Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 30, Number 19, Indianapolis, Marion County, 14 June 1882 — Page 7

THE INDIANA STATE SENTINEL, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 14, 1882.

OUR FARMERS' BUDGET.

Some Sajlngs About Ensilage -Silier, Mirer Men and Farmers. Pruning for. Juno What Fancy Farmers Have Done Heavea in Horses. What the Breed Do Cabbage tor Stock Pasture for Uog-a Farm and Workshop Note. SomSA1gi About Ensilage. iiJw York Tribune.! A misinformed person rurjdit easily tenagIne that the .champions of the silo wve all interested i the sale of a ensilage -cutter or other patent in some way conneefcd with the new tystera of sloriwg fodder. One im pulsive critic has dared o maintain that the enthusiasts of the pieifing prices? couldn't see anything against their hoWty if it were written in letters as krge as the troadside of the biegest barn in w Englazsd. I the ef fusiveness thus parofiied the Tect of tu alcskolic fumes of "tie "cow Irout" on the huiran victim? If so, it suyesta an added l,Vjr for the torcperance ivocates.' The F.ru Journal kasthis captien to an incisive article against rsilage: "J. Bald Humbug Knocked on UieSIead ' Sectary liusseil, cf the Massachusetts Board of Agriculture, 'says the use of ensilage lersens the amount of cream, aodbstter from, it shows it? flaror. Messrs. Epliraim Chamberlain and Joseph II. Walker, Worcester, Vass.. "iuvestigaJnc and thinting-cien," arequoted as opposed to ensilage. Che Uuial-New Yorker insinuates that there are "crazy-heads" connected with "the abating ensilage excitement A corresp'aodoi writes that he visited the Pompton -silos a yet. ago and was not ereativ Biprssea witn tne system as teen there and vrith the proprietor's method of presentingthe subject. Secretary Kussel! is quoted in the New England Farmer as having seid iu a recent public address that he and othi "opposed the pretension of ensilage supporters at the outset, because they began by claiming what was imjrsiDle, anc because there was an evwem purpose of speculation on the partol some ; of some its advocates." Meanwhile the search for truth at the bottom f the ailo goes -en, and there is labor still for the-Grad-grinda, "men of facts and calculations, men with measuring stickd and multiplication tabVcs always in their tockets." Intpeaking of his experience in ifeeding ensilage to dairy stock, J. W. Walcott, of Rea-iviHe, Mass., sta'trs: "As tri the quality o! th cream, I can ay that by feeding lifty p indc of ensilaged maize and one quart of cotton-seed meal, tne increase 07er the amount when feeding English hay and six quarts of corn meal averaged 25 per cent, in mitk and -10 per cent. In butter from the milk, which is a total gain in butter of 37 i poremt. The butter, brings the highest market price in Boston." A learned and scientific member of the .Iccs?.chusetts State Board of Ariculture, who claims to have solved the mystery connected with the difference in tlie nutrious value cf green and dry food, asserts in substance that any food for mas and beast may be dried and nothing lost but pare water. Would this member of- the State Board ,selett for his breakfast dried beef and water ' irxste.idof the juicy beefsteak? Would he f refer his salid composed of dried lobster with-dried lettuce or cellery? Such nonesense finds no favor with .dumb brutes, whose natural, appetites prefer succulent fcod to dry forage, whose instiucs lead them to eet well-preserved ensilage in preference ' to dried grass or straw. Those eminently conservative individuals who condemn ensitugo because they have never tested its merits themselves are quite certain that the milk product of cows fed "undr this new system must be 'inferior in quality. We can dispel all sbch illusions By av.'ell authenticated case in point. George WFlttcher, of Belmont, Mass., who-has had practical experience with ensilage and feeds it to hi3 cows, states that one of his neighbors who was unable to find scch cow's milk as would nourish his six-iaonths-old infant, prevailed upon him to supply a given quantity from one of his cows. Mr. JHetcher hesitated, but finally, afterinforming the neighbor that his cow was fed no hay, her daily rati(K being ensilage with one jint of cornmeal and two quarts of shorts, consented to furnish the quantity desired. Upon this ensilage milk the child is now thriving wonderfully, gaining strength and -116311. We feel-eafe in reconinieudicg a similar supply of tuik to some of the doubting professor?, with the assurance that such a dietary would stiiieni.sp their backbones. Heaves in Horses. Connecticut Farmer J .mere are several diseases Known among darners ts heaves, some curable .and some ccot..ad requiring thererfor veterinary examination before deciding upon the form of rdiseaseand consequent remedy. The broken winded horse i3 called hem' when the real trouble is in the throat, some of the muscles -of the throat being paraivzed. Aain, horse full fed on dry and musty hay -with no jrrain, often seems badly aifeeted with heaves in-starting out, but after long driving and plentv of ennk appears greatly improved There are- t;-pes of the disease which an or dinary condition i-owder, -aod especia.ly -one .containing saltpetre, win ameliorate-, Where the. trouble is with, an -excess-of dry hay, the feeding of smaller qunntities-cf cut ieed, mixedv-vitb rye brau, and the mixture wet up with warm water, will of ton prove of much sernce. -Silver nd Silver Men auid fKriucri. The followitg letter we nd in the New York Juveniag Post: Allow rie tojmnke use of your valuaUeoolumns te.nlead the tau; of trie poor. neslctd farmers wlose hörest wem to be entirely .fotgouenty their notaii: at Representatives in -Congress. We ha? norr i-ofc-re tin the prospect of an unprecedented wheat crvv, wliicii, without t,.a-eriiiue::t inte 'ftrcaeo, nt lower prices to a decree that wiE leave tLe farmor little remuneration for his labor. To i revest this let Co:Kies bassa bill to! purchase, ok bebai! of the Government, all the whect oilered at Cblngo, below fixier busttel, and titore the saue nnti consumers are willing to take it-at cost. Tbia will prevent its export hr sale WWreiKi :rs at b e low price -their mtSiViniTj will prvbably4roiupt tbem to ofl-ar, wiUi tU expecutita, Uinngh tar ceap food tiered. by us, of underselling our roauufacturen. Now. all mnst CQumead the txttviotic couduotof Corusress In so bravely pK.tectiiir the lnterets of our got-at silver roiucenmby ma tin; a fair price such as foreiznersoujtht to-4-e willtütt to give and storing U'ie ' silver ia tne Uui bed ot.ts Treasury anttl they come to tiir senais. thu. preventing ufae RreedV rascals rcoi obut'.uii.x oayment in p! ie fur what is due then, except atourovra price, they harlnfj giren us ts make tne debt nothing but .paltry raerb&ndlse, the px!uct of paupr labor, ' t2nd for w btt they houla gladly accept food a; .our prices or pty a jopf r premiuin oa our tliver. a farmer axe.juiUf willing to pay a proper price it steel rsilsr wIac.'i to transport our e0i8 to sntu'ket such a rlceart willput a fair profit into the pockets ofheauc ljnia pctriou who soaobly flit, their capital Li employing our labor at tins xtcavAgsnt prk-ef &i 17 per dty. rather thaa e tiieic rufihea by Ote la&tr of I '-nrope. or see tb poor farmers deji'ieat upon foreigners for the iron tley need. We liierelore bavo no doubt tbee patriotic sliver an4 woei aaen wiC heartily agre with as In the necessity for pret-emiug fortmonopoilrts from obtaiiiinr cheaa food for their pauper laborers at onr exeie. iVe also feel sure that It is only neceatury to call Cho attention til the patriotic Kentleneu meatloued to tbe facts aa stated to obtain tbelr corawt co-operation wit Coagres iu ii;rtbersnce of the proposal legisl . uveacuon. rAKMta.; Kew York. May 27. lSSi Prasting tu Jan. We have tried pruning in almost II months of the year, and on the whole prefer June. This belüg about the busiest month of the year, there is usually little time for pruning, and so he favorite time

