Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 28, Number 10, Indianapolis, Marion County, 5 March 1879 — Page 4

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WEDNESDAY. MARCH 5.

TKFHS (POSTAGK PAID)t , . pry wiM.T cash nr. asyaitob. ( ' DAILY: -'"J-. Without With - Sunday Issue. Sunday If sue, Copy one year... mum J12.00 CCP7 - six months 6.00 MO I Ctop 7 Uiree months 10 tOO Oy sr one montn - J , 1.00 tV .py per week by carrier JO .15 J addition to eldbs reoelved nj time at V ab ntM. WBBKXiTt ngte Oopy ooe year,,,., 1 1 JO hob of Ore owe year &00 latnof ton otMyoar. (and ao. extra eopy' to the fetter sp of tbe cit 10.00 3a.bg f twenty-two, one ynwr 20X0 Agents wmntsl at every post office in the tate. Oend tar outfit ' eolandi Money. Rcanflttanees m&y be made by draft, moneyorder, or reentered letter, at our risk:. Give .rostot&oe adoress m fall, Including State arid Oouxaty, and address , UBUSAPOLIB SEHTIHEI. CO. Haves, the perj ary-made president, talks -of "obligaUoBa." Johs Rosoh, of Philadelphia, has suddenly dwindled to the sizs of a cockroach. The 'Potter-committee report places R. B. UTayeg where he belongs in history the first yerjury president of the United States. Hates' veto message is a Coolie document 'His fraudulency will probably get his "washee" done cheaner on account ot it The Journal wants to confer the right of suffrage upon the Coolies in California. If 'the Journal could manage to get China solid "for the Republican party, it would be as Jhappy as a clam at high tide. Illinois don't want city and county treasurers to hold office longer than two ;yeara. The ob-jection to a second term is "that a final settlement cannot be had until -accounts, According to Republican sena"tors, become seriously Mexicanized. . 'Gilbert Haven, who holds the position of bishop m the Methodist church, and who Tiad the benor of nominating Grant for a third term, resides at Atlanta, Georgia. This wild fanatic and religious freebooter, who flies the black flag in the sanctuary, and grows fat apon moral malaria, is trying his best to are the Northern heart by a series of -articles which evidence the fact that his hates, like serpents in warm latitudes, are always ready to bite. We conclude that if . Haven can be saved, the rest of mankind may be willing to take their chances. The assesjed value of property in the State of Illinois is set down at $857,235,762, while the real value of the property is not less "than $2,500,000,000, which shows that prop--erty worth $1,642,764,233 is not tared at alL The Legislature is trying to correct the wrong. The Chicago Tribune opposes legislation which seeks to make all property bear its proportionate share of taxation, assigning as a reason that such legislation would be the prolific parent of other and still more flagrant wrongs. Illinois is under Republican rule, and the correction of wrongs was never believed to be its mission. A multitude of oppressed tax-payers will regret to hear that Representative English's bill for re-appraising real estate for taxable purposes was defeated in the House yesterday, on the question of its passage, by a vote of 41 to 45. There is a possibility that this action will be re-considered, but the chances are that the appraisement of 1S75 will stand a year or more longer, thus causing the wners of real estate to pay tax for that time upon a valuation from 25 to 50 per eent greater than their property is now worth. It is due to Mr. English to say that he made a vigorous fight for this bill, and it is no fault of his that it did not pass. Oca esteemed friend William W. Woollen, Esq , we see by the Madison papers, is announced to deliver a lecture in that city on Thursday evening, March 13. Subject, "Madison from 1844 to 1852." Mr. Woollen was formerly a resident of Madison, was at none time the editor ot the Madison Banner, . and we promise our friends there, and all who take an interest in the history of that famous town, and have an opportunity to hear the lecture, or even to read it after its delivery, a rich intellectual treat Few men are qualified by education and experience to handle the subject so intelligently and interestingly as Mr. Woollen. . . The Journal is playing its game of duplicity exceedingly fine. For months it has been clamoring for fee and salary legislation of the most sweeping character. . It has massed its mad batteries against county officials and Democratic members of the Legislature. It has charged bribery and corruption. It hai whistled and howled, beat its heugog and got up several tempests in a teapot on account of the rascality of county official and Democratic, members of the Legislature. The House, taking the Journal at its word, went into the fee and salary business with a rush, when suddenly the Journal flops, and abuses the bill with all its might The Journal has been from the first anxious that a Democratic Legislature should do imprudent things. These it was willi og to advocate np to a' certain point, . and then flop over and slop over with denunciations. It will be well for the Legislature if it concludes that the Journal is seeking for political campaign capital, and that it carries at least 160 pounds of treachery to the square inch. Is discussing the subject of business prostration thoroughout the country, we have -shown on more than one oooasion that it was due to the fact that laboring men were oat of employment, and to the great reduction of toe wages of those who could find employment Reliable statistics completely vindicate the Sentinel's position. It is shown that in certain localities where statistics can be obtained, that, as compared with ... 1873, the number of people now employed baa declined more than 50 per cent In the city of New York there were employed in 1873 in 25 branches of industry 25,400 mechanics and laborers, while in 1879 the same branches of industry employ only 11,895 persons, 14,005 parsons having been orced Into idleness, Jo til connection we are told

