Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 23, Number 46, Indianapolis, Marion County, 23 June 1874 — Page 6

THE INDIANA STATE SENTINEL, TUESDAY, - JUNE 23, 1874.

6

THE DAIRYMEN. BUTTER vsO EGOS.

TIIE NATlOJkAt. ASSOCIATION. FIRST D Y8 PROCEEDINGS ORGANIZATION AND PRELIMINARIES PRESIDENT AD DHU- SPEECH or Mil. X. A. W1LLAUD.O JJOORK'S r.l'RAL SEW TOKKIR. At the first coming together at Masonic Uall Wednesday moruing.there were present not lees than 3X) persons, consisting of men practically interested in tbe manufacture, - nandlirg and marketing of butter od egg!, from all parta of the United State?. The assembly consisted of as fine looking a lody of men äs ever assemble on any occasion. At 911 c ock tbe convention was called to ' order by tb president of the association, Mr. Daniel W. Dke, of ltelit. Win.; Mr. K. P. Wells, secretary, of Milwaukee, Wis., 1 read tbe minutes oi the lat meeting held at Bek.ii, Wis., Msrch :t, 17. A report of ( tbe ccmmtttee on constitution at d by-laws was. presented ly Mr. Eager, of . JJbgaiisport, Indiana. Alter tbe reading of the report. Mr. I-;, l). Monier, or mitimore, moved to consider tbe report n narate , clauses, which was seconded by S. W. Lester, . of Jackson, Michigan, and adopted. Considerable difficulty was ex perienced in fixing ' on a name lor tbe association. It was finally, after considerable discussion ritcided tu be , tbe '-National Butter and Eg Association." Dr.T. B. Elliott, ot ludiuaiolM, on behalf of the JVwird of Trade and Real Estate Excharge of th's city, presented an invitation ' to tbe convention od tbe pros to accept tbe service of carriage to inspect the. city at their conveneiKfr. The invitation wan accepted aaaniutousl3. Mud tbe lime for tbe excursion was set at 4 o'clock tbis (Thursday) afternoon. A rectus was taken to give nv mlr an rpjrtunity to ray ;th membership fee of one dollar and obtaiu tickets. Alter tbe recess uu tu tbe time of adjournment for dinner,the convention was occupied with tbe constitution . and by-laws and no business of public interest was transacted. There were noticed among the members in tbe convention a great number of substantial btisiness men Irom various commercial prints. As tiuny i as forty from New York came on one train, and Philadelphia was largely represented ' Joy such well known merchants as J. M. j"ilbrough, of Oilbrougb and IJrown, Mr. . Trainer, of Giaharu and Tram er, acd . W.W.Jone, all commission merchant of standing who case to tbe convection for thj purpose of looking at the channels of commerce a little with re'erenco to the city of tbe Centennial. Among the representative rommifs on dealers of New York, are Mr. J. C. Ie La Vergne, ot Da I -a Vergne v uare.j. b. uecb-oid, ci . Miner V. Son, and Mr. Jams Anderson, of Dunn A Anderson, 1m sides many others wLf9 names oould tot be obtained. Mr. Fiward L. Kemp, ot Baltimore, was made first vice rresiaent as will t-e seen below. Mr. Daniel T ra xk a a toii riim Ilia Ciiiia t v l.Vi-tvi i T M i " " iv .w v J . I I VIII T ..I :ll A I I I j , . . .1 ljuuiviiit Jin. iiuuii i . ukicr irjHjiHu, and Sr. Paul sent Mr. W. A. Van Slvse. J. 4J.Uoffin.aii represeuts St. L ui.s, aud Chicaz has C. F. Ihxter, Jesse Clement, of the Inter Oaean. and other. The IMveuport (Iowa) G tte is brilliantly brought to the front by Colonel Hob Littler, who gave tbo , Indianapolis exp hitiou of la.ni. year awurin tide auu fiir snowing in tbe great Not to west through tbe i!i7.tte' column?. Indiana Is not without her himpioi.s of butter and eggs. Bat idea tbe home representation Mr S T, L-itr.i nf 1 .trn. nier, is on th ground with his celebrated IvUa Unit er Worker, and Mr. E. 