Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 28, Number 3, Indianapolis, Marion County, 21 January 1880 — Page 7

THE INDIANA STATE SENTINEL, WEDNESDAY , JANUAIIY 21, 1880-

POULTRY FANOIEUS.

The Proceedings of th8 Last Day's Session Election of Officers. A Solenoid Banquet at the Grand Hotel in me Evening. A Number of Toasts oartd. Which Were Responded to toy Governor Williams, Gakral Mansoa. and Others Tne A-'uericiO Poultry awoc'ation convened again Tuesday morning at the Grand Hotel with President Sweet in the cair. Nothing of importance was done, except the Ph-mv? of a number of resolutions relative to taking cruia chicken from the standird. Mr. Ha' stead, from the coaimittee on a snb-titnte fur clause Xos. 1 and 10, reported as follows: "White fo there or f athers which are tipped one inch or more with white in any part of tne plumage except tbe crest small tips of wh;f- r giay to Ik; cat as defects. Tae f .lowing was ottered by Mr. Featcm, and unanimous-ly adopted: Kef lived. That the practice of selling stock and eg;;s ou credit is Injurious to the Interests or breeders, fanciers, aud the trade, and that tlii association earaestly recommend the breeders and lancier, and to t tie poultry press, that the eiutre business be conducted on a cah bASS. A communication from G. O. Brown was rea 1 respctm exorbitant express charges by the different companies. The association then went into the flee tioti of oiScers, with the following result: OmCEM EI.F.lTEK President Charles A. Sweet, Buffalo, N. V. Vice l-rein vnts PhUander William-, Tannton. i!t.;K. It. Lauib, Chicago, 111.; Henry T. I loot. Providence. It I.: George C. Coltoo, Hoov r-vi.le, Md.; Daniel Allen. Ualt. Ont.; I. K. FeHk, Na'lm, Ms ; E. iregg, Pittsburg, Pa.: W. i . Feuuo, Indianapolis, lud.; W. II. Huliek. Eastou, Pa.; Albert French, Clnclu iiiiti. O. secretary and Treasurer ieo. S.Joselyn, Krhinia, . V. Executive Committee Charles A. Sweet, Kn.Ulo, N. V.; l. Williams. Taunton. Mass.; K I.. J. a ml), Chicago, 111.; 1 K. Felch, Xaticfc, Ma-.: K. rr. Pittsburg, Pa.; J. V. Bicanell, Buiitlo. X. V.; J. M. Bambing, Parker's, I'm ; W. T. Rogers, Hoyiestown, Pa.; W. H. Todd, Vermillion. .; Henry T. Boot, IVovidence, K. I., W. II. HuiIck, Kastor.. Ia. ; P. K. Ainldon, Hinsdale, N. II. ; ieorg- C. Coltou, Ilooversvll.e, Md.; Albert Freiva. Cincinnati, Ohio; A. I. Warren, Worcester. Miss.; 11. T. Sperry, Hartford, cVnn ; lhn!l Allen, Gait, Ont, Canada; George S. j.iKvlvn, Fredonia, N. Y.; 1. . Ongley, Worewer." Mass.; . P. Howlett, Syracuse, S. .; K. K. spi aiding. J-firev, N. II.; K. C. Aldneb, JHvue Pari, Mais.; tt. K. Thomas, Troy. N. Y.; "W. T. Fentoa. ludlauspoUs, Ind.; A. a. Walsworth. Maritialltown, Iowa: James B. White, F.nntwood, Ii.; II. e.G. Bals, Indianapolis, Iiut ;Os-r IkioUt'.le, Adrian. Mich ; is. M. Claris, Was'.inston, I). C; William Davis, lieavonw.Tfh, I. C; lt. T. Wells. Montmor-eiu-y, lu i.; i'. V.'. Iludson, Lexington, Ky. Tne association then adjourned to vNit the Hjard of Trade Eieuiug eio. To eveaicg session was called to order by President Sweet. A cjinniunicition from X. I. Forbes was read respecting the rose comb white leg horns, which caused considerable discussion and n cupitl the attention of the association daring the greater portion of the evening. It was alterward moved that the matterbe referred to a committee to investigate and rep-jri at tne next regular meeting The cbair announced the following committee: i. I, Williams, Buffilo. N. Y.: I. K. Felch, Natiefc, Ma3 ; Chailes H. CrosOy, Danbury, Conn. A resolution was ouered and adopted as !:--olveJ. That for wie of -jandards the prices remaiu the same a- at present, with t!i' exe-piioo : Instead ot 5y per cent, otr tor i', the -rlce ba oo percent, oil for 20; alw, tiiat t:ir ' secretary Is lns-tructed to sell standaids ar.'l frcore cards for cash only. Mr. stoddird eff-'red the folio wiag: i: s'.T"d, Thit the thanks of tin- members t American 1'ouitry R.ssoclatJu be and mi I arc tendered to the oilieors of th A. P. A., and esp"Ciady to the president, Mr. C. A. v.-i e'.. f r hi untiring aevotion to the interot the soc.ety, and lor the able and linpartinl in truer in wnich he has preslrt'-d over Its m.-tli:gs. Colonel Hudson, of LsxlDijton, Ky , otleredthe following, which was adpt?d: K- Ived. That silver duck wings and white pl- itnes, ami Käme bautaiu be Striesen iroiii tae ht-tndard. A ui 'an the nu Tiber of resolutions of thanks otu-red ere the following: To the Board of Trade, the Grand Hotel, and to to the local pre. frvr very full reports of the proceedings, aud tor the help la advancing the poultry interest's generally. The views of t'-e different members were expreäed as to the next point of meeting. Washington City was mentionf d, and all desired to show tiere if anywhere. The matter is in the hands of the executive committee. No further baslnei. the meeting went into a general chat upon the subject ot judging and scoring. Remarks were made by Messrs. eet, Hudjon, Felch, Williams and Fenton, the result of which produced the following resolution, offered by Mr. Halstead, which was adopted: Kewoived, That the A. P. A. recomtn.