that the cost of living has 'greatly 1 declined, but this does not meet ne casCi tot t mat. ters precious little hat the cost ot living may be, if a perm i, unemployed and has nothing wbewith to purchase the necessaries, of iife. The conclnson is warranted by the facts, and. is therefore inevitable, that

fully oab-half of the working 'people of the country are out of employment, while the other half are . working at wages reduced fully 50 per cant Such is the result of , Republican rule. - It is-scarcely-possible -to exaggerate the effects of such a cursx . The question of convict labor is being widely discussed, and the conclusions arrived at are, that crime should be made self supporting; that the contract system should be continued, and that a greater diversity of "employments should be introduced. The discussions have little to say about the efiect of crime labor upon honest law-abiding working people. Massachusetts has . 749 . stalwart, ' crimestained . criminals,' from - sneak thief to murder, making chairs at 40 cents a day. These crime-stained convicts keep 749 honest men out of employment, who ought to earn at least $1.50 per day. If, however, honest men with families to support are employed, cri me in Massachusetts will not be self-sustaining. Hence, Massachusetts shapes her policy so as to let honest working people starve that the State may get 40 cents a day from Its criminal muscle. It is held by the Massachusetts philanthropists that their criminals ought to be employed to keep them in good health, and it is quite likely that honest man who have committed no crimes ought to be employed for the same consideration. Bat If criminals make the boots and shoes, the chairs, brooms, barrels, etc., which improves their digestion and gives them healthy sleep, honest mechanics, by idleness, may go into a decline and their families may starve. The conclusion is that Massachusetts is vastly more solicitous about the welfare of her criminals than she is about her honest, lawabiding, working citizens. ON BUSINESS. The Journal is never more asinine than when it discusses the business outlook. At such times it seems to hunt around for an asinego so as to make its articles as asinary as possible, and it succeeds wonderfnlly in its assish ambition. The Journal seems anxious to achieve the notoriety of one General Pope, who made the mistake of supposing that his "headquarters were in 'the saddle," when his hindquarters occupied that position and in this regard the Journal is achieving distinction. The Journal plumes itself upon "resumption" as an evidence of "business improvement" and declares that it has been "safely and permanently effected." Then it flops, after the style of the most accomplished acrobat, and tells its readers that if they, expect a "complete revival of business" as the result of resumption, they are doomed to disappointment, and that a return of lost values can not be expected. This seems to be the upshot of the Journal's discoveries relating to "business improvement" a straightout confession that "resumption" has accomplished nothing at all but resumption. But the Journal, in its native stupidity, seeks to make an argument against those who opposed resumption and demanded an unconditional repeal of the law. The opposition to resumption was based npon the absolute fact that to .make it possible contracting the currency was inevitable, and that with contraction there would be a decline in values, bankruptcy, business prostration, idleness and poverty throughout the country. Results have demonstrated the absolute correctness of every prophetic word spoken by the opponents of resumption. Business ' is prostrate,' industries are silenced, confidence is gone, fortunes have disappeared, the people are idle, poverty has increased, cities and States are repudiating their debts; and now we are told, that with an increase of population of more than a million a year during the last decade, the country is at . last $3,000,000,000 poorer than it was in 1870. Indiana has suffered during that period more than $30,000,000 by reported failures, and it is held that the cash value of every description of property has declined fully 40 per cent These are the blessings over which the asinine Journal permits itself to go into conniption fits of rejoicing. CLIPPINGS. The Thomas cat upon the fence , Sat yellin'Jest like thunder; A brickbat took him tween the eyes And caused him to knock: under. . No more hell make us corse and swear. And brlckbaU at htm fire; . He's sashayed from this world of tears ' He's gone to meet Mariar. - . New York Dispatch. To remove paint from the wall back up against it before it gets dry. Bridgeport Standard. John Chinaman replies to the attack with a good deal of industrious flat lrono JSew York Herald. Ir Americans go to Pekln China, why should John Chinaman not come to peek In America T Boston Transcript. . - .