Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 29, Number 37, Indianapolis, Marion County, 17 October 1883 — Page 6

!H3 INDIANA 8TATB SETlEU WEDNESDAY OCTOBER 17, 1883.

OCR FARM BUDGET.

Iumpklp Among the Corn Improviuu tbe Bretels. Seep tn Scavenger (Jims in Cold lVather Farm Help Chickfn Cholera. Breed of Iu k l ariucri SbouUI Know the Hreetl A Co niparion Housetiolcl Hint I n rui Sott, Etc. Pumpkin Among the Corn. In siutnLerous autainn weather I ventured loi'.h cue lovely moru, To see the purer If ins lying do. den ytilow amout; tue corn. A pieaant babbling brer, lb of wind t j.rxe drifting sweetly thro tl.e corn, And alt along the line c! stalk A lusting L-reaih was soJtly borne. And for one moment dim and sweet The euolifht softened in its fall. While from the bei of S"aies came A tnouruful ring dove's c-ooing call. force cawing crow? and pira'.e '.arks Wer tliuosl chatteringly intent On taking peil from upeu field Without a, thought of litte or rent. And up the corn rows far 1 hoar J A eoouU oi wheels and men's loep talk Voice Jre.h and strong and rough; I taued to tear them in icy walk. Ptit ton 1 wheeled and hastened on The an was warm that autumn morn And stumbled heedless twenty times fver the pumpkins anions tbe corn. Ami soon I reached the working throne Who merrily all that wbue Among tbe pumpkins biu und round Had garnered each golden pile. The rich corn lay in ruct heap-, Tbe n-omy wa;on-bed was full. And halt me laborer sirag.ed on ILc yet Ungarn. red ears to pull. f cu!s ol eomulous cloads ai'.ed out Around tbe rira of heaven The lancer vtiped his weary brow And thought tnouid ra'iu 'lore even." Ah. me! I ween what trials will come. What oreary breatfc from inorn to inoru. Ere ont-e again I ee them lying loluen pumpkins among ttecorn: workers in the held of earth! O ulicrs of tbe cnmv soil : Vo'.r labor with our weal is wrought t on make the .Nation's pt to boil! or ships of commerce wait your wauJ, Ve roy! arbiters of half our needs. Then write jour annals in yvMT grains Abd career golden freed. ' Maria J-f.i kine Wii.i.mus ft Loui. Si t. -7, l."ü ' I mi pro itiR thv Krrnlo. -. Philadelphia Kecord.l Tl.e imriroveruent of our domestic stock l.a- been raprid within the last thirty years, and it is due to a change in the lueihcnlt ot I. reeding flu ring that time. 1'ediree alone once considered sufficient to place an animal high in the list: but jcdi;rree. while classifying tlie grade oi purity, did no: demonstrate the desired capacity for fulfilling tne purposes intenueii. loiter on, a sys tem of freiection by '"marks, as well as pelijrree, was made the guide, which was adbered to tery strict' y for iuite a period, when it became manifest that individual character and mf rit alone could be depended upon. whi'-h is at present the method, though the u.itrks and pedigree are not discarded. This may be noticed on looking back over the turf and bringing to recollection the changes made with the thoroughbred and trottmc Jiorsts. hen boston and rashion ran their famous four-mile race, in heats, the time they made was considered invincible; bat afterward a son of Boston Uexingtoii) lessened th time fully ten seconds. Lndur ance was then a quality more important than ?peec, the majority of the race bein.; run in four-mile heats, and such horses as Boston. EdipM?, Wagner. Sir Charles. Planet, Hocks anl Keube were valued more for their ITformances over a distance than for their mortis against tune. lui the preference irrew in lavor of sieed and shorter distance?, the consequence Wing thai we have horses now on the turf thai can travel a mile in 1;4. but which would go all to pieces in a four-mile heat race. Cordelia J teed once won a race in which she wa compelled to run five four-mile La'.s twenty miles and it did not injure he r in the least, but at the rate ot speed now attained a severe trial of that kind would place our liest thoroughbreds on the retired list. The breeder has demonstrated Iiis ability, however, by careful selection, to com pletely change the character ot a iong-estab iished breed. Looking over the rattle we find the Bates . and Tooth Shorthorns the foundation upon . which that breed is established: for every foint that serves as an index to I4ef production is predominant and weil indicated. By breeding close to families of extraordinary butter production we have the Jersey cows, capable of giving over twenty pounds of butter in a single week; but such extraordinary merit clinirs to certain lines only, thus proving the advantage of a strict adherence to individual selection in preference to peditrjee and color marks, though some breeders . are fortunate enough to breed cattle that jossess merit and at the same time lix upon them a badge of designation by which they may easily be known by all, as, lor instance, tbe white face of tbe Hereford and the broad black and white spots of the Holsteins. This is an excellent plan, where it i an be done without a sacrifice of quality. Breeders have made the Cots wold sheep of large frame and possessors of long combing wool. The Merino has not been bred ior carcass especially, but then there is that heavy, oily, tine wool, so soft and superior for some purpo-es to all others and with so much attention given to size of carcass and grades -of wool, breeders have found time to grade the quality of the Mesh also, as the Southdowns show, with their marbled carcasses, so nicely interspersed with fat and lean, to say nothing of their distinctive marks of dark legs and face. The record of -performance is the best now, .and pedigree is a.s nothing compared to what is expected of an animal in other respects. Jr'niugjrler'a pedigree was not considered a valuable one. yet he sujpriscd the whole country with his brilliant record. Blue Euli's pedigree is not fashionable, nor was he a noted jerformer, but he is renowned .for the excellence of his progeny. Again, we are sometimes so fortunate ivs to bree 1 horses of good pedigree and records, as with Dictator, the sire of Jay-Kye-See: but not until he was transported to a ditferentsection. and in his eld age. did his true value become known. Farmers may not. as a clas. , undertake to breed stock of remarkable excellence, but the pail shoald be the standard. jn well as the breed, in judging cows for the -dairy, and hardinesc, weight of carcass and . wool tbe points of selection for shep, while the broed of hogs that tills the pork barrel .at tbe least expense siiould be the one they .should select, and the method may embraro tery class of live stock on the farm. Breed from choice selections, of pood breeds, and rely upon individual merit as the guide. sheep Scavenger. As the crops Are laid by, the sheep beging th;r duties as scavengers, iot that it is intended to imply that they nust be content with refuse matter of an obnoxious kind, but that they are seviceable in the way of procuring much front the cornsialks and rubble. Sheep are not very dainty, nor do thev demand the extensive care of the farmer, bat they should be fed at the barn ar night, and driven to the ileitis and Other place during the day. where they can lind anything that may be serviceable, fchtep are great foragers, and ramble to every part of the lields. They are always on the alert for whatever has teen left, and they are capable of selecting and appropriating material for con?amption that would be entirely rejected by other tlatstf to(k. It i this peculiarity of