-nd our judireito score every bird that. In his JuJgm nt, will score ti points or upward, and that the i iges of the Poultry associ ation be instructed, to put score cards ou all coops to ps-ored. A motion to adjourn beio? in order, the meeting adjourned sine die. The Banquet. At 10:30 p. m. a large number of invited gneats, in company with the members of the association, wended their way frara the rotunda of the Grand Hotel to the dining room, led by W. F. Fenton, president of the Indiana State Poultry association, and C. A. Sweet, president of the American Poultry association THE TABLES were elegnnt in appearance, running the entire length ot the room. In the center of the main table stood a hands jme French klsa pyramid, and at each end almond mairoon pyramids, both tables being decorated with handsome hot bouae plants. Seated at the bead table were the familiar faces of Governor Williams, General M. D Manson, W 1 Gallup and others. At a given signal the assembly seated thenuelves to discuss the following MESC, Oyst- rs On half hell, broil ed, escalloped. ffiup Clam chowder. Fish Bkd salmrtn, Call.'ornla, broiled white a la Maitre d'liotel. Koat Turkey with crab jelly; domestic duels with apuie suce anie Saddle of venlsonwlth currant jelly; baked quail, starred with ch'ntnuts; wine saice coid. Dishea ornamented Westphalia ham, boned turkey; boned capon; young pig; buffalo tongue. Salad shrimp, chicken, potato. Pastry Jelly roil, Boston cream puds, pound oke, !elly cake, lad y nngers, poiiK caae. Con'rectio ery Cream kisses, spanulett drop, cream candy coooanut candy. Dessert Leroou Jelly, champagne Jelly, Macedonia fruit, supreme orang'-s, blanc man;?, vanilla Ice cream, atrawberry ice cream, Malaga grapes, apples, oranges. t 'oflee wltn cream. After partaking of the delicious vianbs, "toasts" H ere announced in order, President Fenton introducing each speaker. The firät . toast, THE STATE, was responded to by Governor Willi ami. He said: OrsTLKvai Sixty-one years ago I first saw the soil of Indiana. Then it perhaps contained 100.00 people. At this time It contains about Z,v)jM). I found the northern part of the mate, at that time, an entire wilderness. This part of the Bute, I do not know that It contained a single farmly until two . years after. Now it Is one of the V. great States of this union fine for agriculture.

tiue for manufacturing, tine for stock raising; indeed, we have come to tit conclusion that tt 1 about as sood a State as uuy iu the Cnlon. Those who lniv It to go West, unless they are too poorto net back, always return. lpnlause.J There Is no better sign to me than to find people coming back to their first love. Many people of the Fast, before they visited this place, suppos d that the buttaiocs were running wild In the streets of Indianapolis I kuow a great man' people East thought very strange of the people in this part of the countrv tnstwe were uncivilized; wild like Indians; bat In the early tunes we did not see verv many Indians here; but as time progressed the country Improved, and the people with It, and yon see wüat we have here to day. Iam glad to see so many viMtlnx our city who have made certainly a wonderful exhibition for us. I feel glad that you have come, and hope that you may be willing to return to us aain. Tne next toast was "TUE AMERICAN fOfLTRY AsSOI.TtoX.M Mr. Sweet, the president, was called upon, but he excused himself and called upon Mr. Williams, first vice president. Mr. Williams eaid: The gentleman who has seen fit to throw nnon my shoulaers the duty of making response to this toast, taSes nie entirely by surprise. Tne poultry interests are very dear to me, and particularly the iut-rests or the American Poultry association, lean remember '2i years auo, when I tirst i-ought my JUht Brhrua rooster. 1 paid l'2n lor the tiist pair of luibt Brahmas I ever owned. The shape and general characteristics of that bird are imprinted as distinctly in my mind to-day as they were at that time; and as I look back and thtuk how great has been the improvement of pure-bred poultry It Is perfectly wonderful. Although that particular bird Is to me, as I remember it, the most ierfect of anyoue thatl have ever teen, I am mistaken, however, but still I always have that bird befon- my mind as a paragon of perfection. Since that time I dar say that great Improvement has been made, and onr standard of perfection has been raised higher, and these rules, which have becu made for judging the various bird.", have been made more aud more rigorous. About el'-iht years b-o it was conceded tuat we needed some association of this kind to take charge of the Interests of breeding pure bred poultry, and to ta!;e charge of other matters con ueeted therewith, and we orsjaul.sd the Ameilcan Poultry association. Since then we have grown Into Ktre'-gth. until now we are as strong a body of men as liiert Is In the country. In all of the various places that we have met, .ve have had hospitality extended to us. and we have been kindly treated and received; but, my friends, Indianapolis ha outdone them all. Never In ray life have I been so kludl, and hopitab.y entertained as in thecityol Indianapolis, and I for one feel very srrntefnl, and I shail ever remember my visit to the city of Indianapolis. 