Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 24, Number 22, Indianapolis, Marion County, 5 January 1875 — Page 2

THE INDIANA STATE SENTINEL TUESDAY. JANUARY 5. 1875.

A CHRISTMAS HTMN. J. BUCHA! A! BE A DE. The air was ntlll o'er Bethlehem's plain. Aa H the great Night held Its breath. When life eternal came to reign Over a world of Death. The pagan at tala rxudnlRht board Let fall his brimming eop of gold; U Ml the presence ol bis Lord Before bla birth wan told. The temples trembled in their bae. 1 be Idols buddered as in pain ; A prVeatbood in its power of place Knelt to it sods in vain. All nature felt a thrill divine When boret that meteor on the night, Which, pointing to the Savior's shrine, Proclaimed the new born light Light to the shepherds! and the star . Onlded their silent midnight fold LUbt to the wise men iromtfar, Bearing their gifts of gold Llght'to a realm of sin and grief Ll&bt to a world in all Its need The lUht of life a new belief iUning o'er fallen creeds L?fht on a tangled path of thorns, Thongh luadins o a martyr's throne A light to guide till Clirlht returns In glory to Ills own. There still It shines, while far abroad The ChrLstmas choir sings now, an then, " Olory, g ory unto Ori ! Peace and good will to men ! THE SILKNTPRESECK. Unheard, thedew aronnd me fill. And heavnly inlluenreslied; And, silent od this earthly ball, Celehilal footsteps tread. .Night reigns In silence o'er the pol And -preads her gem unheard; Ut lessons penetrate trie soul. Yet borrow not a word. Nolselesithesiin emit It fire, And pour hli golden streams ; And silently the shades retire Before hi miug beam. Ob I grant my soul an ear to bear Thy deep and silent voice; To bend in lowly filial fear. And in thy love rejoice. NEWS AND GOSSIP. In London 17 Infants are "accidentally suffocated" in a week. Two thousand dollars were recently paid In London for a cup of coffee. It was a painting by a distinguished arliat. Got. Took, of Vermont, has decided to call an extra session of the legislature to provide means for rebuilding the State Reform School. Dublki has established permanent classes for drawing from the living model. Qualified students will be permitted to study in these without charge. Another veteran of 1S12 Is Capt. John Griffin, of Culpeper county, Va., who, at the age of 82, "can jump and crack his heels twice before touching the ground." Here is another watcb, quite a matoh for Lafayette's. It was lound in the street in Paris an enormous go'd watch, with this Inscription: "This watch belonged to King Louis XVI, and was given by him to the Abbe Edgeworth in the vehicle on the way to the guillotine." By a calculation just made, writes a Washington correspondent, it is ascertained that 23,500,000 gallons of Potomac water are used every 24 hours in the District of Columbia. This Is accounted tor by the lact that congressmen wash their dirty linen in the waters of the Potomac. The most successful tobacco raiser in Grayson county, Ky., is a woman. One day last spring she dug six pounds of ginseng worth 1 a pound, killed two rattlesnakes, and then went home and gave birth to twins. She is reputed to be the best squirrel hunter in the county. One of the dressmaker's children had scarlet fever, and when she sent home the dress ahe was mending two children in the family of the owner of the dress were taken and both died; and that is one of the thousand ways in which scarlet fever, measles, smallpox, etc, are constantly kept going. The resolution in the House calling lor a committee to take official notice of Kalakaua's presence at the capitol furnished laughter. One of the clerks called the Illustrious darkey "King Calico, of the Highwines;" and another denominated him King Kill a Cow, of the Ilay weighs." All the magnificent metaphors are sot manufactured in the West. Here is one about "Lohengrin" from a Boston paper: "No one can study the score of this work, and hanging over the rugged cliffs of harmony peer down into the chasms of deep thought which pervades the composition, without being impressed with the im- . mensity of the grandest of modern operatic structures." Recent reports from Madrid announce that

