grease the tops. This will prevent their forming a crust in rising, and insure tbe beautiful, tender, brown crust, when btked, which is at ence the pride of tha cook and the delight cf all who eat her bread. Butter, milk or lard may be use'd to grease the tops, but tbe butter or mi'k will make tbe bread brown too quickly, and the crast will become stiff and bura very readily; fresh, sweet lard, is far better for th;s (a 1 it is, indeed, wherever thortening is used in bread) than anything else. Loaves are made up very much in the same way as rolls, the size being regulated by that of the pans used tor bakia?, which should be about half-filled by the d ugh when first put in. They should rise abmt an hour before baking, whilst rolls m ist rise a longer time, and for this reason: The heat of the oyen very quickly psnetratei the roll and. checks the growth of the yeast plant, whereas in tbe loaf it takes some time for the heat to penetrate; a loaf, therefore, rises more in proportion to its siz, alter going into the oven, than does the roll. Bread bakes best at a temperature of from 400 to 550 F., or when a feaspoonfal of flour wilj brown in two minutes if spread on a small tin plate and placed in the oven. This "two minutes" oven is what you want for rolls; a "fonr-minntes'' oven is better where loaves only are to be baked. Practice will very soon enable the breadmaker to feel wben the heat of her oven is right. Rolls take from fifteen to thirty minutes, according to their size, and loaves from fifty to teventy minutes to bake properly. With bread, as with meat, the oven should be hotter for the first five or ten minutes of the time than afterward. Many good cooks leave the bread in the oven for five or ten minutes after they think it done with the oven door open. This they call "aoiklng" the bread. Tbe quantity ol liquid In the foregoing receipe has been proportioned as nearly as was possible to the "new process" flour. If old process pastry flour be used, one-eighth less fluid will be required. It is not practicable to give the exact measure of liquid, since there is such great difference in the absorbent qualities of different brands of flour. Experiment alone will show how much water exactly must be ustl la making a

dough ?xun any given brand of flour.

