Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 27, Number 42, Indianapolis, Marion County, 5 June 1878 — Page 2

THE ETOIAA STATE SENTTXELi, WEDNESDAY MORNING, JUNE B, 1878.

WEDNESDAY, JUNE 5. HAYES POSTXASTEB CSEMERAL. The disgraceful exhibition which a perjury created president's pliant tool makes of himself by publishing an open letter to the people of the south is entirely in consonance with the degraded level the fraudulent postmaster general occupies in the estimation of all honorable men. From the day Key permitted Hayes to place upon his neck a cabinet dog collar he has been a pliant tool in the hands of the presidential fraud. A mercenary traitor to his own record and to the section he misrepresents, he was doubtless reported by the crime stained conspirators who placed Hayes in office as pur reusable, and that he would accept a jositnn under stipulations that hi pay would depend entirely upon bis capacity to play sneak and utter such jargon as would bs best calculated to obscure the infamous record of J. Madison Wells, his returning board associates and their confederate conspirators. Key has shown himself to be as degenerate as a carpet-bagger as renal as the most distinguished radical burglar under i rant, and as treacherous as a Modoc Without the courage to speak the truth in view of the fact that any exhibition of manhood would stop his pay, he plays the rule of a mendicant and consults his stomach and guts rather than his judgment and conscience. He prates of Hayes' title in advance of any attack upon the title of the presidential fraud, and exalts 'the action of the electoral commission and the Forty-fourth congress, as if truth and law, Instead of perjury and forgery, had been . the basis of that action. This dirty work is engaged in for pay. Key plays sneak that he may retain the position of Hayes' hound, and be fed upon such crumbs as fall from his master's table. It eo happens by the irrevocable decrees of heaven that it is always right to hunt down criinin als, unearth fraud, expose conspirators and vindicate the truth. Hayes is in office by virtue of crimes that ceaselessly cry to heaven, crimes that shock the foundations of republican institutions, crimes that blaken the American name, crimes that reversed the will of the American people, crimes that trampled upon the ballot-box, dethroned liberty, beat down sacred rights and disregarded constitutions and laws. To expos these crimes, to analyze them, to set them in order so that their damnable hideousners may be seen of men, is the purjose of the investigating committee, and it is against this patriotic work that D. M. Key comes forth, from his kennel to bark, that his dog meat rations may not be cut off. Key, in his devotion to the interests of his master, would continue his abject subserviency though it should be demonstrated with mathematical certainty that every step taken by Hayes from Ohio to the white house was upon forgeries as black as night and perjuries as blistering as were ever approved by the devil. The resolutions that passed the house of representatives creating an investigating committee leave Hayes' title out of the question. Its mission is to find out by what acts of infernal scoundrelism Hayes obtained the office he now digraces, and this work will go forward. This fellow Key has no more influence with the southern people than Benedict Arnold would . have had with . the continental congress after his treason was discovered. Tbe .-oath is too chivalrous to , be deleted from right and duty by a creature whose high hiiibition is satisfied with a position that subjects him to services; sa essentially abject as to merit universal execration., This poltroon assumes that he can IntimL date the American .people in their earnest desire t know how and by whout they were swindled out of their choice for president and vice president, by crying war. In this he exhibits . himself ait. the cabinet fooL The people propose from this time farword, that truth shall prevail,' that crime shall be more odious, that ' law shall ; be respected, and that their will, when expressed at the ballot-box, shall not be abused by such miscreants as Wells, Sherman, Noyes & Co. Xor will they change or modi, fy their purpose, though. Key, ahall write a thousand open letters in the interest of fraud. THE VALVE OF MEM XH BOXDSi In the early dawn of the second century of the existence of American independence the people are confronted , with problems that ought not to have been submitted for solution for a thousand years to come. With a territory capable of austrrinmg a population of at least ' four hundred millions; with : a climate unequal ed; with lands fabulously fertile, stretching for hundreds of miles untouched by the plow, with mines of gold and silver, iron, copper, lead and coal that defy estimate, America ought to be prosperous. Besides these benificent endowments, America boasts of a civilization that challenges comparison with the moat advanced nations of the earth, and the monuments of her progress are ever witbin sight to' the traveler from ocean, to ocean ar.d from lake to gulf. School house?, churches and asylums are eloquent of culture and Christianity, while jails and penitentiaries are evidences of wholesome laws administered for the welfare of eociety. Instead of 400,000,000 of population, 45,000,000 is tie accredited limit in 1878, and still with less than one-eighth of the pobulation the country is able to maintain, it is confronted with a condition of things so essentially at war with the elementary principles of political economy as to startle all thinking men with the gravity of the situation, and compels the conclusion that the fundamental principles upon which the government was reared have been criminally ignored for a series of yean. Taking a care ful survey of the present state of business and tracing e fleets t) causes, it is found that legislation has for fifteen years been eo shaped as to advance the value of bonds and depreciate the value of- men, and the more searching the Investigation the more clearly does it appear that a Shyluck policy has been so entrenched in the legislation of the country as to successfully antagonize Jehovah, and virtually abrogate His decree, and this state of things Las been in existence until bonds are above par. They are in demand every- ' where, while merj are 'Rot wanted at all, and have so depreciated in ' value thai a certain cl&a of statesmen axe even now anxious