the several parts of Murillo's painting of St. Anthony of Padua have been dUcoveredf but unfortunately in an irjured condition, the head of the taint b ieg detached from the remainder of tbe body, and the picture having been thus even more seriously damaged than was expected. Till this discovery was made a hope was entertained that tbe known value of this beautiful work would hav secured it from such desecration. A petition has been introduced In the Virginia legiilatuto from O. E. Cleveland and others, asking the enactment of a law to restrain a Judge from allowing "more than legal fees without consent of the party interested. The petition was suggested, it is said, by a case in Nelson county, where a lawyer bad agreed to attend to a certain esse for a stipulated sum. The money resulting from the proceedings coming into the lawyer's hand, be put in a claim for ten times the amount of the agreement, and it was allowed. The Colorado Democrat tells of the good luck of two Missouri miners thus: The beBt find of the season thus far is reported by Mr. 8. W, Spease, of Kansas City, and Luther Maddox. of Mexico, mo. These g?n tlemen leit Denver lat October to go to Baker's Park, On the way they were induced to prospect near Kosita, and in üye days' work struck a silver lode of immense richness. The vein on the lode strucV by Mr. Spease is tbree feet eight inches in width. and. as tbe shaft is sunk, tbe vein increases In thickness and richness in tbe precious metaL A correspondent writing from Jackson, 31 iss., thus gives a specimen of the legal ability of a colored justice of the peace, named Gurdv. Tbe latter had seen the ad'verusemeut referring to tbe lost mule above mentioned, and went with "'Squire Robert"' and the usual negro witness to Duckworth's to prave property in the animal and take it bcne. JosLua Dobson bad a 'haltered" dole raaning at large with Duckworth's, and Garcfy sttiicg this aDimal drew a paper, pen and ink from his pocket, nnd prepared a writ ol povacssion as follows: Tbe State ov v-Is: Koborae Cownty 1 March Uurdy liopken J 30, 1874. Appurd befour the undersign Jutiss of the l'eas3 and made oth that is bis visiLil property arm you glv that Black mule wfcat be bav griv (driven) op with your hers holier. March 50 1. .31M 1371-0 urdy Uopkio. Robert Green, J. P.

TIIK GRASSHOPPER PLAGUE.