is early in the spring, and many of our old orchards, in their rotting limba and decayed trunks, bear testimony to the mis-' chief done by the ill-timed use of the saw

and axe. Small limbs, an tnen in diameter or less, can be taken off at any time with comparative- safety. But the thorough pruning called for in a tong-neglected orchard is best done in the early summer. Tl aap is absorbed by the rapid formation of wood and leaves: the wood laid bare in pruning lar?e limbs soon becomes seared, the healing process aronnd the edges of th wound begins immediately, and in a fr years the wound will tve completely covered with new wood a-sd bark. There is no chance for decay aa when large limbs are removed in early tpilng. There is far too little pruning done in the farm orchard. A dead limb should not be suffered upon the fruit tree. Good pruning leaves no etubs, but cuts close to the trunk or branch bearing the excised lirnb. What Farocy Farmers Hv one. Sua Fraaciico Chrooicrej Tby tested theories while orfiere raised crops (or ruwrkets; tbey have given a glory to farming it would not otherwise possess. Fancy farmers have changed the wild hog int the Suffolk and Berkshire, the wild cattle of Britain into shorthorns, the mountain teep with its lean body and fcair fleece into the Southdown and merino. They brought up the ixilk of cows from pints to gallons. They have lengthened the sirloin of the (bullock, enlarged the ham l the hog, given strength to the shoulder of the ox, rendered finer the wool of the sheep, aaaea horse, and made more animal that is kept in tbe They have improved and fleetness to the beautiful every service of man. hastened the development of all "domestic aniuiali till tbey scarcely resemble tbe ones from which they sprang. Fancy farmers introduced irrigation and underdraining; also grinding and coefcing for stock. They have brought guano from Peru and nitrate of soda from Chili. They introduced and domesticated all the plants we have of foreign origin. They brought out the theory of the rotation of crops as a natural means of keeping up and increasing the fertility of the soil. They ground up gypsum and bones, and treated the latter with acid to make manures of peculiar value. They first analyzed coil as a means of determining what was wanted to increase its fertility. They introduced the most improved methods of raising and dis ributing water. Fancy farmers or fancy horticulturists hare given us all oar varities of fruits, vegetables and flowers. A fancy farmer in Vermont a lew years ago originated the Early Rose potato, which added millions of dollars to the wealth of the country and proved a most important accession in every part of the world where introduced. Anorher of these same fancy men originated the Wilson strawberry and another the Concord grape. But it is unnecessary to enumerate: any one who will take the trouble to investigate a little or reflect will readily tee and will cheerfully accord the praise that is justly due to the men who are called "fancy farmers." WItat the- Breed Does. Herewith are given the results gained by several of the members of the Kansas and Iowa Woolgrowers' Association. They are wortli the attention of all interested in the productian of wool. Tpon one farm" fifty acres of sorghum cane one half cut and the other half left standing 3upjorted 1,0(0 fheep during the winter in good condition. One breeder stated that his stock of fullblood merinos averaged twelve pound of unwashed wool per head, and that he could make a pound of lutton from them as easily as from any other breed. From another soHrce it was learned that a Mock of 177 pure merinos also averaged twelve poumU of wool, and that sixty-four sheep had been fed on two pounds of hay per head, for twelve days, and tifty-six pounds ot corn. The Cotswolds had been known to weigh as high as 400 Iounds, but the merinos were the hardiest. The lattT were in favor with buyers for the reason that the pelts pull from two to three pounds more wool than the cross-breeds or common Aheen. Another breeder, whose Hock nuniteted more than 200, all I .merinos, fed no grain whatever, and the sheep averaged in shearing 10Ji pounds each. He had experimented in crossing the Cotswold with the merino, the result being a good sheep, with an increase of carcass, but less wool on the average by two pounds. It was admitted that the common flocks oould be improved by the use of merino rams, but the unanimous judgment was that it was more profitable to procure pure-bred stock and breed from them in preference to the slower method of improvement by the use of males alone. Cabbage for Stork. earlv i.-OOO heads of cabbage can be grown on an acre oi ground, if the plants are set a yara each way. The sure of tbe heads and weightdn tons depend on tbe manure and method of cultivation, but as high a yield as thirty tons to the acre is not uncommon in New England. It is -claimed by farmers in that section that an acre of cabbages will produce more food than any other crop; that in feeding them to dairy cows they do not injure the quality of the milk ur uuut-r, aua lust iney not only increase the yield, but furnish green' sunculent food in winter for cattle, hogs, sheep and poultry. They are easily kept during- winter. either by burying the heads in the ground, or by storing them in trenches with the roots -down and fteada up, cov-eni-g with straw and boards. ine lauer memod is oeuer wne; tney are to be fed evey day. The cutting away cf the heads leaves the stalks standing, which sprout m the spring, to furnish excellent greers for the table at a time when such are tcarce. The disposition to market cabbages is generally too strong to permit of feeding them to stock: out if a careful comparison is made between their market value. and the benefit derived -from them in feediiwr. noob jection will be made to using them .for such purpose. Cabbage3 contain a fair propor tiuti of nitrogei, .and the outer leaves are more nutritious aiian the beart. No .matter whether they are sold or fed on -the farm, ther are always rohtable in favorable sea' so nt. Paatuvo for Hogs. Praiiio Farmer. I ramers in the great hog-pro-iueing seclions ci mis country, are paying more atten tion pasture for hogs than heretofore One wlii has given the subjeet no little study, and tried various experiments in that behalf, tiys that there is no question ahcut fTeen oar and peas beivga most appropriate -hju ior figs, ana tuai it comes at tüe very srason wlen pasture iz short. Corn being the alunwL universal fattening food kr hogs in the Wtt after cold reather arrire, it is very imposant mat Lbe immer food of pigs shvuld be more nitrogenous and better ad 4P tea to ellie development of muscle and bone than corn. The jea is very rich in riuscle and booe-fcixlding eleuvxite, acd oats are ,i!so superior to corn in this respett. The cats alao .assist in holding up the pea rine, so as prevent early lodinr;, :;nd thcis caused it 1 retain its sueeulence longer: The crop hoäld be sown in tbe proportion cf two buahe-Ui of peas ai2 orte cf oais ptracte, and well xvered. The drill puts them ii best. The united crop should pteduce fru forty to ity bushels of grain to the acre. Now this rain id only part of the crop. TLe succulent jrea vine is admirable food for pigs, and they should be turned in when the pea is Just parting ont of the milk. Tbey will then dev.ir the whold plant, and it contains as much nutriment ai when fully ripe. The succulent crop contains from 40 to 50 per cent, as much nutriment as the grain. A good crop ought to produce a growth in live weight on hogs of 500 to 700 pounds per acre. Farm and Workshop Note." New York has jnst shipped 17.00D bushels of wheat to Cape Town, Africa. Analysis of the pumpkin shows that the rind of the vegetable is nearly three and a