tbtep tbat fits them w well s farm aniw.al

lor profit,-as they concert large rruammesoi coarse and unprofitable material luaiwoum Otherwise be wasted, into salable wool and routlcn. There is do nei-rwity for ai.owmg bheep food -except at nifht if the rastares rtl .! . a 1-a i.fit r tiillv rlennMl. Kveil tne weeas, u not, too coarse nu wwi. be eaten, and with a limited sapply of water they will be content in any location. f ;ra in Cold Weather. If oar readers desire to gie their fowN An opportunity to lorage a Jittle on 0en lays in winter, iet them sow a small space in rye. It is not too iate in somo sections, for the rye will not l-e required to grow higher than a few inches It will not only arford the fowls an occasional picking ol green food, but will spring up early in the spring before anything else begins to'shoot. I'astures that contain orchard grass will also be found serviceable, especially for early spring feeding, and clover will be useful now and until quite late. Young chicks from the incubator will need tome proportion of green food, and there is nothing better for them than to feed them at least three times a week with finely chopped rye. It may lealely claimed that rye is indispensable to those who expect to keep large numbers f chicks. So many of them die for want of green food that it'is hardly necessary to call attention to it, as facts are stubborn things, and suggest care and due regard without advice from other quarters, and if farmers will take advantage of rye as a winter growing plant, much sickness will be avoided, and constipation of the bovels preVtXt(d. . . . r l 1 :u Kurm Help. Farmers have long been studying how to dispense w ith laborers as far as possible. They Lave succeeded in producingsevera! crops al most entirely by the aid of machines and an imals. It is now time they gave attention to theniatterof cmplovingmore laborers on and about farms Tbe farms that have been neg lected to long should now receive attention. As land increases in value it becomes necessary to so manage it that it will yield a larger revenue to the owners. Admitting that there :s economy in employing ma chines fordoing most of the work of raising corn and the small grains, it does not follow that Kmie hand work is not economical in connection with the work performed by ma chines, the hand ho can be very protita My DJJloytd With the horse hoe in cul tivating a crop of corn, beans, or potatoes. 1'remiums are generally awarded to crops that have received considerable cultivation by hand. Many crops can only be produced by the employment of band wor. They require the closest attention in order to be very productive. The wants of each individual plant must be attended t- at the proper time. No horse or other beast of burden has the intelligence of men and women. No machines can perform ertain kinds of work as well as the hu man band. Tobacco and. hops will on ly leiviue leading crops in the West when iar mere are willing to employ large numbers of laborers. The production of grapes and berries of all kinds calls for many hands. Toe like is true in regard to the production of n ary all garden vegetable'. Having sue cceiitd in producing the principal commer cial crops by the a;d of machinery, farmers should now consider the propriety u increas ing their revenues by the employment of more laborers t hickcit Cholera. fine oi the latest cures for chicken cholera is liyroy.ilihate of soda, given in doses of half a level teaspoon In 1 of the crystals in as much water a will lissolve it e hope our frends will give the remedy a trial, as it it fughlv recommended, and we would be be glad to hear from all who use it. Hyposulphate of soda should not be confounded Willi iiilphuate of soda. Sulphate of sola is the union ot suipnrons acid aim sola. or sulphur fumes, water and soda. sjiilphuric acid is oil of vitriol, and is distinct from sulphurous acid, which contains less oxygen. Hyposulnhurous acid is made by dissolving pure sulphur in a solution of sulphite of soda, the first containing twice as much sulphur as the latrer, Pure sUi,bur will not lissolve in water, but dissolve in the solution of sulphite of soda, or carbon disulphide. Sulpher fumes will instantly destroy the germs oi all conta gious diseases, and we believe that it is by the breaking up of the hyposulphite of soda system that the sulphurous acid, sulphur and soda, kills tbe disease. We certainly feel gratified to hear of a cure, but will feel more assured if we can hear of good results from our readers who may be persuaded to try the remedy. Breeds of Ducks. The 1'ekin is the largest in size, and the mosteasily kept within an inclosure, but the Ayleshnrys are the better layers on an aver age, i tie i.ouens are the most beautiful and attractive, while the common puddle duck is the hardiest. The Muscovey is a large breel, but Us rank flavor of flesh has been an obstacle to its popularity. Crossed on other kinds, however, it answers well, but the progeny will be sterile. Farmers shoull Know the ISrecds. Farm, Field and Fireside Farmers who have not familiarized themselves with the breels of sheei snould bear in mind that they are behind the buyers, who can tell at a few moments' examination exactly what kind of a sheep from which the wool was sheared, and its fitness for the purpose for which it is desired. The buyers know the breeds, the kind of wool peculiar to each breed, and all about them, for it is 'business." A farmer would sneer at a, carpenter who professed to ba a carenter and yet who could not do a piece of work in that. Iir.e; and yet we venture to say there are hundreds of farmers who profess to be farmers, and who would be insulted if their knowlelge of their business were questioned, but who. at the same time, can not tell as much about the products of the farm as many of those who know nothing about farm life. There are hundreds of farmers wh are not able to distinguish breeds of sheep, and who lo not know the particular purpose for which a breel is most suitable, ami still they pride thfrjnselves on tneir calling as a business which they intend to make prolitible. If such fanners could but be brought to a realization of tin; fact that they are really deficient in knowledge, it would be to their interests to do so. ' Every year we witness the shipment of the products of the farm to mar ket where the buyer fixes the c,rade, although he has had no experience on the farm. Farmers as a class are not business like, for they rely too much upon the judgment of others. It is not intended t imply that they should not seek the- advice of others, but when the farmer surrenders everything to hard work, we insist that he. should begin to educate himself in every possible way in order to improve his chances. A Comparison. This year England had, so says the Chicago Farmer s Keview, 2.W),U00 acres in wheat. The wheat crop of the United States this year embraced ÖK.OOO.OOO acres. . ftreat Britain's oat crop is put at 2,y7.".0OO acres, and the oat crop of this country at :WX)0,Ouo acres. "V e," continues ihe .Review, "have J4,0W),(y'O acres in corn, of which crop none is groTn in Great Britain. She has ;,0)0,0J' head of cattle and 23,UU0.(M) sheep. We have .,000.000 cattle and W. 000,000 sheep. She has a population of :t5,00,0o0 to iced, while we probably lave 65,000,000. She is always short hi food, we are always with a surplus to supply not only bet deficiency, but tbat of Continental Europe. But Great Britain raises on an average twenty-six bushels of wheat to the acre, we an average of twelve bushels. Were our average production per acre as great as her?, we should this yea have harvested a wheat crop of over l,UftO,XXt,000 bushels, instead of a little more than 400,otiO.OM. Jler cattle and sheep average much better in quality, taken as a whole, tlian ours, while in horses and hogs it is boubtfal if she possesses any advantage over ours. But hej farmers pay an average of flu to $i.r rent per xarre per annum for the farms they 'occupy. Durs largely own their own farms

