Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 23, Number 52, Indianapolis, Marion County, 4 August 1874 — Page 4

1

TUESDAY, AUGUST 4.

On ;.be rvoof every election the scoundrel-'-th Lv been oppressing the Southern SUtfs gci up a ery about the oatrag"S eotninitted by (be mm whom they arc wronging. Tlfciy endeavor to excuse their own villjiiy by uiaHgainc; the character ot their viet -;us. Their northern allies take up and reecho ;he frUnden. Tn plain English, those Northern, adventurers who have obtained control of tha South have the audacity to irr? fcha the people ot some of the M l liir'.-i?n elouiea that won our indepandeuce, ar r fit for sel'-sovernment; and there are hyj. - iiii; thiouynout the moro fortunate y.v.ti of Union, willin? to aidlin.tiiaiutaiQic He trrinaj which they have established w tbe inevi'able plea of the tyrant, lb" pP'-.r.'O f preserving order. T.belat exciia invented for lepriTir.fr the white people. . the Slates lately in recillion ed" their, rig MV, rivf i to be what is callel the "White l."-:.;u and tha customary letails of tho at: . .:-;,if t? v:f th3 tudei are duly served up i'or l I eiltet. Negroes may rob .south Carolina, or overthiow t be lawful governm üt of Ij-ttiisiina a ad it i- all right, but the juorir. i.: a white mm stirs to J'-foad himself he is considered Itr5fc- ron to all the sacred intertf jfircty. In Louisiana thsre is a regul uirse of the White League business in prep aration, for due effect on the fall campaign Wifll-tni ritt Kcllsg. the virtuous repreMT.tatlvt? of freedom and order in that State has .-dready felt called upon to issu a prcl-jnarion on the otibjoot. lie charg-M the nrirder f one Manuel Nunez, an iodustri;is anl deserving Spaniard, wlio hid U-.-n s-tipptying the negroes with arm?, upon the Tjcigae. A reward of one thousand dollars offerei for tho defection of the criminaU, and of Turse in such a needy community t oat will soon bring a' Mint an accusation. No tiian diros to palliate murder. To do . would ' as contenoptible as to try to msJ. poblieal oapital out of it. But is it pot a g.'iastly piece of impudence on the part of "Wiinat Pitt Kellogg, the usurper, to step t'.r.vjtrd as the representative of the pojle f Ixuieia.na and the champion ot liberty and j:trUe? Time was when a trial in church for heresy. trjM a serious matter. It might be a uMtion of life and death. .That day has los pt-t, and with it every attendant cirufftacr tbat invests the subject with the leaf. shadow of eeriousne s. A good joke is n the tnpi in the charges which s'une zcidue cLsmp'cn of dogmas named Knott pre-rosr to bring against the well known a '.id respectable Tarsoa Goodwin, of tbi oily, me importance oi me aitair m entirely d;spelled by the circumstance that the trial has nothing whatever to rlo with the unexceptionable character of the c.ilprit? All hi brethren of the M thesis! Church are ready lo testify to his .:iipl.ry lifj aud sincere Intentions. Airvin. tho questions on which ho U v;?.rz? with tran-icuJiu. I hi :.' red boundaries of (mir b re".ief, are at omt) wholly indaterlbina.c und wholly inrihVGiiil to uiora's or chrUiisn practice. While the world staiul. nd-...jy will know Fiiy more about the p.iit-t iu depute tlun thej' now know. wL his pr.i-r. i .Mlly notbinir at all, and it is n -t the l-asfc matter that fbey should. Pevp'.e msy change their conjectures End opinions on the ev!rlnr.e attainalrte, but nothing can bedc-t-rmined po'tivcly on the subject, nor n'ird be. Tho old liners claim that dad p ! plea b'Vliort will come to life again, the Mine identical bodies which are buried, cre-matr-d. eaten up by wolv;s or sharks, cr Imposed ot In any other way. Jlrother (i od in dont believe this, but thinks when a'jaia'slx)1ydiH,he, iho man, tho soul, h iinoiediately transferred to the state ct spiritual immortality aceorjing to the order ol tbe lQfure life. As to the fact of a future life, bapp$ne for tho Kd and wr?'.!fo'vluess for the luJ, tho heretic Godwin has no controversy with biü brother preachers, tbo inn is all abjut the resurrection aud ro-vHal;z'iig of the particular laitter which now constitutes a nrm'j body, a very in'iiiniricant and trifling matter to charc'i nunl an honot brother about. ioodwin ha.s some other tlawaia him, tnough. 1 la atn't see any convincing evidonca in thü Bible, nor elsewhere, thtt Jesus ChrUt will make a second bodily advent to this worlJ. nor that all the people will bo brought together in one day and sorted out tor heavtu and heil repectlvely. These are specu'lations as to modes, prozranima and proesse.s -j-nceruing which the evidenco is not pirtinilarly clear, either in nature or revelation. To arraign a man for his honest views on these dispute smacksof pig-h-.Ued bigotry, ach as ruled the drk days of the jat generations. Ol course, these loyal fflloa-s would like to hoist tJoodwin o"! ibfir platforms as the only mode of relu.ing hi attacks on their preaching. II is tho caly chinca, for they know very well that to B'.tsmpt a fair answer to his book i a tope'.cis undertaking. Tlio t'-vo Now York oiaol-s, lb Tribimo ai.d P.ull'.tlrc, have locked lnjrr on the gt-n-rhl t tr.-t rf an nbuii'lant crop su flit-lent tunke t r.üJ etcap. It is an old ilNputr. TlK-'?re(Ical!y men will d irer aU.ut it for f-m t'.mr. to f-zmc, prol.atIy. lut in a j-r---t.cil wy the (pie-t.'m has not v ry jnueii irrportnoe. It is next to impossible to p-r-oj.W a farir.or cot to cultivate ev-ry aore In p ?ibly cm, and generally more th?n l.e c.m !o well, und it istill more iinpnK-lY'&ble lo ni.'.'it hitn or anybody tlo wi-Ii for a light yk'ld unless it be soim U!iprinipl'l and iitT';.t!'l p"ruIUo. P.t i.i discussing the ju Kliu, he two rf-it journal fail to iu k an ' i n jor l n t fli-.'in"tin. A ljrc yiflJ r acre, a go: c -p roswKiji.ia Uvoribl si':ma is 'Awaya d3iralle. There can hcan-ely be any qr.estion on this paint. The Bulletin says: "A piactioal farmer would inform our cotemMjri:ary that what ho loses in price h9 gains "ri quantity; thai it is aboai the same thing "to tlsi v.lsetber Ji9 bai eiht btihels of :VLcat to tho acre when it U worth 11 or