'lveeve,al.so from Noble county. TLestaiea f . i M r . i. . . ...a.... t-. i ion uuu oli i v n, irn ui iiiD iiioiiy n uu iru iu tbe convention from ditrereut statt. AFTERNOON SESSION. Order was called at half past three o'clock and further details relating to the organizalion were attended to. It was decided to hold tbe nxt annual meeting of the Association at Chicago, and the tim fixed upon is the first WedcesdMy of Maren 1x7.. : There being soma vacancies of viee-preideuts, they wore filled. Telegrams from tbo Lutter and Cheese Exchange rem New York were announced and rtad. aud also a letter from " New York. An attempt was made to create a committee ou prize essays, but the subject "wai laid over till this moruing. A committee on fttiuUtfc wa f rmed, constituted as 'i follows: James Anderson. New York. chairman; Walker rairbt Id, of New lork; Daniel Pope, BaIii more; C. J. Piper, Charlotte, Mien.; Colonel H b. Lutler, Davenport, Iowa; C. V. Dex:er, (Tbicao; T. IJ. . F.lltiitt. Indiananolis: W. A. Van Slvke r. w PaiI; VV. W Jones, Philadelphia"; f.'eo. E. Monow, MAdison, Wi-.; J. O. Hoffman, St. Iiuis; John 15. 0:ter, Louisville; N. S. Long, Maysville, Ohio. A ivinmiLIA n( thrM u miilnln fiMiit-r with Mr. Oreene, manager of tbe National Crop Reporter, with a view to lurniahing . such information in that publication as will erve tbe purposes ot tbe association. An invito ion was formally extended to the Jiosrd of Trade awd Ileal Estate Exchange, tbiM city, to be present aud take part in the proceedings to morrow. At the instance of 'Colonel B b. Littler, a couple of luminous strings ot verse about the old brindle cow and kindred poetic themes to the infipite amusement or the audience. Mr. Kemp also presented a funny paper written by Mr. James II. Lot of Pittsburg,, concerning tbe delights ol dairy doings. At this point a call was made for a lew words from the president of tbe association, w ho responded in . due form. Here follows a portion ot the ADDRESS OP DANIEL V. BAKE. Tha subject of butter making considered in detail, would tx far from complete li we "--were to pass by unnoticed the aubjfctof stock and stock rafciug. Upon this point 1 will venture the assertion that, by proper care and judicious management even our brought to a state bordering on perfection. In tbis way the AyrBbire tbe Devons, the Durbams, tbe Gallwajs, tbe Jersejs and the Shorthorns have been brought to their present state of excellence I would not detract Irom them iu advising tbe breeder to improve the native stock, but would rather try to encourage them in breeding each type pure and distinct so far as possibly äaj through them raise to a bibber grade the native stock. Oar country is stocked with a grada ol tattlo which can be improved. The practical question is how to improve them. I will cite you to a better essay on this subject than I am capable of giving. It will be found in that book ot books where the story ot Laran, Li3 aaunbier uacbaei, and servact Jacob is so beautifully told. It will inten t you all to read it. It savors of romance, of love and of earnest, serious life, and is es practical to-day a-i it was then. The dairyman who carefully studies the policy tf Jacob may learn of, and like him become, rich in flock and herds. If it Is dosired. ro have cattle ring streaked aud epeckle.Lshe'ep brown and goats spotted, pome Jacob biust oe that when they go todrink that they do not conceive from the weak, tho black or any other than the riDg streaked boll, 'the brown ram or the spotted bot-k Thu'law of nature is as true to -a ay as it was then aid if tbo in.- oi lari'.era would very ..-vcii.ii. r improve '.neir Rtock more care musi oe taker, by them. A good uu a time any mora to leeU KUd kfct-p ir.an a o.M.r one. Th dif. ference in tbe v) ae f ti,elr product should be credited tojera, go much intere.st on her estimate valuation. To illustrate: II a cow s rUpy ield enough to pay her Way and D' , thin ir more she is worth r.nlv what she would bring 'ol tho butcher, it another jjelds a net profit of ?20 a vear more lhaiifr.er keeping, she is as good as f2U0at

interest ; if 940 more than her keeping, she is worth as much as $400 at interest. Still, farmers are sometimes so negligent of their own interest as to nell their best cow for mere trifle more than one that is nearly worthless. One cow of a herd may be dear at $20, another cheap at flJOO. Difierent cows in the same herd, with same feed and treat ment everyway, otten vary 100 per cent, in their protiu. Weed out the poor, perpetu ate tho good.