- ,; It was a Philadelphia lady who Bald she was like the Indians because she had wore hoops. Philadelphia Kronikle-Herald. The difference between a duck and a girl is that one is dreaxed to kill and the other la killed to dress. Washington Capital. Win. the new "anti-lean remedy keep our young men from supporting lamp-posts and corner buildings? Haekonsack Republican. ' Joaquin Miller Is very Sierra -oas when protesting that no man has the right to close theGo'den Gate to a:iy other man. New York GrupUlc Having said nothing in a long while about lightning-rod agents, we hops we will be excosed for remarking that they live by the rod and lie by the yard. Wheeling Leader. The Detroit man who tried to run bis fam. ily on the convention plan has asked for a divorce. His wife refased to act as a delegate and let him act as chairman. Detroit Free Press. The lute husband, when he finds that somebody has stolen the keyhole out of his door, and diffidently rings the bell, knows exactly who "The Coming Woman" Is. Somervllle Journal. A Kan has school board advertises for a teacher who will preserve or break heads." Keokuk Constitution. There are some heads op in Io wa that Goliath couldnt break. Ottawa (Kan.) Republican. ' What did the paper collar T New York Herald.. What did the neek tie? Oamden Post Who did the shirt cuff? How do the pants seamT When did the chest protector? Who

leads the waist band? Whose pocket did tooth

pick? Whose bell did ear ring? Next-Bal-Umore Every Saturday. What Is an editor ? An editor's business is to write out editorials, grind out poetry, sort manuscripts, keep a migntjr big waste basket, steal matter, fight other people's battles, take white beans and apple sags for pay when he can get It, work 19 hours out ot 21, and be and be scolded by everybody." Josh Billings. These is- a paper out West which has been considering, in leaded type, why a lieutenant In the navy, with a good salary, a good wife and two good ohlldren, should, elope with the daughter of boarding house landlady; and the opinion at which the paper arrives Is that the lieutenant must have fallen In love with the girl's mother's hash. New York Herald, j Science says now that kissing on the I jps must be abolished in the Interest ot Vvallk. Most potent gravo and reverend. seVgaiors, scholars, philosophers, there are moment you know nothing ot, when a mindtont cam two cents for sateace, and wben he is going to plant kisses where they belong, If the laws of health are lorn from Alpha to Beersheba, Stillwater Lumberman. - If Captain Paul ' Boyton's apparatus becomes popular, what will hinder the Chinese from swimming over In great herds ? To rig a sail to the spine and come driving across the Pacific, towing a little cargo' of cooked rice, would be nothing to the feat the captain Is now performing that of floating the length of the Allegheny, Ohio and Mississippi rivers to New Orleans, bui rounded, as he is, by floating Ice. Chicago Inter-Ocean. TILDES AND HENDRICKS. Their Renomiaatlon In 1SSO Necer for Democratic saeccm. Correspondence St, Louis Republican. The renomination of Tilden and Hendricks means Democratic success. To reject that ticket means Democratic defeat l'bese propositions are trne, else every principle of human nature will have changed in 1880 and history will have become a lie. Let us coolly confront a few facts and carefully weigh them. First Four millions of Democrats believe, with reason, that they have been wickedly wronged. Avenging a wrong is an ignoble motive. Very true, but while moralists theonze and theorists moralize, your wise politician takes human nature as it it To men in the mass, avenging a wrong supplies a motive of tremendous strength, and furnishes an incentive so powerful that we msy call it volcanic. Let us rouse in 1830 the immense Activities which underlie the widespread belief in an immense wrong. Under such inspiration an army of four millions is irresistible. Give us the old ticket give it freely, give it on the first ballet; or, still better, give it by acclamation, without ballot and four millions of impatient freemen spring at once fall armed into the fight The uprising will be Instantaneous, wonderful, grand! fJo power on the continent can withstand it The Puritan and the blackleg defeated Jackson, the Democratic choice, iu 1824, and the result was a whirlwind in 1828, and Jackson's victory. The Puritan and the blackleg defeated Tilden, the Democratic choice, in 1876. Now let presidentmakers stand aside, and history and human nature will repeat themselves, and we shall see in 1S80 a tornado and Tilden's overwhelming triumph. 2 If Tilden deserved Democratic support in 1S76 be innnitely more deserves it in 1880. We stood by him when he was charged with every misdeed on the political calendar, and while a mountain of cratnmely was heaped on his private character. Four years will have passed, and his enemies not have proved nor even reiterated their charges against him. The whole world will know that they were campaign falssboods. We shall have nothing to defend. Republican attacks upon his character would simply proclaim the Republican party a salt-convicted liar. 3. The refusal of the Democracy to nominate the ticket will much impair .