1 assure you, gentlemen, that 1 am very happy to be here to-night. 1 thank you, gentlemen, in persou, for your very kind hospitality aud the kind attention that haa been paid us here in tuir sojourn among you. I shall go home and tfll my friends what you are made of her in Indianapolis. There were immense crowds at both MaeoLic and Washington halls, Wednesday, to witness the grand poultry show in progress at these places. Crowds congregated around the coops of premium chickens, examining their tine points, and in a number of instances sales were made at prices which the ommon breeder of chickens would thick fabulous There are many persons who do not appreciate poultry shows, as a majority of our people are satisfied if they csn buy a chicken for -0 cent, and if it makes a good tattpie they don't care much whether it is a bulf cochin, a white cochin or a brahma. Not bo. however, with the chicken-fancier. He sees a world of difference in what kind of chickens shall be raised, and for this reason be favors poultry exhibitions. Certainly, the most exacting fancier will be satisfied with the one in progress at Masonic Hall. There are all kinds of chickens all as all siz?s. Breeding has changed the feathered tribe iu a wonderfa) m inner. Not many ars ago tne great roui;h shanghai was considered a choice bird, and in fact this was about the only variaiy apart from the common breeds. Now there area great number of variety of 'birds" any one of which in far superior and much higher bred than the very best were but a sho(t time since. The present exhibition is of vast benefit to persons in terested in this bevnets, allowing men an opportunity to see what can be done in the way of breeding fowls, to excbarjga opinions on the best and ! mcst profitable kinds to keep, and I the best methods of taking care of them, all of which is most important During the proems of this Phow nearly ell of the I prominent breeders from all over the conntry have been here and vitness3d this exhibition, and al of them are loud in their pi aire of the class of chickens 6hown, and have expressed themselves as well pleased with the management. The exhibition will close this evening. The prizes have almost all been awarded, and sundry individuals are proud that they have tome away the palm of victory. Not only tbe love of approbation is gratified, but their trade Js increased, and they see strong inducements to improve their stock and bring it to a still holier degree of perfection. Then, too, the visitors by these exhibitions become converted to a new faith in pure bred poultry, and commence to purchase fowls, or eggs for hatching, Intending to breed some line specimens and exhibit in their turn. There was a very trood attendance on the chicken show Thursday at both Washington and Masonic Halls throughout the day and evening. Toward night there was a very preceptible decrease in the number of fowls on exhibition, a number of them having been boxed up preparatory to being sent home. Premiums were award ad yesterday as follows: Oscar Doolltlle, Adrian. Midi. Grand sweepstakes, best pen but! Cochins', president's cup. t'narles A. Sweet, Buffalo, N. Y. Beat pen dark Brahmas. A. A. Walsworth, Marshaltown, la. Pest pen light Brahmas, any ae. Joseph Pool, Oreensburg, lud. Best pen light Brahma chicks. H. C. G. Bals, city Best i-n partridge Cochins. M. Cruui, Farmer City, III. Best jeii black Cochins. W. T. Fentou, city Best pen white Cochins. Sidney Conger, Flat Kock, Ind. Best pen Plymouth Kocks. C. P. Hunter, Hloomlngtou, 111 Best pea B. B. K. games; best pan red pile games. B. W. Baum A Sons, Syracuse, N. Y. Best pen black Hamburgs. Daiaou Stewart, Flint, Mich. Best pen white Leghorns. C. A Keifer, Sterling, 111. Best pen brown Leghorns. J. K. White, Englewood, 111. Best pen lloudans. At Washington Hall the ducks and geese evidently thought something was wrong, and they kept up a deafening racket. The wolves were teased by the boys, and tried to fasten their teeth on them occasionally. At the Union Depot the cocks kept up a sort vof farewell chorus to the city till the trains "took them away.

HORSES IN DEMAND. The Southern Market Buying All the Horses That Bayers Can Furnish. l.i very stable men and horse buyers generally report an increased demand for horses for the Southern trade, to take the place of mules, which have been heretofore in general use on the plantations through the South. The demand is larger than at any time since the war, and good prices are being paid, "chunks" bringing from $(JUto$100. Large shipments have been made to Georgia from this city recently. There is a great difference between the kind of horses bought for the Southern and Eastern trades. The South demand small horses at prices ranging from $10 to $100, while the East demands large, general-purpose horses, leaning toward the "draught." There is little or no demand at this time for horses for the Kastern market, tnd there are no buyers here.

m iTEIl AND CHEESE.