IM POUTED CATTLE or cattle taken into an entirely different cli mate from that in which they were bred, seldom show the same degree of excellence as they Ts?e8s at home unless given special care. No animal should be required to drink water which tbe owner himselt would reiu?e, and especially so if that animal is the cow from which you hope to make good butter. It is sufficient on tbis point to say that pure water is an indispsnsable article to tbe success of the dairyman, for good butter or cheese cannot be wade where good water cannot be obtained. The best food for most animals should" be so mixed as to approach as nearly as possible to the chemical properties of milk, and especially so tor tbe cow. Milk mast go in at tho mouth if yon would draw it from the adder. The practice of cooking or steaming food has been demonstiated to be of great utility. Home contend that the returns are notcotnmersurAte w ith the outlay ot muscle aud money. They are usually men, however, who study their own convenience and comforts and consider them of more importance than all other matters combined. In connection with tbe subject of leed the pasture holds a very important position. No one variety of grass, however valuable, can alone fill tbe requirements ot a first class pasture. A variety that in May Mooms in its prime and juicy sweetness, vitbers and fades in July, liecomes brown and woody in August, and" ere the frosts of September, decays. Most grases are congenial in their natures, and in order to secure a good turf, ever fresb, ever green, through all the warm months, several varieties of seed muit i ued. An early variety shades tbe tender coining plant of a later one Irom the scorchingravsol the sun, which would suck the lifo sap from it, a;id when its prime is spent, in decay, nourishes it. Iu their turn the later varieties shade the roots of those before them, as the dutiful child, remembering the muy kindness received in youth, returns them again to their giver. And when the last varieties are iiiped by the frost, they too, tpread their protecting folds above all those before them, from tbe chilling blasts oi the coming winter; and in case they should not give sufficient protection to insure a certain return In their order another season, kind nature has provided that above them shall bespread a pure and virgin white mantle of snow. In this connection, it will net beout of plaie to t-poik ot tethering, as it is useful in economizing feed or makir g a less number of eres hupport a greater number of cattle. Tbe advantages gained are so apparent, that lo simply mention a few of them w ill suffice. HTNRKDSOF UOoLARS inn le saved alone in the item of fencing, which to the West ii a great tleKideratum. No one of yon would think of alio wins your cattle to roam at will through your fields ot wheat, or rye, or corn, even if so rimzzlnl so that they could not eat of it. Why ? Simply 1 1st they would tramp it down and destroy it. You should not allow thetu to trampie itud destroy the pasture for the same reason. And turther,if they do not need the whole pasture, pirt can thus bo mowed, cured and preserved for winter use. If the pasture tdjows signs of failure, so that the stock are likely to lose in liest, ceding should be resorted to at once, aud not wait for snow fall; for what is lost to tho aoiinal at that sea son of tie year is next to impossible tob? regained through the indeueucy of winter. I bear you to consider atw ot the many advantages of soiling or half soiling. 1 am fully convinced that no branch ot farmiug pays a better dividend. Sweet corn sowed or, whit is better, drilled in rorcsso that the cultivator can pass between, stands first in favor with the greater number who practice eolJing. Olhcr kinds of corn, sorghum, oats, peas, etc., are each good in a degree, to supply the shortcoming' of the pasture in July and August, while the residue if any is left more than isnee.1ed.and there always should be, lor it is a lwttrr crop than hay can bo cored ond preserved for winter's use. The time for putting in the seed is immediately after planting. The comfort aud " quiet ot the cow is essential to good milk. A buse, the annoyance ct llies, racing by children, worrying by dog, etc., tend to heat the blood, "create a feverish condition, and so impair tho quality of milk. A quiet repose beneath some shady tree, or, w hat is butter, a col stable so constructed as lo give ample fresh air without a draft, where the weaker ones lie unmolested by tho strong, where with screens the flies are excluded, where the cow can chow her cud iu peace, and reraasticate her food in quiet contentment; where, after fillin herself, she can repair through tbe heat ol the day, to promote her health, is very essential to good milk. Perfection in the art cf butter making is to be acquired only by patient, persistent, preserving care, in its every detail. Tbe milk should be drawn by the same careful, cfeaoly person, at ragu far hours, night and morning. At tbis point I propose to digress somewhat from the usual manner of handling the milk in tbe West, and institute a radical change. On the sni ject of milk I spoke at some considei able length at our meeting in Bnloit. and aUo intimated this proposed change. I then said, in substance, let any one or more persons as many as can work handily together fix up a first class milk room and churning depot. Take your milk there, have it weighed, set, " skimmed, churned, handled entirely by one competent person ; take your butter so handled, as soon as churned, to a central depot to be worked and prepared for market by one competent person. He can pay you tbo cash for it. as I do, and take to'bis own account our work, tor a consideration or per cent. I know irom my own experience in tbe matter that butter so handleifyan ba sold for a good pronfcoV'r that bandud the usual way, and my faith is strong in lurther raising the grade 29 per cent, above what I can now at tain, if I can get tbe full co-operation of the farmer; go that all of the milk can be handled in the best manner known. Omy a few attain to that perfection which is possiiile, and they should have charge of the milk rooms and churning depots. I believe this svsteja, wbicn in many respects is similar to the CHBESS FACTORY SYSTEM properly carried into eflecty will be more popular among the farmers than thatffor mtuiy reasons, among which are: 1st. The cost on first outlay need be but trilling in comparison with a cheese factorv. 