To st ai tip, the sponge should rise in a warm place for five or six hours, and should quadruple in bulk. The bread should be kneaded from a half to three quarters of an hour, using as little flour as possible. It should then nss-irom six to tea hours in a closely covered pan or jar, the temperature should vary as little as possible lrom r aren neit, ana me aouga should fully double in size. It is then ready to be worked over and moiaea into rous. This second kneading need only be for lira minutes. Tbe rolls and loaves should have their tops well greased before being put in a warm place to rise for an hour or an noar and a half; they should then be baked, the rolls irom fifteen to thirty minutes, and the loaves an hour or longer, If only rolls are made bake in an oven which will broafc teaspcenful of flour in two minutej;- if both must be baked at the aame time have a slower oven, but it is better to let ths loaves wait a half hour longer before baking than to bake tbe loaves in a slow oven. Both rolls and loaves should double in size before taking, FARM NOTE. New York and Pennsylvania grow twothirds of all the buckwheat produced in this country. In feeding corn to pigs that are being fatted, better results will be obtained if the corn is fed in connection with bran, shipstuff and vegetables. Mr. John Gibson, ot Trempeleau County, "Wis., bas made over 2,000 gallons of choice tyrup from sorghum this season, averaging abont 1G0 gallons per acre. Tbe ground is not a safe place for the fowls at night, as roup is engendered br the cold earth. Always provide roosts, and have them so situated as to be out of the way of draughts or currents of air. Milk is excellent for fowls, and it will pay to buy and use it for them, as it materially increases the number of eggs. It may be fed either sweet or sour. It is given either in' dishes, or mixed with the soft food. Layering grapevines may be attempted at any time after the wood has become firm, and before the buds start in the spring. The difference between layers and cuttings is tbat the layers are not detached from the parent vine, which is thus enabled to nour Ish tbe new plant. Corn that is to be cribbed should be thoroughly dry or free from swell. The crib floor should be seyeral inches above the ground so that the corn may not be exposed to damp nets or moisture. The crib bhould also be thoroughly cleaned out and well aired be foie stoiing the corn. A Wisconsin farmer stouly maintains that he prevents the ravages of the bsedle in his potatoes by planting one or two flaxseed in each hill. He cays the bugs will shun the flax every tirce, and that he has grown potatoes in this way for ten years and secured good crops when others failed. Although some of the breeders of heavy draft horses maintain that ell the Frenci breeds are classed as Normans, the French only recognize the Percberons as the true thoroughbreds, and admit no others to be classed in the stud books. Tbe term Nor man is an American one, and unknoivn in France. From sixty to slxtry-three degrees is coa sidered the proper temperature for churning, though the temperatures vary in different dairies, for much depends upon tha condi tiens. bweet ere m snouid be churned at a lower temperature ard for a longer time than sour cream. The amounts of butter obtained vary under apparently tha same conditions, and although a fair yield may be obtained one day it may be much less tbe next. It is fa;d that there are very few localities m Europe where the honey bee prosper there being no staple bloom upon which they could depend for honey. Tne moat pro gnesive people in sgncalture are the Swiss, who Euccessfully maintain great apiaries at a crest eltitudo in the Alps. France is depend ent on Switzerland for her honey supply, bat tbe tixr-e is not far distant when America wlil be exporting largely to all the European nations. A writer in the New Yorker says that he finds from Jan nary to March a good time to have the pig3 farrowed, which, though rather early, gives them a good growth in time to turn them upon spring grass. To have them corre in duriDg the early months, however, they must be csrefally sheltered and provided far, in order to protect them ajriinit tbe severity of the teaon, as a good start is cecesssiy in crder to make theai profitable. If one-half the grain fed to hogs in this country were given to poultry it woald secuie a much more prolitsble retaro. A bushel of corn will make perhaps four to six pounds of potk, but the same amount of grain will winter a hen, and her eggs aad chickens will be worth three to ten timas as much as the pork. Poultry is probab'.y the only class of steck from which proQt can be had, feeding only on bought food. In feeding cornstalks to cattle they must be cut into ibort lengths with a cutter that also thaves or breaks them to pieces while cutting them. If they are not so treated they will not be chewed the second time, as is done when chewing the cud, ewing to the dJlliculty of properly forming the matter in tbe first stomach of ruminating animals into tails for that purpose. If properly prepared, Lowever, no dilliculty occurs. Rural World. Although the price of woo! may not bs satisfactory to those who breed sheep for wool exclusively, yet mutton is always ia demand at gcod prices, while lamb3 are salable at all feasors. Our farmers should endeavor to improve tbe breeds with a view to market, as there is plenty of room for the improvement of the quality, the markets seldom beiDg sni plied with" first-class ra itton. These who have tested ensilage now claim tbat tbe use cf tbe silo is unnecessary, and tbe following plan is proposed instead: Stack the clover, rye or whatever is use J to a desired height, and tben jut over it a tight floor and afford pressure with heavy weichte. It 13 said that the weight preveats tbe air entering the maes tbe same as if there were walls at the tides of tbe stack. Others c'aim tbat, while such method answers for clover or rye, in the case of corn fodder sufficient pressure could not be secured to dieper.se with tbe sidewalls. CAMPAIGNS OF OLD TluKS Washington' Nomination and Ha II Managed It. N'ewYork Slar.l "I wonder if there was such a hullabaloo as this raised when Washington was running for President?" eaidayouBg observer to bis father yesterday. ' No, my boy, there was no noise abut it" "No drums, Dor marching clubs, nor torchlight proceffcions?" "No, nothing of the kind." "It must have been a very dry election." "Not eo awful cy- The country had j ast got the war settled and there was a great deal to be done toward establishing the Government. People then took an interest in National affairs for the love they bore the country, and not for tbe clficea the President bad at his disposal." "Isn't that funny?'1 "Yes, rather." General Washington took leave of the army December 4, 1783, and finally tendered his resignation to the Continental Congres?, then in eeesion at Annapolls, Md., December 23, 1763. It was not until Aiay, 1787, tbat the convention assembled in Philadelphia to adopt a constitution and form a government. General Washington was made president of the convention, and it is taid that it was mainly due to his coolness and firmness that the convention did not break np in a row. lie controlled this jangling body as he did his undisciplined army. In 1788 he was elected President of tne United States without opposition, every

