Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 27, Number 60, Indianapolis, Marion County, 9 October 1878 — Page 2

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THE INDIANA STATE SENTINEL, WEDNESDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 9, 1878.

THE PIOMRS' COOTTION

The Aged Fathers of the State in Solemn Conclave at the Fair Grounds. Eloquent Historical Addresses by Judge Charles H. Test and Hon. John B. Dillon. tfames of Old Settlers, With Their Ages, Places cf Residence, and Number of Tears in the State. A Permanent Organization Formed, Constitution Adopted and Officer! Elected. , J From Thursday's Daily Sentinel. Music ball, adjoining the exposition, was packed to suffocation by 11 o'clock a. m yesterday, the time announced for the opening of the pioneer's conrention. LookiDg out from the stage could be seen a sea of grey beads, consisting of both men and women of "ye ancient time," and repr. anting all ages from 60 to 100 years. The oldest settler, Mr. Dewitt, of St aben county, aged 102 years, although not present, sent his regrets, with the hope that he would be able to attend the next "reunion a year hence. The meeting was called to order by Judge C. H. Test, of this city, who delivered the following opening address: Ladifs and Gentlemen I have been appointed to preside temporarily over this meeting of the old settlers of the state of Indiana until a permanent organisation Is made. Why I shou d have been selected to this position is to me, somewhat of a mystery. I am only 7 years old, and yet belong to "young America" proud and ambitiouj. '"iouog America," to w bom must be con tided the task of carry, lngduttbe great principles and measures so nobly beun and partly deveiooed In your day. I do not sympathise with that class of men who see every tbiog wrong because it is not done as It was loae when they were young: we should not distrust "young America." The men of to-day arc much like those -who ware lu active life when you and I were younger. Under the providence of Uo 1 many within tbesound of my voice will live to And the population of Indiana double what it la now. All they have to do hi to see tiat toe religious moral and educational Institutions of the state keep pace with its material development and all will be safe. Indiana has en unwritten history, and you will agree with me, 1 think, thai something should be done to plice that history upon record, ao l-r as possible, so that thoee who come after us may lead of tbe bar ships and adventures of the early aettler, hi privations and dangers In peace and war, his mighty struggle in laying the foundation of an empire which will eudure for ages to come. We have a stile historical society ; it has had a feeble existence for near a hall a century. It was founded. 1 think, in 1S.1:, and wiilie it has dragged Its slow length along, it has accumulated only a few books ud pampbleU. We hope to see it gain greater vitality. It ha been thought, however, that a state organizU on of old He tile rs would do much to perpetuate the history of Indiana, where we inigut hear something from each couuty of the doings aad sayings of the venerable fathers of the state, it la not desirable to know merely of the political event of the early days, but we wish to learn, as much as possible, of the lives of those who set tbe wheels of government in nvjtlon and controlled lis action, so much to the glory and honor of the state. Their names und private virtues should be handed down for the admiration and Imitation of their successors. The call for this meeting hai ben addressed to the momers as well as the fathers of the state. This was proper. There was no reason why the organization should be confined alone to the malt portion of the community. It Is true the duties of the wives were mostly coufined to the tot: cabins In which they 1 ved, but thrir Influence for good was as controlling then a th it of their daughters of the present day. They endured the same hardships, dan. gers and Buffer lugs as their husbands, and la some Instances even to a greater degree. Why Ignore the one-half of the sources of our Information? Bring on, mothers, the mementoes and pamphlets of your early days, and let u- hear from your own lips something of the struggles and toils of your early lite. ou have assembled from different portions of tbe state. Let all Join In making this occasion Interesting and profltab e. Even the newer counties have their old settlers. Men there in middle lite are the noble heroes, esteemed and honored beeaue of their efforts In rescuing their country from a dreary wilderness and devel- . oping it resources. A great work has boen done, 8u d we are here to recount tbe scenes and live over some of the hours of the p st. Tne men of to day can scarcely realize the suffering, the toil and danger i of tha first settlers of Indiana. Myl recur without the cbrge of egotism fro'n my own observation to some of the incidents attending pioneer life and the clrcatnsUuce which surrounded the early settler? Many of our young men are well acquainted with the history of the old world even that of Greece and Home while they have bu. a scanty knowledge of the history of their own stile. 1 fear. Indeed, that thy have fulled to read tbe well written and authentic history of Indiana by John B. Dillon. That history comes down t ithtf, the time when we became a mate In lh) U"ln. This leaves a space of more than 6. years In which we have uo reliable history. That interim of passing events should ) supplied, and the men who ran furnish the facts are fast sluklng Into the grave. Like tbe gtgaritle forests which then covered our lands, the actors and leaders of that day are fast vanishing frm our sight; their trlimphs are rapidly fading from our memory. Hhall the nob.e men who then battled for tne right and sue. cesfuliy fought the spirit of evil go down to the night ot lorgetfulnessT You are here to rescue their names and memories from so dire a calamity. My fattier, with his family, settled In the territory of Indiana 08 years ag 'len years be I ore that time tie territory of the northwest, oed.-d by Virginia to the United Htates, was divided, and a territorial government In Indiana was organized. William Henry Harrison was appointed goveruorof the new territory, and a distinguished pioneer, John Gibson, was selected as secretary. It Is said that the latter la tbe person to whom that plaintive aud eloquent speech of Logan, tbe Mlnjco chief, was addicted. Aitoutthetlrneof the organisation of the territory isaio Dunn, Jesse I llolraan, the Guards and Hays families settled la Dearborn county. They were all enterprising and substantial citizens. A few settlers were strung long the valley of tbe White Water. Mr. Major and holomon Maitwarlog settled Jtnt above where the town of Harrison was after ard located. In I87 and 108, near the mouth of Cedar creek, John luirk, i wis Dewese, Mr. Wiley (the father of the late Dr. Allen Wiley, the celebrated Methodist minister,) and tit Tyner family formed a settlement. About the ame time, further up the at brtuch of tho White Water, near Ilanna'a creek, mtgut be found the progenitors of our present member of con res from thladiatrlct and the Temoleton family all from Houth Ctroilna; and slid higher up, near where Richmond now stands, were to bi seen Jetenilali Cox, John Smith, the Hoovers, the Bail, and a few North Carolina tiuak-rs. These were Indeed the trur pioners of Intern Indiana, and their settlements formed a nucleus for a rapid inciea In our population, attract I otm-r emlf ants from other suites When we arrived in the trrltory there were no to wis or bridges; the people were without schools ttiidscht.ol houses; without churches, exneptas ecaslonally tbe neighbors met In some private house for the purpowof worshlo. I ii tiwt t tin country was a vast wilderness. It H tro. atter a ride of many miles, you might Hunt upon a log cabin, surrounded by a few acr-sof Impertectly cleared ground, where a little corn and a few pumpkins were raised. Immigration ha I, however, f tirly set In, and the neighborhoods already described were rvclviiJg0'MlonB, mostly from the Carolina. They were fleeing from states where, at that time, tho r"or wtilte man was regarded a little superior Ui tn slave or the cattle with which they eiiltlv.il d thfrfr fields. It was amusing to ae litem weodlog their way to ihelr fuluro home. I hive set n a family of eight or ten