The Proceedings cf the Last Day of the State Dairymen's Convention. Interesting Papers on "Dairying in Indiana" and "The Selection of Stock for Dairy Purposes." A Central Discussion of the Papers ReadElection of 0!S:ers and Finil Adjournment to January, 1831. Tte Dairymen's nssoclstion met Tuesday pursuant to adjournment, with President Aeher Kelium in ths chair. The minutes of Mocdiy's proceedings wera read and adopted. The treasurer submitted hia report, showing amount of money on hand, $1.75, and amount received from new members, $. One of the executive committee, reported that they endeavored to have a bill passed by the last Legislature to prevent the adulteration of milk. The bill was introduced, but was not acted upon by the Legislature. Mr. G. C. Stephens then submitted the following paper on pairvixi; ix ismaxa: Our hutiject wc will speak of under four heads its record lu the past. Its present condition, and its chance lot growth and prosper lty in the pecuniary advautages to our state, especially to the farmer woo may be suitably located to obtain the best results, aud lourthiy, the influence which a general Introduction of it amorjir our farmers would have more binding ties to the calling oi agriculture by being a constant source lor action, study and profitable employment. As nearly a we can asccrta'u, there was no recognized tttoi t. Individually or collectively, 1 3 create a dairy Interest In any part of the State until about six years ago, and then only in a limited way. I util this time dairying II it could be eal ed a such -was carried on only individually, in a small, unsatisfactory way, being ol no proüt to the producer or pecuniary advantage to the State, tor the rason that Income troia It wold not pay for net, cost of production. About 171 there was ah organized effort to est abllsli cheese factories In the north of the State, lu Porter county, which were successful, ard about the same time J. K. Thompson, of le Kalo county, began, la a private way, the manufacture of cheese upon the improved method of the time, and in the succeeding two years several were started In the southern tier of counties bordering on the tioio river, with maraets at Louisville and Cincinnati. In 1S77 a company was formed and started in the manufacture of cheese at 1 riendswcod, Hendricks county, the first of the kind In the central part of the State. The succeeding tall, at the time of the lire, a meeting was held' by those Interested lu dairying, at which time the Indiana State Dairyman's association was organl.ed. from which we can date the beginning of any organized eflort to extend and improve the dairy interests of our State, and, though few in number, me muu euce they have exerted lu that direction has been plainly evideut by the increased interest j In this calling bv the farmers, and the starting ol cheese factories m outerem secuons, six new factories starting last vear. There are factories operating iu lj different counties of the State at the present time, there being upward of -"0 in all in the State. Tne first portion of the pas', year was a very trying one in all parts of the country to those InOrested In dairylns, the lowest prices known in yeais belüg reached, i eut the last pait of the year was marked aleo by the greatest advance- in prices lu a given time known In da 'lying, pointing plainly to the fact that the dairy interest is upou a substantial basis, and that for no great length of time can it be below a paying investment, and It has deveiopad more faultily than ever t he absolute ii-cssity for a perlect understanding and possession of all Its varied branches, n we would become misters of lh9 business to that extent of always mak ing it a profitable investment aud employment. At the present time the inducements it offers for safe and profitable Investment to the farmer Is second to none. But you will naturally ask what are Its chances for permanency and profit in the future, can and w.'U it not be overdone? We answer, a business which in :SJ years can grow Irora a yearly value of tSO.i'üü.e'vW to upward of JAt'OiKU, or exceeding in value a&y other agricultural product in the country Is certainly oue of ermauency nnd proiit, yud iu allthosH years of rapid growth it has never for any length of time produced beyond the requirements of the trade as a wuole, and never equaled the demand for the b ft product of tne dairy, but one thing must hen- be noted In connection with ltsgiowth, that is, that until the cooperative or associated dairy method came into vogue no great advance was made In datrylivj, since when Its growth has been marvelous, and each year It Is canting more and more into practice, and has everywhere been much profiinble to those participating In them. The products, whether of butter or cheese, of Much dairying, have been of uniform better quality, and this soon built up a reputation which causes the farmers to s;et more for thdr lailkor rrvam tli:ia vouM be possible otherwise. But naauy w em to dobtlhe possibility of making a first-class article of butter and cheese in our State. To such we would say there is not a Iwtter locality In the country, if we but will r.se Intelligently what nature has spread out before us; its grasses, water and soil are second to none to produce a first class article of both butter and cheese, aud we can produce the facts to prove the assertion, and we should certainly have enough pride to at least produce suiliclent butter and cheese forborne consumption and sf p this coustant dra'nof thousands of dollars upon the citizens of cur state, which could and should be kept at home. Again, is It not batter to feed our corn to cows, each bushel making three jiounds of good butter, worth, without any expense' to the fanner, 18 to 'JO cents per pound, on au averse making 51 cents per bushel for his corn at his door, with theotlal left to improve ana enrich his farm, than to draw his corn to market, spei'd a good part of I he day, aud get J to .T cents per bushel for his corn, at the same time impoverishing Uls farm? In one case it takes but a small part of us value to place It In any market of the world; on the other It tkes one half to two thirds its value. Aud we have now presented another system of dairying by which the farmer can obtain the highest market prices without any excuse or trouble in its manufacture or sale, which, In connection with cheese making, selling mdk and rearing calves, and swine from the ofl'al, gives to the dairyman a constant and profitable Income through the whole year. But there is a habit we dairymen should get into more, which is a source of much profit, and that la theiaUiug ot the calves on the offal milk wbeii the calves do not need It, to the swiae. By this