ßtat casting ita vote for him except New York. It would have done so had it not neglected to choose electors in time. John Adams was elected Vice President They did not take as much interest in inaugurations and meetings of Congress then as now. Although the Constitution provided that the first Congress should cenvene in New York on the 4th of March, ITS'?, it was not until April 1 that a quorum of the House of Representatives was secured, and five days later before the Senate was ready for basinets. Affairs drazged along so aioy tbat the inauguration did not Ae rla.ra

until the GOth of Aprilt Washington xadeä tour of the country during fjjt year he was President, visitall the Slates then in the Unioa. It was not an electioneering tour, but a tour of inejection, lie furnished his own horses and carriage, this being ihe only means of travel ing in those days, lie introduced formal re ceptions to visitors ana representatives or. other Governments. He held a reception for men on Tuesday, and Mrs. Washington raceived both sexes on irlday, and on lhnrsday there was a dinner party for invited gnests. Before the close of his erst term he male it generally known that he did not desire a re election, partly because be desired to retire to the quiet of his Mount Vernon home and partly to etop the talk about electing him for life. James Madison and all the leading public men joined not only in re questing him to serve another term, but in insisting tnat ne snouia ao so. lie was re elected in 1702 without opposition. This election was fully as tame an affair as the first cne, but the Capitol had become more of a social center, and Congressional affairs were of a more interesting character, toere being already two parties in each House. About tbe time Washington's second term was clcsing the two parties, Federal and Republican, were getting pretty well warmed np. John Adams, the ice Presv dent, represented the former and Thomas Jefl'enon, the first Secretary ot State, the latter. They both entered the field for the Presidency, and so did Thomas Pinckney and Aaron Burr. Then no candidate was named for Vice President, the Presidential candi date having the second highest number of votes taking it. The friends of Adams and Jefferson worked hard, and when it came to a vote Adams had 71, Jefferson CS, Pinckney 50 and Burr 30, with a few scattering. Jefferson was profuse in his congratulations to Adams, which caused George Clinton, Kufas King and others to whisper, "sour grapes," wben the matter was mentioned. Jefferson had it in for Adamp, however. He was but little about tbe Capitol, except when presiding in tbe Senate, and took but little part in politics, preferring rather to at tend to his Monticello farm It is said that he woiked in the field every good day and helped the hands abont the barn when it rained. He would hot read newspapers and seldom looked into a book; yet he wrote con piderable on commerce and kindred subjects. He got moet of his information iu relation to Slate affairs fron fiieods who visited him or through correspondence. Tbe Federalists nominated John Adams and C. C. Pinckney, ard the Republicans, or Demecrafs, as they were beginning to ba calied, brought ont Jefferson anl Barr again. The contest was very spirited, the Republicans charging that Adams was a monarchist and aristocrat His friends in tarn cited his famous speech made at the be finnirgof the war: 'The die 13 cast; ave crossed the Rubicon. Sink or svina live or die, survive or perish with my co in try, is my unalterable determination." His recoid as a Representative and as Vice Presi dent was overhauled, but there was no rat ing np of private affairs. When the electoral vote was counted Adams had bat 05, Pinckney CI, while Jef leriou and Uurr each had J. la 13 neceEsi tated throwing the election into the House, as Buir was net des'guated as a candidate for Vice President, and his friends claimed that be was jist as ninch entitled to th6 Presidency as J eflerson. The contest in the House lasted for several weeks and grew very