fo:lowlmr on foot a cow, on the back of which was thrown a sack containing a 1 their worldly goods, and when asked, " Vhere are you from?" "Krura Beard's Hatter Hhop, North Carolina,", was the answer. On the next day perhaps you would meet just such another family fo.lowiog In the wake of a cart drawn by a poor old horse, whose ribs you could count at the distance of many yards; tbe cart bad no tyreexeept hickory wldtis. and not one ounce of iron entered Into lis struetu.e. "Where did you come from, friend?" From the shallow ford nt the Big Yadkin, North Carolina" - Why, I became almo t as familiar with the localities of the Carolluas as If I had lived there all my lifi. I remember ou one occasion to have heard my old friend, James Gregory, the father of Robert Gregory, late one of our supreme judges, canvassing for the office of lieutenant governor, maklug a stump speech in tne town of Hushvllle. lie said that he "whs born and raised in North Car Una and had never seen a wagon until he was 2) years old, and th-n followed It a mile to see why the big wheels did not ratob up with the little ones." Of course this was Intended as a Joke, but nevertheless was tolerably illustrative of the early Immigrants. They were not lea ned. but no truer people ever lived; tiiev were the firm friends of freedom and fought down tbe vile attempt to force slavery Into the territory. These people worked hard and lived bard. It is a matter of aniazeaient how they got along so well as they did. Tuelr cabins weie of the i udest kind. A f -.w nund logs notched down, one upon another until they reached a sufficient height to form a story of eight or nine ieet; a clapboa'd roof and puncheon floor; a "cat and cjay" chimney ornamenting one ot tbe gable ends of the structure; not a nail or pane of glass any where found such were, in short, their dwellings. The clearing of three or four acres of ground and the removing therelrom the green and heavy timber was a hard winter's work. Even in the spring when the seed was planted It was liable to be taken up bv the birds and squirrels, and some one of the family was required to keep a constant vigil around the luile field to prevent these depredations. In the fall when their scanty crop was about maturing It was in equal dan ger from tbe raccoon ana other wild animals roaming In the adjacent woods. The foregoing, however, were not the only di the allies surrounding the early settlers. The western boundary line of Fran Kiln, Wayne and Randolph counties sep -rated them from the almost boundless territory of tbe Indians. We were in the midst of a war with the neighboring tribes, and hostilities about to commence with Great Britain. The tavages continued to be exceedingly troublesome until 1814. They had taken tbe side of our enemies during the war with England. Tbe settler lived in dally dread, not

knowing at what moment his cabin might be infested y the savages, and himself and family fall victims tj tuelr cruel and relentless warfare. Murders were frequent all along the border, nor was it unusual that the settler was compelled to fly to some neighboring blockhouse for protection. Two persons, whose names 1 have now forgotten, were butchered not far above Brookvitle, while working in their held, and their horses stolen. A man by the name of Morgan and his two brothers were s ain by the Indians on the west fork of the White Water.. The Inhabitants bec iine sensitive to alarm. The frequency of such occurrences and the hundreds of rumors of bloody msssacres, many of which never haprned, caused them to live In constant ter or. recollect on one occasion a gentleman on horseback came dashing up to our cabin, warning us to tl for our lives u tbe house of James Kulgot, In Brookvilie. as the Indians were killing tbe settlers some eight or nine miles above, and wouid soon be upon us. It was a cold, frosty night in the fall of 1812. Without giving me time to more than half dress, we were hurried to Mr. Knight's, where we found about 60 persons, men, women ana children. A dozen Indians could have captured the whole party without trouble. There were lu the crowd a few guns, but a gn at scarcity of ammunition. Mr. John K. licatty, -bo lather of the late David Beatty, of this city, kept the only store lu Brookvilie. Hehadaoouta half a keg of powder, which was freely ottered on this occa sion. Beatty was a brave and generous man, aud had command of the citadel. Children half frozen were crying In the arms of tuelr mothers, and the mothers themselves weeping in utter despair. It was indeed a gloomy night. Beatty exerted nimseii to encourage lioiw and dry their tears. The next mom In it abjut V o'clock the scouts woo had been feu t out to reconnolter tne movements of the en emy returned and reported that some hunters on tne waters oi rip creez n -a latieu in witn a Mock of turkeys,and in the night were shootlnzthemon their roosts. ims circumstance kuvu rise to the alarm. We then separated to our respective homes, truly glad that we re tained possession oi onr seal ps. With the exception of the battle of Tippe canoe, foment uuoer tne command ot ueneril Harrison, November 7, 1312, our campaigns were generally successful. The surrender of General Hall at Fort Dearborn in the month of August, 1812. without firing a EUii; the fal ure of the mounted expedition that m lrched trotn Fort Harrison under tbe command of General Hopkins; the retreat of Colonel Campbell alter the battle of the Mis slsawa on the 18th of D-cember, 1812. and thedis strum defeat of General Winchester oa the ?2d ot January, I8i3, at the river Kaisoti, gave boldness to the enemy aud enabled Tecumsch and bt brother, tue prophet, to unite almost the entire body or me Indians or tne northwest ganst our people. Tbe inhabitants occupying the frontier settlements had cood reason lor alarm. The bttte of the Thame aud the algtial de'eit of Proctor with his British lorces and Indian allies In the lu ter part of 1813, together with a few successful raids about that t me in wnicn tne inatan villages and their corn were burned and destroy ed, gave us great relief and Improved the condition of the early settlers. The poverty and sufferings of the Indians produced divisions lu the neighboring trioes ana induced mem finally to sue for peaoe. By the middl of the year 1811 we began to feel secure lu our homes I think It appropriate, and I know that I shall be forgiven, if. Just here, 1 quote somewhat from a graphic description of the times given by Mrs. ltebcc Julian. Her communication w in published In 18-31 in a Centervllle paper, where I then resided. Mrs. Julian, with her husb itid. Isaac Julian, moved to the wulte Water country In lsus she was themuther of Jacob and George Julian, two well known citizens of this vicinity. Mrs. Julian, among o'her things, fcays: Ayoang man by thenanieoirthorlrldgo was kll.ed by the Indians about three miles from our fort. He had on at the tlm? a po tlon or the dress of another man who had mad threats against them and It Is supposed that thev mistook him for the latter. In the spring Charles Morgan and his two half brothers were killed at their sugar camp, sca'ped and one or them thrown lot i the tire. This happeuet about six miles from our residence. This was quite alarraii.g. We knew not what to do We gathered ourselves In small groups In order to hold council. Finally we concluded to leave our new horn -a, which we did time after time for the space of two ye us. We were grateful Indeed to ae peace returning so that we could again enjoy our homes. Th re were many serious trlaut In the begin. Ingofthls country with those who setiled amid the heavy timber, having nothing to depend upon for a living but their own industry. Huchwasour