to increase the army that it maybe prepared to kill such of them off during the summer as may irot consent to starve to death .without protest. The estimate has been made that at eighteen years of age a youth has actually cost $1,500. This estimate applies to the laboring class, the men born to toil. A Shylock boy costs more and is worth less, as a general proposition. We have said that the population of the country is now 43,000,000, of which one-halt, or 22,500,000, are males, and of these at least 8,000.000 are adult' sons of toil, able bodied, ready and willing to work. Admitting that one-half of the number are employed, we have 4.000,000 out of employment. If these 4.000,000 people cost at 18 years of age $1,500 to raise and fit them for employment, then we have an investment of $0,000,000,000 that is absolutely procuring no Income whatever; ou the contrary, it is idle, worse the 4,000.000 persons it represents are starving and dying. Now, then, we ask what is being done for these 4,000,000 of human beings, representing $6,000,000,000,to better their condition j help them to obtain food and clothing that they may aid in developing the resources of the country and tocarrv forward its entemrises? We answer nothing at all. On the contrary, legislation Is constantly depressing them, making the immediate future more gloomy and the grave problem of more difficult solution. While this is the case as to men how stands the account as to bonds, to keep them at par and above par, so that Shylocks may feel secure la their possessions? We ansA'er congress never tires in legislating for bonds. Let a Shylock growl and congress stands awe struck. Let it be reported that legislation in favor of labor will jeopardize the Talue of bonds and John Sherman will protest and all the Shylock organs will chime in, and the beneficent policy of doing- something by which 4,000,000 of men may better their condition is scotched, and another , turn is given to the contraction screw, and deeper groans are extorted from men who plead for , work and wages, clothes and shelter. It has come to this at last, that bonds are regarded of more value than laboring men and their wives and children , who are dependent upon them. We ara eternally bearing about syndicates, capitalists, interest, gold, etc., but only at long intervals does any one raise his voice in favor of a policy that may arrest contraction, give the people more money, stop the shrinkage of values and give labor employment, and when such measures are introduced into congress they are subjected to such opposition as frequently can not be overcome, and the terrible work of idleness and starvation goes forward. This state of affairs is strange indeed in view of the fjet that these 4,000,000 idle laborers would earn, if their value to the country was so much appreciated as to influence the financial policy of the country, at least $1 per day, or $1,200,000,000 annually, and-this amount would be expended for the necessaries of life. Set the people to work and the cry of bard times and overproduction will be hushed. Before the curse of contraction was forced upon the county men were at work, and the blessings of prosperity and contsntment were everywhere obs?rved. The time has come when it must be understood that a man who is willing to work is equal in value to a bond in the hands of Rothschild or a syndicate, and when this great truth is recognized wc may hope for an era of prosperity.

Kvlaently there are signs of the times that point to Grant as a candidate for the presidency., in 1SS0. Against thin Blaine is already kicking, and ha is anxious to retire Grant on a pension , so that he maybefurther removed from the path of his (Blaine's) aspirations. But it is hardly supposable that the people want Grant again as president. ' "The people," says the Brooklyn Eagle, "have already done more for Grant 'than they ever did for anybody else, and bis 'size and services in history are sure to 'decrease rather than increase In appearance ' that Is they are sure to attain to their real kvalue, which will.be conspicuously less than 'that claimed for them. The people gave 'him absolute power and a aide Ham-he on 'their men and money ss general, with no 'questions asked. They accepted it as a 'necessity that be should be magnified by the 'actual victimization of several abler soldiers 'and better men. The people then twice 'elected htm president and merely treated 'as an infirmity, not as an iniquity, his .'patent wish to be elected a third 'time. The two administration of which 'he was the heal vulgarized our 'methods, lowered her reputation, enlarged 'and gangrened our civil service, created a 'aeries or congeries of rings, the most corrupt in our history, made the constitution of no account, kept up disunion twice as long as the rebellion, which had been put down, was 'able to do of itself, and by a policy made up of ahoddyism, quackery, hate, interference and corruption very nearly ruined the 'country.. At the hist, that administration 'continued in power the party which elected 'it, and whicb the people had defeated, by 'turning the government itself into a conspiracy against the whole people and the 'army into a strangling machine against three 'states. Grit and lack "brought great fame as 'a soldier to Grant. As a soldier he conduct Hue management of the war settlements 'wisely and with more elevation of spirit 'than he ever showed again. As a ruler he 'was more than a failure; he was an Injury 'to his country, bosoming the bulwark and 'occasion of infinitely corrupt rings and bar'haroas policies and leaving the tpiwn of 'fraud as a legacy over all." "With such a record, and the picture is not overdrawn, it is hardly probable that the rtdical party will again place Grant before the country for any ofttoe, and there are a number of radical statesmen who believe he has been sufficiently rewarded, without giving him another opportunity to accept bribes for official favors. The hotels are thronged with delegates to the democratic stats convention which iee.s at ashville, Tenn., to-morrow, to nominate five candidates for the supreme bench! In point of numbsrs and intellect It is the most notable convention held in the state for years. There are fifteen for nomination, five of whom are members of the present court The situation is too unsettled at present for speculation M to the result.