THE PERILA OF THE WE8TERNSETTLERS THE PEOPLE WITHOUT FOOD AND CLOmiu. Ell Perkins bai written a letter to the New Tork8un of the 26th Inst., from Lincoln, Neb., concerning the grasshoppers in that country, which Is a good piece of work for a humorous lecturer. 1 have crossed the great bread-producing region of the United States four times within 30 days. 1 have tried to find the boundaries of tbe great crop-destroying drought ot last summer. The drought in all instances destroyed the corn crop before the grasshoppers or chinch rava m A ThA invert were onlv supple mentary in com Dieting the destruction of m . . . 1 IV every living lew, djobiu, wuuw unripe grain, and fruit. The famine or drought district I find to be more extensive than is generally believed. It does not embrace simply Kansas and Nebraska. It embraces a corn, grain-growing, 8nd pork and beet producing country seven times as large as New England, Tbe drought and grasshopper plague destroyed the corn crop almost totally. The region of country devastated by the drought and grasshoppers embraces the lower nuarter of Dakota, a' fifth of Iowa, all of Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado, and the Indian Territory, the bulk of Missouri, and parts of Illinois and Arkansas. In Kansas and Nebraska the coin crop was a total failure. Tbe drought commenced in June and continued till August. The ground was parched, and it cracked open in many places, leaving holes half an inch wide and two feet deep. Grass was dried to hay, and firwi raged where cattle ought to bave grazed. Wella and streams dried up, tbe heat was intense, the corn silked out in a sickly way, and then tassel and silk dried up. loo. Tbe grasshoppers came in Joly. "Ihey invariably came from the West, from the mountains. A fearful drought bad dried np every vestige of living vegetation beyond Colorado, and the hra&shoppers were driven eastward into the coal fields. They appeared first in Colorado, then swarmed through Kansas and Missouri. Tbe last was DYING IN INDIANA, near Vincennes. The grashopper was like the ordinary insect seen in New England, from an inch to an inch and a half in length. It was a ravenous eater. It would tit four times its own weight in a day. It seemed to be a little mill to grind up food. The natives likened it to a sausage machine. Its favorite diet was green corn. When this was gone they 2te the leaves off the trees, greon apples, and peaches, and rather than go hungry they would devour each other. If one died, a dozen mourners would gather at the funeral aud eat him up. Near Topeka, Kansas, I talked with a farmer who planted a thousand acres of corn, bat did not gather an ear. Last year he Bold corn for 17 cents, and this year be was shipping it from Iowa at $1 25. He sat on his balcony mourning the utter destruction of his crop. "How did they come the grassboppsra?" "They came like a shower, sir," he replied. "They filled the air. They darkened the sun. They covered tbe Btalk of corn until it was black. Then they ate every leaf, ate the stalk down to tbe young ear, and then ate the little ear, too." "Cob and all, sir?" "Yes, cob and all. "Why, don't you see that thousand acres of corn out there now?" he exclaimed, "standing like broken whip stocks?" "What else did they eat?" I asked. "Why, they ate every learoffof the peach trees, ate the young peaches, leaving the stones, and there stood my trees leafless, bearing a crop of peach stones. They ate little cottonwood limbs an inch thick ; they ate my beets, turnips and onions clear down into the ground hollowed 'em out, leaving the rind ate cigar stubs, sir, and" A VERT TOCGH STORY. "Hole up!" I aaid, "that's too mach, that's 'But it's the solemn truth, sir. Why, one night I sat on the balcony with the engineer of tbe Santa Fe road. The hoppers bad piled up against the west side of tbe bouse three feet thick. It was a crawling, stinking, nasty pile. The balcony was covered. I threw down a quid of tobacco, and the hoppers coveted it and ate it up in a few minutes, and when I put my foot on a pile of them, the rest sailed in and ate the smashed ones up. Why, when I went to build my fires this fall, the stoves wouldn't draw, and, on examining to learn the cause, I found the flues full of hoppers. They tilled the air with a horrid stench. They covered the pools and springs with their poisonous green excrescence, and made the cattle sick; they made the hens and turkeys sick, and they fairly made me sick. Why, I've seen them so thick on the railroad that they'd stop