"twelve bushels when it brings only $1

Under a narrow view, it may be about the same. But in the first placa, it rarely happens that the price increases in the same proportion as the crop falls short. But if it lid, there are many reasons why the larger quantity is a great public benefit loth to the consumer and even the farmer himielt, who ccts an ahundanca for bis own use at Kinall cost, creating an lnprovec ondition of all his stock and of the farm itself. Cheap and abundant food ia too manifestly a blessing for con troversv. It iiwtantlr create a margin ol savings to all classes to be used in other in dulgenelesqulekening every branch of trade, It increases the actual consumption largely an3 improves the amount of trade In favor of all, even the producer bimsel'. Whenever tne fanners become fully converted to the d octrine of large yields.all their troubles will vanish, whether prices be bi?h or low All tbe prohts are found in a margin on the amount prQduexi per acre. It may Le said that everybody knows this, that it H trite aud nonsensical to repeat it Not so. It is not half understood, for if it were, tho prae ice would be conformed to the doctrines, aud farmers would not com mil the folly of plowing and cultivating 20 acres to get what might be btained wi'.h la.s labor from 13. The vield is too much of it charged or credited to the season. For akhwugh that has a great effect. It may te counteracted w hen unfavorable In a largi degrie by the skill and thorough ncss of cultivation. A great yield is always a great benefit. But there Is another aspect of the case that begins to asume a character of some impor tance. The amount of acreage producing rh average yield per acra may lie so great as to more than supply the demand. Too mach wheat may be produced for tbe world's oonsomption, and the prhso may thus be de pressed, to the detriment of all engaged in the business. That contingency is not merely imaginary. In the first place there is a mistaken notion out tbat erery man who is not a producer is a drone and a burden. It a man pays for what he eats he is a profitable customer, no matter what his business is. And when the farmer undertakes to drive men out of other pursuits he is creating competition In his own business that just at this time he would be better without. It Is one of the doubtful questions connected with immigration whether the large numbers addei to tbe grain raiser of tbe western plains may not have a prejudicial elfeet for a time on the agricolt ural inteiests of the older cultivated regions. But tho increase in the nund er f farmer is far less important in its Ideating tn proluctioa than the immense increase of pow er canned by improved maehinery. The expansion or protuetlve area in the virgin soil of the northwest by this added el'uent is -uch as to justifiy the enquiry whether or not a Kbit of the grain market may not yet le experienced. It is not impossible that a jteriod will occur before th great West is filled with its population of varied pursuits. when there will b9too Urge harvest or the profit of the farming interest. A l-turopeaa market may always prevent thi, and it may hot. For 8 all tbe world is now an open" market for all the world, a surfeit my only le realized when there is too much food raised for the needs of the race. Kven this is not improbable, in view of what Russia and Australia are lolng and promising. Senator Morten Speech. A great portion of the Sentinel's spa"e this morning is taken up with Senator Morton's speech atTerfe liantc last night, opening the Indiana campaign. The speech is yery can-fully obnsldered and may b8 sei down as the very best thai one of th9 most promineut men perhaps the mot prominent man in the republican party has to offer to the country. Its perusal laavsa a feeling of dis:ippoiameut, which i-J not less due to tbe defects of the speech than to tho overwrought expectation ot the reader. Like every utterance cf the Ieade:s of tbe past era on the questions of the present day, it is weak and unworthy. It is not however uncertain in it? bound, as Senator Morton knows what tW-triocs he wants to advocate and is not afraid to put forward bis opinions definitely, l'erhaps the shadow of a possible presidency has touched his utterances with an unusual chill. The main part of the speech is made up of a criticism of the democratic platform, and lu attacking this weak point the repullican strategist displayed his usual skill. The platform of his own party was ol course still more inconsistent and indefensible, and he was wise enough not to lose time in attempting to explain it. The speech opens . with a contrast between the two great political parties, in which justice is done to neither. Senator Morton considers a third party a mere ephemeral expedient, and holds the lottrine that every American citizen Is born a democrat or a republican, just as every man is born an Aristotelian or a Piatonist. Thetendoneies of human opinion are into these two antagonistic curreats. Holding this theory, the .pe:ker should have omitted his tirt pirajrraph depicting the uncertainty ot democratic policy. It m inevitable that the opposition must take delinite sbaic, and the present indications are that the democracy oi Illinois hive lid the way. The republiean party may just as well make up its mind that the principles of ;ov. Palmer's letter 'are those against which its future fit w ill be waged. The second topic whicn Senator Morton touches upon is the pani of last fall. It ,rnust have required msiderable nerve lor the sneaker to explain aa occurrence which he bad pledged his political sagacity would never come upon tan people. f course only pnethinz could be said by Senator Morton tinder such circumstaueas, and though it was a ratht r foolish thing, he onduded to Bay it. lie declared that the panic ' like a panic in an army, without cause and without remedy. It came in a period of unequalled prosperity and was as unexpected as th'j shock of an earthquake. All of which wi-.h duo re pect bo it spoken U mare by du Taa