-popular confidence in our party. The last campaign is singularly f rsh iu the minds of the people. We went, in 1870, far above the high water mark of campaign laudation in praising that ticket We were in earnest too. We meant it all. We believed and proclaimed it to be an old fashioned, honest Democratic ticket We averred that the ticket meant economy, simplicity and reform. Those politicians who would have us discard that ticket now, nothing at all having occurred to changa the popular estimate of either Tilden or Hendricks, wonld simply put us before the world in 1880 as having been hypocrites in 1876. "My fellow-citizens," says Blaine in the summer of 'SO, ''they claimed that their candidates four years ago were pure men, and yet they dared not renominate them ; they claimed that they were legally elected, and yet they dared not submit the question to another vote." 4. Confidence in Tilden's integrity is if possible stronger now than then. History will write, indeed the world, now knows, that here is a presidential candidate who could have bought the . presidency, and to bis great wealth the purchase money would have been a song, and yet be comes forth 'from those terrible days of shame and corruption undefiled and untaiated! Is not his the honesty and the integrity the people want now? Is not such a man the one to bring to us again the better days of the republic? In politics enthusiasm Is the twin sister of success. - From the sea-coast to the prairies, across the prairies to the mountains, over the mountains and down the argent slope to the sea-coast again would roll a tide of - popular . feeling unparalleled and resistless, if . our standardbearer be the man who, though a liberal millionaire, would not corruptly use one dollar to secure the highest political prizs on earth' . 5 Confidence in Tilden's patriotism is stronger now than then. In the gloomy winter of two years ago he held in his hand the fate Of this country. One rash word from him meant war, and a war beside which our last one would have seemed merciful. ' Day by day, like the slow coiling of a huge serpent there was being perpetrated upon him and bis party, under the forms of law, an unspeakable outrage. Bat calm, stcalily poised self possessed anddignlfied,he stood by the law and with consummate selfcontrol proved himself every inch an unselfish patriot - It passed the bounds of all patience to hear men of sense talk of Tilden's course as cowardly. Kama an act he could have performed; refer to a law he could have enforced ; tell us of a single word he could have uttered; mention a single thing he left undone. He was simply powerless to act in his own behalf. But his position made him all powerful for his country's ruin, ills wiidom and his love of country inspired a course of action which history shall approve and patriotism shall applaud. 0. The cenns of 1830 will transfer the seat of political power west of the Allegbanies, but meanwhile the political map shows that New York is still indispensable for one more campaign. No political gymnastics can dodge that fact irritating as it it to us in the West . Those, and the writer is one, who wants to see Hendricks president must wait He CJn only be president after Tilden. Events Lave bound their fates together in that order. It Is a sequence ordained by history. He mast in the nature of things, abide the vindication of the Democratic party, and in - the very nature of things, that party can vindicate itself only by renominating Tilden and Hendricks. ' i Reubes. Electricity as a Motive rawer. ' In the course of a lecture on electricity delivered by Mr. Gerard Finch, M. A., in connection with the Wigsn Mining and Mechanical School, a novel illustration was given of electricity, performing mechanical work, A saw-bench was placed on a plat-

form connected , with a Sterner dynrjno electric machine, which in its ,arn Tr, rxranected by wires .with the machine nntside the hall used for producing the eKctriehirht during the lecture. On the eler-rfi Vlf" communicated the saw waa f in motion! w.s-cUn?m0Htrito 6V LolD-Vj" "SSl F R. 8 . "nd'pSdtof4 thenRoyal Astro! nomical society, was n the chair, and among the audience wer. large number of the leading coll-.rj proprietors of the district i r.i re inclined to test the practicaJJJk Xking coal-cutting machines end otner antf.erground machinery by electricity, fr Vreaont compressed air Is the only power -At ou be used for driving the machines 'irout interfering with the ventilations of