a train grease the track till the locomotive wheels would roll over and over." "What became of them?" I asked. "They flew east. They always flew in the day ti2e, and ate at night. They went through my corn field in a day, and tbe next day were a half mile to the east." "And the trees?" "Why, they all leaved out again, and many of tbem blossomed over again, and tried to bear fruit, and did bear it till the frost came. In my trees you'd see dead peach stones and pinkbloasoms all together. Ob.it was a mournful sight, sirdreadful!" and tbe farmer drew a long sigh. THE IOWA "LYNCHING. THE STATEMENT OP ANNIE HOWARD, THE VICTIM'S W IFK THE HCKNH IN THE CELL. The Iowa papers give the following report of the inquiry into the lynching ol Howard at Des Moines a short time ago : Annie Howard sworn: I was in the southwest corner of the east room of tbe jail. Mr. Howard bad just got up and fixed tbe fire ; bis coming back to b?d awoke me, and I heard somebodv coming into the hall. I heard a scuffling of feet, and thought it was police with drunken prisoners. We heard them come Into the cell where the two girls were confined; one of the girls asked: "What do you want here? There is nobody but two girls here." We were both raised up on our elbows, listening to 6ee what the disturbance was. Wben they unlocked our cell door, I thought it was officers coming to take him to the penitentiary. Tbe man who unlocked tbe door did it quick, and seemed to understand it. Q. After getting in the room -did they proceed directly to the bed? A. Tbey did; there was a light in the room lrom tbe stove so that they could see. Q. What wa the first thing done? A. As soon as I saw their faces were blackened, I suspected what it was, and threw myself over him. They fir.t said, "Come out of here, we want vou. vouson of b hi" I said, "O, my God! Don't kill bim; you have sentenced,! him for Hie; what more do you want7" lie said, "Gentlemen, don't kill me; I am an innocent man, and time will show you that I am, if you will only wait." I began to scream, and they took hold of me awd triad to tear me loose from him; then tbe third man catuo m with a rope. I saw they were going to rut it over bis neck, and I tried to prevent tbem by putting my body over his head and neck. One of tbe men told me to leave or he would kill me; he beld a revolver U my temple. Charlie told me to let go, that be would go with them I then let go. One of the men took me by the throat, to attfp my screaming.

He choked me for a time, and then quit, and put bis band over my mouth, telling me to hush up. I jerked bis hand from my mouth; he then held, me by the arm, so that I could not get to Howard. I stood between the foot ot the bed and tbe stove, screaming, while this was gding on. Howard begged them to let him speak to me, or KISS MB ONCE, and he would then go with them. One man said, "Let him speak to ber if he wants to," but the others would not permit it. Howard was sitting on the edge of the bed, and they Jerked him upon his feet. They had a rope around his neck and took him right out. As be went out in tbe other cell he said, "Good-bye, Annie. Yon know that I die an innocent man." They- slammed the door shut, alter be went out, I would. know one ot the men if I should ever see him. I think I bave seen him before. I do not know his name. I saw tbe same man in tbe court house yard yesterday, looking into the jail through the bars. I would not dare to tell if I saw these men before me now. I think that man was from the country. He wore a dirty bottle-green overcoat, and wore a skull cap. This man was tbe first one in the cell. My husband's name was Charles Henry Howard Nelson; bis parents resided in Broooklyn, N. Y.. wben be was at home last. His father's name was Admiral Nelson; he lived at 240 Adelphi street, Brooklyn, N. Y. Howard had a wite before in New York, and has two children there now. She died some time ago. Howard has a lezacy coming to him from New York worth about 10,000. When the report came out about his being in Blalrstown, Howard asked me where tbe place was; he had never been there. I always thought that Howard knew who did murder Johnson, and he told me that he always thought it wi Jim Warren and Eph. Warren. I thought there were few men, and that my screaming would bring assistance. The report that Howard made a confession, and that be cursed the judge the day be was sentenced, are both totally fals9. I have a statement be wrote that night before going to bed. I will give it to the reporters. A STRANGE ROBBERY.