situation. However, we were blessed with health and strength, aud were enabled to accomplish all that was necessary tone done. Our husbands cleared the grouud and assisted each o'her la rol.ing tbe logs. We often went with them on these occasions to assist In cooking for tbe hands. We had fl st rate times Just such as hard laboring men and women can appreciate. We were no: what now would be called 'aahlonahle co lu. We had no pouud cake, preserves or Jellies but the subs antials prepared were la plain, honest, old fashioned style. This Is i ns reason why we were so b nt In health. We bail none of your daiutiea nlckaacks and many fixings that are worse than nothing. There are many diseases now that were not beard of SO or 0 years ao, aueh as dyipsla, neuralgia, aud others too tedious to mention. It was not fashionable at thr' Ume to be weakly. Weeould take our ap ttur wheel and walk two miles to a splno fiollc, do our day's work and, alter a first-ra'e supper. Join la some lnnoc-tit amusement for the evening. We did not take very particular pains to keep our ha ads white. We knew ther were made to use to our advantage. therefore we never thought of having hands Just to to 'k at. Each settler had to go and as sist nis neighbors luor iaays, or tnereaoouts, in order to vet help agata In log rolling time. This was thsonly way to get assistance la re turn." You see the good old iady tslks right out and tells, without iloubt.a true story of her younger lite. Hhe rulghl have stid much more of the habit i and customs of her sex in that early day. The women at that time and for many year alter not ouly spun and wove the fabrics for their own garmeuts, but that of the whole family. Thoy were their own mantua makers, and d'ld the tailoring for the father and sons. 1 have to-day a pl-atlr g remembrance ot their white "lid well nttlng dresses, with a small stripe of blue or r d woven in the Ubrlo out of . m . a at t.ll j whim tny were maup. as to tue tailoring. I often thought the waist of the coat too short by six or elRhi Inches, and the breaches rather somt in material. Twelve "cuts" was a good dav'a work, and If there was a sarpins of the woven maU-rlal after supplying tbe wants of the family, It found a reauy aaie at tne nearest store. Itwasanign coinmcnuat.nn in mose dava that a voiina lady was an adept In silunln and weaving. When I was a young in in. some &i years B'o, occasionally 1 visiuu tne daughter of an old friend, the mother took me round the cabin aod showed tne the bun llMof jaf. her daughter hsd spud and the beaaUlul coverlids site had woveu. Of course 1 was charmed, but I soon fouud my visits

were far mare agreeable to the mother than the daughter, bhe afterwards married a very clever gentleman. While alluding to the general privations of the early settler there was one embarrassment which weighed heavily upon his energies, and Is measurably unknown tc the present generation. Poor as ha usually was he had brought from his old home means sufficient t enter a tract ot government land. As the law then stood he could not enter less than a quarter se tlon. The price of the public land was 12 per acre, and the purchaser was required to pay or one fourth down, one-fourtu In two years and the balance in two equal annnal Instalments with interest; altogether S320. A failure to pay any one of the Instalments caused a forfeiture, not only of the land, but the amount paid. It Is safe to say that not two out of nfty w-re able to meet the payments as they lelldue. Their f llure placed them at tho mercy of the government, and made them mere tenants at sufferance. The government, however, did not d-clare the forfeiture, and la March, 182, congress passed an act suspending the forfeiture nntll March 81, 1821. This secured to the ettler his home for another year, but that waa all. The instalments were all due and he had no more money at theexplratinn of the year than when the act was passed. It only postponed tbe evil da,. In the month of March following it looked as if something would b done rr the relle'of the settler. A bill was Introduced In congress which provided that the bolder of any 1-gal cert ideate of purchase might file a relinquishment In writing, on or before September 80, 1821, in the land office, and if such person bad paid only one-fourtu of the original price of the land, the balance should be paid In eight equal annual lnsialments; it he had paid one-naif of the original price, the balance coold be paid in six equal annual Instalments; If three-fourths part of the original price, the balance could be paid In four equal annual Instalments, and If tbe whole sum should be paid by the SUth of September, 182, adeductlouof 37 per cent, should be made; but such discount should not apply to the payments which had already been made. This bill panned March vl, 1821. My friends, if thlsenact ment had been faithfully carried out It would have afforded substantial relief to the settler; but the time for the application was short. Many lived remote I rooi the land office, and never lu-aid of the relief proposed until it was too latetoavalf themselves of Its provisions. Above all, the time bad nearly expired before the land officers of tne district reoeiv-d their instructions rrom the proper departm-nt. The coiikquence was, very few received any benefit iromthelaw. Another bill was Introduced in congress, and after great oppositiou was 11 u ally passed on tbe third day of March, 1821, exteudtug the provisions of the, law of 1821 to the V'th of September, 18 1. General James Noble and Waller Taylor were onr United -States senators at that time and Jonathan Jennings tbe sole representative of Indiana. Taylor never lived an hour l'i the state alter his election, but returned to Virginia, his native state, and remained there until his term of office exClred. Noole and Jennings worked like eavers to procure the pa-sage of the relle! measure to whlcu I have Just referred. They saved hundreds of families from uttr ruin. Noble's reception at home after tbe passage of the last bill was a perfect ovation. Si en came long distances to thank him tor his services in their behalf. Noble died in Washington, having seived In the senate of the United Htates ltf years, and Jennings, for many years one of the most popuiar m-ii In the state, was burled near Cbariestown without even a headstoue to designate his resting p ace. With ah these trials and discouragements I have seen Indiana rise from a population scarcely equal to that of a present county town t' 2,0u0.00u people, embracing within Its limits 4,000 miles of railroad and about as many miles of telegraphic facilities, prosperous cities and towns, magnificent churches, well improved famis with stately mansions, and school houses In every neighborhood, and a common school fand larger than that of any other Bt te in the Union all this in one lifetime. Our advance surpasses the imagination. It looks more like magic than reality. Who are the mea that contributed to this wonderful success? I would gladly refer you in detail from my own persoual rec 'llectlon to many of those who )wrticlpated In the events resulting in the extraordinary changes and adopted the measures necessary to nerfect them, but time will only permit. In this address, to glance at some of the more Important. You, of this association, should fill up the vacancies. If you do not ieel free to enter more fully into some of these matters, you can at least give us many of the religious, moral and social events of your early days. They gave shape to our present Institutions and will ie highly interesting to your sue essors;nor will these det ills be any the less Interesting because ihey originated from a heterogeneous f ipula Ion drifted from many lands, mostly, t Is true, from the southern stares, but a few from Pennsylvania and some from tne mountains of New England, aud each embued with the peculiar views derived from the customs of th-lr native bomea. In this crowd O' Old settlers who Is there that can not give us a description of an early corn hiking, when the corn heap.