tfee workings. Electricity is said to produce 'equal effect at considerable less cnet It can also be conducted cheaply and easily to any part of the mines by means of wires. ' A Series r Midnight Pictures The Electric Light as sua Adjunct to Flelnre Uaklna;. ' ' ' - 't.- .-. . . , IBoston Herald, Feb. 22.1 - ' -'-- The winding and spooling room of the Willimantic Linen company's mills, at WilUmantic, Conn., was the scene last Thursday night and Friday morning of a singular and very valuable scientific demonstration. This was the production of a series of photographs of animate and inanimate objects in rapid succession daring the night, and solely by the aid of apparatus in regular use in the room, except tbe camera and the sensitized plates upon which the negative pictures were produced. It is no new thing to make photographic pictures at night, for many years since this was accomplished by tne aid of the oxyhydrogen light and more recently tbe same result has been attained by the aid of the electric light in Paris, London, Boston, and, it is believed, in some other cities. In Paris jenral Grant was made the subject of sitting in an electrically lighted studio, and in Boston, at tbe Mechanics' Exhibition building, Mr. J. W. Black took a number of views while the electric lights were in operation. So far as tbe European efforts' are known to have gone, they have been mere laboratory experiments, and Mr. Black's attempts were nut altogether successful. The calcium light photography, which, for a time, was conducted in Court or Hanover street, has long since been abandoned, so that it may be said that nothing of an absolutely practical character was accomplished in tbe night photography till the recent successful efforts at Willimantic These were carried out by the artists of the Forbes Lithograph company, who entered a field in which others in their line had failed to occupy. Taking the spooling room at tbe Wilhamantic company's mill, which is illuminated by five Brush electric lights, as the scene of operations, the photographers made a number of entirely satisfactory views of the interior, while the machinery was at rest as well as half-a dozen groups ot tbe principal and subordinate officers of the corporation and mills. These efforts resulted favorably in nearly every instance for two reasons, one of which was that peculiarly prepared plates were used, and the other a relocation of one or two of the lamps. As these were originally placed, one of them threw a strong light upon the front of the camera, and this served to produce a confusad effect on the plate, much like that obtained in that well-known humbug-called "spirit photography." By moving this light to a point in the rear of the instrument and by hanging smtll curtains of white cotton between sojae of the nearer lamps and the camera,, the rays of light were reflected npon the objects. to be reproduced, while the instrument remained in comparative darkness. . In photographing the groups from five to six minutes' exposure was allowed, although it is quite probable that a shorter time would nave answered. As they had no laboratory at hand, and only a limited number of plates to work with, the operators did not deem it judicious to experiment as to economy of time, but rather preferred to make each piece of glass perform its full duty and .become -.the repository of a clearly' defined picture - From 8 o'clock Thursday evening till 4:30 o'clock Friday morning two cameras were in constant use, and during that time the lights behaved admirably. They flickered rarely, and then so lightly that it was not apparent except when the observer was looking directly at tbe lamp at which the trouble existed. This steadiness of illumination was, of course, due to tbe remarkable continuity of tbe electric arc, which was maintained to a degree which one of the spectators, who has witnessed many exhibitions of the electric light about Boston, never before observed. Whether this admirable effect Is the rule or not there is room for question, and, no doubt those most familiar with the matter of electric Illumination will be the most sceptical, bat the fact exists that successful photographic views were really obtained, and it is equally true that the manager of tbe mills are so well satisfied with their experience that they are about to order other dynamo electric machines, and extend tbe system of lighting through a considerable portion ot their buildings. They have become well satisfied that iu large room, the electric is a highly economical substitute for gas, and that it has the additional advantage of rendering delicate shades, which, under tbe gas flame seem alike, as distinct as by the light of the sun. . It is now possible, with the use of the electric light and by the process developed by the Forbes company, to make entirely successful photographic productions of dark Interiors, so that buildings into which the rays of the sun never enter, or mines or tunnels, may be as faithfully photographed as an object in the glass-roofeC studio. , Every Maa Bis Own Undertaker. - , New York Evening Post ' The Philadelphia Ledger publishes a seasonable article on the diseases which are especially fatal in the first three months of tie year. What.lt says will apply, generally m aklng, as well to New York as to the Qutker City. Tie distases mentioned are thae which affect "the luogs and "throat Man ;s naturally exposed to them more or less, but the habits and practices of civilized life are largely - responsible for their destructive energy. In a primitive condition ' of society, where men live much in tbe t pen sir, and where their placcsof shelter are unfurnished with steam beaters and furnaces and other modern instruments of luxurious ease, the breathing organs become hardened, or rather they remain in a normal and therefore a healthful state. But in the opposite circumstances, where, under