A YOUNO MAN ROB HIS PATH ER OP fl 0,000 PROF. PRCK, OP COLUMBIA COLLEGE, NEW YORK CITY, THE VICTIM. The New York Times of the 28th Inst, gives the following facts connected with a strange case of domestic crime: Prof. William G. Peck, of Columbia College, rushed into the Twenty-first Precinct station bouse at noon yesterday, and said that be wanted to see Capt. McElwaine immediately, as he had just been robbed of ?40,000. Prof. Peck was very much agitated, and Informed Capt. McElwaine that a chest dontalning family plate worth 1,000, and cecrtiflcates of deposit and other securities valued at f 10,000, bad been carried out of his residence. No. 126 East Thirty-fifth street.by two young men. Capt. McElwaine proceeded to the professor's residence to work the case up, and obtained the statement of a colored servant who said that while sitting at the kitchen window she saw Master Henry Peck, son of the professor, 19 years old, come in by the hall door, accompanied by two youths of about the same age. She heard them walking overhead in the parlor, and then heard them apparently go up stairs to young Peck's room. 6he next heard the hall door open, and saw tbe two young men carry a chest down the stoop. She went out, saw that they turned down Madison avenue to Thirty-fourth stieet, and on looking up saw young Peck watching them from the window of his room. On re-entering the house she met young Peck in tbe hall-way going out, and asked bim what chest it was that Eis friends carried out. He told her to mind ber business and he would mind his. This excited the servant's suspicion, and she watched him leave the bouse add proceed in the same direction as tbe two young men who carried the chest. She informed another servant of the affair, and the latter on going to the extension-room or studio, behind the parlors, saw that the plate-cheat had been stolen. The family were at church, but the servants called Prof. Peck and bis father-in-law. Prof. Davis, out of the church, and informed them of tbe affair. Capt. McElwaino ascertained that young Peck was keeping company with a dressmaker, and calling on tbe young lady, obtained from her a picture of Master Henry Peck. Seven officers were detailed to search tbe city for bim, but shortly before 6 o'clock be returned to his father's house alone. Capt. McElwaine was notified, but on arriving at the house found that Prof. Davis and Prof. Peck were not disposed to take any action in the case or prosecute young Peck. Tbe latter said he knew nothing about the chest and denied everything. While working on the case Capt. McElwaiue obtained possession of a list of debts due by young Peck. On this list, which amounted in all to ?26S, James Oxley fissured for ?S5, "Seddons Mouse" was credited with $5i, while "Owney" Geoghegan, "Paddy the Smasher," and other sporting and notorious persons were similarly mentioned. Why do not the woman emancipationists come to Saxony, and see with their own eyes what the capacities of their sex actually are? Here women show more strength and endurance than many of their husbands and brothers do. They carry on their broad backs, lor miles, heavier weights than I should care to lend my shoulders to. Massive are their legs as the banyan-root; their hips are aa the bows of a three decker. Backs have they like derricks ; rough hands like pile drivers. They wear knee short skirts, sleeves at elbows, h6ad kerchiefs. As a rule they possess animal good nature and vacant amiability. But at twenty or twenty-five they are already growing old. Growing old with them is a painful process, not a graceful one. Thereservts of vitality are dry. and the woman's face becomes furrowed, even as the fields she cultivates. Her eyes fade Into stolidity and unintelligence. Her mouth seldom smiles. Thirty finds her hollow-cheeked, withered and bony. At fifty should she live so longshe is In extreme old age. Meanwhile she has been bearing children aa plentifully as though that were her sole employment. But such labors secure ber ecarcs a temporary immunity from other toil. I baveseen ber straining up a long hill, weighed with more burdens than one. Pleasanter is it to consider her in the bay field, before youth has dried up in her. Her plain costume follows her figure closely enough to show to the best advantage its heavy but not unhandsome contours. Seen from a distance, her motions and postures bave often an admirable grace. Her limbs observe harmonious lines. In raking, stooping and tossing tbe bay ber actions are supple aud easy. As she labors in tbe sun, she keeps up a good humored chatter with ber com paaions. Her bare arm and legs are bronzed by eumojpr exposure to heat and dirt; and her vUage is of a color almost Ethiopian. Bat an American Southerner might tee in her more than the dark complexion to put bim io mind ol former days, and institutions. Julian Hawthorn, Contemporary Review. John H. Surratt, son of Mrs. Surratt, hanged for supposed complicity in President Lincoln's murder, is teaching school near Bmmetsburg, Maryland.