half times as rich in albuminoids as the flesh. Bees can be improved as easily as dairy or

other stock if, by careful selection, the best queens are chosen. Mutton breads of sheep are rapidiy coming to tUe front, and America is likely to take a front rank for good mutton. The future for profitable sheep business is rood. The stock in England is small, and good mutton sheep will be in great demand. Of seventy-three creameries that reported to the New York Board of Health, it was found that sixty-three cent skimmed milk to New YorK City. The Australian Olonies have a popula tion of 3,000,000, bat they own 80,0uü.GÖ sheep, or an average of nearly thirty sheep for ach inhabitant. ft is claimed for linseed that it is more railar to milk in composition than any ether food used for stock, and on that account is rauch wore dasirable for young animals. Hnrnnibers and melons that have been I grown in beds for transplanting should not 1 be set out until after the 5th of June, or until sure of no danger of cold nights, which check their growth. Castor oil is largely used for oiling axletrees, the bearings of grindstones, mowers, etc. A fcntall projortion of kerosene added to the castor oil and thoroughly shaken up with it renders it less liable to gum. American mutton-raisers must learn what constitutes best feed for, and how to feed, to make a streak of lean and a streak of fat. First-class mutton thould be well mixed; not fatted wholly upon the outside. In nearly all cases small-boned animals are good feeders, will mature early and possess fine flesh. On the other hand, coarse bones and large joints indicate late maturity, poor feeding quality and coarse fleshy with a large proportion of offal. Hon. James Wilson, of Iowa, recommends, when grass is sown with oats for a crop, a mixture of ten pounds timothy, tea pounds clover (red), two pounds white clover and two pounds blui grass. Sow early and pit ntif ally, and keeV K tB cattle till the oats are six inches high. f n ploughing it is never a good plan to turn up a mass of crude earth of several inches in depth, neer before exposed to the sunlight and air. It will, unless heavy manuring is given as a top-dressing, result in loss. In deepening a soil it is better to plough np an additional inch each year. Steeping corn in a strong solution of saltpetre twenty-four to forty-eight hours before planting is said to be a" protection against mice, squirrels and worms. Copperas in strong solution is also recommended. As protection against worms, mix half a pint ot boiling tar to each peck of corn; stir briskly, so as to give a thin coating to each kernel. Of the grains ordinarily u?ed for stock, the richest in the fattening element, starch, is Tuscarora corn, SO per cent, of starch, and then come in their order, buckwheat, 75.4; northern corn. 73; rye, 71.4; barley, GU5; and oat?, Hi 4, while eas and beans are less valuable for this purpose, and of the vegetables none are very useful in this respect save the potato, 22.5; parsnips, 7; carrots, CG; turnip?, 4. Mr. IJradiev: an English writer, records a count kept of a pair of birds bringing caterpillars to their nest to feed their young. Tbe calculations made on tbe count showed that one brood consumed no less than 500 caterpillars in a day. This would dispose ot l.r,(XX) a month, and if there were a hundred such nests iu a Township, the death of 1,500,000 caterpillars would contribute to the life of some 500 birds. At no season of the year is animal diet or its best substitute milk as necessary for fowls as at moulting time. A diet comjosed of boiled potatoes, mashed and mixed with ground oats or good wheat bran, and the mixed with sour milk, will carry the fowls through ebout as well as any that can be given. Fowls should not be ted on whole corn or on cracked corn during their moult. Gats, wheat, buckwheat, etc., are better food until the moult is over. Dandelions are becoming more ard more popular. The seed is sown at any time in the spring when the ground can be made ready. The reed tesmall and delicate, and will not come well upon land that is rough or lumpy, and it is a; all times slow ia ger minating. After the plants are well up thin out. to stand two or three inches apart in the rows. The tops are U3ed as 'greens," and the roots for root beer and medicine. The yield is from ten to tweuty bushels to the square rod, and the price varies from twenty-five cents to one dollar rer bushel. A comiost made up largely of soot or wood-ashes, with plenty of pulverized hen manure and a little sulphur, is highly recommended by some gardeners who have tried itfor strawberries that htve had their roots partly eaten by the grubs. Some recommend stool or hill culture as miking it easier for one to hunt ojt and find the grubs. The grub usually works but a short distance under ground, and is easily found by one who knows how to hunt The middle of a warm, sunny day is a good time to look for the grub, as the leaves from tbe affected plants will soon make themselves known by their droo Jiug appearance. Taroughout the most of Central Europe fruit tre. are planted by the farmers and cottagers with judicious care and discrimin ation in their nelds and gardens. In an or dinary season they gather an abundance of luscious fruit, not only enough to supply their domestic wants, but also tosend large quantities to marKet, ironi wnicn tney realize an acceptable addition to their income. inis is all done without losing a square yard of ground that could be profitably de voted to any othe; food crop, lhe trees are planted along roadsides, on the margins of the fields, ia the hedgerows and the other odd places' and corners, where they occupy ground that can not be conveniently proht ably cultivated. An old farmer writes to the Country Gen tleman as follows: "The value of corn husks in the art is much greater than that realized by the generality of farmers in feeding, although as a fodder I consider them worth as much per pound aa the aver age hay for cattle. They are used for a va riety of purposes.' If our farmers would pick the corn from the stalks, husks and all. they then could safely house it in g'Xd weatner vna pun tne iiusks under cover. thus saving them by themselves, either for sale or other purposes, as desired. The husking could bedone at times when oot-of door husking would be very disagreeable or impracticable. Good, clean corn husks are sometimes sold to upholsterers at high price3, and are always in demand by them.' Preserving potatoes for the table in sum mer by slightly heating the ßurface and thus rteetroyuM tbe eyes was recently Bugges ed vi me isew .ngiana r arixer as a method worthy of erperinient, Mr. J. 0. Adams, Greene County, Pennsylvania, writes the ftcw lorlt Tribune that tbe plan is prac ticed in his county to a considerable extent, The eyes are destroyed by s'ua pi pouring scalding water over the tnbecs, whieh are the, immediately driel and pc away, when "they will keep indefinitely." Mr. Adams says lie knows whereof he speaks, for, being engaged in the grocery business, he has b?ugkt and sold potatoes treated by this proce repeatedly. It is not too late for housekeepers to gire the germ-4estroying process a trial the present season. A prartical gardener makes the Allowine s Ute meat: "Last year, as a test of a frequent practice amonggrowersof melons and squashes, I pinched the ends of the long main shoots of the melons, squashe and encumbers, and left some run at their own will. One aquash plant sent out a single stem reaching more than forty feet, but ild not bear any fruit Another plant -was pinched until it formed a compact mass of intermingling side shoots eight feetsouare. and it bore sixteen squashes. The present year a muskmelon plant thus inched in cor red the space allotted to it and it set twenty-three specimens of fruit; the most of