MILLERS' ASSOCIATION.

First Day's Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Convention of the Millers' National Association. Address by the President Words of Walcuma br the Mayor Election of Officers and Delegates, Etc. From Wednesday's Daily Bentinel.l The fifth annual convention of the national millers' association met yesterday morning at 10:30 in the board of trade hall. Three hundred delegates were in attendance at the morning session.and as delegates from distant sta'es were arriving all day yesterday the attendance at the afternoon session reached fully five hundred. Quite a number of the prominent citizens of Indianapolis were present to welcome the association, among the number being Governor Williams, ex-Governor Hendricks, Mayor Caveo, General R. 8, Foster and others. The convention was called to order by I). A. Richardson, of this city, who introduced Mayor Caven to welcome the delegates to the city. The mayor spoke briefly of the immense interests represented by tnese meetings, and said tbat these gatherings must necessarily result in much good, not only to the millers themselves, but to the general public liEewise. The mayor then welcomed the delegates to the city, and expressed a wish that the sessions of the association would be profitable, and that the delegates would so enjoy their visit as to make them wish to repeat their visit. THK PEESIDENT'S ADDKKS. Hon. Georec Bain, of St. Louis, president of, the national association, responded o the mayor's welcome, and faid that from the complete arrangements that had been effected he judged tbat the choice of In iianapolis would prove a happy one. Mr. Bain tben gave his address, which was as follows: Uentlemen inisistne nitn time mat the millers of the UnPed state have met in annual conventlou, and I must congratulate you on the growing- interest that bus been manifested Irom year to year In our national association. Since the organization in June, 1873, through its first and second meetings In Kt. Louis in 1ST 4-5, its subsequent meetings In Milwaukee In 187(J, and in buffalo Inst year, we have gone on gaining strength till to-day we number more members than any other manufacturing association In the United States. It must be exceedingly gratifying to Messrs. Barnes, Trow, Merrill and the other gentlemen I fee before me who latd the foundation In Toledo in June, 173, tos-ewhat a gmntit has grown to be In Ave short year, and to know that to their exertions then, and since, supplemented as they have been by the constant UtHir of Alex il. Smith, Beamans,IIayes, Law Ion. Sparks, Heybt, Roberts, .-"ei-rlii, Ilalliuay, Little, and fifty other gntlemen I might name, thai the millers of the United States are indebted for all the good this association bus accomplished an amount of good . scarcely calculable, and yet unappreciated by overonetenthof the miller ot the country. The attendance here to-day (nearly double what we have had at any previous convention) convinces me thut the labors ol the founders of this association are being appreciated, ant that soon It will (if It does not already) realize in numbers and Influence their most ardent expectations. I do not Intend to inflict on you us long a speech as ldl l at Buffalo, but some if the matters touc'ied U)on then, I must again brinar to vour attention, and some new sugKei'lunsI Intend to make for the good of the craii, i wiu ma&e m us vuueie iwiu impossible. During tbe past year a great deal has been done by this association, the particulars of which will appear in the reports of the committees (executive. patent, etc.), and I will not trespass upon your time nor attempt to nnti- j clpate the reports oi uiese commuiees oy enumerating them. STATE OUT. ANIMATIONS. Hlnc our h.si, meeting state associations havo leen formed in Indiana, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia and Nebraska, aud the membership of the older state associations has leeu largely increased, the Wisconsin association having almost reached perfect lou, including as it does nearly every first eUss mill In that state, its success being lamely due to the Indomitable nod untiring enervy of their see-' retary, 8. H. Heatnaus, Ksq., of Milwaukee. In some states, however, the associations are not progressing In membership as fist as they ouicht to do, many of the old conconervatlve millers Imagining that the associations are formed princtjany for the defense of their members from purifier suits, aud as they have never used purifiers they do not see the necessity of contributing for the defense of those who do; but gradually an they are brought In contact from time to time with their more progressive brethren and learu the full aims ot the millers' organizations, they are falling Into line, and keeping step to the music of the age. Home, however, who are using purifiers, and who through the mill rs Journals and otherwise, reap nearly all the benefits that accrue to meraliershlp, arguing that we are bound to defend them In any event, because a Judgment against tbem would, if taken as a precedent, oirate detrimentally to every one of our members; therefore they see no necessity for contributing their honest share, because the lew dollars thus saved puts them that far ahead of millers who have joined aod contributed. It has lecn my gsd fortune during the past year (as I hope It has been of many of you) to express to several of these gentlemen (? Ood save the mark) in less polite than forcible language my appreciation of their conduct; and 1 can assure you it gave me a great deal of satisfaction to be able to express to them my views of "honesty" aud "decency," two qualities they seem to lack in an eminent degree. 