of the panic were so well understood, and its coming was anticipated with such certainty, that at least one member of Congress foretold definitely tbe very month in which it would happen. If it came without reason, why lias Senator Morten made so much capital out bf its occurrence in pushtng forward his inflation schemes? Tbe discussion of the currency qnost Jon is oiened w ith a quiet exposure of e gross inconsistency on tbe part of President Grant in regard to contraction and expansion.

The history of. the action of Congress in tbe matter last winter is then giTcn, and from the speaker's tone in regard to the measure final !y adopted, it would seem that he is very well satisfied that a caput mortuum was set up. lie is still enough of an inflationist, however, to rejoice tbat tbe fpecie payment furor has "dwindled down into a harmless jingle of phrases.' Tbe defense of tbe national banking sys tern and the discussion of the proposal to substitute ereenbacks for the bank circula Hon, was somewhat disingenuous. The ar gument in favor of nice green paper of uniform value and adorned with exou'.-ite engravings of the retiue of John Smith, or the landing of Columbus, is -etainly effect ive, as against the old free banking isetie which a plain man hi way 9 accepted with wholesome doubts ami exprets conditions in regard to a return in ca?e ttt mils were rounterleit. Itut this argument is of no avail aaius; the dire t issues of the government, which are fully as artistic in design and valuable in material as its indi rect issues. The reasoning, by means of which it is shown that an issue ot greenbacks in substitution for national bank notes w ould double the amount ot the currency, the Sentinel confesses to be incomprehensible, although S?nator Morton takes pa'ns to say tbat "any intelligent person" can under stand it. The business of the eountry floats serenely on two paper balloons Instead of one, but no matter what particular name m given to them, the buoyancy of both is due to the same principle public credit. The effetive points in Mr. Morton's currency dhcussion are of course mainly duo to the inconsistencies of the democratic platform. The weak oints are the advocacy of inflation, the nonsense about the balance of trade and the senator' visions of future prcsrrity. Mr. Morton's prophesies are so apt to go, ikeRory O'More's dreams, by contraries, that tbe public naturally shudders when he promises good times. lie is like Voltaire's elebrated optimist, w ho would only see tbe bright side of things, though beggared, beaten and in exile. The civil rights question takes up considerable attention, and after perusing Mr. Morton's discussion of the subjectjtte Sentinel feels more than ever convinced that neither party is exactly right on the issue. In Indiana, and perhaps most of tbe States, no additional legislation is needed to enforce race equality, le gally all classes stand on a level, and whenever a negro appeals to the courts for damage?, in cases where be has beon relused admission to hotels or schools he can doub:-U-ss get them. The democrats can not. con