them were pinched off. The pinching causes many lateral branches, which later produce the female or fertile blossoms, while the main vines produce only the male blossoms. The difference in favor of the yield of an acre of melons treated by this pinching process may easlty amount to 100 barrels.'' Barnyard manure is the natural form in which the food elements of a croyshould return to a soil. t It contains the potash, phosphoric acid and compounds of nitrogen so essential to the growth of a crop, and by putting on manure there is an addition of that which was subtracted by the crop from which the manure was made'. The crop may be fed to farm stock, and a part of the plant food elements retained by the animals, but a large per cent, of the essentials pass them, and are all the better fitted to act quickly when returned to the soil. Manure is put on the soil to enrich it; this is because the manure contains plant food. Barnyard manure is a source of all the necessary sorts of plant food; therefore it is a complete manure. Superphosphates, potash salts, nitrate of soda, etc, are special manures, and contain only a part of the essential food elements. Crops require food, and if the foil is not already rich enough it should be fed, because it does not pay to grow a starved crop.

Florida Oraagea. Chicago Tribune Oranges grown in tin sun. All Florida is a bed of white san.l, enriched by phosphates. These phosphates are in the shape of decayed animal matter. The sand is speckled with shells, the occupants of which have died and gone to enrich the oil. So an orange grove is set out .in a sand bed. Fifty trees are set to the acre, which gives each tree about thirtyrive feet Late orange raisers are setting thirty-five trees to the acre. The trees commence to bear when eight yearj old, and keps increasing, so far as any one knows, forever. The age of an orange tree is not known. They continue to bear for no one knows how long. I saw trees forty years old. They were forty feet high, eighteen inches through, and bore lO.OuO oranges. Colonel Hart, of Palatka. told me that he bad sold $200 worth of oranges in one season from one of those hne old trees. An orange grove has to be cultivated constantly. It is harrowed and cow peas are sown jn the spring. In the fall the cow peas are turned under to fertilize the soil. I believe there are now orange trees enough in Florida when fully grown, to supply tbe world with oranges. Oranges commence ripening in December, and ripen all along till March. It is a delightful crop for a farmer to raisr, because he has plenty of time to harvest it. This is the way they harvest oranges: The oranges are cut off the trees with shears, anil sorted by rolling them down a right angle triangle open at the bottom. The little oues go through the opening first, and the very largest ones roll clear to the end of tbe trough. Then they are rolled up iu paper, boxed up aud sent to New ork freight fifty cents a box. A box holds from loo to 130 oranges. A tree will bear from 200 to 8,000 oranges. Trees pay from $-5 to $200 apiece annually. A tree paying $200 of course would be a phenomenal tree, very old and splendidly cared for. Colonel Hart told me he realized $17.5 from one tree. Groves produce from $.V) $500 an acre, according to age and cultivation. An orange grove of twenty acres will sell for $10.000. There is much "money made iu the cultivation of oranges, but much patience and skill are required. Many Northern men have failed, because they simply set tmt trees and then go away and leave them. Tbey have to be constantly attended to. They are not a sure "bonanza," and really only the patient, skillful and painstaking get rich in their cultivation. The Oldest Printer. (Philadelphia Typographical Advertiser. John C. Clark, probably the oldest printer in the world, died in Philadelphia on Saturday, April 22, in the ninety-fifth year of his age. He was born In New York in 1787, aud resided there until 17l4, wheniie came to Philadelphia and entered tbe printingoffice of his stepfather, William Boss, then printer to Congress, and located in the old Loganian Library, on Sixth street, opposite Independence Square. During his early years he frequently saw General Washington. He witnessed the ceremonies which commemorated his death in 17!;. His recollection of early events in Philadelphia was very vivid. In 1SO0 Congress sat in Washington, and Mr. Boss, still their printer, took his stepson with him to that city, having removed his othce there. At the fire which destroyed the Treasury Department, Mr. Clark stood beside the then venerable President, John Adams, who was standing in line passing water to extinguish the names. Returning to Philadelphia in 180-', he was, two years later, (being then sixteen years old) apprenticed to Robert Carr to learn the printing business. At this period, Mr. Carr s ofhee, though it contained but four screw presses, was the largest in the city. While working as a compositor here Mr. Clark set up nearly the whole of Wilson's American Ornithology, iu great primer type, making the accents with his penknife fro iu a hair-space, no foundry as yet having cast any. He also set up from the original manuscript a volume of Thomas Moore's poems, the author of them then being in this city. In 1S17 Mr. Clark formed a partenersbip with his friend, Mathevf Raser, under the firm of Clark; fc lias er. They printed the first Sunday-school books printed in the United State?, probably the first anywhere. His wife died about ten years ago. Besides his two sons, J. Boss and A. Wilson Clark, three daughters survive him. Henry day and M me. Do Stael. In looking over some old taniiiy papers the other day. General James Grant Wilson came upon the following unpublished sketch, written for a lady in March, 1620, by Henry Clay, and sent it to the New York Tribune: Your desire dear Madame, some Hne of friendly remembrance. What shall I say? You have asked me to record something of the celebrated Madame de Stael. She was the most extraordinary woman of this or any other age, blending the philosophy of our sex with the ini jfination of J'ours. She seems to have been bestowed on our race to vindicate Ue equal claim of the female mind to lTitelleciual excellence. I knew thia remarkable woman in Paris. I first met her at a ball given on the occasion of thd Peace of Ghent at the banker Hoainguer's. -'Ah! Mr. Clay," she said, "the English have been much incensed against you. I have been lately pleading your cause at London. Do you know they contemplated at one time sending the Duke of Wellington to command their armies against you?" I toid her that I was aware of the exertion of her eloquence in our behalf, and thanked her for it. I added that I wished the British Government had sent the Duke. "Why?" she inquired with much surprise. "Because, madam, had we beaten the Duke we should have gained immortal honor, whilst we should have lost none had we been defeated by tbe conqueror of Napoleon" I next taw De Stael at her own house, where 6he introduced me to the Duke of Wellington, and related to him the above conversation. He remarked with much apparent fueling and grace that he fchould have placed a most noble feather in his cap had he beaten eo gallant a people as the Americans. Complicated IMsease. A prominent citizen in Cerro Gordo County, Iowa, writes us that he finds Kidney-Wort to be the best remedy be ever knew for a complication of diseases. It is the specific action which it has on the liver, kidneys and bowels, which gives it such curative power, and it is the thousands of cares which it is performing which gives it its reat celebrity. Liquid, (very concentrated) or dry. both act efncib.ntly.-N. II. Journal and Courier.

GEORGE WASHINGTON.