1 sincerely hope that in the near future some occasion wlil arise for an honest claim being made against millers which our association can settle cheaply for Its members, and then I should like to see poetic Justice meted out to these gentlemen who have stood nloof so long Justice suftirlent to test the depth and bread til of their purses, and force them to acKnowledge the truth of the old saying "Honest j- Is the best policy." In the matter of TBANSI-ORTATI0N . weof Sti ixmis ant ine country airectly west of us, and indeed so far as I can learn from the entire northwest, have had little to cm plain of the past year In regard to rates of freight. Thev have, in mv opinion, loen lower, If anything, than the railroad, with their expensive corps of "line" agents in a very city, could afford to make them and do Justiee to their stockholders, and It Is a great mistake to imagine, as a great many people do, that competition among themselves led to these low rates. The fact is that the deepening of the mouth of the Mississippi river diverted an Immense amount of grain In that direction, and would have diverted much more hud not the railroads "cut" rates to a point that, coin wted With the river rate. To show In a small degree what the Mississippi improvement has accomplished in transportation, I shall Intlict upon you a few stat 1st tes. In the mouths ot October, November and December last, there was aclpped from 8t. Louis for export via. w Orleans 2,21i,45 bushels of grain, and during the year 1S77, 4,101,3:3 bushels, consisting of JvjI.IS! bushelMor Wheat, -3,478,057 bushels of corn, and 17l,M bushels of rye. If we compare this wirh former years some idea can lie hud of how fast the business Is growing. In 170 the grain association of St. Louis to prove that the "humidity of the Oulf stream" theory in regard to Its effects on grain was nonsensical, exorled tmjMO bushels of wheat via New Orleans; that was all that went from that city that year abroad. Inl871,3,0lW buKhels ot oats and ;mu,itOO bushels of Corn were exported; the next three years exports average nbout a million and a half bushels per year, but In 175 shipment fell off to bushels. In 1S7, with the "Jetties" talked, written about and commenced, exjortM mainly corn rail up to over a million and three-quarters. Compare these figures with those of this year take into calculation the fact that our river was low; that there was an aiisufttcieucy of tonnage on the river; that government work on the rupius of the upper Mississippi militated against shipments from that section: that there waa no bulk, tonnage at all on the Missouri river; that the figures given do not include shipment from Cairo, w Madrid, uor other large shipping points on the Mississippi ielow Ht. luii, nor from the Ohio river nud its tributaries; that the corn crop last year was late in maturing, and still later from'lack of freezing weather, to be iu a condition to ship; that ocean freight room at 2iew Orleans was not in suiuclent supply, the extent of the business to be done there in grain being far beyond the expectations of ship' owners, a complaint which is being remedied dally; that every day is deepening the channel between the Jetties, and thereby enabling larger ships to seek New Orleans for cargoes; that tine "humidity" humbug deterred many dealers from operating by

that route a theory that Is being exploded with every cargo that now reaches Oreat Britain or tb continent; that tow t oats and barges are belDg rapidly built to ply on, the Missouri. Mississippi, and Ohio rivers and .their tributaries; that corn is being carried 'from 8U Louis to JVew Orleans for Ave cents per bushel, and can le doue for less when the facilities now tinder way are completed, as imaiixt 9 si 100 cents by lake ami canal from Chicsgo to New York, ns they averaged last year (the average for eight years, 1870 77, was 14 4o 100 cents); that transler charges In New Orleans are lower than they are in New York; that ocean freights ought to is little or any hither from New Orleaus toan 1 hey are from New York, because the cotton cargo "betwf en decks'' can and does pay a comparatively higher rate than the bulk grain In the hold; an-1 that the southern nod western states prtduced in l7t '(the latest year of which I have been able to procure the statistics of. the United Btates auricult ttral deptrt ment) out of a corn crop of 1.1,8271)0 bushels, 1,1'J5,100 bushels, and of wheat the western states alone produced l7.,0U0 bushels, the Pacific states and territories :tK,&25,0.0 bushels, and the New England, Middle and Houthern states combined only 83,Jl,5oo bushels. Take all these matters into consideration, gentlemen, and you can then form some Idea of the immense factor the "Mississippi river route" will le in the tiuu-e of transportation in this country. We must look for low rates to prevail hereafter, tho railroads will be lorced to concede them, even If they have to dispense with the high priced talent they find so necessary now, and also dispense with the "color lines' wltn their armies of managers, agents, clerks, and other employes. I don't know that I ought to have gone into this to the extent I have, but "transportation" Is one of the subjects intimately connected with our organization, and the cheapness and the "whys and wherefores" thereof are matters for our serious consideration. INSURANCE. At the last convention a committee was appointed to take the necessary stejs to convert the Kidelitv Insurance company of Chicago into "The MllL-rs' National Mutual fire insurranee company of America," which was done very shortly afterwards. "The Millers' Own' of Iowa 1ms steadily progressed during the year, and the Illinois millers have organ lied a mutual company to take rtsas only In that slate, which, though organized for some time, has been fortunate enough not to experience a single loss. Your committee on Insurance have, I learn, prepared a lengthy and exiiaut--ttve report on this subject, aud will prove that the rates we have been paying in the past have been double what they ouhttobe. My only fear is that the millers'' companies will get careless after b while, and by accepting poor risks, make tlieir losses avernge what tbe board of underwriters charge us. Let us urge them tocontinue the r gid tcrutlny they have practed the past three eais. GRAOINO AND INSPECTION. Although the chairman of your committee on this subject made strenuous exertions the past year tosecu ea meeting of thedillerent boanls of flour insjiectors and flour committees of the different mercantile bodies in cities where flour is lnsected, he was unsuccessful. You can readily understand why the Inspectors of New York. Boston, Baltimore, and other seaboard and exiorting cities, should not care to faster a unilorm system of grades, reducing their fees and profits as it would necessarily do.and Hrco, uires no dep reasoning to fathom the motives of the Hour btokers and dealers in the large cities in their opposition to grading the flour according to its merits; but as I lie expense has to be paid by us, as we desire to have competent judges stand between seller and buyer, and as the adoption of a uniform system would do away largely with the middle man, and thereby enhance our profits (which from all the information I can get requires few figures to express the total of last year's milling), and as tbe matter lays largely in our own hands, I trust before we