the pretext of proteciion from the - inclemency snd variations. ... of the '- climate, . the wholesome exercise of these organs is checked,-their state becomes an abnormal one which lead easily to disease, if, indeed, it msy not be described as in itself diseased. It is not difficult to measure even the immediate effect of this system ; but when we suppose it to be practiced for generations. wben children succeed to it as they do to their parents' names and estates, we may well be surprised that any lungs at all are left In the words of the Ledger: "Wnen we live m 'cooKed air' for the greater E art of the day, and go out of overheated onees to the piercing winds of the street, tbe dump straw, chilly atmoHphere or dripping nelglibors In the horse-car, right upon the delicate surfact'H ot the breathing apparatus strikes the sudden chill, and the mischief is either a ranln or a slow and sure one, as the case may be." Statistics support tbe conclusion drawn from general principles. In January, 1879, the number t deaths in Philadelphia from consumption was 289. more than 12 per centam greater than in 1878 ;f rom inflammation of the lungs, 184, mora than 30 per centum greater. After allowance is mads for increase of population it will scarcely account for this Increase of depopulation. Adding to these numbers those of deaths from kindred causes, such as congestion of the,

lungs, bronchitis and laryngitis, we have for the month a total of 666 resulting from affections of the breathing organs. Partly them deaths-may be regarded as inevitable, in the sense that no ' reasonable precaution could be taken against them; but partly they are the result of human agency as distinctly as is the death of the disappointed lover or other desperate person; who points a pistol at his head and blows oat what up to that point be has contrived to make do duty for him as brains The Ledger says with grim humor: "Any man can be his own undertaker if he chooses to layhimself out for exposure, and one tune al, conducted on the pretent Philadelphia plan. Is apt to make many. When folks wltn all tnelr wraps on and excited and overheated by the hoards sitting in the bouse of their dead friend, go into the chilly carriages and take the long, slow drive in the cold to any or our .near Philadelphia cemeteries, and when they stand with bare beads around the open grave, the winds searching around them, chilled and shivering aod depressed by their grlef.lt is easy to Bee how pneumonia may be catching. " A man need not go out ot bis way and find a funeral to furnish him with facilities for suicide of this sort " Every man may be his own undertaker in a church or a theater, as a wedding or a charity balL Especially may women be so. Our esteemed contemporary with sharpened perceptions for mortality and all its methods and incidents, mentions insufficient clothing, recklessness of sudden changes from heat to cold, indifference of the ventilation of houses so as to get lid of foul sir and to secure a supply of the fresh article, assigns of the suicidal tendencies of tbe time. ' Is there any machine of man's making of which man is less careful than of tbe delicate machine which he can not make, and which he carries about everywhere with him his own body? When the danger of its getting out or order in some of its pari?, especially those we have been considering, the exposure it encounter, the neglect of which it is the victim, the abuse to which it is subjected io eating, drinking, and other things when all this is remembered, tbe wonder is not that the machine wears out, but that it runs so long.

POOB IKON. Tbe Problem of ITUUslaa an Inferior la.iltyor the Article Bolved. A very important Invention, tbe Manchester Courier says, has just been patented in Great Britain, Belgium, the German empire, France and the United States of America, which is destined to play a conspicuous part in the future of iron and steel manufacture. The great problem as to the means of utilizing poor iron, such as that of Cleveland, has been solved, after much perseverance and succession of practical experiments by the late J. Perry Downing, of the Redheugh 8teel Works, who was a co-partner with Alderman Robinson,- the present mayor of Newcastle. The growth and development of the steel trade on the west caast has practically resulted in the stoppage of many furnaces and a large number of iron rail mills m the Cleveland district and scientists and metallurgists have been experimenting for some months . with a view of ascertaining tbe means, if any, by which Cleveland iron can be dephosphorised. - The inventor of the ' process now under review claimed that he could do this by simpie and inexpensive means, and that he could placa a high class steel in the maTket at a mnch less cost than by the Bessemer process. The inventor left his widow and son, Mr. J. Perry Downing, solicitor of Gateshead, in possession of the secret manufacture before his death, and they have since disposed of a portion of their interest to certain firms. The invention has for its object the manufacture of iron of superior classes from ores of any description or from pig-iron, and purifying them from matters of an objectionable nature by single operation of smelting; also for the manufacture of steel from either poor or rich