Death or a Woman Who Was Born at Honnt Vernon Nlnety-ve Tears Ago, and Who Lived There lill After M awnington'a Death. New York Herald, June 4. J A remarkable woman has just died at Richmond, Va. She was perhaps the last living human being who had teen and talked with Washington, notwithstanding the number of straggling pretenders who occasionally appear before the public as claimants for this honor. Mrs. Young, the ersou to whom reference is made, was the last surviving child of General Washington's steward, Anderson, the honest and frngal Scotchman who for so many years had control ci his domestic affairs at Mount Yeruon. Her maiden sister, Miss Nellie Anderson, died in Richmond more than fifteen years ago at the "advanced age ot ninety-five, and now the venerable survivor departs this life after having lived exactly the same length of time. She was born at Mount Vernon in 1787. For more than sixty years she had resided in Richmond, respected by the entire community and beloved by ail whose privilege it was to enjoy her immediate acquaintance. Remarkable for strength of body as well as vigor of mind, she had perfectly retained, until within the past few days, recollections of the early part of her life at the home of Washington. To all who conversed with her on this subject and its interesting associations she gave, without ostentation, satisfactory replies. To great dignity of bearing she united that true modesty 60 characteristic of the real woman. She died as phe had lived a devout Christian. The writer of this sketch conversed with her in years past upon subjects connected with her life atj Mount Vernon. She was thirteen years of age when the head of that bereaved household and the Nation died, and, of course, could remember many incidents of her childhood, lhe account she gave of what she insisted was tbe real cause of V ashmgton s death diners much from that given by historians generally. Although all agree that the attack which carried off the illustrious man was brought on by his exposure on a cold December day while taking his usual ride on horseback, yet even this might have been averted had not the incident occurred which is now given as it came from the lips of Mrs. Young "The General had returned from his ride cold 'and ' shivering, had retired to the house and was actually about to take his dinner when a message came to him from a boatwright whom he had employed, and who desired immediate instructions before he could finish the boat upon which he was at work. Washington, probably somewhat fretted at the untimely interference, hurried down to the river bank without hat or overcoat, and stood exposed to the chilling blasts that blew over the Totomac. His anxiety to finish the business kept him there too long. Tbe consequence was a violent accession to the cold he had already taken, which during the following night culminated in the attack which soon proved fatal." Mrs. Young always took great pleasure in dwelling upon the goodness and uniform kindness of General and .Mrs. Washington to all connected with their establishment. It must be remembered that at that time the relative social position of dependents, domesfics, aud the great proprietors were strongly contrasted. The aristocratic sentiment prevailed, and about the "great house," as it was called, a more than ordinary sesene of awe' presided. With this were connected the strictest rules of decorum, against which tt was more than treason to err. Notwithstanding this, the children of all the adjoining households were free to come and go; and Mrs. Young and her sister often rompd on the porticos and through the hall of the stately mansion with the children of the Fairfaxes. Curtises, and Lewisep, some of whom were constant guests of General and Mrs. Washington. Indeed, she has told the writer that she and her sister were rarely permitted to retire from tbe presence of Mrs. Washington before having received some tokens of kindness in the way of fruit, cake, and such like, and that on no occasion did the General pass them without a kindly greeting. She took ptcial pleasure in referring to an incident in which Washington's stepson, young Curtis, and Rawlins, one of his manager, met with a sore discomfiture. The two were indulging their favorite pastime of dancing and fiddling. Curtis being the dancer and Rawlins tbe tiddler, when to their surprise and dismay the General stepped suddenly upon the" scene. We may well imagine tne effect of fo august presence at such a moment. The air of Mount Vernon must have been conductive lo longevitv. Washington favorite negro hunter and body-servant during the war. Will Lee, lived to be more than a hundred years old. Thomas Bishop, his English servant who had been with Braddock in the same capacity on the Continent and in America, up to the time of the iatter's death, and who at the dreadful day of Monoiiüahela disengaged Washington from Iii slaughtered horse and lifted hira, worn and weak, upon the back of another, also survived to nearly the same length of days, and so did old "Father Jack-," the African tisherrurwi. whoso duty it was to supply the table at Mount Vernon will tish lYoni the waters of the Potomac. JefTeraon UniaiD. A r.ichmond, Va., special to the New York Herald says: From all quarter, comes an indignant r-roiet 3&inst tue removal of trie boaes ot tne tue of MontkeUo frrm thtir present rulinc plr.ce. nyd, as Governor Cameron aptly remerKed. the fe'linfrs of all Viiviulaiis wo:l.i bj truth v mi"a ' d by such a prececal:! jr. The Iepst?h of tj d.iy i i an article commenting on lUv niatw says: Beneatb a hickory tree, wbose cha(!e first fell upon the grave of a kindivd Fpirir. hJsee.rH! friend, the untimely dvii Mnbiie y Carr. a:.l hv the fiiie of his wife. whoTf. be fnierly lowM, e directed that his renml:;s honld be lui ur.di.r a l.lain granite obelhk wttreou hriu:l be iu scribed: 0 . nmuM'""'" . ...... -! : Here Lie R iried 1 THOMAS JEFFERSON, author of the Peclaratlr.n of Amt-rica-Ieiicletice, of the titatule of Virginia for r-i.-iglons freedom and father of the L'uiversi'.y : jot Virginia. ' ' : ......... .................................. ........... ' There lies buried that is to say at ret untilnot the demand of a heartless 8eationiisra, but the. trump of the archangel, shall kummon him to arine. r.ut we have seen that, in spite of thi p'alnly expressed wish and plan cf Mr. Jfffersoa, without the slightest reason or pretext. ftnd ia spite of ail the proprieties of tbe eve, a Washington City Gravejurd Company, with the ntil.-vwlul assent of Mrs. Meik'eham. Mr. Jt-fTor-son'ssole surviving grandchild, propose to rcwove his body to tctir precincts. Dots any man doubt that Mr. JciTcrssn's own pure taste would have revolted at sr.ch desecration? Dos any ma (ttnibt that ho would have protested agaiuM. this iutrusfon into tbe sacrel company of tne departed aud this body fnatchlrg by a "iot o! cemetery Rwculators? Would he not have srM: No. Here, In the spot I rnvsclf have selected iu youth; nere, In the ground made holv by tne oust of my family; here, among my neighbor; here, among my people. In my own State, whose religious freedom 1 have perpetuated and whose intellect and morals I have provided the means of Improving here let me lie btiried forever at rest," as if in contemplation from tha; lofty mountain side of ail the good be tad done ia Virginia. THE BIGHT TO REMOVE THE E0DV. Thin article goes on ta state that the assent of Mrs. Merkleham, JeS'er.n's Krand-dauKhter, to the desecration Is worth nothing. She is not named or alluded to in her grandfather's will, snd therefore could have no light to eonvey his body to any place or person. This assertion is based upon undoubted authority. The writer takes the same ground as stated in the Herald's dlspatcheeof the 3d Inst., that tbe gravevardbelopfrs either to the devisees of the late Thomas Jefferson Randolph, himself Mr. Jefferson's sole residuary legatee, or to the heirs of toe late Captain U. P. Levy, by neither of whom will any right to remove his body be conceded to any one. If it leaves Monticello at all it must be by an act of theft or robbery, and thH we hear the authorities of Albemarle County will endeavor to prevent and punish with all the power the law elves them. The only reasons assigned for the removal, aa far as can be learned, is a mistaken idea on the part of Mrs. Merkleham that she has any rights in the nremlses, and that the Washington folks can keep the grave in a better state of repair than those at Monticello. Congress, however, has