adjourn that some plin M ill be formed to carry out our wishes. THK ItEPOBT OV YoCK COMMITTK1-. ON PATENTS will necessarily enaross a large share of your attention. As all of you are aware, very shortly alter the meetlug at Butlalo the American middlings purifier company app ied for an injunction to prevent Messrs. J. A.Christian Jt Co., of Minneapolis, from using purifiers in their mill, and these gentlemen, depending on the justice of their iKisition, and iguoring the legal chicanery in vol ved In tho case, got worsted, and haa to give a bond of S2.ti),w0. Embolden d by their success In Minneapolis, they next attacked five (St. Louis milling firms, but they, profiting by experience gained in the Minnesota case, and with the assistance of the attorneys for the state associations of Missouri, Wisconsin, New York and Minnesota, and of li.'orgo Harding, Kq.. of Philadelphia, the attorney retained by the iatent committee of theuatiouat association, were successful in getting the Uuited States court of St. Louis to refusi mi Injunction and order the casi-s to be tried on their merits. The cases against J. A. Christlau x Co., of Minneapolis and of the Atlantic millittgcompany.of It. Louis, having lecn se.ected as test ceses, evidence before a commissione r is being taken, and It is hoed by the next session of the United States circuit court that a decision will bo rendered; and without going Into details lor the reasons therefor, or explaining the testimony taken and to be t ken. It Is ouly necessary, I think, to state that our attorneys are unanimously ot tne opinion that such decision will be against the validity of the Cochran patents. When the case Is finally disposed of, each memlier of this body will be furnished with a printed copy ot the history of the case, of the testimony taken in tne case, including ihe decision of the supreme court on our application to annul the decree in the Deener, Cii-sell nod Welch ease on the ground of collusion between the plaintiff and defendants, in which Ave gained a substantial victory, ns although our letition was denied, the con it substantially decided that there wa ground for leaving the decision tostand simply for that case, aud that It could not be used as a precedent In making future requests for Injunctions. This put a sudden stop to the oterations of the Cochrane ring, and although they have applied since for an injunction In New York, Aiming Mr. Hardlug ready and willing to proceed, they have not pressed the matter and no action has been had. in the Booth cases two decisions have been had, one at Springfield, Illinois, where our late colleague, Martin Hlckox, (whose death leavesa void in our ranks thut will be hard loflll), gained a victory, and again In the Uuited tstatesciurt at St. Louts, where the patent was declared invalid. - Last winter a meeting was held In Chicago of railway ronianies, manufacturers, and others interesteu in the patent laws, which was attended by a part of your committee, and a bill matured, which Is now before congress, and which will undoubtedly be passed before adjournment. While It does not give us ihe full relief it ought to, it is a great improvement on the present law. In the iM-iichfleld case, whlle the Mlcnlttaq association, I believe, came to the conclusion that the patent was a valid one, end settled with the patentees, some evidence has since been - developed In New York that throws giave doubts on Its validity, and our attorneys are now engaged in probing It to the lottoin. Till their opinion has been obtained I should ud vise our members to avoid compromising; nothing can be lcst by delay, and as In I he case of Booth.where I In common with many others submitted to being Imposed upon in preference to becoming defendants in a law suit everything may Ih gained. In past conventions It haleeii difficult to get any lengthy reoort from the committee ou MILLING AND IMl'KOVKD METHODS although I have aimed to select for niemliers of that committee gentlemen whose brands of flour have gained enviable reputations amongst consumers. Whether It is from a dislike to uncover processes which they deem peculiarly their own, and from which they exjnjct to make a fortune before their lei-s fortunate brethren have found out their secrets; or whether from innate modesty, a disease from which most successful millers sutler, I can not tell, but they are either absent from the conventions or neglect to make a report. I have pursued 1he -usual course this year, and 1 warn the makers of "White Foam." "Jack Frost" and the owners of the other superlative brands that If they don't give us a natis acory report this year, something toat will lead to discussion and thereby to Improvement, I wtll use my Influence with my tucctHor next year to ignore them altogether. (seriously, tltere is much to be learned by all of us In thescienceof milling, and by exchanging of views and experiences at gatherings of this kind, I doubt It any of us do not in the end learn much more than we teach. If the number of patents issned is any criterion, there have been very mauy improvements the past year in MILL MACHINERY. The millers of the United states are still without any fixed plan for deciding between valuable nud worthless inventions. They have either to depend on the recommendations of other millers, or the promises and representations of the vendors of the martilDt'8, as to the benefits to be derived from their use. Now-a-days certificates from millers carry very little weight Indeed; recommendations are so easily obtained as to the great value of this or that machine, which on trial proves useless, that comes to them loaded down with recommendations and endorsements-of Its extraordinary powers. - From personal experience I can testify that I have lost more money by putting la machinery that had the endorsement of scores of firstclass millers. than I would have made had they turned ' out to be ou tuey were re presenteu. it sirut.es me vuai u