being equally divided, the capyiln and the men on ea'h side selected, and the party who first anWhed thlr po tlon of the iiean carried their cuota n In triumph on their shoulders Into the ranks of the opposition. In ridicule of tbe laller's tardiness. What venerable mother is here wlu can not detail the particulars of a sewing match or quilting, in which thev narticlnated In early life. when. after their day's work was finished, their hus bands and neighboring young men joined them at the hou-e. spent the evening, sid some times to the snal hours of the morning, in plsyiDg "Sister Phoebe," or, if a violin could he had, in dancing an old fashioned "reel?" There are but few of this association who could not tell us something about tbe old regimental musters In Indiana, at which most of the voters of tbe county attended, and alter passing through the various military evolutlous with clubs and cornstalks in place or guns, the regiment wss addressed by their distinguished commanders, and often tbe afternoon was occupied with po ltical speeches. About tbe lait muster at which I was present I recollect the colonel of the regiment was noted for a squeaking voice. When the corps waa ready to receive him, he rode up in front of his regiment, the only mau in the field dressed in unlfoim, and in his squeaking voice, called out "Attention batalllou." A boy some or 300 yards distant cried out in imitation of the commander's vole , "Children, come out of the branch, or you will get snake bit" Of course It raised a huge laugh, and I never, heard of that regiment bung called out again. Many of you could aescr be the earlv struggles of the church to maintain itself In tne rude state of society which surround d It. There were Lewis Dewea e and Judge Hoiman, of the Baptist church, Mr. Bare and Mr. Bush, of the Presbyterian church, JeremUh Hubbard and Charles Osboru, of the Quaker society, John Strange, Jam Havens, Edwin way, jona r. lmruin, jmes Armstrong nu many others of the Methodist church, who deserve to be mentioned. These were all bravo and eloquent preachers. Wherever vice showed its hideous hea l they were kure to strike at It. It Is true that murders, robberies and burglaries were unusual, but fighting. cock ruatDs and gambling were common vices; the use of Intoxlcat ing liquors was general In a most every private house, and small dlstilleri s were located all over the Inhabited portion of the country. Under the influence of such men to whom 1 have alluded these vices w-re kept in check. We bad then oar great periods of revival, in which tbe christian met andwnmnnof the day seemed to be Inspired by a supernatural power. Under the Influence of such men the church even became apgr-slve, and often triumphed over a powerful opposition In passing laws and enforcing them to maintain the good order of society. These scenes aud the berolo exertions or the men of that day ae almost forgotten. The leaders of these movements those who snatched society rrom the bauds of the rowdies, the gambler and the bully ar fast going out of remembrance. Can you not revive their memories? Burns immortalised his name by his sweet strains commemorative of the social habits of Scotia, as Homer did that of Greece, aud while there may be no Burns or Homer In this association, yet surely you can, in plain and simple language, give us the names or some of those whose Influence tended to modify the character of society. Right here, though somewhat out of place, I can uol refrain from ad ei Hog for a moment to the la-t time I heard John Strange preach. It was 40 years ago, at a camp meeting lu Hu h county. The first s-rtnou i ever listened to In Indiana was preached by John strauge. He was preaching whe t my father first settled In the territory. During the war and our ludlan troubles he rode from one block housu to another to preach to the people and to console and comfort them In their diredlstreaa. I ver. lly believe that he did not know wh- tcowardIce was. He was sensitive to an extreme, and could shed tears at the hast murmur of distress, and yet of a"couragn to stand unmoved nt the bursting ot an earthquake." His annunciation was clear and distinct Ills voice was peculiar, but rather musical, and without apparent effort be could throw It to be heard at a greater distance than any other man I ever knew. It was understood that John Strang', the pretldlng elder, would be present on the occasion alluded to. Here wer the rude tents and seats, the t mpor-ry pulpit and altar, erected amid the grand old trees which had "ruled the forest for agoa past " Here was assembled a vast throng of people who had come in wagons and on horseback, many 80 or iO miles troin their hotne-s, to worship their Maker and Join la the sol-inn exercises of th meeting. It wss the Habbath day; thw 10 o'clock hour had Arrived, ani the presiding

elder appeared upon the stand. The sermon can not be described. I can not depict h w that multitude of men and women were meited into tears. Yet it was true. There waa the stern Presbyterian, and the staid Baptist, and tbe bronzed and stalwart countryman swayed by the lofty eloquence and thrilling appeals of the preacher as the storm rocks the vessel at sea. Shouts of approval went up from every quarter of the encampment. I shall never fo get th feeling produced when he alluded to his poverty, his long service to his church and fellow men, and holding np his arm pointed to his dilapidated coat as the only one he had In the world. The excitement throughout was intense; the blood gushed fiom the nostrils of one man who bad been noted as never having a religious sentiment in bis life. John Strange died poor, bat his memory still lives as one ol the purest and ablest men of his day. There are many other subjects the history of which would torra a valuable addition to public knowledge. The judicial history of Indiana; tbe organization or tbe courts; the changes in the law and the practice under it; sketches of the most eminent of our judge and members of tbe bar, are all worthy of preservation. The literary, the medical, the agricultural and manu'acturing