and call no 'iwt raadlord." In some reKpet ts this statement is not quite satisfactory. The writer for the Review docs not in this ose appear to wnierstand that England and fJreal Briaii are -very ditTerent quantities.

HOI SKIIOLD HINTS. Rear I'ir. Pear pie is a delicacy not often reen on our tables, and yet late pears, that do not soften until they have been pickled lor tome time, make very nice ptes. Make a thin, rich crust not greasy; slice the pears, sprinkle FUgar over them, and put in a few lumps of butter; add. if you please, a very little cinnamon and mace. Bakewiiuan urpcr crust. A Nick Pjcklk. Slice some green tomatoe. sprinkle with salt, let stand over night, then drain off the juice. Add to the toma toes a few onions, some horseradish, and chop fine. Itoll a little bag of spico in vin egar, add white mustard seed, and pour over the mixture Good cabbage and cacti tubers chopped with the tomatoes and onions, some think an improvement. Baked Tomatoe. Cut a thin slice from the stem end of ripe tomatoes, then with a pointed knk'e cut out the green fiber from the center and fill the orifice with a mixture of equal parts of finely-chopped onion, breadcrumbs and butter, well seasoned with pepper and salt; cover this with breadcrumbs or cracker dust, and upon each one lava small pat of butter; place them in a baking pan at a little distance apart; pour in the pan about a gill of water; bake in a moderate oven for about an hour, then remove with an egg slice; place on a hot dish, pour whatever juice remains in the pan orer them, and serve hot By some persons mackerel is not found easy of lipestion, and it sometimes has a bitter taste, which makes it disagreeable to a lelicate palate; nut if prperly cooked it is in reality as wholesome as any other fish. Fishmongers rarely clean it sulliciently, and a great deal depends upon the thoroughness with which it is done by the cook. The brown substance which clings to the backbone is the cause of the bitter flavor, and this should be entirely removed. Open the llsli, remove the backbone and thoroughly wipe out all the brown substance: then divile the fish down the middle, sprinkle it with pepj-er, flour and salt, place a piece of the roc upon each half, roll it up tightly and place it in a baking dish. Mix a dessertspoonful of Hour in a tcaspoonful of cold water, stir into it a half pint of boiling water and a tcaspoonful of essence of shrimps, and pour it over the filleted fish Lay a lump of butter on each fillet and bake for threequarters of up hour in a moderate oven. A gool way to prevent dust when sweeping a room is to over tbe broom with a cloth slightly flam pod. The dust will lie easily removed by this means, and not dispersed about the room. .Moreover, it will be found that the colors of the carpet will be brightened by this means far more than by ordinary sweeping, and after a giKxl broom has been used in the usual way it will be found an excellent plan that the servant go oyer the carpet acain with a lamp cloth. The colters of a fadetl caret can ie restored by washing it over with ammonia water or bullock's gall. In rooms where the woodwork is painte! it'is always well to have an inch or two of the Moor painted also, so that if, in changing carpets, fhey do not titexactly it will not be so noticeable as if a white hue were shown. Very pretty covers for small tables may be male of various dark rich shades of doublef.ued Canton Manuel. A handsome and effective one is thus described : A yard square of olive green Canton Manm-l was buttonholed all round the edge with gold-colored silk, the stitches b-ing taken some little distance from each other. A band of garnet flannel, three inches wide, was placed at u distance of four inches from the edge of the cover. This band, or border, before it was placed on the olive green flannel was embroidered at intervals, little fans and butterflies alternating with each other. Each fan was about the size of a silver loilar; its outlines only were embroidered in stemstitch with gold-colored silk, tbe handles being worked also in the same color. The butterflies were in various colors, the upper and lower being usually of some bright contrasting colors, with gold sjots. This border was fastened with feather stitching on the table over, and in each corner were embroidered groups of field flowers in crewels Beautiful designs of tnis kind can be bought ready mounted, and only reiuire to be seamed. A table cloth of garnet flannel, with a band of old gold, would look handsome with a group of daisies at each corner. Atple Marmalape reel, core and thinly slice good cooking apples (apples that cook to a smooth pulp easily); allow three-quarters of a pound of loaf sugar to one pound of apples, put the sugar into a preserving can (a tin or iron saucepan will turn them black), with half a teasioonful of water to six 1 rounds of sugar; let it gradually melt, and oilitforteu minutes. Then put in the sliced apples and a few cloves, cinnamon or iemon-peel, to Havor, if liked. Boil rapidly for an hour, skim well and put in jam pots. It should be quite a smooth puip, clear and a bright amber color. Will keep good tor twelvemonth. Another way, to look like orage marmalade: Choose hard apples that do not cook to a soft pulp, such as russets; core, but do not peel them; make a sirup of of three pounds of loaf ugar to a pint of water, and boil it for twenty minutes to make a sirup. Put in the &pple, thinly sliced, and boil quickly for an hour; flavor as preferred. This marmalade bears a great resemblance to orange marmalndo in appearance, if the right kind of apples are chosen. Sufficient sirun should be made to three lirts cover the apples. Stir frequently. iJii.NC e Mkmalik. Hub ofl" all the down from the ouinces and cut oil the tops and stalks. Put the quinces in a preserving pan, with plenty of water, and boil till they are soft. Then remove them from the tire and pass them through a hair sieve,and beat it till it is soft and white. Weigh the pulp, and to every pound allow two pounds of suvar. 1'ut the sugar on the tire with water, ami let it boil till it is thick, and will fall from the sKon in flakes, ".oninionly called feather point. Take the pan oil' the tire and mix in tl.e pulp. It is best to put a little of tue sugar to the pulp and keep on adding by decrees till it is tolerably thin, when it will mix more rapidly with a large quantity sugar. When all is well mixed return the the pan to the lire and let the mixture get thoroughly warm, hut lo not allow it to boil, and stir all the time or it will get burned. Put the jam into jars and allow it to stand in the sun for two or three days, when there ought tube a thick crust on the top. This marmalade is very good for colds, and a spoonful mixed in a half a glass of wine is considered strengthening. A in. f. Jelly. Make a siryp of a pound of sugar, putting in sufficient water to dissolve it. When boiled enough lay in it the jieeled and cored halves of some large sour apples. Let them simmer till tender, then lay them carefully in a dish so that they will remain unbroken and in good shape. Add another pound of sugar to the sirup, let it boil, skim it, and when partly cool pour it over the apples. When the dish gets cold each dainty piece of apple will be surrouuded by a delicious jlly. Eat with cream. UnycB asdAiplk Preserve. Have onethird weight of sweet apdes pared, cored and quartered; equal weight of sugar and fruit. When the quinces are boiled tender take theinout; boil the apples in the quince water, put them into the sirup and let them boil until they look red and cloar; an hour and a half is not too long. Do not boil the quinces in the s'irup, but put layers of the apple, when done, into jars with the quince, previously cooked tender, in water, and pour the sirup over them. FA KM JiOTIS. Orleans County, X. Y., is afflicted with a new apple worm. Coarse straw makes a good mulch, if free from weed seeds. It is bft to clean ont the grauaries before