we would resolve, ns a body, never to recommend anything that we had not thoroughly tested for at least six months or a year, we would save ourselvei many uncomfortable reflections, for It is not pleasant to nud amongst your mail a 1-jtt-r from a fellow member, with whom you tnd pent pleasant days at the gatherings of the national association, telling yon that he was Induced to purchase a patent decorticator, solely upon the reputation you had given It In a U tter the agent for the machine had shown htm, and asking you to tell him how to overcome certain defects that rendered the article worse than useless, and to le compelled fo acknowledge that yon had kicked the machine out of your mill months, if not years liefore, and that the aforesaid certificate had been obtained liefore you bad ut-ed it a week. I see in the milling Journals every week recommendation on recommendation from p'cmlnent millers for machines which they lrnd discarded months ago. The most expensive thing in milling is thU experimenting with new machinery, and although the miller is dead who was talked into lielieving that the us- of a certain patent grate bar would save him 1 Iper cent. In fuel, a patent cut ofTiO per cent, a patent damper that saved 0 percent, moie, and a governor that might save 30 would surely save 2i, and which was guaranteed to save 0, which, footed up, would enable him to make a saving in fuel of a hundred and ten per cent.; yet thera are many millers whoallow themselves to be talked Into experiments on insertions almost equally absird. I can see no better way out of the dinlculty than that I suggested last year, namely: Our committee on mill machinery should designate certain millers In different sections e-f the country (for what might be valuible iu treating the soft winter wheat of Michigan might be totally useless when employed on the hard wheats of Minnesota) to test each new latent as it was btought out, anl knowing that their verdict was depended on by their brethren, ou honor, would be exceedingly careful in recommending anything that lacked merit. This course would not only save thousands of dollar and weeks or time to the fraternity, but wouid also benentthe inventor, whose tooi, process or device possessed intrinsic value, and who liasnow to spend the whole of his profits and y ars of time in introducing I trust your committee has given this branch of our business the thought and attention it deserves, and before this gathering disperses that some plan will be matured to simplify the present expensive mode of trying new machinery. Meantime let n o urge upon my brother millers, particularly those whose standing and position entitle their endorsement to the confidence of smaller millers, little able, perhaps, to Invest In something that is vet simply an experi ment, to be a uttle more chary of the promiscuous ue of their names Very pleasant doubtless it Is to see your names iu large type In Uie Millers' Journals, week alter week, and' in the circulars with which the country is flooded, but lr you will reflect for a moment that you have yoursbare of it to pay, you will bo more conservative in granting the use of your names. More has been done since we last met In systematizing the value of different varieties of GRAIN FOR M FIXING, than in all previous years in thts country, and yet we are still far behind the English aud continental millers in utilizing the chemistry of wheat and flour. The Michigan association has been foremost in giving this subject the attention it deserves, and their memo -r are already reaping a reward for their action. Every description or variety of wheat grown in this country ought to be analyzed, and its constituent elements known to every miller in the land, the cult! vat lou of the poorest , kinds discouraged, and of tbe better varieties recommended. This is a matter so entirely in the hands of th- millers that they will have only themselves to blame If their flours are driven from markets they now control by those from other sections where others are alive to the fact that the better wheat they use the better flour they will make, and who take pains to suprI the tanners of their neighborhood with seed from Virieties that by analysis prove themselves most rich In the Ingredients of good bread. 1 must now allude to a very unpleasant matter, one that I would rather avoid, as it reflects on so many of th-i millers and flour dealers ef the whole country. The practice of counterfeiting It RAN OS AND TRADE-MARKS has become such a glgantio evil, thut some steps must be taken by us as a body to put a stop to it. Almost all of the states have laws on the subject, but it is so difficult and expensive to prosecute Infractions of them that they might as well never have been enacted. . It is rather a costly thiDg for a Missouri miller, for example, to pr secute some small dealer In some r it of th way place In the state of Maine, lor counterfeiting or imitating a brand that has cost him years of labor and thousands of dollars to establish, and most men shrink from attempting it. 'lhat by concerted action a stop can be put, to it I have no doubt, and as the members of yourcommittee have suffered, perh ps, as mucii, If not more, from this pernicious practice than any of the rest of us, I feel sure they have devised some feasible plan, and they are entitled to the thorough support of this association iu carrying that plan out. In this connection it has occurred tome that some enterprising publisher could let up a "Book of Brands," that would pay him well, a, if any larger number of millers would give it their support, they would gladly pay for inserting a "fac-simile" of their principal brands, sufficient to pay lor the getting up of the book, and nearly every miller In the country would sul)cribe for a copy of it. It should be prlnti-d in colors, and as there are generally only four colors used iu branding (black, blue, red and green), it ought rot to be very tostly. 