ASSOCIATION OF THE ONES WHO TEACH THE YOUNO IDEA.

THE OPENING OP THE 21ST ANNUAL MEETING. THE OrEXINf EXERCISE GOV. HENDRICKS' SPRECH EX PRKHIDENT SMART AND PRESIDENT JONES' DITTO. The Y. M. C. A. Hall was densely packed Tuesday evening at the cpening ol the State Teachers' Association. At half past seven o'clock the Association was called to order, and the Rev. Dr. DeLaMatyr opened the exercises with prayer. At the conclusion ot the Invocation Governor Hendricks came forward and delivered the address l elow. He legan by saying that be waa expected to deliver an addrea ot welcome, and that his conception of that Was to welcome them to the hearts of tbe people of Indiana. Alter speaking of tbe limit ol ttme that bad been allowed him, be continued, saying: THE GOVERNOR'S ADDRESS. Ladles and Gentlemen of tbe Indiana Teacher's Aa.ioclation : I hardly understand the duty which has been assigned me this evening. I know it is to welcome you, but whence and where? Shall it be to the 6 tatet You are now a part and power in the state. Shall it be to this city? Some of you belong to it, contribute to Us greatness! Some of its most conspicuous ornaments are the stately edifices in which you serve the people. itut i Detleve it is right ana proper ior me to welcome you to tne hearts ol all the people of tbe state. And I am glad to do tbat, for the feelings ana sympathies of the people authorize it, Therefore, on behalf of the people, I give you a coram welcome. And that is nearly all I could pot-ibly be prepared to say on tLis occasion, liut the gentleman whö wrote what duty bad been assigned me, said I must speak tbree quar ters of an hour. Did he mean so much no more, no lebs? Then, indeed, my condition is worse than bnylock's, whom .Portia allowed the penalty in the bond, but no in .rr nor less of tbe division "of the twentieth part of one poor temple." But I know tbat I am more likely to enjoy your forgiveness and favor if I stop far short of the limit than If I go beyond; so I will regard your comfort and my own necessity. in this organization you represent-, as I suppose, the county and township institutes. as well as the body of the teachers of the state. The it-stitutes are becoming import ant ana strong supports or our school system. Tbeydvfclop fraternity, and promote proressionai pride - and excellence. Improvement and advancement must result irom me OHCuseion, com parison and criticism pt the teachers of their different modes of government, and of imparting knowledge. This influence goes beyond the teachers, and reaches tbe patrons of the schools. In this state all the people are the patrons of our common free schools. And tbe cause of education is strengthened wben they become interested in the questions which relate to their management and qualify their success. So I think I may say tbat the tendency and influence of the teachers' institutes, of which this is tbe head, is to make your profession stronger, more dignified, honored and efficient, and also to promote and advance the cause of popular education. Much more cheerfully and gratefully will the people give their children into your charge and management when they know that you possess tbe skill and art of govern ing them so as to enforce obedience without impsring tbe natriral force and vivacity of spirit and character; and when they know, also, that you will carefully and intelligently consider the physical, mental and moral qualities and peculiarities of each lit yonr entire treatment. And I understand tbat it is tbe tendency ot the institutes to 'establish and make more distinct and positive the duty of tbe teacher to carry the mind of the student back of rules and results, to reasons, causes and principles. When these are entirely understood tbe results are easily and accurately traced, and the yules deduced. The rule in 1 a particular case: may be forgotten, but tbe principle upon which it rests can not be forgotton, and if tbat be understood tbe party is master of tbe subject. Of what value is it to know a mathematical proposition as a result, or by an effort of tbe memory? In euch case the truth is not known stall. I once knew a student who memorized more than one-half of Davis' Legendre. II was, as you appreciate, an amaxlng effort of memory, but tbe unfortunate and miserable party bad never looked within tbe regions of mathematical truth. His terrible labor was worth no more than the firing of a kite. Being thoroughly taught f ir back in the elements and principles ot science, the student holds the tes of truth in bis own hands. He becomes a trained thinker, and is likely to arrive at juet and proper conclusions, even when nsw subjects are preserted. I think the important work of tbe teacher is the cultivation of correct habits of thought. When the schools are left behind, immense fields of unexplored knowledge lie before. Into these ycu can not accompany him. But relying upon hi training, be enters with confidence and assigns to facts, es they present themselves, their logical relations. The Grecian athlete was trained tbat his toot should be firm, his eye steady, and his muscle strong, but his instructor did not run the race witn him, nor indicate the steps he should take. Your work is wtll done when you lead yocr scholar forfli to enter the contests of lite with babits of dilligent and profound investigation and reflection. In this respect the State Normal School is a model as well as an authority. I bave been able to visit that institution but upon one occasion. I observed at once that no subject was parsed unless tte reasons and principles upon which It rested were correctly comprehended. I am confident it will prove (a great help to our school system, and worthy the favor of the people. Next in Importance to tbe lormation of correct habits of thought, la the cultivation of good taste; tbe appreciation or that which is noble a-id (beautiful. I am not sure but that throughout life we are as much influenced through our sensibilities and emotions as through tbe sterner faculties of reason and Judgment. Tbe capability of reaching these qualitieig is of great practical value to every one. May I not then say tbat it 1 of very great importance, and material to tbe highest success of the schools, tbat correct sentiments and good taste be cultured and developed. The institutes and other professional associations among the teachers will contribute to that desirable aud essential result. The interest and pnde which ycu xbiblt in your profesion are reasonable and commendable. Your profession is excelled by none other in respect to its usefulness. You take society by its tender hand. You guide unsteady steps. You point out to tbe inexperienced the safe ways. And under your influence tbe good and tbe beautiful are cultivated and cherished. Like current money, useful knowledge passes rapidly from person to person. Thereby your inllueuco is repeated a thousand times. Itut bevond that you now command the influence aud honor of association. You forma part of the InriUna common fechool system, which will become as efficient as anv lu tbe world. The pupilsnow enrolled in tbe free schools of the .täte number 489,041, and the teachers employed during tbe last year were 12.655. That is 12 regiments of officers and 4SU regim6Ltaff private soldiers; cot organized lor