2d. The product of a small number oftows can he worked as well as a large number. 5d. The depots can be located at or near thP farm w'oere the cows are kept. 4th. Heine; near by, the milk can bo deliv ered h1 returned with less expense. 5th. The sour milk is of gwat value for feeding, whereas whey is not. KJ'.h. Under the charge of a competent per ton, with better conveniences than would bo obtained singly, a finer grade of butter would be produced. 7th. A great amount of labor will be saved to the farmers' wives. Sth. A large number of depots, massing their product at some central depot, could com man ! better prices for it than ü operat ins singly. 9th. A growing reputation would follow them, and the butter consuming world

would know whereto find butter at a smaller expense than now, tnd would be able to pay more. 10th. Larger lota can be disposed of to dealers to a better advantage than small ones. They could not be induced to travel from New York, or Philadelphia, or any distant market, to buy one dairy of butter, but would come by tbe dorens to such a depot. , The sun should never be allowed to shine on butter or a package containing butter. More butter is injured from tbe farm housi to the village store and in transportation by careless, unthinking or willful parties, than from all other causes combined. The farm er has an easy and effectual remedy, an old umbrella for a shade, green grass or wet flannels or any other substitute whereby a rapid evaporation can be eflecUd for the cooling arrangement, and you can carry yonr butter for miles to market in good condition. As to the transportation to eastern markets, it is to be hoped that no eflorts will be spared by the different lines, nor as far as science, money and proper attention to the subject is concerned,omitted by them, for while tbe farmer's prosper they will, and they cannot long prosper unless the farmer does also. Farmers of our glorious republic, your own prosperity and the prosperity of the nation is in your keeping. If you take tbe proper view of your position in society, act to tbo full measure of tbe knowledge within your reach, success shall attend you. Up"n your success depends that of every other calling, profession, trade or science. On you,as a foundation,tbey will build. Within you, among you, and of you, they are. Without you, tbeir glory and power depart. It is for you to make others serve, that you in turn may serve. Finally, in the name of tbe whole country , and "each individual member of this association, and personally iu my own name, as an humble one ot that number, permit me to tender to the press" many thanks for their efficient service, so freely given. EVENING SESSION. ADDRESS OK MR. X. A. WILLARD.

The convention met at S o'clock, and after a few preliminaries, the principal exercise was introduced. Mr. Willaid spoke as follows: During tbe last ten years there has been great activity of mind in tbe direction of dairy manufacturs. A most remarka ble spirit of investigation and inquiry has been awakened among the cheese and butter makers of Ameiica, in handling milk and in manufacturing dairy goods, a spirit beyond parallel in any former age of the the world. What iuen these large assemblies oi men in various states and Canada? Simply that dairy manufacturers have emerged from the old slough that has for ages held down the agriculturists aa a class. They have learned a better way, mid are not content with following blindly a set of rules without knowing the reason for them. Our dtiry conventions are doing more for progressive agriculture than tbe whole race of farmers following other branches. They have given an hnrctus to agricultural thought which is beginning to be felt. Men in ail the learned professions are now attevtivo listeners at our conventions. Another featurof gieat importance is the mouldiog ol public laste lo a better appreciation of agricultural pursuits. Men of learning are giving their energies to these problems. 15ut while the cheese and butter-makers have ii lido great progress, the milk producers have nt mtde proportionate advancement, and they have complained, wi.h some reason, thst the di5cussions have teen too much devoted to the mauutatture rather than the prcductiuii of milk. I hae thought it best on this ocsaslon to devote ome lime to the discussion of milk production. The butter interest of the country has assumed immense proportions. I estimate tho annual butter product of the United States at 700,000 X)i) pounds. In 18'x it was a little over 3i:j.00u,0H pounds. Ten years later it had reached nearly .VW,(00o pound, the annual increase being about 20,000,000 pounds. In 18s0, if our population increases at the same ratio as during the las; decade we shall need IHW.OtiO.OOO pounds tr supply the demand in tbe United Statesalone. Our people are excessive butter eaters and there is no product which offers be.ter remuneration for extra care iu its production. In New York and other eastern cities extreme fancy butter is sometimes sold as high as a dollar a pound, aud