method there is not a part or parcel of the whole business but what pays a proiit, and at the same time bettering our la run. I ask, where is the business that can make such a showing safe, profitable, honorable and progressive? We will now spesk of its beuefirial Influences upon the farming community. Xo one knows better than tue farmer the feeling of sadness and disc uragemeut consequent upon the failure, after a hard year of labor, of the corn crop, wheat crop, hay crop, or perhaps a portion of all, and as the long winter evenings come on, and he has nothing eseclally to take up his time, he dwells upon bis bad luck, and comes to look hi calling with distrust end aversion, to be got away from If possible; or trying to replace the failure of crops, etc., enters into some speculation, and perhaps loses all. Aid these t hings atlect the sons aud daughters In the same way, lor It deprives tbemof many necessary things, and makes them look upon farm life as a drudge, with no certain recompense or pleasure, to be got rid of as soon as possible, and oil to the city, go to do they know not what, on the other baud, if our farmers were possessed ot dairies, thougn small, they would have a source of constant Income, which would bridge them over sny temporary los of crops, etc. At the same time, the care and attention which the dairy would require would keep active and alert the minds of all. biasing them better trained in thought, and leaving no time for blues over the failure of crops; lor this reason. If for no other, our firmer hHild make the dairy a part of their avocation ; in other words, let us have a diversified agriculture, whereby we shall always be able to have something to put on the credit side of our ledger at the end of the year, and let us have those things in our farm life which tend most to iruike us active. Intelligent, honest and contented citizens, and If there is cnything that can produce all these thlngs.lt Is our duty most certainly to do all in our power to encourage lu growth, and help It on to success. . And we make this broad assertion, that of all the calling In the field of agriculture, there Is none which possesses to such an extent these essentials as that of dairying. W. H. Broadas, of Connersvllle, reported

by letter, being nnable to attend, on account of the desth ot his eister, Mrs. Morris. His letter contained encouraging words to the daiiymen of Indiana. Mr. George Jackson read quite an interesting essay on the selection of dairy stock, discussing the Guernor tystem of judging of the quality and quantity of a good cow by certain marks of tne escutcheon. Following is the essay:

PELKCTIOX OF PA1RV STOCK. This subject is one about which much has been said and writ en all over the country. A greatdlvendty of opinion exists among lerned and practical men as to what constitutes the best form, and general cbatacrerlstics of the perfect dairy animal, but all agree that there is certain unmistakable outward evidence which aenotes (at least to a considerable degree of certainty; whether or nut she can be pn- iitably employed In the dairy. First, we require a large stomach, broad hips and deep sides, full aud capacious lung and heart room; these indicate a good digestive apparatus and a beany constitute, the vigor aud tone of which is Indicated by the lustre of the hair, softness of the ssln, and brightness of the eve. Standing in front of the cow, we observe that she is wedge shape, or, that she widens as she gets back to her nips, that her head is small and neat in proportion to the size of her body, a waxy horn, u mild but large eye. The next Important orgau for examination isthendderjlu fact.it Is ofthe first importance. The cow may assimilate a large aiuouht of food which goes mostly to lay ou fat aud ilesh, but if she has a large, broad and deep udder, with large milk veins, it is safe to conclude that her large capacity for digestion and assimilation are active iu filling this receptacle. If it extends beyond thethigU and well up behind, well forward, moderately broad and deep, wtth good sized teats, well apart, skin soft and thlo It may confidently be inferred that we have a dairy cow of t lie firt orcer. An important consideration In selecting dairy cows, even of common blood, U her pedigree. If she descends fr m a laige cdlking uatu and grand dam, aria her ancestors have been ot this sort, this will greatly lncijse the probability of perpetuating these Valuable requisite by breeding her to a thoroughbred bml from deep milking aucestry. A Jew cows selected by this standard and judiciously bred will lay the foundation or a herd ol d;lry animals that cau not full to insure profit, and success to their owner; while on the contrary, it is simply folly to rnr a calf from a poor milker, with the sturiug fact before os that the heifer will never pay for her keep. A thoroughbred male must always be used to Insure the perpetuation of valuable milk qualities in the dam, aud the bull that represents the longest line of great milk-producing ancestors on both sides, is the most prepotent for the purposes f the dairyman. There has been much Ulsou-fion upon the subject of the development of the escutcheon, as a guide lu the selection of dairy stock. There Is no doubt that It atlords considerable advantage to ihe buyer who will study Its significance, and be guided by its teachings, over on ho does not. The knowledge does not prevent him from using his half dozen other modes or deciding the merits, but aids tbfMii. s,too,ln folecllng a bull for h propagator. The believer in tiuenons theoiy will select one wi'h a good escutcheon anu a fine skin, while ih other will be. guided almost entirely by the form. Calves selected with this system lor a guide will be pretty sure to grow Into a dairy of productive cows. The cow, wlioie skin is sott and greasy, covered with fine short hair, showing the skin yellow under it; the skin covering her udder, soft and thin, with her milk veins, prominent and knotty, enteringthebody.with good si.ed holes (and particularly if this veiu is double) extending and lauiifylug over the udder, well back in prominent veins. We may looi with great confidence lor a large and well-formed eseutcneon of the first class. Ti complete the picture, she should Dave large, bony hips, thin thighs, with ample accommodations for her capacious udder. A hxise, open-mado cow, rather pointed or sharp, and well-defined (and the contrary nf what we would look for in a flesh or beetproducing animal , with skin mellow and yellow, approaching the color and qu.ii'.ty of a first-class Gnernsey or Jersey cow, (breeds th.it have for centuries beeu bred for buttermaking'1, we know she must be a good, rich, milker and bntter maker; for a cow