latently deny tbe abstract right which is wtjtwo" years has battered and shaken

forth In tho declaration of ii.l.-nfinrtfln.-P On the oth?r hand the republicans are no less absurd in mistaking social customs for legal prcs-ription. What vie need.cn this subject is not stronger legislation; for the legislation we hae already is strong enough. We want a growth in the lilerality cf public sentiment. Under tho most benign influences, however, those iowerful social influences, such as race.uationality, creed, w ealth and poverty will draw distinguishing lines which tbe lawgif thi country do not recogni.. That natural propensity of birds of a feather to llock together can not e le,$islatel out ot the world. Tbe pretence that negroes have no rights to cducation, locomotion and shelter ilsomew hat ridiculous when it is remembered tbat in tbo States where the most complaints are made the negroes are the ruling class and hold most of the ollices ot trust and emolument. Senator Motion's theory in regard to the misgovern lueut of tbe Smith is a very comfortable One. lie holds tbat it is due to the unfitness of the negroes to rule; and the unfitness of the negroes to rule isduetotb fact that the Southerners held them in slavery; ergo the mismanagement of Southern affairs is due solely to tho Southern people. This kind of argument is by no möana complimentary to tbe intelligence of tbe people of Terre Haute. It is tbat well known material called flap doodle, and is defined as the stuff that fools are fed on. Does not Senator Morton feel himself in any degree responUbie for tbe overthrow of civil government in' Louisiana, and the maintenance of a set of usurpers in power? Could ho not with his own individual strength have put an end to that monstrous Iniquity if he had resolutely set himself to work to kill it? The fact of the matter is that the republican paity is pledged, a.s Senator Morton lsclares, "by its history, by itsBacred pricc'ples, to stand fiithfttlly by the ",0001 too of newborn freeman," and the consequence is that it forgets that the white pep!eot tbe South baveany rights wh!-h the negroes are bound to respect. If the democrats arc tyrannical and mean for their propensity to trample on the blacks, the republicans certainly deserve as liens a leprotation for their insistent determination to trample on the whites. The senator puts his argument n the temperance question in an interrogative form, as if he were a little doubtful oa the subject himself. On the live "ent taxation proposition, however, he speaks dth greater confidence. In all the discussions f this question one ugly fact remains untouched, namely, tbat the democrats did get along with a five cent levy and left $703.000 in the treasury, while the republicans spent more than they could raise aad had to lorrow to make up deficiencies. Tho figures deduced simply show that a republican administration will spend more than a democratic one, and needsa heavier rate of taxation. But what is the use ot casting blame- on the more frugal minded men on account of that discrepant? Oa tho subject of reciprocity with Canada

land free tradu M" Morton takes very low-

ground, and as tbe h ubject is too large a one to discuss in a paragryDb, it may simply be eaid that tbe pretense tb"1 there is no differ enceletween a tariff for prtk tection.and a tariff for revenue is an assnnaptkO" of innocence too childlike and Maud for . veteran congressman. Tho closing portion of the p?.ch is taken up with two themes, different iv subject matter. yet uniform inteodencv. TVy constitute the centralisation planks in the trueture. Tho first is Mr. Morton' favor ite scheme for an election of president and vice president by tbe people, thus ignoring t!s Sratos entirely. The second is the scheine for transferring the control of railroads to Ihe general government, thus overriding State authority, and putting into tbe hands or tbe administration another source of patronage and corruption. IT tbe plan proposed in the speech were adopted under the present contlitions of public morality, such a carnival of rascality would follow at Washington that even the moiety system, the anlorn contracts and the credit uiubilir would le lor- j gotten as trilles. The Senator ougbt to have advocated, while he was jilout it, the part-base of tho telegraph lines, the alsorption of the express business, and the running of all the millinery shoos. OrKMuizlaj; Victory. The call issued by the Democratic Central Committee of Illinois last week was intemled especially to promote the uniou ot all elemeuts of opposition against the present debauched and dangerous administration. It is addressed to I etnoerat?, Liberals and all other opponents of the Republican partv, and tbe committee, believing "tbe opposition to Republic in in i rule can harmoni ously unite' on tbe principles announced, e arnestly solicit tbe free cooperation of all men regardless of past political affiliations. The design of the call is tberefoie w'se and liberal, appeiliug to tbe patriotism of all men. The terimof lhacall are, thonghclear and definite, yet broad enough to em brace the political convictions of tho majori ty of the people. The Democrats of Illinois desire to promote tho following purposes: First. Tin- restoration of scold and silver an the basis of the currency ol the country, the sneedv resumption of specie payment?, and the payment of all national iunchtedncKs in the money recognized by the civili.ed world. ss?nd. Tree commerce. Third. Individual liberty aud onnosition to sumptuary laws." r oiirtn. KtRia restriction of the governments, both State and national, to the legitimate domaiu of political power bv ext-laciins th-m from all executive and legislative. inttrialddllug with affairs ot society where monopolies are fostered, ana privileged classes aRKraudized, and individual freedom nnneccssariiy and oppressively restrained. Hfth. ihe rl?ht and duty of a S täte to pro tect ita clti.f ns from exortiou and uniust dis crimination by chartered monopolies. It may be assumed as certain that a presi dential candidate will go into the field next year on this platform, or one very like it, and it becomes the duty of all men and all newspapers, that consider politics something more than a mere struggle Wtween the its and the out, to advocate these principles and unite the people around them. The vigorous and persistent assault which has been kept up on the Hepublicau party lor the last ton Ot Ulievcs to if foundations, ol thieves to if l.at nothing has K-eu constructed to lake its place. The season for mere wanton destruction has patsl away and the time to organize has come. Tbe call to the Illinois Democracy forms a lair basis for such organization. It is not only good in itstlf but it possesses that supremo political virtue o"f being at the same time feasible. It will command the support of the whole democratic party of the Kastern and Middle States for all its principles, .Pennsylvania, perhaps, rejecting tbe free trade plank. Tbe party in the west and south w III also, in the mass, adopt it, and in some se-tions like Indiana may readily be eduCjtecf up to it. The scattered remnant of opposition severed from tfc republican pirty two years ago will unite on it, and multitudes of discontented tree trade and hard money republicans who have been baDgiug to their patty ruerely by the eyelids will forsake it for such a platform. They would more tlun make up for tha lew dem ociats like Dan Voothees, who may desert to the othr silo. For the necessity of such a party, whether called democratic or republican, the republican address epeakt strongly "A party" better than either, lof.ier in its aspirations, wiser in its method?, bolder in its endeavors, is unquestionably desirable. Such a party might be attained, if the wis?, the upright, and the 'patriotic in the democratic ranks would unite themselves with the like iu the republican organization." It is time for people generally and editors in particular, to consider whether it is better to continue the dingcrous experiment of governing the country by means of the present corrupt organization, controlled to some extent by newspaper criticism and the dread of popular opinion, or to effect a change by means of ominary political machinery. The New York Tribune, for instance, affects to look upon politics and party discussions with lof.y contempt. It's censures have, to be sure, done a good deal toward exposing and restraining rascality in high places; but with the recent history of the republiean party on the matter of press criticism in view, is it safe to assume that the newspapers will be left capable of curbing tho party much longer if it wins another triumph ? The Tribune and other journals of like character will find that it is time to drop the role of lofty cynicism in regard to politics, and take a firm hold for what they think the right. Rumor whispers tbe betrothal of Lieut Col. Fred. Grant the first engagement iu which he has taken put, we believe. NewYork World. A lady of Providence, R. I., who is to yeara old, remembers that a short tuna feeforevthe year ISOO, Walter Allen, of Union Village, R. L, was married to Lucy Buffam. The bride wore a silk dress entirely of her ova make. She tended the bilk worms, reeled the silk from the cocoons, tpun it, dyed it, Ove it, and mads the drtss. It was a heavy-iibbed, dark brown silk. Pieces of it are carefully treasured by members of the family, and it was said to have been the lirst eUk nunufactuxed iu this country.