history would each be very interesting. The . projectors of our railroads, and railroad men should t4 noted. Our colleges and universities, and schools cf higher grade, aa we 1 as their founders, should have tbelr profier mention. But this address must have an end. It Is already longer than intended. It was difficult, however, to make It shorter, and many temptations to lengthen It. Ia conclusion. I can truly say that. I am glad to meet you here; and hope tbatlnere will be rainy annusl reunions of the old settlers of Indiana, and the pi ope r means adopted o perpetuate tbe history of tbe entire state. Whether we shall have these early reminiscences or notdepend.upon your determination. You can not set up as an excuse that you are old and your memories have failed; for we know as a general result, that while the mem ory grows dull a- to what passed veeterdav, it becomes brighter as to the even sof our earlier years. Physical infirmity, it is true, may render all exertion painful, and In some Instances Impossible. Mauy of us are old, however, because we whimsically allow ourselves to so think and act. Von Molt ke. at tbe age of 75 years, successfully commanded the armies of Ciermany. . Old statesmen line Palmerston skilfuhy governed Oreat Britain as her prime minister, and old orators like Thiers of France, are or en strongly eloquent. They roused themselve to the work before them and astonished the world with their triumphs. It Is tne will we want tbe intellect is here. We have had many political cam ralgns, the history of which might be glveu wl'hout in the least Inter ering with the party feelings of the present day. The incidents, if fairly and truthfully re ported, would afford mcch amusement as well as instruction. No political contest, however, in indiaua ever equaled that of 1810. It was the most remarkable that ever occurred in the life of the nation. The excitement was unparalelled. The outjiounng of the people, the enthusiasm, the log cabins, the canoes, the banners and flags, the coon skins, the hard cider, and the thousand devices to attract atlentlou or express a sentiment but, above all, the 40,000 people assembled in conveutton at the Tippecanoe battle grouud, and sending forth a mighty voice to all the states of the an on, was literally overwhelming. What opposition cou.d withstand for a moment tbe terrible avalanche? Ihe revolution in public sentiment was complete. The party In power was burled from their places as dry leaves before the wind, still we have no record of that wonderful campaign except a few perishing newspapers. Is there no one here to revive the memory of the scenes of the year 1810? Hay ewe also forgotten the men who lead in the events to which I have alluded? I remember the names of Oliver H. Smith, James Rarlden, Samuel C. Parker, Caleb B. Smith, George G. Dunn, Jonathan Mccarty, George H. Proffitt, and a host of others who might be mentioned. The gentlemen named are all dead; yet lor force, power and eloquence they are not exceeded by any of those of the present day. In t'K runny inst -luces we have flle4 to foster the fame of our great men. While other states cherish the reputation of their brlghtersntrlts, and glory in doing honor, even to distinguished opponents, we too frequently suffer our petty jealousies and party strifes to detract from their true merits. Let us nurse the memory ot our great men and extol their good deed, and the world will be the more ready to do them Justice. A very interesting portlou of our history Is connected with the adoption of the great system of Internal Improvement of 1SW For several years previous the subject bad occupied the attention of our principal public men .-eth Sevenworth, one of my early school teachers, an enthusiast in favor of internal improvements, was elected to tbe legislature, and brought the matter in 1826 before ihe body, of which he was a member. HLs measures, however, were deemed extravagant, end met with little support. In 18.8 Governor Ray, In a turning mesge, again brougot the subject before the people of the state; but his plans were alto thought to be extravagant and himself a fanatic. 1 recollect about this time tny respected father. In a public speech, told tbe people that In Euglanu ihey were running on railroads at the rate of 20 miles an hour. Many of his audience doubted his word us a thing lraprob 'ble, insisting "that a traveler going at such tpeed could not catch his breath." Public sentiment, however, became more and more enlisted with each returning year. Asa result of the continued agitation and dl-ensMon of the subject, a bill was Introduced and passed In I8&i an op ing a magnificent scheme for Improving I Instate. Eight different works, consisting of pike roads, canals and railroads were authorised, and required to be completed without delay; a board of public works constituted, and a loan of ten millions rermitted on a credit of 25 years, at 5 per cent, uterest. Ihe passage of the law was hailed with demonsliatlous of delight. Bonfires and illuminations were Kindled in every locality to be benefited by uuy of tbe works. The measure, however, was not adopted without opposition in the legislature. Eighteen members of tbe house voted against the law, and alont one-third of tbe aena e. heiuled by John Dutnont, the senator from Swltreriand, one of the ablest and most witty debators ol his day. John Dnmont entered the arena the nextyear as a candidate for governor against David Wallace, who favored the system. Tne only question dlscns cd was the classification of the public works. Dumout was defeated, to the great giattficatlun of the friends of tbe measure. After a struggle of several years, In wulch no one of Him contemplated Improvements was completed, and n debt of ten millions was lucurred, the whole scheme Ml. tinhonored, towethi r with Its warmest advocates. It was a stupendous failure, the hi tory of which would require many pages to unfold While the truJi of history remands that we should record s mo mislskes In the measures adopted, however well Intended, there are others ol which we may lastly boast.