upward. Supposo we put the whole product, good and bad, at an average of fifteen cents a pound, this would amount to ia,XO.000. At 20 cents it would be one hundred and forty million dollars, or thirty-riye million dollars gain by an improvement of live cents on the pound. At 2o cents, tbe product would be worth 17.000.000; at SO rents, $210 000.000, 40 cents, 20.000,000, and at 00 cents, &0,000,000. Js this point not attainable? I feelcertain that t lie assumption is within tbe bounds of probabilities, and if correct, the gain to the butter interest alone would be 1.",000,000. Any improvement then in butter manu facture must be a public benefaction. It adds to the wealth of individuals and of the nation. Tbe great difficulty In tbe war of success is the f LCK of knowledge. One of the most important questions to be understood is tho production of milk and its proper condition for manufacture. It is impossible to advance much further in the production of fine dairy goods without an improvement in the raw material. And there are some well-established general principles in regard to this. The fact is proved beyond doubt that the milk of cows anected only in a slizbt degree with certain ailments have caused disease and death to animals and to persons partaking of tbeir milk. Auain, fevers have been transmitted to healtby persons from tbe milk of healthy cows when tho milking has been done by nurses of sick people. Diseases have been traced to tbe use of impure water in cleaning the dairy utensils. These facts have been proved. Is it not time to bring them squarely before tho dairymen? Is it not right that such miik be rigidly excluded from that which is ueed for human con sumption? Farmers should be careful, as a duty, to weed out of their herds all weak or sickly-ii.lspoi.ed cows, and no milker should be tolerated who does not first wash bis - bands thoroughly w lta f oap and water, especially in families where any kind of sickness prevails. In the production of milk I think some points may be consider an settled first thai good grass is the natural food for milch cows, and therefor produces the best milk that the sweetest and best grass is produced on uplands or well drained soil?, and that pastures should beou scch grounds. That it is con ducive to tbe health and thrift of cows to pasture in oen field rather than in changing from week to week to different fields, that cows should have salt constantly within reach. An Important provisin is good. clean water for the stock. Nothing hss been more clearlv settled in dairy- practice than this that it is au utter impossibility to make good niilK. from bad water. And yet, hundreds of dairymen pay no attention to the matter. There is a law in some states against water Iva milk, but th jre is no law against him who poisons bis miik from day to. day and from week to week by compelling his cows to driDk from filthy pools. Butter dairymen ought to issue a printed circular, in which are certain questions to be answered, as follows: Do your cows feed in swamps and on boggy lands? Have you sweet ruuning water, abundant, permanent and convenient for stock 7 Have you shade trees for jour cows? Do you use dogs and

stones to hurry an tbe cows from pa tare at milking time? Do yon cleanse tbe udders of cows before milking by washing the cows' teats with their own milk, and practice further economy by allowing the drippings to go into the milk-pail? and other questions ot a similar character.. I am in favor also of Gall Borden's plan of sending a competent person to inspect every patron's premises at least once a month, and report the condition. I have to say a WORD ÄnOCT PASTURES. Old pastures, when the turf Is thickly sot with grass, will give better results In milk than recently seeded grounds. Tbe reason Is. there is a great variety of grasses afford ing a nutritious bite from week to week during the reason. Old pastures clear of weeds when the herbage is thick should not be broken up. Weedy pastures may be plowed up and reseeded as soon as possible, but grain crops should not be taken off lands to belaid down lor pasture.exhaas'ing the noil. Pasture and meadow lands require a different order of seeds. The seed should be in great variety, sown in great abundance and an - effort made to get a sward similar - to old grass lands. (The speaker named several varieties.) Experiments prove that the general impression ot farmers that the com position or quality of milk may be changed by changing the food is a fallacy. Extra feed may and does increase the quantity of milk, but not tbe constituents or their proportions. Tbe quality, that Is, the richness of the milk, must be sought for in the particular animals or breeds and not in special feeding. Different kinds of food have great influence on tbe flavor of milk, and come foods are much more efficient than o'.hers in keeping up tbe strength ot the cow. The dairyman should seek, therefore, such food as will keep his cows in a good, thri.ty condition, food that will make tbe largest Quantity of milk of tbe host flavor. But if he seeks very rich milk, he must Iook to individual breeds noted for tbis peculiarity. The speaker