MORTON'S SPEECH. OMC! rni fir.it ixrge.

T.rÄ,."1 w democratic mi! i.i. Tr, T.T.I . .1 filwn tn order t n,?!.1.1?:.11 tariff. hould be were not nH ,mPoed articles which rnoJ? Lf?tnd coy not Produced in the hPleX.:J?J "We. a. tea and beproduaed in the I nHed states were to Z putaTk Doln?ao,Ur,ff U?a 'h Ä pui at a point so lor as not to afford protection ncle. Jt Ha insdstd that if tbe tartrt eaTe pro&?lln P.tJon it would SimÄ ' . 'jint-B wuicii were or coiilJ ??rUUon and 'by diminish tlie nne to tbe government. ve"o obvious tbat a tarlft-levied nrm i lV. unit w .Pna-

fo!innr?,om.Vr;,!led,no,t ,n ,h n'rtst ofSUr's that on other., and there a rÄ iIifl .?p"?mi monopoly, biX avas loa fiord lair Fnycircuwtancewblca. wooid uakrahin

brin ?aiSÄ IL tH !3rlE? Um cowpetition to brintfaoont reduction of price to ih peonle and u is noon this nH.-winiL ti.o. X' ' JSvil'l'

J ..ireu ivrcr; mule (lie roa. THE JARGON Of FREE TRADE. Ilovr utterly senseless Is tili largo of free traae wtaen ad vertUed to tbe ppieliviix In the issipppi vatiey, far away from toe sea ert ctit sea port. However ru o .v . . . raciUti,- iortransjorUitio may bee roe for our S r,, !?r Ms durance can . ....... ?,.u, auKX iraiif-ponatiun raust always be itreat obstaclo ,..1 tT.li 7 r -. "i" 1 riere 1 ; iiiisreat vnt- . . " lur usuininsi a vast population and almost every variety ot industry I""- Mwsession, now unwise it isiocultlvate a policy which is to make us detendent upon foreign, distant and costly mattet foe our productions, and to import from other u countries tuose articles which we can better produce or. .-selves. Xow.whuMhe time has ecirae lor thedevelcnementof thertSO,u,8wud mdaaineaof e Vest, and Tor the establLsbraent of our prosperity upon sure fonndations, aud to obtain tbat commercini annri SÄÄ advantages give vis, if , ----- - v iu7ui, wrsremei wira I lie insane cry of ire trad, and advisel to thiow down every protection to home industry, to put the labor of our eountry upon a level in price vuu nignuy Wiin me pauper laltor of Kurope. O rill Tf at4ni a Anaa. .I . .' V n Will f h tsxnvrannw X I a . " i. .. k mj iiiciiv ui inouie to ioreign conn'rl1. The Htates ot the Northwest have ceaod to be regarded as mere outl vine- vt?-Lnh! truek palely to furnish the martcedn csi ol tbe rilituv aisasl in aI. a I.i ' v""r neuer TJiiiuiuuines oi ine t-ist, and have beme opulent, nowerful and lutein communities, capable of forming their own policies, and becoming by the development tl wieir resources oi i ne most Independent and yiwinawM amuug ine otatcs, LKTTHB PEOPLE VOTE FOR PRESIDENT DlR1X7T, Another question of paramount importance rising high above ordinary political considera tion, is tlie proposition to amend the constitu tionsoaa to elect the president and vice g :rei aent oy ine direct vote of the people. Tlie dan gers and imperfections of the present system are wen understood, and may plunge the nation into civil war at any time. The theory and reasons for the establishment ot the electoral colleces have all tat the colleges are but useless machinery, potent vuij iur iiiiM-iii'. taeciors oetng chosen by generai ticket ln all the 8tates, a small majority may determine the who; e vole of a fctff nri this has often been controlled by the fradulent voi in a large eiiy, nm-m was the case in ew York lu ist. There Is no prove-lou in any Htate for contesting tha electicn of president al electors, however not-rious thn fraud or vir lence by which they may have been cbo-en. If iiu l auuiimiB rtw vve ine vote or a majority cf the wnole number of electors, then tho' of presid nt is to be made by the House of titpreseuiauves, in which each State has one voie; .Nevada, with i,tHM poop e, having the KHiiievoieas rnew iora wiin a,uuu,iOti. Such an election of Drehident is aati-renuhlii an an Bvlv inequitable, presents the grandest opprtunities iur corrupLiou nn lnirijue. ana is Irauht with imminent danger to the republic. In isj j Mr. Adams, who had received less than one-third of the popular vote, was elected pres. nieui vi uiu xKMi.se oi iippreseni.niv4 orcr treu. Jiu:kwn, who had received alarse plnralily ...ti... . ...... .. i . . . . . . . vi ...a mm electoral vote, jn mis elec tion Mr. Clay, as a member of tho House, cast his vote ana influence for Air. Adams, afterward became his secretary of slate, and never recovered f.oni the charges of bargain aud sale, in the only other election of president by th House of Representatives, In 10I, Mr. Jefferson was chosen after :i protracted strnpgle running through many days, and it is now a well established historical lact tliat three States linaily changed their voU; to Mr. Jefferson, gl vinsr htm the election npon an undtrstanding in regard to measures and the retention of certain persons in oilice, which would now be regarded as mipt. The path of duty Is the patn of safety. VVe should brush away tbeelecioilal machine.