acrimonious. Several of the quarrels would have resulted in duels had it not been for the danger of cne of the combatants be iDgiii?ed, thereby giving the other side f majority of one. Finally, on the thitty sixin tauot, jeuersoa won, and liarr was declared ice President. In lOUefTersoa was re elected Tres'den by 1 18 out of 17G electoral votes, and George Clinton was chosen Vice President. There was not much of a contest at this election the bitterness of the former having nearly al disappeared. Before his first election Jeffer eon had said he would not remove the oäiciala appointed by his predecessors. President A dans put in the last two days of his term tignirg commissions for h s friend., and hurriedly left Washington City, to which ths Capital had been removed ehjrlly before, refusing to remain for the inauguration ceremonies. Ha was very sore toward Jefftrscn, and they remained at swords' points for several years, but finally b?came friends Spain, and both died on tbe same day, July 4 h:'ti, and within an hour or two of the same time. John Adams lived lonx enough, however, to bave the extreme satisfaction of sreirghis son. John aiocy Adams, inaugurated as the sixth President of the United ci.'ates. The campaign in which John Q. Adam3 was elected v, ts the first one of real exciting interest, at leaet as far as the general pubiie were concerned. President Monroe had made him his Secretary of State. Having been Minister to Russia, and baing popular am org men of letters, he was easily induced to believe te was "a bigger man " than old Morroe." Scarcely had he gotten his seat fairly warmed until the Presidential bee began buzzing eround tbe heads of William H. Crawford, Secietary of the Treasury, aad John C. Calhoun, Secretary of War. Henry Clay and Andrew Jackson were also brought out, making live candidates in all. It was a regular political circus. Eich candidate had a etrong following, aud they went at each otber hammer and toogs," making tbe fire iiv. Jackson was denounced as a backwoods "Yahoo," Adams was held up as an aristocrat. Crawford and Calhoun as "fire-eaters," and Clay as no:hing more than an orator in particular and a backwoodsman in general. The people became excited, and many were the broken heads and bloody noses at "stump meetings." They were stump meetings in fact, as they were usually beld in the woods, tbe speaker standing ona stump. It was in this can paign tbat political speeches became known as "turup speeches ' The cpnteit between Jackson and Clay was particularly bitter, they both being from the West. Tfce election resulted in 81 electoral votes for Adams, W for Jackson, 41 for Crawford, 37 for Clay, Calhoun having withdrawn in favor of Crawford. There being no choice, tbe election was thrown into the House of Representatives, where Clay had influence enough to beat Jackson and elect Adams. This action made Jackson hosts of friends, and ruined the prospects of "Young Harry of the West." He was made Secretary of State y Adams, but Jackson was afterward elected President by an overwhelming majority. CJay was defeated twice for the nomination afterward, and finally for election in 1844, which virtually caused his death. THE MAN IN THE IRON 31 ASK. TTliat Ufttory and Tradition Have to Say About This Mysterioos Character. Although conjecture has long been exhausted as to the identity of tne person in tbe lion Mask, yet the fact of such a prisoner haying been confined and dying in the Bastile, as first made public by Voltaire, has since been abundantly confirmed in all its leading points. The journal of M. da Jonca, who was many years lieutenant de roi at the bastile, gives an account of the prisoner being removed from the islind of St Marguerite on M. de St Mars being appointed Gov ernor of the Bastile. He says the prisoner always wore a mask of black velvet, although he bas been called the Iron Mask, and that he died in the Bastile and was buried on the 20th cf Nov ember, 1703, in the burying place ot St Paul. In tbe register of this parish there is the following en try:

' In the year 1703, on tfce l?Lh day of November, Marchiali, aged forty five years or thereabouts, died at the Bastile. His body was interred in the burying place, of this parish ol St Panl, on the 20th of said month, in the presence of M. de Rosarges, Mayor of the Bestlle, and M. Reiln,tha surgeon, who accordir;;' elgu this.11 Father G rietet, In his "Tratte da Prenves qui servant pour etablir Ia Verite da 1'IIistolre.' fays nothing can exceed the depenience ttat may be placed on the journal of M. de Jonca. He adds tbat a great ma iy

circumstances relating to the prismer were known to the officers and serrants of ths bastile, wben M. de La-inay was appointed Mayor tfcere; that M. de Launay told him be was infermed by them that immediately after the prisoner's" death h:3 linen, clothes, mattresses, and, in short, everything that bad been cs:d by him, were burned; that tbe walls cf his room were scraped and the floor taken up. all evidently from the ap prehension that be misht have found means cf writirgJcnielbing that would hsvs dis covered who be was, and that M. d Arenson, who often came to the liistile when Lieutenant General of the Folie, hearing tbat the garrison still spoke of this prisoner, asked one day what was said about mm, and, after hearing some of the conjectures, observed: "They will never know." It ia related by others tbat. besides tbe precautions mentioned by M. de Launay, the glass was taken out of the window of his room and rounded to dust, the window frame and doors bnrnt, and the ceiling of the rcom and tbe plaster of the inside chimney taken down. Several persons have affirmed tbat tbe body was buried without a head, and M. de St Foix, in his "Esais Historlques," informs us that a gentleman, haying bribed the sexton, had the bedy taken np in the night and found a stone instead of the head. Voltaire, in his "Age of Louis XIV.," says: "Some months after the death of Cardinal Mazarin, in 1661, there happened an event of which there is no example, and, what is no less stravge, the historians of that time teem to have been unacquainted with it There was sent with the greatest secresy to the castle on the Island of Marguerite, in the Sea of Provence, an unknown prisoner. rather above the middle s'ze, young and of a graceful cgure. Un the road he wore a mask with steel springs that enabled him to eat without taking it oil. Those who con ducted him had orders to kill him if he made any attempt to discover himself. He remained there until the Governor of Pigneroe, an officer of confidence named St Mas, being appointed Governor of the Bastile. 16C-C. brought him thence to the Bastile, always covered with a mask. The Marquis de LouTOis. who went ana saw mm at ct. Mar guerite, spoke to him standing, and with tbat kind of attention that marks respect He was ledg d at the Bastile as well as that castle would admit. Nothing was refused him tbat he desired. His chief ta3te was for lace and linen, remaikably fine. He played on the cuitar. instable was the best that could be provided, and the Governor seldom tat conn In his presence. An old physician of the Bastile, who had often attended him when he was indisposed, said that he never saw his face, though he had frequently ex amined bis tongue and carts of his body: that he was admirably well made; that his skin was rather brown; that be had tomethirg interesting in the eound of his voice; tbat he neyer complained or let drop anything by which it might be guessed who he wae. "Ibis unknown person died in 1703, and was buried in the night, at the burying ground in the parish of St Paul. What increeee8 cur astonishment is, that wben he was sent to St Marguerite no person of Im portance in Europe was missing. Yet this prifener certainly was of importance. See what happered scon after his arrival there The governor put tbe dishes oa the table hirrself, retired and locked the door. One day the prisoner wrote