male an appropriation for the preservation and improvemeut of the piwnt gravevard. and h la hoped that facj aU4y lhe Voxietv of the Washington Cemetery Trustees on tbe subject, ST AT EM KITT Of A KELtTlVT. Another writer and supposed relative of the Jeflerson family has this much further to say: "The grave of Jefferson is here In this country the home of his youtü. the homed his riper years, tue borne of bis dec-lining days, which be bimelf so tonohingly selected as the home of his long rest. Here, ntbe bosom of Monticello, watched over by the mountain upon which his ves loved to wst. In siebt of the l niversitv of lrgiiiia, the cbild of bi old ate; here, where be aked teat he be laid beneath a shaft of Virginia üranite. which he desired nhonld mark the Knot, he sleeps. And now it Is proposed to din gard his wishes, to violate this grave where for more than half a century dust has been mingled with dust. To remove Mr. Jtfferson's remains seems to ns to be a far greater desecration of bisrumcg piace then that of passing vandals wbose ruderevereuee lead them to batter the granite block that they may have something to carry away from the Fpot where Jefferson lived and Ilea buried." The Difference In Girls. reek's Sun, The difference in girls An old man got into a street car with his umbrella as wet as it is possible for an umbrella to be. The seats were all full, and he closed his umbrella and put the point down on the floor, as he supposed, but in fact lie put it right into the low shoe of one of these sweet, modest girls, right on to her stocking, and the dirty water more than poured down into tbe shoe. At first she looked as though she ould move her foot, and call his attention to what he was doing, but she seemed to relent, and, with a resigned expression, as though she hoped he was net going to ride many blocks, or perhaps somebody would get ont and give him a seat, she looned out of the window. Ooce she moved her head as thougn she weuld look down at her shoe to see how nar full of water it was. After a few minutes the began to shiver, which was conclusive evidence that the water was coming up around her instep, and gradually overflowing the banks. Finally she became nervo ;ie, and when a girl begins to get nervous something has got to be done. She blushed and touched liim on the hand that held the ombrtlla handle with her little fluttering linger and said, "May I ask you, sir. without seeming impolite, to do me a favor?1 "Why, certainly, miss," said the old man, as tie looked down at her. "What is it?" Will you please take your umbrella out of "my shoe for a moment, and let me take the shoe off and empty it?" "For Heaven's sake, miss, was my umbrella in your shoe? I beg pardon," and he took it out. "It's of no consequence at all." aid the little lady, as she turned up her shoe on the side ant? 1ft. the black cambric water out There, you ran put it right back, or if you would prefer a dry shoe for your umbrella you can put it in this other one." But the old man blushed and moved off to the ether end of the car, and stepped on another girl's foot The otber girl was not that kind f a retiring child of nature, and she looked up at the old blunderbuss with fire in her eyes and every red hair on Ler head meaning business, and said: "Can't you keep off of people's feet? You better ride in a sprinkling cart when you go tny where. Why don't you look where you are. walking? I don't see what the city bought a stme crusher for, when you could walk on a stone quarrv ami furnish cobblestones for pavement." The old man pulled the bell rope, and putting his um bre! la under his arm he walked the whole length of the car, knocking off several hats with his umbrella, but he didn't mash any feet, for all the passen