witii a thick hard Rkin and coarse long hair is rarely a sood butter producer, or, in fact, fit for anything but giving poor milk, if a slrofg milker. Perhaps the mo-t desirable and profitable anirtai for the dairy is one produced from a Jersey sira Irom an Ayeshlie dam. for milk acd butter. Though a( iuermey or Jersey Mre to the milking stock of short horns, or Holsteins or a large yielding native cow, will produce one belter lor butter than her mother was. The common dairy stock of the couutry contaiLS sucn a mixture of blocd that they can not oe depended upon a breeders, especially when a mala of the same class is u-ed, Every dairyman who desires to obtain a herd of superior excellence must use only the best from amongst his milkers to a thoroughbred male of the breed, best adapted to his special line of dairying. In January, is;s. the governor of Pennsylvania appoint a committee of three gentlemen to investigate and test the Guenoa or milk osvutcbeou theory. This committee of experts was composed of George Blight, Philadelphia ; Chalkfy Harvey, Chadsford ; Willis P. Havaid, West Chester ell very practical aud and intelligent men to determine how far it might ' be trusted as a guide in selecting animals for the dairy. After examiuing over itUO cows and heifers, they announced that the result was to convince them und ot tiers of the merits ot the system, of Its exceeding value to the practical farmer; and they believe, if generally followed for 2) years, the value or the neat eutle of the state would be increased vastly, the amount of milk and butter produced would be much larger, having believed In and practiced the system lorrup.ny years. They add that their recent extended and careful Investigation, aud contact with a number ot owners of ail gmdes and breeds of stock, has tended to contirnt them more thoroughly In their belief. As an adjunct to previous knowledge, to assist purchasers or breeders of vattle in getting or raisin; the best and weeding out the. poorest, they think it Is worthy of being acquired by every farmer. The manner of making up their ace junt of 'each animal Is to examine the escutcheon and the udder, from which they place her in the class and the order nearest lo those delineated by iuenon.- and then estimate the quantity, quality and linae she will milk. These estimates must ne, of course, only approximate astheyare based upon tae indications of the escuicheon, th- tlze of the cow, and her probable condition. As it is readily seeu that where estimates are btsed upon what the cow should do wltnln three month of her being fresh, It would be Impossible to always grade the exact value of all the cows la a herd, each of which is at a diiferent period of gestation or in a alfVerent conditioH or state of health; and where also the cow is affected by the way in which she is fed, and caied for by the season by the state of the temperature and by other circumstances. The estimates are based upon what the com mission thinks the cow would do when all the conditions are btvorable to her development, and when hc is properly fed and cared lor. A record was made by the commission on the spot. An account of the qualP les of each head is drawn up by the owner. Each Is made at sepant'e times aud without the kuowledge of the other party. If the accounts agree In 73 per cent, out of lO). it certainly must be presumed the ystem has sufficient value to make it worthy of adoption by all farmers and breeders. As every' farmer knows the yield is much Influenced by the feed, the care, the exposure, the treatment of the case, therefore, a certain amount of allowance mu&t be made, for these various things will so alter matters that no one can teli to a quart, or a pound of butter, or to the week in time of milking. In fact,every farmer knows; neither the owner, possibly, nor his mn can tell to a quart now much his cow or cows actually give unless a dally record is kept every day of every year. F.ven if he does keep such a record, be will find the various circumstances named above affecting the quantities ol his record. Therefore, the earnest seeker after truth, comparing the statements of the two columns, must not expect them to tally, without some variation. Ihe true spirit withwhich he must examine tbee statements will suggest Itself in the questions, "Is this a system by which I can judge of the value ana quantities of a cow correctly? Is this a system t!at will tell me the points of a cow, good or bad, more correctly than by any other method?" Iet the candid inquirer weigh these statements, and think If he kuowsol any method by which he can go Into a herd and surely select out the best cows, and leave the poor mes. What the commission find they can do, Is that In a large majority ot cases they will give a goo-l estimate of the qualities of any animal. Their opinion of the time a cow will go is bafd upon what they think should be the treatment or all cows, viz: That every cow should have a rest ol four to six weeks at least. Mr. John B. Barney, of Chadis Ford, Pa., says: "1 was present at the examination of li of my cows, and think the commission so uniformly successful, in Judging of the merits f each with such slight variation of opinions between us, as to increase my belief in the Guenon system being a great advantage of farmers In selecting dairy stock." I will Instance one or two of the trials made by the commission, to show how nearly they arrived at the facts in the cases, but first. I think it proper to explain, or rather read Uuenon 'a explanatlot s as to how the differ ent classes of escutcheons are divided with

their prop'r names. For these extract, the report ot the commission, etc.. I am indebted to Profesaor Ha tarn's work on the Uuenon ystem. Guenon divided the different shapes of escutcheons. In the first instance. Into eight classes, each of which he subdivided Into eight orders. As he progressed In his investigation, be atterward added two additional classes, and reduced the orders to six in each cls. He alKi divided cows into three grades, which, iu accrdance with their sIza-, he styled hih, low and medium. From this It will be noted that Unenon. in classifying cows, was governed tirst by I be class, second by the order in the class, and finally by their size. The classes he divided and named as follows: First class, llanders; second class, left flanders; third class, selvage; fourth class, curveiine; fifth class, blcom ; sixth clas, double selv!ie; seventh class, demijohn; eighth class, square etcuteheon; ninth class, limon slve; tenth class, norl.outal. One ot the herds examined by the commissioners was that of Mr. W. M. Ijir?e. The fctocfc consists of thoroughbred and grade ehort horns; Is well rod aud otherwise cared for.