Our school system is of the number. M.my hard battles were fought beiore it became fixed on a basts which we now trut and be lieve is permanent. The tna-s of our people had come from states where fics schools had no existence. They were averse to taxing themselves to educate ihe children of others. As late as lH'sl the ceusus showed that we had nearly (7a WW) seventy-five thoasand people over tbe age of twenty-one years who could neither read nor write. Only think of It! Forty thousand voters who could not read tho billots which they cast, and near thirty-five thousand mothers unable to teach their children the first rudiment of an education. Ever since tbe adoption of tbe first constitution of the state, tbe subject of common schools was a tberre of constant agitation on the stump, by the press and In the legislature. It would be curious reading if we hud time to give the arguments for and agslnst tbe measure. When, about the year 1M', the house of representatives proposed a bill establishing a system off ee schools with a limited tax, the senate refcred It to the people by a provision that the law should only opcrato In such counties a should, by a popular vote, adopt It. This Itself was considered a great trlumpbUthough nearl one hulf of 'be c unties rejected the measure, and It Is a ra ig tact. tha. in every county where a coi.vge was located the majority was found aclmt the law. Now tree schools are accessible to all the children of tbe state to the xtor and rich atike. What a glorious consummation of inanly struggle! liberty and law, progress and civilisation, will travel toffether, binding in one common cause by trie efficient means of our common schools the vast popular ion of the ages to come. li-fore closing this part ot my address in reference to ' ur common schools, we should rjot f ill to not lee how It was that f I.UiO.OOO was adued to our school fund. In 18-M Geo. II. Dunn, Samu-I Merrill, Calvin Kletcl er, Jas. M. Kay and oth r gentlemen Intertsted themselves In procuring an act of the leglsl. iture establish ing a state bank and branches, one-half tbe stock to be subcrlbrd and held by Individuals, the other half by tbe state. Tiisumrf I2V cents was to be deducted from tha dividends of the individual idockholder and retalurd In bsnk, and to constitute a permanent fund for oomnion school purpo.es. The atate borrowed about .'l,ooo,oi i) to pay her portion of the slock. The act establishing tlin brink provided for the creation of a sinking fund, to liquidate aud pay the loan of the state. A plain, slmplo h arted old farmer, Johu B-'ard, managed to get In an amendment providing, "That a'ter the payment of th loau. ttie realduo ot a id fund chill oa a permanent fund to be. spproprlatedtolhecaiiN of common school edtioiitlori." The men who f ad ln-en instru mental In procuring the charier had ttie chief management or tne nauk. t's busiurss was well conducted. It maintained its credit unImpaired throughout all I ho reverses ot the times. Upon winding up Us affairs It waa lound that It had paid the state loan and left a

surplus of 51.000,000 to be used as a permanent fond fox common school purposes. This fund was saved to the children of the state by reason rf tli amendment offered by old John Beard, of Montgomery county. His name should be precious to every boy and girl who enjoys the benefits of our common schools. The address of the Judge was frequently interrapted by applause, and was highly appreciated by the. maoy aged veterans present, as was indicated by tbe vote passed at its close, ordering 5.U00 copies printed in pamphlet form for distribution. Oa motion of A. D. Hararich, of Rising Sun, the following persons came up and registered their names, with place of residence, age and number of years in the state, and signified their intention of becoming members of the permanent organization. BEUISTEBKU OLD SETTLEKS:

3 RESIDENCE. 4) 02 La porta 79 Indianapolis 70 Lawrenceburg . 72 Indianapolis 78 Barley town 71 Irvington 72 41 Indiauapolis 71 44 Indianapolis. 74 43 Indianapolis. 72 41 Indianapolis 7i 42 Albany . 78 42 Indianapolis 72 Indianapolis 7tJ 5i Indianapolis. 71 41 Indianapolis. 78 45 Indianapolis 70 4ti Kent...-...- 70 48 Miami 81 42 Indlanapols 78 57 Castleton-...- 75 tiO Indianapolis-... 71 40 Glenn's Valley. M 41 Indianapolis..-. 77 43 Indianapolis. 74 ... Indianapolis 71 41 Indianapolis 87 41 Lyon's Station. 78 m lyon's Station. 7:1 l3 Dublin 72 60 Rochester...- 71 43 Union City 72 63 Lyons...... 75 62 Indianapolis..-. 82 58 Indianapolis 74 40 Indianapods 82 60 Indiauapolis-. 76 52 Indianapolis 78 59 Paoli. 72 62 Medora - 73 62 Indianapolis..... 76 57 Crawfordsville- 68 45 Angola.. 68 41 I Arcadia 70 60 Indianapolis. 72 t'J Indiauapolis 70 45 Indianapolis 84 43 Indianapolis 74 44 Indianapolis 74 42 Indianapolis 71 48 Indianapolis 71 48 Indianapolis 71 60 Traders Point.- 73 51 Indianapolis 80 58 Irvington. 70 60 Green field 70 , 50 DaleviUe- . 70 55 Msrion 70 60 Indianapolis 76 49 Avllla 73 41 Charleston ....... 71 67 Milroy . 75 45 PerklnsvLlle 70 53 Laporte 79 47 Indianapolis..... 72 41 Indianapolis 70 50 Indianapolis.. 71 41 Pendleton 71 41 Oxford .. 71 52 Metemora...- 77 60 Indianapolis..- 70 46 Iaporte 78 35 I nulao spoils.. 73 57 Dublin 70 60 Indianapolis 70 42 Kokomo 75 63 Indianapolis 71 47 Oak own-.... 71 55 Oaktown ... , 77 54 Boa we 11 Ki s Marion Centre- 81 43 Indians polls 76 42 Indianapolis 76 50 Hhelbyville . 7 4S Shelbyville.. 73 eo Elizavllle 82 5i Shelby Centre- 70 61 Noblesville 77 61 Shelby Center- 86 46 Marlon Center- 71 60 Indianapolis 80 Coatsville. . 71 48 Iayette 75 52 Hope 7 60

NAME. George Crawford Avery Gates Lucy McCracker Joh n Crura , T. B. Boxley E. II. Anderson....-. Han Ion Carter A. G. Willard John Kizer John II. HItt Ezra Bantz .... . M rs. A m y Cox Joseph Caylor John Carlisle.. ...... John I j. Hereth...... N. N. Hook U Llovd John Sma ley-..... George Bruce Anim Kmlth , ,,, J. 13. Abbott......... David Fisher ....... Anna Brouse Karah Kilpatrlck....... John H. Myers Mrs. Eliz'th Holmes Thomas Simpson...-. Joa naT. Simpson.. Benjamin Crull... .. Anna OuKtaIl... Simeon Brante Clayton Lambert... John L. Jones.-..... Joseph Swan-... John Clifford Thoniiui imgford.... Isaac Patterson....Koliert Williams Catherine Cord Haunah Beeler....... Henry 8. Lane. ......... Li. H. Stecker-.......M.. Livinla Martz. J. Holllngsworth... C. liollingsworth John Harcourt-.. Harcourt John Carr E. B. Wright Alexander Adams...James Trueblood...... Silas White John W'ikard J . C. Fergucon Catherine Ed wardsElizabeth Nedy John Hodee James Grtsley Eben Jones... James Boyer . Ell Thomas Iewis Donnell...... .- James Forest. John E. Deckerson. Tho a-as II. LynchSamuel Mendett.. David Ootson11 t!7 Ill ... TO. I IPO. ....... .......... Henry Pond... Levi Ay res.. ... ,. James Golbre&tt.. Abraham Evans.... Be uj am In Crall. . Allen LloydClara Kuhn Abner H. Dawson.--. ('has. McConnell ... J. Vanlandigham.. Par. lios well.. ....... Elizabeth Storet Maiia llolbrook....... Ellen Wilkins ... Jeremiah Bennett-... Joseph St'ittard.... . James McVey . Zacn Webb Peace Maker...