gave some careful information of milk globules and the peculiarities tf different breeds which are omitted here though they were of much value in showing the traits of different breeds of cows. After a learned and thorough analysis of this subject In re lation to both butter aud cbeese,tho speaker paid his respects to suet butter as now made in many factories in the east, describing the process of manufacture. He said. have examined several specimens ot this butter; some of it is granular and leaves tsilow taste, other specimen were more like butter, but inferior to the genuine article, l be skim milk dodge was also no ticcd in the manufacture ot cheese, On testing the ac'dity of curds the pries of butler in England. Canadian butter and ccameries. the address was practical and replete w Uu information of importance to the profession. The statistics of shipping, the profits and calculations in actual work were all given to an extent that does not admit of reproduction. BUITEIl AND "HEN FRUIT" CON YEN TION'. CMtXO SESSION AT MASONIC UAI.L A FEW STATISTICS AN INTKRKSTIXG DISCUSSION lIltKAI) AS W ELI. AS BCTIER INTRODUCED 0)L..MORROW's ADDRESS -RESOLUTIONS, ETC, The butter and eg? convention met again Thursday morning, at the Masonic hall The convention was called to order by tbe president, D. W. Dake. The first subject for discussion suggested was transportation, but this was postponed until after noon. STATIstlCS. The committee on statistics appointed yesterday to confer with Mr. Green, of the National Crop Reporter, reported as follows, through Mr. James 11. Lob, chair man: Your committee would respectfully report that tney have held a conference as in structed yesterday, with the publishers of the National Crop Keporter. Wo have recommended and arranged that information be askel of correspondents, as suggested in the following queries: Iu reference to butter production June 1. How a' tn h butter has been manu factured into market packages during the month of May, as compared with the previ ous year, and -what proportion thereof is held in tbe bands of farmers, and of the local trade? J ii what class of packages is it held? How will tho average quality compare with last year? What has been the prieo paid to farmers as compared with last year? July 1. The same questions as for Juno 1 August 1. The same questions with the following additions: What proportion of the surplus hitherto reported has been sent to market? epteraber 1 and Uotober J. The same questions. November 1. The same and the following: How much roll butter had been made and is held in band ot (ar;ners and local dealers? December 1. The same questions. June 1. Tbe same questions and "How much roll butter has beeu marketed?" February 1. The same. IN REFEUEJCCK TO EGOS. We have proposed tbe followingquestions: June I. What is tho comparative production for May,as compared witb last j ear? How has prieo paid to producers compared with last year? How many eggs have been lined and pickled, as compared with last year? July 1. Tbe same questions. August 1. The same, with question as to movement. . September 1. The same. October 1. The same, except substituting as to liming by tbe following: How mauy eggs have been put up and held as fresh during September, as compared with the same last year? November 1. Tbe same questions; also, What proportion of reserved stock is still in tho hands of the farmers and local deal ers December 1, The same questions. January l, The same exeeps as to surplus stock. February 1, March 1, April 1, and May 1. The same questions. We believe that this system of correspondence will prove well adapted to obtaining intelligent and satisfactory responses to such interrogatories as we have supposed. We earnestly recomirend tbat memtrs ot this association and all those engaged in the production and salo of dairy products shall co-operate with tbe publishers ot the National Crop Reporter to the end, not only that valuable present results may be attained, but also for the establishment of reliable data which may form tbe basis of a definite, satisfactory and complete system oT statistics in the near future. J as. n. Lon, Chairman, A. V. J. Piercb, A. L. DeLaVerone, Commute. The report was adopted. Mr. Green advocated the system of statistics. There were he thought mauy men in every county who are constantly observing for their own satisfaction and information as to all of tbe points proposed in these queries. So long as they reserve such information solely for their own nse it has no public utility, but when it is focalized in one office, where it can be summarised and carefully digested, it becomes of vast importance to producers, dealers, transporters and con sumers. But fe have a full appreciation of the importance of statistics as now collected. The basis for them is being constantly extended and strengthened, aud by earnest cooperation on the part of those who are di

rectly interested, we may soon have a statistical system upon which to rest all business transactions. COMMITTEE ON ESSAYS. The following gentlemen, as a committee on essays, were reported by Mr. E.L. Kemp, of Baltimore; James Anderson, New York; G. E. Morrow, Madison, Wis. ; A. A. Kennard, Baltimore; W. N. Golden, Coldwmter, Mich.; James M. Gil bough, Philadelphia; Colonel R. M. Littler, Davenport Iowa; H. McCray, Kendaliville, Indiana; I. C. Porick, Wausseon, Ohio. T. G. Möhler, of Baltimare, could not see any necessity for a committee to award tbe prizes for essays when the prizes were tbe property of the president. President Dake explained that the association was formed principally tor the purpose of getting those essays and publishing in book form. If tbe association wished to take the matter in hand, he (the president) would turn ovr the enterprise to the association; otherwise he would, In conjunction with tbe Hon. X. A. Willard, pay the prizes for essays and publisn-them iaiiook Jorui, getting his money back in. the profits. from tbe sale ot his book. Tbe report was then adopted. It was suggested tbat the secretary be ordered to furnish the committee witb a copy of each of tbe essays, and take away the name so tbat tbe committee could not know who the authors were. The secretary said that it wonld be too much work to examine five hundred or six hundred essays, and erase the name from each one. Mr. A. Albro, of Chicago, moved that the essays be turned over to the president, and that be publish them on his own account, and receive the profits as the reward of bis labors. Several others had objections to turning over tbe essays to the president. One gentleman wanted to know if the essavs would be read to the convention? The secretary said it would take a week or ten days to read them, and if the convention would stay, he moved that thev be read. Dr. T. IJ. Elliott, of Indianapolis, tboueht