TEACHEES; LICENSE. The Superintend' nt of Pablic Instruction Decides That Teachers Must Renew Their License as 8oon as lhey Expire. The superintendent of public instruction Tuesday submitted the following opinion, in answer to a communication in regard to teachers license, in case It expires before school term is ended: Question If a teacher's license expl res after the date ot commencement of nls tcnool, and wltblu the term for which he was eniplov ed, ho long can he teach without procuring"another iicer.se? ' Answer 1. Section "1 of the school law reads in part as fodows: '-S-tU superintendent shad license said applicant for the term of six mouths, 12 month, is months, or two years, according to the ra lo of correct answers and other evidences of qualification given upon said examination." The law thus places a limit upon the time for which a person can be licensed. The reasons for it are obvious. The lawmaaers saw that the btnudaru of excellence required of teachers ought to be, and naturally would be, coutinnally raised; and hence that a teacher well qualified at one period of the development of the schools mi-iht not be so at a subsequent reriod. They said. also, that te.chers and especially those able to obtain the lower grades of license-will succeed the stimulus a ro-exa mi nation, lo induce them to take steps for their Keif-Improvement. Thus the law of re examination Is established, and for a very wise purpose. To permit yr-ng and comparatively inexperienced per:; . to teach in the public schools under a perpetual license, would be tatal to the interest of education. 'J. Section 2X of the law reads In part as follows: "Trustees shall emplov no person to leach in any ot the common 'schools of the State, uules such person shall hae a iiceuse to teach, issued from the proper State or county authority, and in full force at the date ot the employment; and any teacher who shall commence teacbiug any such school without a license shall fonelt all claim to compensation out of the school revenue for tuition, tor the time he or she teaches without such license."' So strictly is the law of re-examinatlon to he regarded that trustees are by these provisions prohibited from employing any teacher who does not hold, at date ot employment, an unexpired license. The applicant may have received a half dozen licenses each for two years, Out if the one last granted expires but one day even otiore that on which the trustee wishes to make the contiact, such contract can not te legally made. The trustee may have employed the applicant for a former term to teach the particular school for which the contract is about tobe made, and may know the applicant to be well qualified, yet he cannot make a legal contract nntila new license is obtained The trustee can not make a contract u)on the condition that the applicant will obtain a license betöre commencing the school. The teacher is bonnd by provisions no less stringent He forfeits all right to compensation if he begins to teach without posset slug a valid license. The purpose of these stringent provisions is obviously to keep nulicensed, and hence In a legal sense, unqualified persons from teaching in the schools of the State. The fact that persons have at one period been qualified Is no evidence in the eyes of the law that they are qualified at a subsequent jerlod, and no trustee and no teacher has a right to act upon any such presumption. The law does not permit a county superintendent who has licensed a person 12 times for 12 successive vears to act upon such a presumption aud grant a thlrteeuth license without a thorough examination. S. Section LN further says: "And if a teacher's license shall expire by its own limitation within a term of employment, such limltat ion shall not have the eilect Lo stop tbe school, or stop the teacher's pay." Tbl provision snould certainly be construed so as to harmonie, as far as possible, with the spirit ot the law as laid down in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this answer. The purpose of it is not to afford the teacher any exemption from the general principe there explained. There is no good icason for such au exemption. The purpose is to provide a means of protecting the school children Irom unnecessary Interruption in their school work. It was the evident intention of the framers of this section that when a teach er's license expired within a 'erm of serlce the school should not be interrupted by tuen expiration, but a reasonable tune ebomdbe allowed to the teacher to obtain a new license, or to the trustee to procure another aud properly licensed teacher. A ciose examination or tne language oi tne law quoted In this paragraph shows that it gives tue teacher no authority to teach until the end oi tiie term for which he was employed. 4. If It were held that ateacner noiaiug a six months license which expired the day alter the commencement of the term of service for which he was employed, could without obtaining another license teach during tbe entire teim of such employment. the general pr'nei pies of the law of freqont examinations might easily be violated. For example, the term of service is chiefly within the discretion of the trustee. It may be for an eutlro year, possibly longer, and thus by a convenient selection oi tue time ior procuring a license and of making a contract, a person might be able to teach nearly a year and a balfonastx months license. Thus the purposes of the law In placing a limit on the time for which a teacher may be licensed would be defeated. 5. In view of the foregoing pioposltions, it Is held that it is the duty of a teacher whose license expires dnrina his term of service, to obtain a new one as soon as possible. If the examinations are held regularly each month, the period of exemption can not last more than one month. It is also held that on failure of mch teacher to obtain a lirense as early nsposslble.it is the duty ofthe trustee to secure tbe services of another teacher, and one who la qualliled by the possession of a suitable license. J. II. SMART. Superintendent of Pablic instruction. Immigration Statistics. The report of the chief of the bureau of statistics furnishes some very interesting figures in regard to foreign immigration to this country. Since the founding of this Government there have been a little over 10,000,000 of foreigners taken up their reaideoce in the United States. Of this number there were 2,000,000 more males than fe males. Ireland furnishes 3.015 519; Germany, 2 815 071; England, 832.387; Wales, 513,000; France, 304,085; China, 207,70 The year 1872 was the year of miximam immigration, the number of arrivals amounting to 4 i:,4s3, from which time the number ot immigrants steadily decreased until 177; the total in that year was 149,020. Of the total number of immigrants arrived during the year 1877 it appears that 27.21 percent, was from the Kingdom of Great Britain, 1G.95 per cent, from British Xoitn American provinces, end 21 per cent from Germany. The Immigration from the various countries of Europe and the Dominion ot Canada amounted to 89.58 per cent, of the total immigration into the United Slates. The immigration from China during that year amounted to 10,379 constituting 7.95 per cent, and tbe Immigration for the eame year from all tbe other countries in the world amounted to only 3,229, or 2.47 per cent It appears from these statistics that fully one-ilfth of all the people in the United States are foreign born; that Ireland furnithes the greatest number and Germany next highest; and that every government on the face ef the globe known to geography has contributed people to this country. - The diseases of babyhood are so rapidly weakening that the quickest means should be used to check them. Dr. BulFs Baby Syrup ts the unfailing remedy for these complaints. Price 25 cents.