storing grain every serson, in order to prevcnfweevil. AH fruits ripen better in the dark than in tbe light, tomatoes included, says the Farm Journaa. Tbe largest creamery in the world is at "West Andover, 0.. and it works Up the liulk of 1,500 cows. TV f IK, GAnknn'n rrr.fctvfli sli.ltihl

be cut from grapo vines gooseberry and cur rant bushes any time irom tne jsi ot November to tbe middle of December. One cause of a failure to procure eggs at this time is the moulting of the hens Those tbat moult the earliest will begin to lay the soonest, and should be kept for winter laying. Young calves should not be allowed to become stnnte! for want of proper care or a sufficient supply of milk. Push them from the start whether intended for veal or the dairy. Says Fuller, in his Small Fruit Culturist: "I do not believe there is one acre of strawberries in a thousand cultivated in this country that yields over one half what it would if "the ground were properly prepared before planting." The thorough airing given to cream by the centrifugal machine has a vi ry purifying effect. With 2,'HX) revolutions a minute, the cream gets more airing in that time than in a day in a 6till atmosphere. It also purities the skim milk. The weight d a horse is an important item ill istiniating his value for lraft purposes, says the Western Agriculturist, for the tineboned horse, with well-developed muscles, may do as much work as the heavier-boned one for a short time, and is even better for road purposes, but in plowingor other heavy, Steady drawing, the light horse becomes useless. Then, in price, the weight is an important item. If a gocxl horse weighs over ' ,0U0 pou nils lie readily sells for more than a dollar per pound; I.SOO to '.'.Quo pounds, for less than a dollar per pound. I nder that that the price readily declines, 1,200 to I, iU0 pound grade horses Sellins at twentyrive and thirly cents rer lound, though it is considerably more than any other grade of stock on the farm will bring. If a plant le burned in the air !tö per cent. of it will disappear in invisible gases, ditl'uscd into the surrounding air, and S er cent, of it will remain unburned, constituting the ash. The combustible parts are composed of four elements carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen. The ash is composed of nine elements potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, silicon, chlorine, phosphorus and sulphur. Theso last are conveniently tailed the ash minerals. The ash minerals exist in all soils, but not, as frequently suiosed. in inexhaustible supply, for experience demonstrates that the phosphates are especially liable to become, alter continuous cropping, leticient for the full need of our cereal crops. In like manner, in some soils, potash and lime are deficient Ir. Elizey in American Farmer (.Baltimore). The Massachusetts Ploughman among other things talks suggestively about the compost heap, saying that it is a good plan to have one for the benefit of the farm. The compost heap may be made of roal scraings, the scouring of ditches, the cleanings of ponds, clippings from banks and hedgerows, scrapings and sweep-ngs of farmyards, garden ret use. house refuse, and indeed all sorts of rubbish may be added to a comrost heap, i-.ven weeds win decay and then help to swell the material for enriching the land. The heap should occasionally be cohered over with a layer of lime, and a layer of salt now and then is also a good addition. These materials arc beneficial in themselves, and keep weels from seeding on the top of the heap. The compost should be turned over from time to time, and when welt mixed the land may be Iressed with it either in spring or autumn. The value of sorghum as food for sheep is demonstrated by the statement of a member of the Kansas' Wool Growers" Association, whu-h was that "he had tried sorghum as a sheep food with success. He had 4,.W0 sheep feeding on it that winter in one place and 2.ÜUO in another. Ho thouxht that tif y acres Ot sorghum, drilled m at the rate ot about a peck to the acre, being careful not to gt it too thick, ami cutting one half up to feed in stormy weather, would put J,Oito sheep through the winter. He used the Minnesota, amber and orange seed varieties. Amber was the sweetest, but it shelled out more." The above experiment is a valuable one for farmers possessing light soil, which are adapted to sorghum, as it will enable many to keep sheep who have heretofore refrained f rm so doing, and, according to the claim of Mr. Webster "that fifty acres will thus supfort l.utusneep, tne profits should be very arge. The Riverside Press and Horticulturist says that those who have tried the new plant called evergreen mulct speak very favorably of it. It docs well on very dry soils, as the roots go down from five to fifteen feet into the earth. It grows to a height of from six to eight feet, aud resembles orchard grass. It is highly relished by all kinds of stock. The ew ork Topic says that seed sown in New Jerev in May, in drills eighteen inches apart, at the rate of four pounds per acre, grew so fast that a cultivator was used on the crop in twelve days after the plants were up. After that time no cultivation was possible, owing to the astonishing growth, which crowded down all other vegetation. The first cutting was made July 1, just forty-hve days alter sowing. It was seven feet high, ami weighed. green, thirty tons to the acre, and six and a nail tons dry. I tie second cutting was on the l.'dh of August. It was then nine feet high, weighed fifty-live tons green and eight tons dry. Mr. W. F. Masscy, a correspondent of the American Farmer, (Baltimore) says: 'The more 1 observe the habits of all our fruit trees the more I am convinced that all fruit trees of mature ae ought to be kept in short grass and annually manured. The best feed ing roots of these trees are the surface roots. which are injured or destroyed in cultivating. The blight in the ear tree is more fre quent among trees that are cultivated than among those standing in the sod. The fungus which blights the tops starts from the laoer.it ed rtots." This agrees with the account of the exin'riem e of two Newheld (N. J.) Iruit growers, lately published in this column. The tre-s on one farm that were cultivated blighted, while those on the other, that were kept in gsass, are bearing now, ami both orchards were planted at the same time, ou adjoining farms, with only a few yards distance between them, the trees being bought from the same nurseryman and grown on the same kind jf soil. Mr. F. E. Bishop, in Poultry Messenger, gives the following plan for constructing a poultry fence: "Take common fence boards, rip them in two; then take three short pieces, three feet long, and nai! one to each end of the two pieces and one in the middle; it is then a ianel of the length desired; now nail on lath three inches apart. The way I fasten is by a wire around the post and the end of the panel. Where there is not much wind a post at each end. will do, but one in the midfile may be necessary. The panel feuce can be moved very readily. I also make a fence by setting posts thirty feet apart, then stretching plain fence wire from one post to the other. One wire is six inches from the ground and the Other thirty inches higher. Then 1 stretch a small wire (binding wire) parallel with the other two, and one between the two large wires. Lathes are then wove in as close as may be desired. The large wire must be made fast to the posts with staples, and the small ones left loose till the lathes are in place, when the wire should be drawn tight. A writer in the National Live Stock Journal says that the practice of breeding yearling ewes in the fall following their first clip is teconiins: too prevalent. It dwarfs the growth, enfeebles the constitution and reduces the weights of the fleece; and the chance of raising a feeble lamb is but a poor return for the certain injury done to the flock. When a young ewe produces a lamb it is far l-etter to put it on a mature ewe which may have lost her own lamb, because it injures a young ewe njtre to raise than to

I reduce a lamb; sie may outgrow the efl'ect of giving birth, but can not supply the waste resulting from nourishing her offspring. With the demand for good sheep in fair condition far exceeding the sUDDly, it would seem there is inducement enough to prompt f'ock-masters to put forth their best efi'orts. Yhe man who treats Iiis shcop kindly and well will meet his reward, and he who lets his flock sutler will not escape. His punv