1 would advise some of these milling journal gentlemen I see before me to promptly take advantage of this suggestion, as It will be a year before they will find so many millers together again. And speaking of milling journals, it is really wonder l ul how mauy of them have sprung into existence the past four years. I can name eight of them printed in the United States: there are two in EDgland, and I do not know how many on the continent. I read ail of those published in this country, and they are all good, and x believe it would pay every member of this association to subscribe for every one of t.'iem. One little Item may be of such imiortnce to you. some little hint may crystallite somo latent idea that has been running loos in your mina for months, the putting in effect of w hich, for one day, makes or saves you enough to pay for your subscription to all of them for years. I never read a copy of the Miller (London), that I don't learn something that Is worth five years' subscription to it 1 might say the same thing of nearly all our home milling publications but all of you take one or more of them, and know aliout them, isome of yon gentlemen may not have seen the English publication to which I refer, but those who do take it will advise you to suliscribe for it. Not ouly must we subscribe for these pajM-rs, but we piust write for them, giving them the result of our experiences and experiments, and when in doubt ask some brother miller, through them, to come to our Teliof. MILLS RS SCHOOL OR COLLEGE. Some little merriment was occasioned lastyear by two New York pajers criticising and ridiculing th-5 matter Inaugurated at our last convention looking to tbe establishment of a millers college. Their action ws really beneficial in that it called public attention to the subject, und to the fact that In Germany a very ucoessTul technical milling department was attached to one of their largest colleges. Your committee I know have some valuable suggistlons 1 1 make on this subject. 1 Jet ore closing I must refer to the terrible disaster that occurred lately In the EXPLOSIONS AT MINN EAPO LIS, resulting as they did In the loss or so many lives uud tho destruction of so much valuable property. Th United States have been cotnparatlvely free from flur mill explosions, though Uity have been quite common abroad, and the theory telegraphed broadcast over the country that the accident in Minnesota was the result of tint new process ot manufacturing flour by purifying middlings, Is absurd. The explosion of the Muir mills in Glasgow several years ago was as destructive in its way as that at Minneapolis, and there was not a purifier Within its Malls. Pror. Macadam,.in England, aome three years ago wrote a pamphlet out his subject, extracts from which can be found in the Miller 1'or October, 175. Several essays have also leen written In tJermany on this subject, and the conclusions readied from numberless experiments ar that the fine flour dust with which the air gets charged in grinding wheat is highly Inflammable und explosive when brought In contact with a flame or spark In rooms not thoroughly ventilated. Aflame can be communicated by the us of an uncovpfed light, "but the more common way," as lr. Macadam puts It, "is the feed going on tne stones during work. The feed may go off from want of grain In th hopper. A spider's web actually stopped the feed in one case, and led to a violent explosion in an Knglish ilo-ar mill." The sad experience of our frieuds in Minneapolis should teach us to use more care in the use of lights in our mills, to Impress upon our grinders the dangers to be apprehended from carelessness in not keeping the stones fed, above all to thoroughly ventilate all rooms in which there is any chance for the nlr to become surcl arged with flour dust, and to remove as far as possible from the chance of flame or Bjiark the rooms to which are conveyed the ilust from wheat or flour. The mill! ng papers will now doubtless pubUsn all that has been printed abroad, and the results of t le experiments made there, and we mnst a'l carefully read and profit by them. . Inclosing, gentlemen, let dm thank you in

advance for the harmonious manner in which, yoo. propose to conduct your deliberations, and ask you' to bear with and assist me in presiding over this yoar fifth annual convention. After the president's address. Governor Williams was introduced by Mr. Bain, and. Slid' Gentlemen 1 am pleased to see so many here to day engaged iu this noble work t r preiwrlng flour to make bread for the millions. I am glad to know you are t-klng so much interest in that matter. I have Ieen in a small way engaged in milling myself, and I know the troubles you sometimes labor under, particularly when you bave a tailing market. There is not then much profit to yourselves, I suppo-:e; neither ha the producermuch profit at that time. I have bad some experience in that myself. I have found it difficult to make much profit in raising grain when we havo such a falling market. I ara glad to meet so many of you, and hope you will have a very pleasant time. The president then introduced ex-Governor Hendricks, who spoke as follows: Gentlemen I flattered myself very moch. when I learned I was to be n:ade one of tho committee to welcome you to Indianapolis. I do not propose to add to the remarks of our mayor, but I am glad to express my personal regards for this honor you have done us. I hope this meat I n g will be ail that you desire, and that your delibeiations will be productive; of much benefit to each other, and useful and ennobling in the cajacity yon have so noblv undertaken to fill, aud I can not doubt bat that it will be such to you. Mr. Smith moved that II. II. Emery be requested to act a1 assistant secretary of the association. Carried. The retort j of the secretary and treasurer were deferred to the executive committee for auditing and reporting at a future meeting. lieports were called for from committees on state organization, on insurance and on patent right. These committees asked, and were granted further time. A committee was called for to elect officers for the ensuing year. Such a committee, consisting of five, was selected by the president. The names of the committee are Merrill, Sparks, Gibson, Seamans and Christian. A report of the committee on gradir' and inspection was next called for. Mr. Alex. II. Smith, although not chairman of