1880- TirE 1880. INDIANA! WEEKLY STUTE SEIIEL

ENLARGED AND IMPROVED. $1.00 PER ANNUM.! THE PAPER roil THE PEOPLE trJiOSPECTTS FOU 1SM. The coming presidential year promises to be the most event fnl aud thrilling In a political sense that we have ever witnessed, and will determine questions of tbe most vital importance to every citizen of the State and nation. It is not improbable indeed, it Is almost certain that, npon the determination cf these questions will depend the perpetuity of our present system of free ttovernment. These questions will thoroughly dKimd during the present session of Congress. The Sentinel has airang'-d for a first-class, experienced special correspondent at Washington, and, in addition to giving a true aeeount of all the general proceedings iu that body, will give the lending speeches of our most prominent statesmen, and without depriving our patrons oi the nsual amount of reading mat-er. The Sentinel will hereafter contain a supplement, making in U bitty lolnmns of composition. In a word, it Is the purpose of the Sentinel, as a steadfast watchman of public intelligence to do its whole duty in affording information to Its subscribers upon all these topics of such vast moment. Asin Tösolu "SO Indiana will be called upon to take a first position in tbe trout of the ereat contest, and upon the success or failure of the great and gallant Democracy of our State will depend the fate cf issues the most ortentons ever submitted to the ai bitrameut of a free people. We shall also specially call attention, from day to day, ss occasion may require, to an entirely Spw Pbaoein the politics of our State we mean the forced emigration for temporary partisan puropses of pryiper negroes from the South Into Indiana. Tire managers and leaders of the Republican party, in our State and at Washington, are now engaged in this nefarious work, and are attempting by every means In their power to promote its advancement. They have failed, utterly failed, to convince our people of the correctness of their political principles by reasou or argument; their appeals to hatred and prejudice nave fallen harmless; their lavisl and corrupt expenditures of public and private moneys have proved wholly Inlile. They propose now by an African invasion of worse than a vandal horae ol begga rs and mendicants to override the voice of the people of the State, and to orown the Demoeratio majority. Tho last resort, the forlorn hope, the 'assaulting party, the picket sailing corps of Republicanism in Indiana, is thus rraae up not irom the Hunters, Harrisons, lleilinansorShacklcfords of the State; not from the intelligence or ability of that party, but is composed of a motley, parti-colored gang of wretched field negroes from the South. The froth and scum of this worthless Importation are made use of to destroy the free franchise of resident cltlr.ens, and to tax our means of home labor and domestic subsistence for the support of the political tenets of a defeated faction. The sleepless Sentinel, upon the heights of popular rights and popular liberty, predicts that this movement will also be a failure. With respect to this before unheard of method ol manufacturing party maiorltles In a State, we shall at all times give the latest and most reliable Intelligence. The American Democracy, the Federal L'nion. the rights of the people and the States, one and Inseparable now and forever. The merits of tbe Sentinel as a general newspaper are so well known among tbe farmers of this State, especially those of the Democratic persuasion, that rommendatlon of it Is deemed superfluous. We will add. however, that the management has arranged and fully determined that no jiajier shall furnLsn so groat practical value to Its patrons for the money. In its news, Its editorials, Its literary and miscellany In a word, In its general readingit shall not be surpassed by any paper circulated lu the State. It will be particularly adapted to the family circle. We do not believe that any reading, thinking man in the Stale can afford to do without, the Weekly Sentinel at the small cost at which it is furnished. OUR PREMIUM IMCEMEfiTS Every subscriber to the Weekly State Sentinel, at f 1.25. per year, wiU receive a copy of the Sentinel's very able law treatise, by James 3. McCrellis, Esi., entitled THE LAW OF THE FARM. The information contained In t his Utile work is invaluable to every farmer, while any bus:nesa man cau consult it with profit. Rose Darner and Name Writer, a valuable device that retails for 11, for attaching to machines, by which yon can readily write your name or monogram on any woolen, silk or cotton article, or yon can darn a bole in table and bed linens, underclothing, handkerchiefs, etc., neatly and expeditiously. We also offer ROPP'S EASY CALCULATOR," in connection with the Weekly Sentinel. It embodies a new system of calculation, by which a vast amount of figures and mental labor required by the ordinary methods, and fractions with their complexities, are absolutely avoided In practical calculatioas. TERMS: WEEKLY. Single Copy, without Premium K 1 OO A CI ab or 11 for 10 OO Benlloel and tbe Law of Ihe asm 1 S3 Sentinel and Iarner and Name fit W . 1 2-3 Sentinel and bspp's Easy Calculator.. -. 1 23 Seutlael Bnl Bap of Indiana..! 133 Will send the Weekly Sentinel and tbe acts of the last Legislature for f 1.50. DA I LT. 1 Copy One year... ...810 OO ... 5 OO a so &3 .... 1 30 1 Copy Six months., 1 Copy Tnree ntonth..... 1 Cpy One month ..... Sunday Sentinel Agents making no clubs may retain 10 per cent, of the Weekly subscriptions, ana 30 per .fin t rf t.ViA TWlltf r hftvd t amAnnl (n .H. ditlonal papers, at their option. Send for any information desired. Address EfflMAPOlISSMraELCO., Indianapolis, Ir.l