gers put their feet under the seats. It beat3 all what a difference there is in girls. .njGGLiNo with jusrici:. The Notorious Dr. Bate, DisHomlnator f ObM-nne Hatter Thronch thn Mails, Par doner! by the Grace of Cbectcr A. Arthur The Last of a Crowning Series of Outrages. Chicago Tribune, June 5 If the State Couits have gained an unenviable notoriety for the fae with wL'oh crkuir.als battle prosecution, the Courts of lhe United Mate- in this Disinct have cc-tuc to have an ujualiy unsavory reputation in the eye of rrputnble citizens, although lie fault lies with tne "8111 bn ties" at WaMi ington, and not with tbu Courts. Tbe respeciable people, who do not violate the law, a?,.! who are anxious to protect tLcniselves through tbee luvs, have at ln: Jeannd ths-.t but few criminals who are ct;tiv:ctd 111 the Uniinl 8;ates Courts suffer the fuii canai'y ;f ihtir crimes , if they have had the leul bit ot" political illliner.ee or money. That thore is a regular pardon-brokerage busimw iariid on ii: Washington can not be doubted, and these pardon brokers have means by which ttiey influence and hoodwink hn officials and even the Chief Executive olücer of the country is equally clear. The Tribune has often had to make records of pardons granted to undeserving criminal but seldom in a more flagrant case than that which was brought to light yesterday when Masihal Jones received. A PARDON KOR JOHN BATE, an old tramp who, in tbe "good old colony times," would bavc promptly Leen atrun'g up by the neck. John B.ile is an old man who traveled tbderthe n.iine of & physician. lie liootleri tbe Uoviiily with circulars tie fcCriptive of his vicious medicines and criminal apparatus, ar.d the wonders in the v;ir of crime which they wer intra r.U-ed to accomplish. The fc-täte authorities were powerlejs, and meanwhile tlie.-e Je.vd public -tions were being jed lied out tm ihe struts. sent to funie rtemmiriüi, and b .yAcademies, with bharnele .riYonu-:y Ifcite was arrested for viol.nntj tlaCblted States postal law,' ami promptly iu uisli-d bail the mine tbiy. 'f:;isw.-r-. October '2' lKs'J. Vunoin expedients vrr e-ord tu. and it WjS tlt.:iijl:l .lum '21 tiia', having been :o.ivic-lI by a Ji:r. tin Was itnteiiced to the IVoilcntiarv. Jui Uiodett in pronouncing MT.tence to ihrte yvatv i ird !tlor iti Ch-s-tvr IVn'tentiiTV. rxpl:iin.d tiVat li- inllicfe-l this ten loud' i. - r.iu.H' U.Vc lud previuuly brcn snestid a: d !-i 1 if on h promise of reform. .Sent-nu' was itayed a:i 1 a motion for a new trial rgueü. Ju D.-iuuiuoixl i-ffiis:! te nstrial, but was iuflacnccd to oibmutc ti itsentence foone year, not in the I'cnLtentiarc. but in the Cook County Jail, where the United States prisoners live in the dubioiV department of the Jail and are the aru-M crats cf the Institution. ThitLer Bate was taken January 25, lss-j, and ytsterday his pardon arrived. THE MEATY PART CK THK DOCUMENT, after The formal introduction and concl&i ,n In hea stri;jc(j QfT, i;j a$ follows: Vhe;a. Ji.r.ü 7te. ou conviction of unlawful matteT tbrounh the mails, was rem.-i.,-ced by the United states lisirict Court oj the Northern restrict ti Illinois on the 2uli d.-iy of Juae, l.si. to ::prl.-.)nmeiit for three years lu tho htster (111) I'eniteutiari, aurt to pay a line oi flOO wilh cjts; ai:d Wherea, Upon writ of error to tne said C-urt from the United States Circuit Court for seid District the proceedings in the District Court were afiirined except as to the term of imprisoiim.-iii, whicn was rt-luced to one year, to be served ia Cook County Jell; and Whereas. Tne pardon of said IJite is earnestly solicited by mauy respectable ritlansof 1111. oi. and ra.o:iable a$urauce is given tbat he will ih again violate the law under which he was ptoccuud; and Wheieas, He has now been in prison four mouttsseud tin, with payment of fine ami 001-. may, nn tr r ah the fu'ta and circumstances of th? cv-e. bedecniM a nuflicieat Duul.shment; now .Tnercfore, 15u it known," that 1, Chester A. Arthur, Present of the Un:ted State cf America, in consideration of the premises, divers oiher f ood and sufficient reasons me thereunto movu(f, do hereby er ant cnto said John Bate a par don, on cond -tion that he first pay the fine and costs aforesaid. This document Is dated at Washington, May. 31, and is duly signed by the President. Just who these "respectable citizens of Illinois" are would be interesting readinc. and as this is the MOST FLAURAKT OF A M)NÖ 8KUIE8 OF SIMI- ' LAB ABV8E8, the authorities at Washington, if they wish to clear their own skirts, should make a full explanation. It must bo announced that