fwes lose their lambs, if they survive themselves; his clip of. wool will be light in weight, weak and unhealthy in fibre. short in staple and low in price. Professor William llrown, superintendent of the Ontario Agricultural College farm. states, as the rsult of experiments made dur ing lcSlM: ( 1 ) That fodder corn was harvested and stored in silo at a cost not exceeding 1 per ton, exclusive of cultivation; (-1 that this ensilage cave b Jer cent, less milk, ü) per cent, less butter, and that of poorer market able quality in color than s?wede turnips; ('!) that Swede turnips, weight for weight with mangels and sugar beets, and iu association with equal quantities of otner foods, gave the lowest returns in feeding cattle, ot1.'M ouuds per day. while mangels gave .'18 pounds per lay. and sugar beets gave '2.10 pounds per day under similar conditions. On the other hand. Professor Samuel Johnson, of the Michigan Agricultural College farm, on which roots have been long and successfully grown for stock feed, finds in his experiment of last winter a confirmation f the conclu sions indicated by those of the winter before. namely, tbat corn ensilage is a cheaper stock food than roots. A correspondent OI the Country Gentleman proclaims rye the great pasture grass. He says; Bye can be graze I for years all the season as a jiernianent pasture gras-. In a tw or three days visit near Adrian, Mich., the fact came to my knowledge that rye had in that country been regularly grazed as a pasture grass for three years in succession, affording good pasture to the end of that period. Bye is a very hardy, deep rooted and vigorous grass, and grows freely anl vigorously on almost any soil; even when it is very difficult to grow the finer ordinary pasture grasses in dry seasons, and since it takes several years to establish a trood compact grazing soil with the best grasse?, why is it not preferable to plant the hardy rye. which can be grazed for live or six seasons as readily as for two or three, when it is not allowed to become an annual by forming seed heads? Rye gives ea-ly spring feed and late fall grazing, if the Jtnd be in a nnxleratly good condition. For ewes and lambs no grass will supply earlier feed. We have orten called our readers' attention to the fact that the hardfnesa of plants does not depend on temperature alone. An evergreen will endure a much lower temperature in England than it will in America, w hile a leciduous tree, killed by a fewdegrees of frost in England, will endure zero in America. In our climate one of the most delightful of very hardy shrubs is CaUcarpe purpurea. We. have known it to endure eighteen degrees below zero, and how much more we uo not know. In contrast with this we have the following from the lonilon Warden: "In one of the houses in .Messrs. Veitch's nursery there is a line specimen of this !d but uncommon plant, with its long, slender shoots completely' wreathed with dense clusters of bright purple berries, a lit tie larper than gunshot. We have hitherto seen this plant grown in a greenhouse, but here it has eeii grown with great success in a warm and moist house. We have never seen a liner example, and it well shows what a beautiful plant it is when grwn well, it will retain its berries throughout the winter, and will be highly ornamental. Hardeners' Monthly. KNOTTY PROBLEMS. Our readers are invited to furnish original enig IBR.. charades, rhldle, rebuses and other "knotty probleuiS," addressing all communications relative to this department to K. V- Chadbourn. Lewiston, Maine. No. ill 8 Onarade. Within luv first the solemn notes i music iise and fall nnd '. t: The tapers burn, the Sowers fade. And on the broad, worn colonnade 'I'be people pass with reverent uir 'J o worshippine and praise and prayer. Hut each of these must fade awav. As fade those silken blossoms gay; And as expires the toper's light. .so theirs inunt merge in uusecu night. A couch that's as my second broad Will be their jnirtion in tbe sod. Within my whole, where willow trees bend down bciiemh the passing breeze, A nd t-carce a step a purl is found Full many a low sunk gra sy mound, The half-forgotten resting place if son:e of our frail human race. All hough no tears are scattered there, Forget-me-nots are blooming fair, As if a wistful prayer to say Krora one who long siuce passed away. The willows sing a sougoi rest. And o'er each cold and quiet breast The breeze sigh, tbe grasses heave, 1 he tun beams here their meshes weave. K. No. 619. Fractions. l. One-eighth of Xew Haven, one-filth of Alton, one-tenth of Burlington, one-seventh of Madison, one-seventh of orwich, one seventh of New York, equals what capital? 1 i One-tenth of Buena Vista, one-seventh of Chicago, one-aevenlh of Augusta, one eighth of Portland, two-sevenths of New ork, equals what metrojoIis, seaport and capital 6. One-fifth of Maine, one-fifth of Texas one-ninth of Wisconsin, one-seventh of Wy oming, one-fonrth ol Ohio, one-sixth f Oregon, one-eighth of Kentucky, squals what State? I5LANVHF No. 60. Rebus. ; N E 1). lly President, sedate, serene, Hy commonwealth, or King andQuccu, 'this may be said of every nation: To 1x9 tbe above's its destination. K. Ko. 521. Numerical Puzzl. Wandering about the country . roads ona day, 1 passel tlm house where lived Miss Mehitable Jones, a t, ', 4 old maid. Fronting her neat cottage was a pretty garden, w here the 5, tl, 7, X, and the 1, 2, :, 4. ö, , , S were luxuriantly growing. The sight of so much beauty warmed my heart toward the lonely ami unloved cultivator. Uncle Clav de. No. 1122. Fem nine A dornment. In the dark and rocky mountain Lies my first; Through the golden of my second Poppies borst. While the princess ou her breast Wears my ail: In the peasant maiden's tresses Poppies fall. K. No. C23. Acrostic. Each word has eight letters, and the last three letters of each word are the same. The initials name a well known bird. I. I am a native of one of the British Isles. I dwell on a well-known Grecian Mount 3. Find me in one of the divisions of Great Britain. 4. Find me in a desert land of Western Asia. ä. Fiml me in ancient Austria. C Find me among an ancient wandering people. 7. I am one addressed by St. Paul in a letter. r'. One who adopted the style of a famous British poet. i I mingled in the games of classic Greece. 10. I am in a province of Southern Europe. II. I am a native of one of England's richest shores. s. d. g. The October Prize. A line "Dic'ionary of Poetical Quotations" is to be presented the reader of the Sentinel who furnishes the best lot of answers to tbe "Knotty Problems" published during October. Fach weeks' solutions should be mailed

w:tfcin8ix day's after the puules appear in the Sentinel. Tbe -award of the September prize will be annoynce! next week. auntrit S tee'.e; Poe: Emerson; N elson; ' ampbel! ; K milieu ; R ead. i7. "The SehonWe Cotta Family."'