sanguine contest, but to establish society and our institutions upon the solid basis of educated judgment and cultivated virtue. The system rests upon a permanent endowment of t9,l 1,319 60, which can not bo impaired, but la constantly and rapidly increasing. It rsts also upon the generOUS SUOnort Of A willlnc? anA mnarur.

, ous people. In addition to the interest from iuj enaowmem mnd, tbepeoplecontributed during the last year, by taxation, to the support of the schools more than one and a half million dollars. To tbe people, so generous and free In the cause of education, you owe It to strike a blow at waste and extravagance whenever they may come under your observation. Economy is essential to the permanent favor of the system with the people. In this connection it is proper for me to refer to the death of tbe Hon. Milton B. Hopkins, which took place during tbe past year. It was conceded that he stood at tbe bead of the cause of education In the state, and officially be was at the head of our common hnhrw! Kvit.m TTa a. i j uonu juu earliest mua , true friend. By his devotion he contributed to the dignity of your profession. Capable, earnest aud efficient he accomplished much for tha first cause and highest interest of the state. I was gratided that great honor was shown to his memory. You are here as representatives. You sreak for 12,000 persons who are engaged as teachers. I may not ertdertake any comparison between tbe influence whioh ihv overt and tbat ol a like number engaged in an v other profession or employment. Such a comparison cannot he made. They influence all o her pursuits. They are felt throughout the entire frame-work of society. Church and state, trade and commerce, agriculture mm me mecuanic arts, are an modi bed and influenced by the modest labors of those whom you represent. The taste for the Ho weis that ornament tbe country home, good cbeer and skill in the workshop, fidelity in tbe lawyer's office, honor in tbe physician's call, devo tion to the one great cause in the pulpit, and integrity in office are guaranteed u tuo immiiy circie ana in me common schools, else they bave ro vigorous growth in iuo juiure. i am ciaa to neiinvn that nnr vmm-.r schools are tree from tbe touch and influence of party and of sect. And I am confident tbat you and those whom you represent will see to it tbat there shall be no departure r A ana ... irom mat policy, me schools belong to all the people. Persons of all shades of politics. and of all systems ol religious faith alike contribute to their support. It would not be right that anv class should seek to impress us ineorieB oi government, or tenets of religion upon the minds of tbe children in thcommon schools, and thus to control the politics or the religion of a coming genera tion. The training ehould seek to estab Iish proper babits of thought, and the right use of all the mental faculties, Dut not to usurp tbe place os iudzment uoon such onestions. Public policy will Bot allow your prerogative to go ku iar. jicerwise me usefulness ot tbe system would be impaired, and its permanence endangered. I hope that this, your annual meeting, will be attended by great enjoy ment w yourselves and benent to the cause oi education. THE ADDRESSES AND GENERAL BUSINESS. THE EXERCT8E8 OF THE DAT PAPERS BY THE PROFS. OTHER MATTERS TOO NUMEROUS TO MENTION. The association assembled Wednesday morning as per adjournment. After 15 minutes of devotional exercises', Prof. G. W. Hoss was introduced, and read a paper on "TtiA lViiA.ttnn.1 Tnn.s r 1 r I Character." After a fow preliminary remarks, be said, in substance, as follows: Character Is what we are and reputation is what people think we are. Considered nega tively words are cot character. Gentleness and purity may be in the words, wben se verity, sensibility or malignity is In the heart. Neither are good impulses character Peter under a noble impulse declared him self ready to die with bis master, yet in a few hours denies him again. Surroundings are not character. Many determine a man'a character by his nationality, bv tbe office he noias or me uue ne Dears. These though outward signs leave in a degree untouched that inner and finer essence called character. Scholarship is not character. In a word character is the man. There are tbree distinct processes in tbe work of education. 1, informing; 2, training; 3, developing. The first furnishes facts and principles for guidance. The second applying tbe products of the first, gives skill. The third develops power. thus giving character. Tbe first is' tributary to the second and both to the third. Tbe third is the crowning plury of the other two. The laws under which character educates, are, 1st, like begets like. This law. holds in physical nature, hence by analogy should in mental and moral. Teachers, as surely as lace answers face in the mirror, or form produces form on the face of I he camera, so surely is your character reproducing itse:l in your pupils. Your courage is producing courage, your patience, patience; your candor, candor; your veracity, veracity ; your magnanimity, magnanimity, and also if the contraries ot these are found ihey are producing their likes. A second law is we grow like what we contemplate. It is a well known law that natural scenery modifies character. Men look and are modified by what they see. Tbe pupil beholds with admiration the noble traits in bis teacher's character, and thus beholding he is changed into the same. A third law is tbat a teacher's character becomes a pattern or model. A sequence follows in conclusion. The need of closer personal Intercourse between teacher and pupil. History and experience sustain this. Our present system of wholesaling in education, giving from forty to sixty pupils to a teacher, thereby necessitating large classes and haste, is not favorable to such development. Character development requires the teacher to aid the pupil in forming ideals. The ideal modifies and shapes tbe real. Tbe real is what he lives, the ideal is what he hopes and seeks. Tbe teachers can and should do something to Impress this iaeal in the minds cf his pupils. Tnls should be done by a judicious revelation of his own character by direct instruction, portraying so nearly as may be by words, tbe subtle essence of character and tbe subtler essence of bis Idea). In view of tbe delicate and potential influence of character let each humbly, yet resolutely, take as the measure and guide of character the injunction of the Great Teacher, "Be ye therefore perfect.' The discussion of tbe paper was participated In by Prof. Bll, the Itev. Mr. Smitb, Mr. McCrea and Arthur Brown. A recess was then taken, after wb ich the paper bv Mr. Charles Evans on "Public Libraries" was begun, but bad to be discontinued before its close, owing to its length and tbe hour for the memorial exercises having arrived. THE MtMOPIAL FXERCISE9, in respect to the memory ot tbe Hon. Mil ton B. Hopkins, late superintendent ot public instruction, were began by a prayer by the Rev. Cyrus Nutt, in which be feelingly alluded to the. death or tbe honored gentleman. Prof. J. H. Smart spoke, alter the singing of an am hem by the Choral Union, on behalf ot tbe State Board of Education: One year ago, on the occasion of our twentieth anniversary, there was one amoDg

us one who, with . uplifted hand, and bowed bead, pronounced a blessing upon us. Since tbat time death ha taken him lrom us, and on tbe 19th cf last August frierds and relatives followed to their last resting place the remains of tbe Hon. M B. Hopkins. To one and all his death oomea as an Irreparable loss. In bis private life Mr. H. was a Christian gentleman, and always had cheering words for thnee cast down and In distress. His public life, tbongh brief, was full of honor. It is generally conceded that he bad a large influence among th teachers of the state, and also among legislators, as is attested from the fact of bis being instrumental In carrying through tha county superintendent. His life should teach us that purity of lire and devotion to principle shall win for us fame more to ba desired than the crown of kings. KVXNINO SESSION.. After calling to order, a committee waa appointed, consisting of one from each congressional district, to nominate officers. After tbe reading of tbe order of exerdv for to-day, the meetiog adjourned. Continued on Fourth pge. . SOUTHERN PRISON. FULL ACCOUNT OK THlC WORK FOE TTJ YEAR A BAD TEAR FOR THH WICKED TWENTY-FOUR OF THEM DIR. DIRECTORS' REPORT. The amount expeadod in improvement has been iüdlciouslv laid ont. and'arfda