something with his knife on a silver plate and threw it out of tie window toward a boat that was drawn on shore near the bottom cf the tower. A lhherman to whom the boat belonged took up the plate and brought it to the governor, who, with evident astonishment, akel the men if be had read what was written oa the plate, or if any person bad seen it. He said tbat be could not read; that he had just iouna it, ana mat no one else bad eeen it. He W8s. however, confined until the "gov ernor was cei tain that heconld not read, and that no other had eeen the plate. lie then dismissed him. saying: 'It is lucky for you tbat you can not read. " The Abbe Papon relates "that a voune lad. a baiber, having seen one day something white Heating on the water, took it up. It was a fine shift, written almost all over. He carried it to ai. ue bain t Mars, who, naruig looked at some pa its ci the writing, esked the lad with ecme appearance of anxiety if ne led read it, lis assured him repeatedly tbat be bad not, but two days afterward the boy was found cead in his bed." M. de la Borde informs us tbat M. Lin puet, in tbe course of his inquiries, found that wben tbe Iron Mask went to mas3 he bad the most express orders not to speak or show himself; that the invalids were com manded to fire on him if he disobeyed; that their arms were loaded with ball, and that he therefore took great care to conceal himself and to be silent Among the various conjectures respecting tne iron Mask, tne most prevalent opinion is tbat he was the twin brother of Louis XIV born some hours after him, and that the klEg, their father, fearing that the preten sions of a twin brother might one day be employed to renew these civil wars with which France had fio often becd alliictai, cautiously concealed his birth end Bent him away to be brougit up privately. Complimentary to yir. Conklln;. Ntw York, Nov. 13. The World this morning, in an editorial on the next Senator from New York, says: "Would it not ba to the honor of the State, and to the credit of tbe peepJe, if party considerations coold be laid aside, and tbe Legislature be induce I to tender the United States Senatorship unani mously to Roscoe Conkling7" The Graphic, this afternoon, ia an edito rial very complimentary to Mr. Conkling, says: '-What, now, if Mr. Conkling should be the Democratic candidate for United States Senator? Has he friends enoa among republicans of the Legislature to seWUJ6 UiQ CICbbiVU After Diphtheria. Diphtheria is a terrible disease, requiring the greatest medical skill to effect a complete cure. Even when it9 power is broken, it clings to the patient with great persistency, and often leaves tbe system poisoned and prostrated. Just here Hood's Sarsaparilla does a vast amount of good, expelling impurities from the blood, giving it richness and vitality, while it renoyates and strengthens the system". ' 'W here the Ret possibility Reels. Detroit Free Press. J If there is any suspense to injure the business of this country, already having a hard time enough, James G. Blaine and no other man cr cause will be held responsible. Cleveland was as fairly elected a week ago as President ever was, and tbe masses concede it Ir there is a more gallant phalanx than the Indiana Democracy, we would like to seethe phalanx trotted out A Family Poisoned. Coi.cmbcs, Ga.. Nov. 13 While eating breakfast yesterday the family of Mr. Jeff Biggars, in the northern part of this county, were poisoned. T.T. Burgess, a soa-ia-law. died in a few hours, Mrs. Bargesa daring the afternoon, and Joe Biggars, a son, in the evening. BbtmnRtlim, Gout and Neuralgia. It is scientifically settled that rheumatism, gout and neuralgia can not be cured by rnbbing with oils, ointments, liniments, lotions, etc., for the reason that these diseases are caused by uric acid in the blood. The only preparation which uniformly expels this acid is Parker's Tonic. Subdues pain at once. Try it