.Mrs. Charles M)?. Diameter of the garden, sixtc-en rods nearly; width of walk, four feet. if!. -Neurhbor lna-lorcl. ;10. Mar-i-gold. (,I1..-I. Älllphion. Ü. faliope. Terp sichore 4 Oedipus. It iühnril tohel'.pve liv Whit t ir wasrnred of such terrible ores by Hood's Sarsaparilla, but reliable people prove it. "I notice that Mr. George Antust us Sal says: 'The United State, as at present controlled, is a paradise for women. Now, wnat i want to Know is, wnere is .Mr. tieorge Augustus Sala .' Let me get at him." Susan i . . , j. .iniiiouy. "Do you know why you aud George remind me of two shades of one color?" asked a young lady of a companion who had been engaged for a good many yean. "No, " was the reply. "I'll tell you. then; it's because you don't match." Philadelphia Call. lnle other articles of their Kind arelarely adulterated, 1 r. Price's Cream Baking Powders holl their unshaken position in the estimation of thousands as the purest, best, most reliable and cheapest. In all particulars that constitute jHTb-M't results they can not Ik? approached by the various known Baking Powders in the market. All Around the House. A delicious "not sauce for puddings is made of six tablespoon fu Is of sugar, two of butter, and one gg: beat the butter, sugar, and the yolk of the egg together, then add the white beaten to a froth : lastly stir in a teacupful of boiling water and a teaspoouful of vail ilia. A delicious way to prepare baked apples lor tea is to cut out the -ore iielore baking. When ready tosend to the table (ill the space left in the apple with sweet cream with a lit tie towdered sugar in it uinces are also excellent prepared in the same way. In these butter may take the place of cream it more convenient. The balsamic healing and soo'hing proper ties of Samaritan Nervine are something marvelous. "My brother, aged nineteen, had lits from Ins infancy. Samaritan Nervine cured linn. A. W. Curtis, Osakis, Minn. $1.00 at lruggists'. UMTI.R II. "MaUlcu. Mass., Feb. 1, is0. Mentlemen 1 suffered wiih attacks of sick headache." "Neuralgia, female trouble, for years in the most terrible nnd excruciating man ner. No medicine or doctor could give mc relict or cure until I us-d Hot Bitters. "The first lniule Nearly cured me;'1 The seeoml made me as well and strong as when a child. "And I have been so to this day." My ht:sband was an invalid for twenty years w itli a serious "Kidney, liver and urinary complaint, "Pronounced by Roston's I est physi cian Incurable:'' Seven bottles of your bitters cured him, and I know of the "Lives of eight iersons" In my neighborhood that have been saved by your bitters. And many more are using them with great benet.t. "They almost Do miracles!" Mrs E. D. Slack. Among the Follies of the Age which the introluctioii of Sozodont long since explode! was tbe use of abrasive and corrosive tooth preparations, which either contained minerals which scratched their enamel or acids which dissolved it. Sozodont a health promoting substitute for these em pirical articles, is a botanic, skimully prc pared, highly sanctioned preparation, which not only beautifies, cleanses and invigorates sanron-colored and detective teeth, but di vests the breath of an objectionable odor and restores to it that of health. Instantly Relieved. Mr. Ann I.aeonr. of New Orleans. La., writes "1 have a sou who has been sick for two vears: he has been attended by our leading physicians but ail to no purpose. 1 his morning he had his usual spell of coughing, and was so greatly prostrated in consequence that death teemed imminent. We had in tlie house a bottle of Dr. William Hall's Balsam for the Lüne, purchased by my husband, who nouccu your aoveriisement yeteruay. We adminis tered it according to directions, and he was in stantiy relieved. Durno's Catarrh Snu ft' cures catarrh aud all aflectioui of tbe mucous membrane. taker's Pain Panacea cures pain in man and beast. For Ufe externally ami internally. rt ' H TCf .- , c2. R Trie, lKfc.A i im rim &OJL 3aPjra.XPsTCURES Rheumatism, Neuralgia, Sciatica, Lumbago, Backache. Headache, Toothache. Core Tbroat, Nwllinc. Kpraln. Briiiaee Jtnrn. Noalds. Frsmt lilies. 11 ALL OTHIR Willi LT PAINS AMI At It ES. C4 tj lrulMo4 Oraler, evrr.irh. Fifty U.U. boltl. Direction, ia 11 L.ogures. THE CIIARLF. A. YOtEI.ER CO. tEfcmcr. w A. TObtO. A CO-1 Haiti Mr, 14n CS. A. HALL'S' Oa Recommended by Physicians! s 1 oo mm ffidffini i vTetnamifactnrt and cell itvitba pOSitlVd rrjarantee that It will cure any ae snd Trewill forfeit the above amouat iiitlaiijin a oinßlo instance, . i It is unliko av other Catarrh rerfledT.&f Mistaken Internatly, acting upon thO tllOOd. If yc-u aro troubled Trith this eistreseing dnease.ssi: yourPmr:Blstrbrit,and iccxrr o ufiTATic ob ErDiTiTrra. Ifbj bas not fret it, send to us and we will forward taunediately. Pric "5 cents per bottle. - . f. J. CHENEY &. G., Toledo. Ohio. Tfl VDTTVf 11 PU wbo wU,n t learn Steam 1U 1UU IlU laLll Engineering .send your same WltulOc In stamps to F. KKFBY, Engineer, Bridgeport. Conn. . jr) a week. tl2 a day at home easily mad $16 Costly outfit free. Address True k Oo., Aurnru. Maina CRK a week In your own town. Terms and S3 outfit $VV Ire. Address JJ. Ballett 6 Co.. i'orUand, Me

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STRONG FACTS!