-y aud the election by the House of Uepreseutatlvf s.aud cboose the President and Vice President by the direct vote of the people, giving the elect j,n n the candidate who has tht iiiguest number of votes. COXTROI. I U" UAILRO OS. The power is iven to Congress by the constitution "to reu ula U; coiamere among Ih several .states, and whatever is necessary to exe cute the power must be lncluied in It. . If commerce can not le. soccettsfully rcsulated without regulating the means of transportation the Instruments by which it Is condncted, then the power to regulate these must he lEclud'-d. Of course, this i, to b understood as nr.plica.ble only to oommerce among the several Stales and not to apply to that which is exclusively confined to the interior o one ttare. llatiroads have bow - becme the instruments by which the greater part of commerce is carried on among the he veral States, and have, to a great extent, superceded not only rivers and canals, but also stages, wagoo and horses. 'There are few lines of railroad now that in their connections and consolidations have not become parts of lines engaged In commerce Among the ne veral States. Although railroad companies, like steamboat companies, are chartered by the htates, yet, ln most cass, they are authorized to form consolidations and running arrangements with lines of railroad in other stares aud to take leases of roads in other States. Most of these corporations own - and control lines of road innning into or across ad Joining states, and several either own or have leased thousands of miles of . oad, stretching far north and south, and half way across the coml neat. These great lines of railway, thus ramifying the Cnion and affecting the interests and prosperity of the States, ae under the control of small boards of directors In Philadelphia, New York or Baltimore, aud chiotly ruled by a few leading minds that really exei t more power over the nation than governors or presidents. REGULATIONS SHOULJJ BE USIKORM. Whether we consider the interests of the railroads or of the several Htates through which they pass. It seems equally Important that they Bhould be subject to uuiorni regulations wnirh ran only be secured luationalcantrol. if the through lines from theAtlant e to the Mississippi may be rcgualated in one way by Ouis another by ndiaa, and i-till another by Illinois, they may becoxe the victims of unfrkndly legislation, and be gteatly crippled and hindered in their operations; aud each Htate, acting for its own Interest, may not consider thoteof other Steles, and may regulate against tbern. if each State may regulate within its own territory those roads employed in InterSlate commerce, we may have reproduce 1 some of tbo e disorders and conflicts which eaisiedbetwepnthe Stats before the eoustltnticn whs fo med. True, tho railroad companies de rive their power from ;he state charters, but tfcey must accept their franchises upon the con dtlion that if they engage ln coumexce among tho several States, they will he RUhject to the power of regulation which was vested In tjongress by the constitution, 10Dgbf.re any railroad -harter was granted. It is hardly too much to fay mat Ihe several Si a tea can not. acting separately, reiiutate efficiently these snvat lines of transportation, ln which so many States and toruru unities are interested. WHAT REOCLATIONS'AKE SB WAUV. As io what regulations would b necessary, it would be left to the discretion of Congrcs-, sub ject t- the reat-lcllous la tbe cinHtltuUon.'TUese restriction relate to uniiarmny ot ice regulations that is, that no advantage t-r preference snail bo shown to one state over another. Uniformity aud equal dealing with tbe P3UPle of I'll the States are impressed upon ail the powevs given by Congress, so that they be not used for the oppression of one part the nnun I u-r .-.. tha ri T.Knild i r.F nf AnaLhftr. Cheapness and unl foxionyof operation, speed, convenience, promptness and safety, all point ta connected roads and through lines ; and theee, throughout their length, should be governed by uniorm methods and laws. The railroad interest is so vast, and so ultimately atlects the business progress and comfort of every community, that it is of the utmost importance, not only to the people but to the shareholders, that it be ux