tho better plan would be to place t he essays at tne disposal oi tue presiaent, so tbat they mignt oe pr pushed and tbe useful knowl edge given tathe world. The essays were, on motion, turned overjto xsir. uaKe, as nis property. A resolution on this subject was offered by Mr. j. Lt. Kemp, as follows: Resolved, That the association do most heartilv commend the enterprise and liber ality of our worthy president, Mr. D. W Dake, in offering, upon his own responsibil ity, a liberal schedule of premiums for es says upon butter production; and tbatinas much as there has been a prompt response to his oiierjana a large number or valuable essays have been prepared promising to add greauy to tne public Information upon this topic. Henolved, Tbat we request Mr. Deke that be will retain possession and direction of the same until they are ready for publication. Kesolved, ihat the committee on essays be instructed to co-oerate with Mr. Dake in securing a proper examination of the essays ana award or premiums, and tbat their action shall carry tbe full endorsement of tbis association. Adopted. im motion a committer oi three was sp pointed to wait upon and thank tbe IJord of Trade and Real Estate Exchange of In dianapolis for courtesies to this association Mr. E. G. Mobler was appointed chairman witb power to appoint the other two mecc bers. President Dake then announced that the governor of the state of Indiana was in the house. By a rising vote Governor Hendricks was luvned to the platform. The Govemor ttepped forward and was received with cheers. Governor Hendricks thanked the conven tion for the courtesy sbown him, arid said "he thanked them on behalf of the state and city for making Indianapolis the place of meeting." Uheers.j Coi. George E. Morrow, of Madison, Wis consin, was called upon to address tbe asso ciatiou, to which he responded. His sub ject was; BUTTER. ABSTRACT OF ADDRE.SS AT CONVENTION OF MUTTER MAKERS AND DEALERS, AT INDIAN APOLIS, JUNE 1 1 -IS, BY . E. MORROW, OF WESTERN FARMER, MADISON, WISCONSIN. Intelligent butter makers are at work at this problem: To produce the largest quantity, of best quality, at least cost, and to sell at tbe highest price. We caunot hope to secure a solution which will prove satisfactory to all, nor to secure uniform practice. The greater the number of individuals engaged in any calling the greater the difficulty in securing uniformity or excellence ot product. In this country millions of men and women make butter. working under very different circumstances, and with widely varying intelligence. The prejudices of the masses, the disinclination to adopt new modes, work strongly against improvement. A favorable season over a large portion of tbe country will add largely to tbe butter product, and a reduction of price is inevita ble. Severe and long continued drouth in the great dairy regions will largely reduce the product and increase tbe prices, although not necessarily the profits. Unusual profits from cheese production or other branches of farming may divert attention from butter making so as to sensibly affdct production aDd prices. Ignorance is tbe greatest hindrance to uni versal excellence ot the butter product, and the greatest helps will be found In increased information and increased interest leadine to the application ot all tbe information pos sessed. This information must reach tbe individuals which compose the mass. Lvervthing tbat will Incite more thought and more intelligent action, should be nsed to aid in this work. Butter is made for the consumer, and the producer will be wise if he heed, as far as practicable, tbe wants and tastes of tbe con sumer, and be will learn much it he wm heed the lessons which the experience and observation of the carrier and dealer have tanght them. The information needed is not altogether practical" in tne ordinary meaning attached to tbe word. There is need enough of information which only tbe true scientist can give. Success best secures followers; the best incentive to the adoption ot any business plan is to show tbat it pays. Let it be proved and illustrated in practice that improvements in butter making secure large profits, and thev will be adopted. In butter making, back of and more important than a good churn, pure milk well cared for, good cows, abundant food and pure water, well arranged buildings, a good soil and suitable climate more important than any of these is to have the man. Given the right man and tbe other requsites will follow. Given the wrong man and all other things will not insure success. Tbe dairyman must be willing to work jteadtly, faithfully, carefully, giving attention to petty details, and cheerfully submitting to many unpleasant things. His labor should be intelligently applied. He needs much information, and should be a man of good observation, quick perception and ready adaption. He needs also honesty. He who would win success as a butter maker as be who seeks success in any hon -est calling will do best to rely on industry, intelligence, integrity. The area in which dairyingcan be conducted with fair success is very much larger than was formerly supposed. Yherever the veg etation, water aud climate are such tbat cows can be kept in good health, it is possi ble to produce good milk, butter or cheese.