A great many people are asking what pamculax troubles EiOWN"! Iron Bitteils is good for. It will cure Heart Disease, Tara! ysis, Dropsy, Kidney Disease, Con icmption, Dyspepsia, Rheumatism, Neuralgia, and all similar diseases Its wonderful curative power. i imply because it purifies and enriches tie bvx;d, thus beginning ay the foundauoc, rx ty building , the .-Sein, drives out II diseave. 4 Lidy Cure1 1 ' .r.euTatxm. F.alt'.Brr , .:,.., May y, lrfc. My htil.:. m s much sht.rred t- -tKtunut.' i wSca I ccmnicxert liiur ro n's refi Filier-, ir.d 1 ca . . -i strength encuph to aw Icd! MtHf i'ai'.y houirhoiU duties. 1 an r-' ';iVt''t third l-cttie sr.d am fiv ;.vt Hrenth c.ly, and I chei t' .i.y vt t-Timtod it toaiL I i i. in of My too tnch in praise tf it. .M.S. ÜAfcV E. h'fcA'-HhAS, Xidr.ey D'seace Cured. Christian? burg, V'a., iff r. '"ufTeiirp from kidney i -CiSt fr in v h.h 1 CO. ild pet no r-!,tf, , lr td Ttowd's Iren Litters, -SücV cu.cd r..e ccir.pltttly. A ih.ltf if n.iie, recovering from carltt fever. Lad no r peine and c d net uem to Italic tct..ti!L 1 gave him Iroafciticrs wafc the trp.-. t resets. J. Xil MMium Heart Disease. Vine St., H?.rr'Vurp, Ta I v-c. s, jt-s i. After try-nj; :fferet i.y?ciar ar.ri ir.ar.y remedies for pa!put:oa tf ihe heart without receiving any ter.efit, I msadvAtdtotrv l run Irca l.ittcrs. 1 have ued two tetlies ir,d never fcund anyihir ;Ua ave lue so tauch trhtf. Mrs. JtNJ Hes for the peculiar troubles to whiclr ladies are subject, Prcwn's lacet JTTRS is invaluable. Try it. r5 sure nd get trie Genuine. nlSmiU)VPOWEEV CORES. fOlUMPHREYSr I IOMEOPATHIC LQIspecifics: In oe 30 yenrs. Each number tbe tpertal rreorlption of an eminent physietan Tbe only e-imple, Hafeand teure Medicines for tbe po I lun ramcTPAL kos. cckis. . raica. I. Fevers, Congestion, Inflaraatlom 26 S. Worm., Worm lcr, Worm Colic... .Si 3. ! i'olie. or Teething of Isfaaia ,7.V 4. Diarrhea of children cr Adults 2 A. Pvientary, Griping. Elllloui CoBc,..- .33. . bolera Morbus. Vomttiog, .24 7. f'ousha. Cold. Bronchitis T .'2BK. ruraila. Toothache, l-aeewhe u 9. Headaches. Sick Headache. Vertigo .?& 10. lkynpepsia. IUI to us t torn ach, 5."V 11. nn pressed or Painful I'erioif 2ft 12. him, too Hrofus Periods, ji 14. ('roup. Cough, Liimcult Breathing- 2a 14. fcalt Hbenm, Jr.ryslpelas, Eruptions, .2 16. HhenmatUm. iUtPUMatlc Pain? 2ft 1 K. Fever and Acoe. Chill, FevT, Agues .AO 17. Pilea. bund or Ueedinir .. . H. tfl. f'atarrh. aoute or chronic; Influenza AO 5 1 Whooping Couth, violent coaph. .AO 2 I. General llebilitv. Physical WealLess AO 27. Kidney bee AO 3. Nervou Debility 1 4M SO. t'l-inary Weakness. Wettlna- tbe bed . ZZ. Disease or the Heart, Palpitation. 1 K Sold by druggists, or Beut by the Case. Or f Id rle Vl.il, fre. of rh.irtre. on receipt cr price. Send for Ir. Humphrey. 'Rook on I)Imw e. (i4 pajresi, also Illustrated t alaloue EH EE. Address, Humphreys' ilomeopaibir .Medicine Co.. 109 Fulton Street. Aew York. Tfte Milwaukee Medical and I Surgical Institute. (Chartsrcd by b Stale L t'Atj'e ) S.W. Cor. East Water and Mason Sts., Milwaukee, Wis. For the speedy and permanent cure of all Fpeoal. Nervous an4 Chronic A flections, (ileet. S trio, tu re, SyphiTis In all its forma. Blood andfcklD Iieaes, Keminaf and rvou Iiebilitv. attended ry tuosa or Memory, Evil For, boding. Premature Jm-csy. etc Also all fleet ions o the Kidneys and Kladder, Jibeumatiom, Piles, Chronic Caiarrb aLd burglri I)isae penernl'T. TO YOUNG MEB.