Pthis committee, submitted a reporr. The principle question on this subject is "How can a uniform system of grading and inspection, applicable to the leading distinctive grades of flour be adopted ?'' Objections to stamping goods with the time grade, and therefore relative value, were eneounten-d in the east, but overcome In 8t. Louis, when the present satisfactory system was put in operation last season and since has been adopted by Chicago The committee think the sources of supply ma.-it furnish the types and designa tion thereof on flour as heretofore on grain, which have been adopted in the east. The millers know what their flours are made of and how they ara made, and can designate and maintain a simple and fair system of grading nd inspection better than anybody else. The committee therefore recommended 1. A commit t of three to su?sest such rules, grades and system ns will prscticilly coverthe spring wheat product-. 2. A like committee to do the same for the product of the soft varieties of winter wheat. 3. A like committee for the same purpose, applicable to the products of hard wiuter varieties. These three committees to compose the committee on grading and inspection, and to reIortto the convention at this meeting I? possible. After a general discussion Mr. Hayes, of Michigan, suggested the difficulty that would be experienced from the railroads in securing the classification sought to be established. He said the carriers would object to making a division of a train loaded with all grades upon its arrival at destination. The report was, however, adopted. Reports from other committees were called for. but met with iittle response. The president stated that owing to the members of the different committees hsving only arrived tbat morning, and having had no opportunity for consultation, his suggestion that the convention adjourn until 2 p. m. was made a motion and carried. The convention adjourned until 2 p.m. SECOND DAY'S PROCEEDINGS. Interesting Papers Read-A Most Important Session What the Flour Makers are Doing To-day's Excursion. The second day's proceedings of the association began at 11 o'clock yesterday morning. Some necesjary delay was caused by the iiieetuifrof the executive committee, and finally the president wai obliged to proceed without tbem. He read a dispatch from George II. Morgan, secretary of the merchants' exchange at St Louis, announcing a fall of five or Biz cents per bushel in wheat, tick. A committee was appointed upon the following motion, by Mr. Seybt, of Illinois: Resolved, That a committee be appointed, cousistingof one member from each state, who shall investigate the receipts and exjiendi-' turesof the treasury of our national asocta. tl.lK U-I.k bh. II .,-W.t.. ll.1TAUTl....tl... n a formal report, and that each secretary of the aiuereni, suite associations sua:i receive as many copies of this report as he may require, to satisfactorily acquaint all the members of this organization with the amount and nature of the money transactions of the national treasury. investigating the treasury. The following gentlemen compose the committee: Thompson, of Indiana; Hammond, Iowa; Kelder, Illinois; Dettar, Missouri; Baldwin, Ohio; Keifer, Kentucky; Hind, Virginia; lVttlt, Minnesota: Hotchkiss. Wisconsin; Jenkins, New York: Clark, Nebraska; tioodnow, Kansas; liayden, Michigan; Norris, Maryland. milling and improved methods. The following paper on milling and improved methods, prepared by Homer Baldwin, of Youngstown, Ohio, was presented by Fred Woodward, Staunton, Illinois: Yocngstowx, 0., May 2S, 1878. Mr. Oeorjce Bain. President of the Millers' National Association : DearSir In response to myappointment by you on the committee on "improved method of milling," I respectfully submit the following ns my report: I would recommend a system of gradual reduction and thoronsh puri licit ioif, using the) following process: Kina, free your wheat of all impurities by means of separators, cockle machines, etc., jhen gently brushing or polishing it. thus completing the first step in purification. For reduction use stone four feet in dUmeter, faced ' ami furrowed wit Ix in emery wheel and' made as st might, true and smooth as skill can make them. They should have a much; greater furrow snfface than face, be as perfectly balanced and as well trimmed as can be done, oh tun the bet driving irons that can be obtained, fcpare no pains whatever to make your stones as near perfect as possible. You aie now ready for gradual reduction, run from stone slow, grind high, !xlt well, and you have completed the first step in gradual reduction; thoroughly purify your middlings, uxiug good purifiers and plenty of them, regrind vour purl (led middlings, bolt ont the flour thus obtained, repuriry the remainder, then regrind and repuriry until you have reduced the middlings to hour and feed. Having used smooth stone and ground high, you can not complete the thorough purification of your middlings without the use of rolls, iron or porcelain. I prefer iron rolls. After having carried the purification as far as you can do with the purifiers, you pass the large middlings, Inlerm x.:dwith the gerin.tliroiigti a set of rohs, reducing tbe middlings and flattening the germ, thus enabling you to complete the separation and purification. Next purify the bran and grind it, bolt out the flour, which will be a low grade, and you have the system of gradual reduction aud tlioroiili purification, and as a result you have a high, grade of wheat flour, a high gradeof middling Hour and as high a grade of brsn flour as can be made by cleaning the bran, and you have the grades all separate, and can then nuiko any mixture of the grades you desire. The whatnour and the middliugs flour mixed make the (centime ulralght new pro flour. lielieving that heating tbe wheat and elhrhtly crushing before going to ihe stone is another important step In gradual reduction, I intend to give It a trial, exectlng to adopt it. but until 1 have the experience will only say I think: that should be adopted and made a part of the system of gradual reduction, which I tielievfl to be the best evstem yet adopted with whlcU I am acquainted., llespectfully yours, - lloaKK BALDWIN. brands And trade marks. Mr. Isaac Jenkins, of Oswego, N..Y., pre tented a report from the committee on