--. Dr. Kennedy-... , Kobtrt Metier..-... Mrs. Esther Rice Isaac Keith.-. Eli Huntsluger Anderson After the list was completed prayer was offered by tbe Rev. Joseph Tarkintrton, of Greensburg, who nettled in the state GO years g3. Governor Williams was then introduced, and said: SPEECH OF GOVERNOR WILLIAMS. It affords me great pleasure to meet you today. I have seen seventy-nine years and forty-nine days. I have been acctstomed to meeting with the county pioneers f ear'y days, and nothing gives tne more satisfaction than to be here to-day. I know something ot their hardships; as the common saying Is, "I have been there." I once spoke ar. one of tbelr meetings ol the mills we hail in the country away hack, and of deer skins punched with holes for selves: but one of the old men couldn't remember It, and shook his head. Soon ten or twelve came to my rescue and said: "I remember 'era well; that la no lie." I have served with three generations in the legislature from Dearborn county by the name of Tbbs. I us'd to like to go to cotton pickings, and I guess there are 2X' persons here who know all about them, and I noticed that the Me the girls were on always won. They would hide the cotton then. A voice: "Governor, you are mistaken; thoy haven't forgotten to blue the cotton to-day." The governor then told an interesting story ol bow W. M. Safford, of Hank-on county, obtained his education, and concluded by saying Judge Tist bad filled tbe bill, and in the i.arue of the state I bid the eel tiers a beartv welcome. On motion, John II. Dillan was elected secretsry. A committee f five to draft a cons'itution for a permanent organization was appointed as follows: Joh a R Dillsn, chairman; Mr. Simple, Mnncie; Henry S. Laue, Crawfordsville; Dr. Sreversoo, Greencastle; Mrs. Chris Tarker, Fort Wfiyne. On motion, General Bimonson was added to the committee. The meeting then adjourned until 2 o'clock. Afternoon Meaalon. Tbe meeting was called to order at 2 o'clock p. m. by Chairman Test. The Hon. John B. Dillo'i, Indiana's historian and chairman of fte committee on permanent organization, waa then introduced, and delivered a most excellent addrets, as follows: me. oillon's address. The first state convention composed of old settlers ol Indiana will be mentioned in history as a memorable meeting of honorable representatives and personal examples of that remarkable clssiol people who laid the foundations Of Clvllhed communities In a Vast Wilderness, and who labored long, faithfully and successfully to nlso our state aud our nation Into conditions of strength, peace and civil and religious trtedoro. They have made Indiana a great state among the stales of the Union, and they hsve helped, with strong r.n, to make the Union a greut nation among the nations of the eurth. The works In which the old settlers of Indiana, as a class, have made t einselves famous are not finished, and these works of human progress and Improvement must be carried on through tuture times by the wlaoom, strength and patriotism of the people of the Hate. Indiana, like the tistlon of which it forms a part. Is yet lu Its enrlr youth, and in 11178, one hundred yesrs In the future, the rltlsens of the Mate at that time will study with a high degree of Interest the various Institutions and the manner-sand custom of thlr predecessors of the present tlni s, who win then be icgarded as pioneer settlers of Indiana. It ia not my Intention, on the present occasion, to make a long discourse on tbe marvelous growth of tie United States and the extraordinary labors and triumphs of th a who are known aa pioneer settlers of the west. Our English diction ries say that the word "p o-n-er" means otie who goes bufor to remove fiblrnctions or prepare t lie may for another. The members of tha Old Settlers' nssoclat Ion of Indiana knew more than something about the dangers, to Is and trials of what Is c-illed Western pioneer 11'. They have studied tho hard lessons fo'lnany years: they know them by heart, and f very old settler In this assemblage of hon'ired men and wonvn can, from observation and pe sonal esperlence, relate many Interesting particulars in reference to

the scarry umee in our state. Nevertheless, In

viia cw"! wi lew oner remarKs, i will mention son-'e remarkable facts which have, perhaps, faded from the memories of many of the old settlers'. Indeed, I sometimes thluk that they do not 6f arty see and appreciate the extraordinary results of their own labors in Indiana, nor the wonderful greatness of the work that has been dono, in a suort period of time, by the pioneer settlors of that part of our conn - iry wuicn ilea weviwaraiy Ol tne AIie-, gheny mountains, and extends to tbe Pacific ocean. What was the condition of this vast region In 1770, at the time when some men and some women whoare now alive were little children 7 A few pioneer settl- rs were Hying on tbe borders or the Monongabela river, in ihe vicinity of Old Redstone fort, which stood at the present site of Brownsville; aou where tbe city of Pittsburg now stands there wss a small village and some old fortifications; there was a Moravian missionary station among tbe Indiana who lived on tne upper borders of the liver Muskingum; there were small clvi Ized settlements and Indian trading posts at Vlncennes, Kaskaskla. Cahokio, St. Louis, Detroit. Mackinaw, ean Francisco and Santa Fe; and there were a few Cathotio missionary stations at o'her places among the Indian tribes. At that time the total civilized population of the 13 English colonies in America was not as great as Is tbe population of the state of Ohio at the present time. Then in 1770, in the Immense region lying between the Allegheny mountains and the Pacific ocean, there was no organized state, there was no county, there was no republican lorm of government, there was no civil court for the administration of Justice, there was do printing office, there was no public school. Now, In this vast wilderness region, In the course of the lifetime of some persons whoare very old, the western pioneer et tiers have organized nineteen states and eight territories, viz: West Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Missouri, Kansas, Texas, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Colorado, Nebraska, Oregon, Nevada, Iowa, Utab, Montana. Dakota, Idaho, Washington, Wyoming, Arizona, California and New Mexico. In these strong and enlightened states and growmg territories, where the principles of c vll and religious llbeity bave been established, there are at the present time many large cities, countless numbers of towDS villages and farms, thousands or those m'ghty engines which move the world I mean churches and printing presses great numbers of universities, colleges and academies, many costly benevolent institutions, at least IV) ,000 teachers of public schools, of whom about 14,000 are employed in tbe public schools of Indiana. These interesting and temai kable facts prove that the persevering labors of patriotic pioneer settlers of the region lying westwarol of the Allegheny mountains have produced many marvelous