ääWä'Syocrf men Just tbs book for fathers to put la their tone' hands. fSEXT FEI CD receipt of 19 lent vtftmp. Dr. M 1 1 llama, located In tbe same ofBc for15 -ears, is a regular physician, wbo has made ay specialty of aber ailments, for years, of estab Iished reputation as a pbvslclan and surgeon, welt known and recommended by leadiog cittzena. Patients unable to viait bim ran be treated bv Correspondence and have harmless remediea. aafe and sure, requiring no chacre of diet or business, sect by mail or eipresa in plain package. TboH !a need of honest, scientific treatment. Should consult bim before jeopardising- their c..,a with quacks woo make flee promit-es but fall Ht cure. Address T. WILLIAMS. rYUD. (Attending Phyitian.) ta I LWAU KEE. WItX HAPPY BELIEF Speedily obtained In II stase of Chronic Digeases, embracing the various forms of t'kin Lis eae?. Kheumatituri, Scrofula, Itimary an-1 Secoodary Syphilis, Gleet, Irjipotcm-y. SeminAl weaknes and Spermatorrhea permanently cur-.-d. Skill and experience can be relied on. as I am a graduate of medicine and surgery, and longer locxted la this city thau any other physician in my pcialty. I have madea tpecial study of Female I:seies and their treatment. Can give permanent relief In Inflammation or Ulceration of Worrb, Painful and St: ppresed Menses. Keliable Pills, with full pointed directions, sent -to any atWrew for SI per bor; CouEUltation free and invited. F. M. ABBETT, M. D., No. 23 Virginia A renne, Iniianpolia. K. . l'lease note the number, and thus avoid orhce near with same name. A BfiOi 10 MEN All iIwm vh fr indiwrrtton.. .itmri t tibn r... an k, inomi k THriid. k.Tneall;r dnuaeA. sad aukle as seflasi life's datlea rraprrl.'. ess bt cms. a y and rtnaMtl. eared, without (tooiirta medicion. F.Ddarwd svaVetora.' Kl.wtpr. sad tfc. frtat. Tht Kmdieml a'twAiy m.w TA ! SHU f uraiiD. .Verve. Debility. Pay .teal tteeay, A 1 Boll? upcraeded br 1 11 K M AkhTON KOLl Kv Ana keaeleas eases atrared f erim nMorstfcsa a fall tad e fac4 BuahMd. Siapl. effrettK, leaaiy. .leaMai, I tad) frOTMia. Cn..ttna vtth pli..eiu hY. TaLAJtaxo BF.lir.PT OO 4 . ttb 8V. 9m TarfW lo an suflerina with Catarrh or Broacnuis olio aamestiy oesire reuer. i can turnisn a means vi rermanent and rosrtivt Curt. A Home Treatment No charge for consultation br mail. Valua bl Treatise Free. Certificates treat Doctors, Lawyers, Ministers. Business-awe. Address Rev. T. P. CHILDS. Troy. OU. STrVOT: I I , fi tin , - 'i-'ir '- " " l i" VnTTVn UrV Address DR. JAMES WILfO, lUUrlLt IulII Cleveland. O.. lor fats t biet. In plain esled envelope, of our IX?TRC "iENT (WOF.K NIGHTS) and metbod of f'urirg NlRbJ KmwtAi". Pimple Cheap. n1 N üVF T AT1. FOR Q F OR SALE Matthews' Patent Renewable ittxaorandum Book. Send for natoplc err oo! price list. Samples sent postpaid to acytddrea ODeript of Mlcert lor No f, or 40 Cent for No, 3. a a areas fcjs.N i us kx. wurAi i uoaoapoua.

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