der the u'rectlon of general laws, and as far as possible blended m o an harmonious whoie Ihe supervision and control of inter-Htate railroads by ConTrefs would lve rie to a numbVr of regulations 4 ookiuK to ibe safetr of paeBpers, regularity f Irainc, uniformity of operaUon, connection, inspection of track, bridges, and locomotives cars. et ui.ri i urnJ

other particulars tending to promote the safety, eülcie-.icy and development of tbe Tai I rr.rul r;.m nf . v. interest and convenience" of tho iw.ni B COMMVfciSIGSERS TO TRZVEST -ABUSE. Trt it Is iot pomible far Ongreas to enact generU laws establishing uniform rates for frei&M and p.ngers upon all later-State rail roads, S too clear for argament. Thes rate must neresanly vary on different read and in different parts of th country. Tbe r-f oreowKtruction and of fecpinc np and opera Ids; nom.y roads U r.uch greater than ot-bers. I'pou ecmn m i aies prefer and neceary, that we may a Mme at once Ui.t uniform rates for freight ami riwsengers car not beestabrthe4. Bat it Feen to irsMobe clearly withtn tlie power of eVm.ws, r. tobera-?l-able, otaNu-b. boards ot rilioadcomuiisonersto 1 vnnetf with certain !,1e.n,t?.;?v''r3v',i,.bv KPMni ivgulatlctj, witoin which they sba:ibave the cower to upere and rerwlotc tl rate for jsricht asd passengers upt i int-r-s.t? ralros so in prevent unjust discriminations betwirVn diff.rent i Tcalitlcaor elaasea l i a rsons, to prevert combinations between ra Jroad mrpora.tiui.8 an i oilier persons to twit lint hi nrlc. nf iviiit. passeacer 'farts; :p'eventrailro.id corixatk.nfrom talnj; alvajitzs cf the obstruction of lakes, rivers anc'suals. by fnva or by low water, to put vro treiirWa am tn.nJ yond 'hat wonfci U- a reaf ormb, fair, and bmiest tro!tt : and in irt vent extortions act IniDositiooa i ri:n.l compan- wpon the peolo of thr roiiutry, however atterrpt4d to Ue crar.t-yd. TLer Hbonld be reouiretl i iUui r, -.. j fairly bei wreu the rop4eof t lie country o ihe one hand, and the raUroad .-omixusles or the other, so that the ralltostj companie ball hve the full enjoyment and jirotectjon ot Uielr remaerty. and be alio we. to rwp.t nw izir conniensation as will raakn fall aud reatonatte iui lae rar.iiM.iKui, latr and rponnsblll.y emp!-yctl-thes resulta t be crrivea a under auch rales aainav ho r,r-t, ln, i adopLetl by ihe lards radroafiominlssione.-w for their golSance Th Interests and rlifhtaoC all parties Rhoiud be p.-Mected with-eq aal are and vigtlan-,the railroad companies to-te lefaln the contro.of their nrswrtr u f r - w etinsistcnt wl.h public interests, and nottobesuterfered wltl. ly these boards or raUroad-oom misioners except in clearcases. .i,It.h,alHn d,claet bydte üaprom Court or the United tstates that railroad companies arw common carriers, as defied by the common lw, which, by i he common law are required trsarry for all persons and at reasonat.le rales: snt the lowers which I proitos- ghall be conferred upon tbtse boards of raltrosMl mmm uinnt.ru. are no greater or other Ihn a thoe w'ricO now belong to the courts to renulate and control com -raon carriers, but would be exeieistd in a summary manner, so as to inako thom riunt n coutrolinjf the conduct of tbeae common carriers MOW FAR THE STATES CAN H.. Ea( h Slat may regulate and control eommereewhich is purely internal to itself, and all therallroada tranKr'Iog nuch commeiee. without interference by Conjress, and may, doubtless, ia the alsence of congressional legislation make regulations fr all commrce that pass ae ons or over any part or its territory, provided anch regulations do not Impose burdens npon Interstate commerce, and make no naiustdisorimina tioni. Hut, all Kiuh regulaUons as atlect Inter-State commerce, however meritori ouj lu their character nr iniiniinn. mast yield to the lesislalion of tI eress. A s,tate Can not le restrained in the regulatiou of oommerce which la purely iatrnal to Itself, except by Its own constitution, or the pro- -hibitions in the constitution of the United State?. The n-cent decision of tho t i rrn i t Cnrt of the rnlted Htates. hitting in Wisconsin, that the provision in the const itutiou of that HLau. Ktvius to the licsislature the .ower t alter or repeal the charters of corporations, is necessarily a part of every charter, of which thy corporator and all persons dealing with such corporations mus-. take notice, ree02rdy.es a piiocipnl of law s- familiar and 10 obvious tßat I am astonished icai me uecisitin hiiouid oe. received with eur prtse : It Is plainly to be seen that rerv difficult questions may arise toucbir giho exerrf.eof 'aiioTiai am -state antnority noon this subject, especially in tin retralation of railroads tbni mr af. the K.ine Urne engay.il in tli irmuiiorialioii of , of i n ter-rst ate com