these frequent pardons hare utterly demoralized this branch of the Federal Government Officials about the Government Building yesterday were free in txrademning this latest outrage, which calls to mind tbe easy fates of Arthur, Cregg, Nutter. Leist, Coley, Homer Andrews, Tiffany, Jack Kots, and a score of thers, Tbat the employes of the PcetoSoe understand that aenmiction means nothing isr conceded, and MtSweeney, the latest thieTine carrier, is already making his mrrEpements for pardon. A petition is still in circulation for the pardon of John T. I'addock, of Whi resides County, who is nowiaCneslex Penitentiary, prowling that his mxti0aha3 been so lorg df.'avf d. Meanwhile the" I'aidon Eurean at "Washington is thriving, and its managers BT9 waxing fat and impudent.

Ills Last Ccbu I New York Wcrld. "Whin I tuk my drink I sez to the her tinder, 'Will ye fake a man's last cratr I win, tez be. id that I mit a pinny on the bar. ine cints more,' sez be. 'It's roe last eint,' Ftz I. M want pay for the drink s3 he. 'I'll hould ye to yer bargain," ez JL mm oe net nie a swipe wul a wit towel an to prevint nieselt fallin' I grabbed at the first thing widin reach. It happened to be the punch bowl, an' I was near drownddl whin they picked me up." "So far as is shown bv the evidence-' saul Justice Smith, "your conduct was outrageously disorderly. You lefused to pay or your drink, and when remonstrated with you tried to choke the bartender. You were drunk and disorderly and made war upxvn a citizen who thought himself secure in thepeace ot the fctate." "Can't I swear a warrant agin the barlir.rler for a breach of trust?" "Not at this ession of the Court" "Will ye lave me git shampooed to gtt the rum out av me hair? ' "I'll allow you thirty dayson the Islan.l, where all such luxuries "can be obtained Cratis." Treeing tbe Wrong Man. I Fort Worth Democrat. A man named Cornwell, who was charjtT with having been drunk, gut tired of waiting for tardy justice and suddenly adjourned from the Recorder's Court, without giving bond. The police had a lively race alter -him, but failed to fail in company with Cornwell. who was in a, hurry to go to see his wife's people. Frank ilovenkaiup. A lrdville, came in ton just as tbe policemen became tirfd out, and he was duly clothed with authority and some other clothes, and armed with a big gun and the bloodhound.. and given directions to bring the body of the absconding Cornwell into Court. The dogs struck the trail and ran well, followed closely by the gallant Frank, who was well mounted. Soon the dogs -"triced" fromelhi ng in a thicket, acd Franc approached with pistol at full cock and ordered the malefactor to descend. I-V God, masfj, shcot dem dogs; dey's mad, she.'. Dey ilone ma nie right up" di- tree and got part cf myref-ches in der jnoufs now." ?aid a ngro ?;2 wiadts blacker than the ace of Mi&des. TLe man who gtt away r was a fair-skinm-d. white man. STOMACH The feeble and emaciated, suffering from dytepsia or in-iU-Mion in any form, are adtised, for the sake o'f tt.clr own bodily mil rmctal comfort, try luntctter's Stomach IHiters. Ladies of the mof-t dei:cete eoMstiiui'on teMify t its harmless and ns restorative tropcrties. Physicians everywhero, di?gutcd with in adulterated liquors of omritTce. prescribe It a? the fcut and rnt reliable of stomachics. For sale by all druggists aud dalera gt-erallT. F33 THE PERMAHHF CURE OF COHSTIPAT.OH. k ITciffrdisBrtfleiasoprevalHiitiaßii i-j'ry a. woastipalioa. aid no rcaa'hsi eonhaa ever -VJart aa a "tia eosa, proper uc cf thia rcr ? 'vm-T,i St. ofaatiaave renoty -wU itrr-jtcrj thi wrrj.cirdrartsaL'dtTri-iTy ar.?3 a,; K.oicf 1 u even w.Va r&T&aaak f"" 3 I T r - ntwi mini V tS A G'JFvE CURE Q foratl K!dn?y Cor.ptainta and for ail 2 d:&eass of tha It has pci3: jciin ca this most Important crjan. ensMln it to throw off torpidity aal lnoctic-o. sti-ru!ati- th fcsaltT McrMiaa of the Ullü. an2 by keeping t'.io bowels la flu condition, eis3tiaf ita regular discharge. If you 0J9 bilious, dyieptis, eonatfnatiJa. cr 1 nSeriag froa ciilria. Kidacy-Wact ia the remedy you need. FAIL Pt'OT TO TRY IT. PR1CS $1. SOLO DY DFiUCCISTßliiil Is Recommended by Physicians! We manufacture and sell itwith a positivo guarantee that it will euro any casOf d( ewill forfeit lhe ilx.ro unuaut. iiufaiisin. single instance. It is unlike auyotmr Uai.u remedr.aa His taken KiternaMy, acting; upon the blood. Ü you are troubbtl nh thu distressing diseasy tsk yourDrupjist for it,w aCCKPT HO 1MITATIOW OK SCBSTITtTT. If he has not got it, send to us and we wilt forward, immediately. Price, 73 cents TerbottJa. F. 1. CHENEY & CO., Toledo, Gttfo If. H. BBOWK'3 ESSENCE JAMAICA 0IKSE2J IS PURE, STRONG AND FEUABtE. W- K, MOWN, Prp,. ff.jrlirC.. Vt

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