ore or from pig-iron, even if such iron ore or pig-iron contains chemical combinations of a detrimental character, which at present are not eliminated by one single furnace operation. A suitable furnace or cupola is employed, capable of resisting great heat Common iron, contaminated with phosphorus, such as Cleveland iron, to the extent of, say for example, one ton is placed in the cupola of No. 3 quality. To this add 100 weight of good iron, such as that made from charcoal; 25 pounds to C3 pounds of scoria, or tap cinder, obtained from puddling or mill fnrnaces.aud about 100 pounds of scrap iron. These are melted together for about half an hour, and the furnace is run at tbe heat at which cast steel melts. When the iron is in a liquid state tbe beat should be continued for two hours. The ni-jtal is then drawn off. when it will be tound to be perfectly refined iron, which, of course, can be improved in quality by the addition of larger quantities of the good iron. For ordinary purposes the above quantities will be fouDd sufficient The chief merit of tbe ditcovery, however, is the production of good steel ftom poor pig iron or ores by refining in the first place toe iron, and then by adding nitrogenous and other compounds, converting the . same by one smelting operation into genuine steel ingots, having such properties as to enable them to be manufactured into tools, bars, plates, rails, etc In a malleable furnace. well lined, one ton of p g iron. 25 to 65 pounds of scoria, and 100 pounds of gocd scrap iron are placed, and when h ese are melted- tbe furnace is run at a heat which cast steel melts. This is continued for 30 or 40 minutes, when it will be found the scoria has taken up such impurities as hare not been Totalized, and this will be found floating on the surface, and must be tapped off; 25 to 26 pounds of hematite is then added, and the whole lightly stirred. Three ounces of black oxide ot manganese is then introduced, and this is - immediately followed by a half pound to 31 pounds of chloride of ammonia. The furnace is run again for about 30 minutes, when 100 pounds cf speigeleisen is introduced, and the whole lightly stirred. Care mast , be taken not to puddle or boil the contents of the furnace, which, when at a great heat are run off into ingots. The chemical combinations in this process act and react upon each other in such a way as to eliminate detrimental bodies by a species of synthesis, and then by the introduction of nitrogen into the iron, it is converted into steeL The invention is of the greatest importance ti the Cleveland district and it will doubtless, on the return of a brisk trade, be the means of giving it a new lease ot file. ... .

. The Tic ot Treating. Rochester Democrat. - 1 If there is a noble human impulse or virtue perverted and abused worse than others by Americans, it is that of generosity. And perhaps one of the very worst perversions ot this beneficence may be found in that degenerate custom commonly known as "treating." Possibly its origin may be traced back to spontaneous generosity, but if so, how widely has it diverged from the first principles of the admirable virtue which gave it birth.- . Bat who would have the effrontery to claim that it is a generous motive which prompts men to tempt their fellow men? Strangely enough, he is sometimes called a warm-hearted, whole-souled man, who - leads his . - neighbor up to tbe bar and urges him to partake of that which may depive him of situation, self-respect and- reputation. Reflection does net improve the complexion of this worse than burlesque upon liberality, to the sad effects of which there are thousands of wretched monuments to be seen in every large city. Even though stripped of its ruinously injurious features, the custom of treating would yet be a ridiculous one. Imagine its application to the : purchase of other commodities than liquors and cigars. Think how ludicrous would be the proposition of a young man to Us companion, while they wars promenading the Arcade, ot such aa idea as this: "Aw, conje along, I sty, and bar a pair of

spectacles with me: I want to wet this new hat" What if one of a company of young gentlemen on the street should say : . XT L T A . , . I

iiuw, Dujj, x want iu set em up ior trie crowd; come in and bare a chromo, or a bracket or something with me!" . Yet which would be - more valuable to a man and his family, chromos, brackets and even spectacles, or liquor enough to make him drunk? It is a lamentable fact that "treating" is a custom as purely American as it is ruinous in its effect And yet with this, as with many other injurious practices, people recognize and acknowledge their evil influence and power, bat will not abandon or condemn them because they happen to be customs largely observed by those who have the name of being generous, and shunned. by the stingy hard-fisted class. ' The Necessity of Light asd Air for I COpie with IHmbmI Optical Orfasa, (New York World. The eyes, those most sensitive organs, are said by physicians to be susceptible of almost all the diseases to which almost all tbe other organs are liable, so complicated is tbeir Rfrnrtnra Vt vmatJa In trn nr 1 1 i . attention to the state of tbeir eyes wben tbev are in a condition to do their work without any special effort But.it the eyes should