Iu. JLUf. Radways

Ready

Relief

The Cheapest and Best Jledicine C

rr riifiiu lirr If! Tlir i!"ni fl 1

run rAMiLi m ia int nuiuuCUKES AND PKEYENIS Coughs, Co!c!3, Soro Throat, Hoarscnsss, Inflammation, Rheumatism, Neurale Headache, Tccthaclu, Diphtheria, Influenza, Difficult Breathing. It was tic first and Is the only PAIN RE3IEDY lbat Instantly sto?s tbe most excruciating paint, allays InnammiUon and coxes Conseftlont, wueiher of tbe Lungs, Btomach, Bowels or o the glands or organs, by one application. In From One to Twenty Minutes. No matter how violent or excruciating tfce pairs the KteumaUc, Bcd-iidden, Infirm, Crippled Nervous, Neuralgic or prostrated with disease may aufier. RAD WAY'S READY RELIEF WILL AFFOUD INSTANT EASE. Inf animation of the Kidneys. Inflammation ol tbe Bladder, Inflammation of tbe Bowe'.i, Conge, tion of the Lungs, Palpitation ot the Heart, Hysterica, Croup, Liphtneria. Catarrh, Influenza, Kerrousnerc. Sleeplcstceea, Rheumatism, Sciatica, Pains In the Chest, Beck or Limbs, Bruises, Eyrains, Cold Chills and Arne Chills. The application of the BEADS' BELIEF te the part or parts where the difficulty or p&ln exists will afford ease and comfort. Thirty to sixty drops in bait a tumbler of water will in a few minutes cure Crampa, eparais, tour Stomach, Heartburn, Sick Headache, Diarrhea, ujBtmery, couc, mna in me uoweia, ana au in ternal Tains. Travelers should always carry i wai'a Beady Belief wiih them. water will prevent sickness or pains I cf Tt&ter. it is better than French. Bi ters as a stimulant MALARIA, In lis Various Forms, FEVER and AGUE. TTYER ana AGTJE cured lor CO cents. There ts rot a remedial sgect In the world that will cure Fever end Ague ard all otter Maltrious, Billcut, Bcsrlet, end other Fevers (aided toy BA.DWAVÖ BLLLfc) so quickly aa RADWAVS HEADY RELIEF. Tiny Cents Fer Bottle. gists. Sold by all Urns DR. RADWAY'3 SarsapariIIian Bcsolrent. Pure blood makes sound flesh, siren? bene aafl a clear skiD. If you would have your Cesh Erin, your bcrjes sound, iritv.out carles, and vo-ir co-tb-v r.lesion fair, use KAIiWAV'd &ABAPAB1LL1A KESOLYLST, the SVi Great Blood. Purillor. FALSE AND TRUE. TVc extract from Dr. Radwsy's "Treatise on Dis ease and its (tiro," as follows: List ol ureases cured by KB. BJLDvVAl"3 SABSAPABILLIAH RESOLVENT Chronic kln dlF8se, carles of the bone, humors , ol ice blood, Ecroiu:ou8 creases, srptl'.ic com plaints, levfr tons tnroMC or o:a u:rcrs,a;i xtcnm, rkketF, white Ewe.iiug, ecsldhcad, can. ers, glandular twellinss. codts, wsEtinj; and dafay of the body, ripples and tlotcLts, tumor, ojH-epsla, ticiieytnd bladder diseases, ihronte rheum atitci tnd gout, consumption, pravel and calculous deposits, and varieties of the above complaiiit, lo which foir.etimes are plren spec ious rarces. In eases were the system has been salivated, end roarcury has accumulated and become deposited in the bones, jol-.ts, etc.. causing caries of the tones, rickets, spinal curvatures, contortions, white ewellirps, varicose velni. etc, the Earsapsri Ilia will resolve away those deposits and . exterminate the virus of the di&ease from ttef tybteiri. A GEEAT CGNfflliMAL EEHEDT Skin diseases, tuners, ulcers and sores of all kinds, particularly chronic diseases of the skin. are cured with greet certainty by a courre of lrA BADWAY'S 6A KSAPa KILLiAN. We mean ODtluaus tabe that have resisted all other treatment. SCROFULA, Whether transmuted from parents or acquired, la Within the tutative range of the j SAKSAPARILLIAX INSOLVENT. 1 It possesses the same onderful power In curing the worst foims ol rtiumous and eruptive cisy charges, sypbiioid ulcers, sores of tte eyes, eanay nose, mouth, threat, gi&nds, exterminating thef y virus cf these chronic forms of disease from ths V. 1 A V : n I . - .4 . tb. UiUVU. JU1UIB, Kill 111 n CI 7 MUt Ul UIO UU'i man body Lere there exists diseased deposits,! ulcerations, tumors, hard lumps or scrofclous in-' flammation, Jhls preatacd powerful remedy will exterminate rapidly and permanently. J One bottle contains more of tbe acrtlTe prtnclj i rlci cf medicine than any other preparation. . Taken in te&spotnful doses, while others require fire or six times as much. QUE DOLLAR PiB BOITLE. Bold by druggists. DR. R AD WAY'S REGULATING PILLS The Great Liver and Stosiaeb Eecedj. Perfectly ! tasteless, elegantly coated; pn-ge, regulate, purify, cleanse and stren&then. Dr. Badwav'a Pills, for the cure of all dis orders of the Stomach, Liver, Bowela, Kidneys, , Bladder, rcrvous Diseaes, loss of Appetite, Headache, Constipation, Costlvenes, Indirection. Dyspepsia, BUiousneta. FeTer, Inflammation ei i the Bowela, Piles, and all derangement of the Internai viscera rureiy vt-Reuiu.e, ooniauusg do mercury, minerals, or aeietenoua drugs. Price 25 Cents Fer Box 6old by all druggists. DYSPEPSIA! Bad way's Sarsapartlllan, aided by Radway'a Pills, is a cure for this complaint. It restcrca streneth to the stomach, and makes it perform lta functions. The Symptoms of dyspepsia disappear, , and with them tbe liability of tbe aystcm to coa tract diseases. Take the medicine according to I the directions, and observe what we say In uiJm I J "Road False and Truo."r Bend a letter stamp to "RADW AT A CO.. !?o. Warren airect, New York. Information wofifc. thousands will be sent to yoa. TO THE PUBLIC kWEe sure and ask fcr Badwav'a, and sea tha tbe sama 'LAdwaj" is oa ibat yea fcBjt t

i bottle of EadA few drorif la f

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