match to thecomtort and durability cf tbe prison. The officers ha- e not been changed during ILe year, with the exception of tbe clerk, R. J. Forsylb, who resigned, and was succeoded by E. P. Gilpin. warden's rkport. He has spared no expense In perfecting the discipline and comfort cf tbe hospital, which was very illy arranged. The ward formerly devoted to female kas been made part oi the hospital. Strong cells bave been built apart from the others for tbe ue of Insane convicts. Steam pipta have been placed in various parts of the building, lessening tbe foel expense and add in to the comfort of those rooms. Beside thee gemral improvements, the grouuds have been improved and some of the floors raised. Tbe uniform i being OHANOBD FROM THE STRIFE to plain black. Some trouble bas been cauaed by the failure of the Southwestern Car Company to balance its accounts. Dysentery has caused great distress during the year, and out of nearly tvo hundred cases twelve were fatal. Tbe warden pays a high compliment to the efficiency ot Dr. Wm. H. Sheets, the physician. The discipline ha been very good with the exception of one serious attempt at an outbreak. Four of the convicts, having been armed by friends outside, made a rm-h wi.iletbe guard waa opening the door, and got out into the street. In the pursuit Gecree Chamberlain wu killed by them, aud Webb Holmes and tha warden narrowly escaped death. After being captured they were confined in cell until taken out to be tried on an indictment lor murder. physician's report. The year has been one of unusually bard labor. Twelve men died from dysentery, six from typhoid fever, tbree from congestive chilis, one from phthisis, one from epilepsy, one in attempting to escape, -in all 24 deaths. A large majority of the deaths are of persons who bave lead dissipated lire. chaplain's report. The substitution of black clothing for tba striped has had a beneflciil effect on tbe nrisoners. A larcpr lihrnrv la nMriart Th I - O UV attendance on religious service has been i . . . . . unusuaiiy gooa,na tne morals ot the prison in a more bealtbv condition than ever h. fore. clerk's report. Total receipts for year. f79.Wl 6S: diabursements, 179.&43 25; balance, $88 Co; as sets, X35,1 60. The total number of con victs is 417, of which the farmers furnish 101; laborers, 133; 19 of no occupation, and var ious cambers representing nearly every branch of industry. Grade. w Read and write Keaa only 4 No edaoatioa. , FT FORMER HABITS OF CONVICTS, AND NUMB EH OF EACH. Habit, jJo. Intern perat . 1 Mnrlcr.K ,,,, ,, , , ,, .12 Temperate... -1H Total .417 SOCIAL RELATION OF CONVICTS, AND NCMBR OF EACH. Relation. No. Married Mnele.. .363 Widowers A Total. Air RECAPITULATION. In confinement. IVppmhcr IS. iura rwa i-l nee received ..230 Recaptured l-:i Discharged by expiration of Beotrnoe 127 Pardoned ,, , ,, -. 24 Died rt lU-manded 11 Transferred to the Reformatory-. 2 Sentence commuted 1-197 , Total In confinement. 417 What would poor Burts hare thought or said if be could have foreseen that be would, in 1874, be lectured upon In the City of Sacramento, and In the Congregational Church ot that city? Oae can not helpthinking of bit early appearance in the kirk, seated upon the outty-stool of repentance, gazea at as a hopeless reprobate by the elders, and aa an un commonly good-looking young fellow by tbe pitiful lassies. What a life was his! And what a solid, enduring fame! No noetical cotemnorarv nearlv ao wnll MmAm. bare J, certainly not one so warmlv en shrined in the heart ot the Rngllsb-speäklng race i Ana to crowc an, nair canonired, ao to speak, in tbe Congregational Chureii of Sacramento ! New York Tribune. Two dwarfs, a husband and his wife, be longing to tbe Aztec nation, are now on ex hibition at Frascatl, Hue Vivi6nne, says tbeAmerican Register, of Paris. They are scarcely more than three feet high, aged between thirty and foity, of a dark son-em browned complexion, and possess the characteristic features ol their rttce; a large Roman nose, prominent jaw and receding forebead; their hair is black and wcolly. Tbe preence of this dimunitive couple at tha Frascüti concert roorm proves a great attraction, and large crowds fl ck each night to see "Maximo and Barthola, the Aiteo dwarls." D. Appleton fc Co., of New York, baT Issued "Personal Ramlnincences, Anecdotes and Letters of Gan. Robert K. Lee." Its author is the Rev. J. William Jon, D. D., formerly chaplain of the array of Northern Virginia, and of Washington College, Virginia. The book is published b7 authority of the Lee Umily, and tha faculty of Washington and L?e University.

.1

i I V)