become Inflamed, or th-anv wavsliirhtlv diseased, the injunction of some wise friend is, "Put on a poultice of bread and milk or tea leaves, and above all keep your eyes always bandaged so that tne air and lleht can't get at them." So hurtful was light in particular supposed to bs that tbe dreait of light was difinified with the name of photophobia. Physicians accepted it as a condition to be dealt with delicately, and patients upon -whose eyes operations were performed or who . bad . certain diseases of the ' eyes , were secluded entirely from light and air for longer or shorter periods. Bat the physicians who devote themselves especially to diseases of the eye are beginning to change all this. A. prominent physician said with retard to this subject: "It U often a nice question whether the sensitiveness of an eye to light and air is to be indulged or resisted, and at what point in the treatment exposure to light and air must be insisted upon, even though the apparent immediate efiect may induce dread of light shedding of tears or other indica tions ot suffering." "It is not to be supposed," tbe physician continued, "that because light produces distressing symptoms in certain eye cases, we are therefore to indulge the patient in bis desire to live in the dark or to multiply eye-shades; bat on the contrary, to resort to active measures which, un superficial observation, might seem to b opposed to tbe indications of treatment I might adduce the change which has occurred in our treatment of cataract cases. We can easily recall the time wben we shut onr patients in darkened rooms, after cataract extractions, for a period varying from one to five or six weeks, with only occasional introduction of daylight. Now we-' never shut them in the dart.- The instructions are to have the apartment light enough for the attendant to see . to read ordinary print, while we exclude light from the patient's eyes by means of a blaca: shade or darkened shell glasses so longas the entire rest of the wonnded organ may be essential to the cure, watching careful! v for the earliest moment at which the use of -light as a remedy may be adopted. By this method the patient iives in an atmospbereso illuminated as to be conducive to general nutrition and to the uniform practice of a hygienic regimen. "It may be said that the deductions for general treatment can - not be safely made from a certain number of cases. This leads to the question whether light should ever be entirely excluded from tbe room In which . there is a rase of eye disease, and if so under what conditions, and whether it is not better tA Yflnril liHt fmm th. mwmm vk.L - S allowed to pervade with its life-giving power tbe atmosphere in which the patient is kept In answering these questions, I would say that we would not shut a patient in a dark room except when nature provides the way at night or for such other and brief periods during the day as might be agreeable for oiwi? us cufctro timet, w tor we temporary application of iced and other dressings incompatible with the use of the black silk eye mask or shell shaped glasses. The value of tbe local method of excluding light is very great in certain constitutional diseases, in which we have o use every sanitary resource to cure tbe patient to lessen the amount of local damage or to diminish the tendency to recurrence of the local disease. Tbe inducement to shut a patient in the dark, in a case of inflammation of the pupil of the eye, (or instance, is a' most irresistible. I am bound to say, however, that in my experience, patients with the acute form of this disease wbo walk about get well with asfew bad results as any other class and in less time. To my surprise the poor man, exposed to msny hardships, wouid get well quickly, while the more luxurious patient would linger and perhaps suffer more and have more relapses. Over and over again have I seen patients with this acute disease far on to recovery within a week after the beginning of medical treatment and without any other precaution against exposure tolight - than would bs sfibrded by a pair of smoke colored shell glasses of medium shade. "In summing up my experience I am prepared to say daylight should not be excluded from apartments in which persons with diseases of the eye are being treated. It will befrequently necessary to oppose vigorously tbe tendency of a patient to dwell in the dark. As a rule the importance of and necessity for the use of light as a remedy will . b in inverse proportion to the inclination of the patient . We can not always 'depend noon the nresence of a dread of lirht aa an indication for a prolonged use of darkness as : a remedy."' ;:- mmm Pains in tbe Back. tilde orLolns are earby Hut'l RM . I ne ureal atto. nry nod UTtr -1. i t! :'. . ) .i . V , .' back." Mvdfrln. It is not a new compound, having been used by ail clnxKn for thirty . years, and saved from IlnrerinK dis ease and death, hundreds who have been given op by physicians. HUNT'S REMEDY earea. all Diseases of the Llrer, Kidneva, Biadderand Urinary Organs, Dropsy, Gravel, i)iabete and Incontinence and Retention of Urine. HU"T8 RKMEDY cures Bright' Disease of the Kidneys, (joneral Debility, Female Weakness, Nervous Diseases, Intemperance and Ex-' cesses. 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