merce, an d of cor tnerce pu re) v ' nternal to a State, hut It is not x cevsarv tn at. . t-m pt now to anticipate these ooo tlictn. A k i l,-v . aris from time to time, they will befnllv dig-: ussd and Ba lsfactory solutions for them" m il 1 be found. MO.KllATlN NECKSSARV. The principles which I have enunciated will e sufficient lu practice to enable Congress iu - one cae, or the State in another, to protect the people and 11m business- of tho country from oppression by capitalists, combinations. . or corporations. l.ut ibe eople of the urates otiouM remember that while t lie railroads have their abuses wMcK ought to be corrected, yet hey are IndinpenFable V3 me gniw in niiu pnjpcriiy oi ine country tnd the coiisitructioi of more lrwm important from year to year; and tbat capital is timid, and men will not invest tltelr money ln building new roads,, if legislation is had whereby rajlre:ul property is made less valuable or secure. Uivat mcxterHTioii should tw cxcrctMed and care taken that legislat iou should be aimed only nt ral abuse's und lntericreas lit tie as possible with the eontrol of the railroads by their owner, so, that there le no discouragement to the smn-u-uctiou of new ruad and the extension uf ita-s system. THE COMIXO yüESTIOX. The great problem of incr-aascd hd.1 etveaper transDortatlon is one to which the re-pubUcan. party must address itself with conraao and on. ' tirios industry until it is mil-red It urutt of its purpose duilu th lat nes-ib.n of Uon-fresa oy cuurrins into inose preiiminarv icvesti'jatiocs that must precede the tvettb nient of ?o erea a question. When we consider the vast lnrcaseo. the 1 rtHiiicliona- f the Wrrdur: the " :t ten years, and that the rrvan of tranwrtation are baroty adequate to- met-t preseut demands, we may form some oniniou of th in. created fticiiUies that will be noesaarv ten yeai-s hecce. To make transportation cheaper is a matter in which the people are almost eooa'y Interesied hast.W est. North and South, ami la of national concern. The improvement of the navigation f tbe Mississippi river is of deep interest to more thsn a dor-en States of which n.na a is oae, and was much eousid - red at the -r-t. session of t.'ODg ess. aud will doobllesa ba , deflnitely acted upon at the next. hf feasibility of the improvement of other great water 1 neu of transportation 111 me est,.NorUieast and south, iu which the people of Indiana are interested. Is beinstboronfchly investigated. Theiinnortarca " of tao transptartalion estion ruust ioereas irom uecaue to u.catie, ana im no vhm. ia Its proportions that it will rf quire years for Its olution: but the repu!linn psirty ha addressed it self to the task, and w ill not pans until the way has been fouti out and acconif-ühed; whl'e tbo ' demtcraiie party will doubtless continue to de vote its vast -nerie to devitunic ways and means to prevent the social eauaHiv of tha n. groes and to the enlargement of the school fund by fostering the traüic of intoxk-atiDS liquors by the licenaa system. t'oxcLcsioy. In crinclusion, f am proud to say that while the lepub'.'ean party may have erred. It has not proved fals to any great principal, nor cowardly . in the preseu-e of any great question. Its aims. are noble ana patriotic, and itdfo; not Keek &. continnaitee of power by paidering to vice and pn jv.aiee, out reu rs 10 us past leeoru or great. nionsin behalf of the I nion.of liberty, eucci ion, eona ity and 'he material erowt i and Im provement of the nal!nuju an earnest of what 14 . s.-eks to accomplish in the future. And ther nasi be no cessation lu lsiabersrit mus not presume to live iion tlieglorit-s and nwnsar.e ; f the pst. Its llrst aud ever-pTes taa:y is ln roopwction, selt-exunilntion. Iii "orrertion of errors, the introduction or worms, is mm kok to ihe execution an:l enforcement of the constitution and laws; nd while averting the existence of the naii'i ni tha Just, powers of he .National tiovernroeni, it iuouiq ever he icilant to preserve, in all their jnst extent the rights ad powers of the statc-s, evtj caxrying Itefore it, lamp to guide It nteps those- great fiiHflameutal piinclpies which have given to the party its power and glory crjuil lights to all yuai ana exactjustice to a:i mea Buflalo liill lsft this morning f.)r Crrinnc, where ho will mct a party of fjnr weal; by Englishmen, to pVkvfc tbem thro jh six week's hunt. Mr. Tuomas Mmliav i.e bt ad of the party is rn-. f iho Wchit gentlemen in England, and be. wirh h!a companions, are In tha Yosetnite VaMf y trday. "Wild Rdl'wo has hen killed so of-' ten Dy t tie newspa pers, but -t byes, will aid Kullalo ßill ia entertaining tha Ei plish millionaires, who will, umlouMol'v, iiUraliy compensato them for th r rtirr iVri rendered. Omaha Bee, July id '