results in a very brief period of time. We may look in vain through the records of tbe past lor another instance In which mankind have made works as great as these in a period so brief. The ear Hi covers the mortal remains of thous&Dd of those who were pioneer settlers of the west, and who, in their stations in life, were great and good men and women, according to their opportunities. Before the time of the decla atlon of American independence an organized body of western pioneer settlers agreed to maintain the principles of religions freedom in the west: On the 27th ol May, 1775, at Boonesborougb, in Keutucky,a political organization, which assumed the name of the legislature of the colony of Transylvania, unan'mousiy adopted a com pact, from which tbe following la an extract: 4. That there be perfect religious freedom and general toleration: provided thnt the firopagators of any doctrine or tenets evidenty tending to the subversion of our laws, shall, tor such conduct, be amenable to and, pun Uhed by the civil courts " A declaration so universally in favor of "perfect religious freedom" has no precedent in the proceedings of any legislative body that ever met ou the continent of America. About two hundred and thirteen settlements, w h ich were called 'st at Ions," "forts" or ' bloc khousts." were established In Ken'ucky between the years 1771 and 1795. (Collies' Kentucky.) In the summer of 1773, Zebnlon Herton and John Parish, who were good Quakers of Pennsylvania, visited, for beuevolent purposes, some of the Indian villages on the northwest side if the river Ohio Oa their jourhey homeward they passed by the w v of of Fort Pitt, llraddock's battleUeid, Redstone Old Fort, Limel Hill, and a pioneer house which was called More's tavern. Of this tavern Mr. Herton, in his journal, says: "The landlord was from home, and the landlady a proud and 111natured woman ; so that we had aa unpleasant time." (His. Mag., Feb.. 1870.) Daniel Boone, In an account of his adventures, written by himself, says: ''Many dark and sleepless nights hsve I spent, separated from the cheerful society of men, scorched by the summer's sun aud pinched by the winter1 Cold, an Instrument ordained to settle the wilderness." OnUiesu"Jenof bufialoes In Kentucky, Boone says: ''The buffaloes were more numerous than cattle In the settlements, browsing on tbe leaves of tbe cane or cropping the herbage on these extensive plains. We naw hundreds In a drove, and the numbers about the salt springs were amazing." At the time to which Boo te refers, and for some years afterwards. White river, which flows by the city of Indianspo is, was regarded by the Indians as a good stieam on which to catch beavers. The names of early pioneer settlers of the west Indicate that they, or their ancestors, were emigrants, chiefly from England, I re. and, Oermany, Scotland, France and Holland. From 18J0 to the present time about 9,700,01(1 emigrants from European nations bave arrived in the United State. It is said, and the statement may be true, that at the city of Chicago, a few weeks ago, on a Sabbain day, religious services were conducted in the different languages of the English, Germans, French.IlalinuB. Dutch.S wedes, Welsh, Norwegians and Spaniards. The names of towns in feurope have been given to tovrus founded by western pioneer settlers, and we have Londons. Liverpool?, Dubllns, Limericks, dinburghs, Ulasgows, Berlins, Vlennas, A muterdams, Parises, Homes, MartrMs, tienevas. Warsaws, Moscow, etc., etc And the names of early western sett ers, and the names of different kinds of animals, birds, fishes, trees and rocks, have been fixed upon townbhips,towns, erects, springs, lakes, hilis, valleys, plains and groves. There are many Eagle creeks. Turkey creeks. Duck creek. Pigeon creeks. Deer creeks. Wild Cat creeks. Raccoon creeks. Otter creesand LVaver creeks In 1783 Oeorgo Uogcr Clark, the conqueror of the British forces at Kasaaskia and at Vlncennes, made a long mid lonesome Journey, in a condition of poverty, from tbe west through the wi derness to Hlcbmot.d, Virginia. On his arrival at that place be addressed to Governor Benjamin Harrison a letter, of which the following is a copy. Tbe letter, probably, has never been printed: "RICHMOND, 21st May, 1783. "Sir Nothing but necessity could Induce ma io make ihe following requ-st to your excellency, which Is to gram me a Biua.1 sum of money on account; as 1 can assure you, sir, that I am exceedingly distressed fvr the want of necessary clothing, eta., and dont know of any channel th ougu which I could procure any exceptor the executive. The state, I believe, will fall considerably In my debt. Any supplies which your excellency favors me wl'h might be deducted out of my accounts. I have the honor to be yeur excellency's obedient servant, U. It. Clakk.. "Ills excellency, Governor II rrlson." In tbe summer of 1783 General Clark was dismissed from tbe service of Virginia. On tbis occa ion he received from Governor Harrison a letter which contains the following passage: ''Before I take leave of you I feet myself called upon In the most forcible manner to return you my thanks, and those of my conned, tor the very great and singular services you have rendered your country In wresting so great and valuable a territory out of tne han Is of the British enemy, rf (veiling the at-, tacks of their savage a. lies and carrying on a successful war in the heart of their coantry." 0 . Tbe legislation of the pioneer settlers of the territory of the United States north west of the river Ohio was generally wise; but In some Instances it was distinguished by i he enactment of laws which would not bt popular among children and servants of the pieaent times. Laws were enacted to prohibit gambling, drunkenness and Sabbath breaking; and In 1 x a law for the punishment of disobedient children and servauts was passed , in the words following: "If any children or servants shall, contrary to the obedience due to their parent or masters, reslstor refuse to obey their lawful commands, upon complaint thereof to a Jus Ice of tha peace. It shall be lawful for such Justics to send film or them sit oilending to jll or house of correction, there to remain until he or they shall humble themselves to their said parents' or masters' satisfaction. And if any child or servant shall, contrary to bis bounden duty, presume to assault or btrlke his parent or master, upon complaint and conviction thereof beiore two or more Justice of the pcao, tha offender shall bo whipped not exceeding ten btrles " .on the 20th of July. 1788, more than ninety yeais ago, at the mouth of tba Muskingum river, in the presence of a congregation composed of pioneer settlers, the He v. Dr. Brick preached the first aeriuon that w ever delivered by a Protestant minister or the Gospel before a cl vlllsed sudlauce In Ibo territory northwest of the Ohio river. On tho Al day of September, in the same year, at Marietta, the first session or the first court held In the territory under the authority the United Statu was onetied by prayer. Bv an act of oongress of 1801, an Immense