But the great dairy regions of tbe country will continue to be its cooler portions. The North rather tbau the South will make the great supply of butter. The cold winters of tbe more northern states would seem to be great objection, but there are compensations found in the rapid growth ofmot forage plantain summer and the general bealtbfulness of cattle. The greatest losc of cattlo in winter are reported from regions of which it i sometimes boasted that cattle may run at large all the year. The location of the farm with reference to railroads, neighboring cities, etc.. is less important to the batter maker than to many others, rroximity to depots and good home markets is desirable, but not essential. The butter maker, less than most farmers, feel the cost of transportation. His product will carry safely long distances, and is valuable in proportion to bulk and weight. In every dairy herd there will be found a wide difference in the quantity or quality of the milk given by different cows. Some produce less than ia required to pay the cost of food and care tor it ia only tbe surplus over a fixed . amount from which profit i derived. . Could all be made equal td the best, tbe profits would probably be doubled. It is practically essential that dairymen should breed their own cows if general excellence and steady improvement is expected. Neither great quantity or excellent quality alone is sufficient to determine tbe value of a cow for butter. Quantity and quality must both be, considered. The cow will thrive on a much greater variety of food than some would have us believe. Grass is her natural food, and aöme few kinds of grass are nndoubtedlv better than others; but in default of these she will do well on many others. As our cerials are really grasses we need not fear to eed cows grain. High feeding is sometimes injurious., but lots has resulted thousands of times from insufficient food for each icstam-e of injury from intelligent high feeding in summer or winter. Nearly all the butter consumed by a large part ot our rural population, and a large part of that consumed in cities, is now and for years wilt continue to be produced by parties keeping but a few cowsselling a little when they have a surplus, these many littles making a large aggregate. Such cannot have the best possible contrivances, but most of them can improve on tbeir present arrangements. Cleanliness can be secured, as well as freedom from taint from vegetable and animal odors, and the butter can be put upiu such packages as will not, as is now too otten the case, make low prices a necessity. The factory system of butter making will not be adopted except in regions where dai-yiDgis a prominent feature. In such it is now succeeding well. Tbe plan oi having butter churning depots or have the churning done at the farm houses, tbe working and packing being done at a central establishment, meets some of the difficulties in tbe regular factory ytem and, in turn, is not free from difficulties. The qcantity of butter produced in factories devoted mainly to cheese making is steadily increasing. Other things being equal, tbe nearest market is the best. Every ctf y and large village furnishes a market "for bottr. Jn everv such place there is a small class who are not only aiixious to have good butter but are w illing to ptty for it. In such a market reputation is easily made, and a few butter makers can cenerally do well by aupplyinz the cless spoken of by contract at pric es considerably above tbe average price paid. Those who produce but little and caunot secure direct trade.rest under a serious dis advantage. The village grccer cannot l expected to pay bijfh prices, nor does be make lull discrimination as to quality; and it is often inconvenient and Dot safe to pick and bold butter. Makirg butter for the winter market is often best in such cases. To those who are willing tc give ths necessary lood and care this gives good profits. Dealers in country and city alike receive much butter in rolls or other undesirable shape for anything except immediate use. To rework this and put it in desirable packages is entirely legitimate, provided always tbat no attempt is made to deceive as to quality. Adding harmless coloring matter to please the eys is not at all a crime, but no coloring, working, washing or other process will make a good article out ot an inferior one. The less working butter receives the better, so that the objec: desired be obtained. We have not yet devised a perfeet butter package. It should be used but once, and so

should be cheap, yet it should keep butter safely for any reasonable lengh of time. Much butter must be sold bv producers to dealers middlemen; nor is this to be re gretted. Tbe seller will always try to get as much as possible; the buyer to buy as cheaply as he can. But aside from ibis there need be no conflict of interests. It is better Ion each, that the other should have a fair profit. it is Detter ior an parties that boncstv and fair dealing should be a rule ; tbat all obtainable information be freely circulated. Let every source or knowledge be open to all and let the w isest make the best uso of the knowledge gained. The establishment of exchanges bv dairv prod nee deal era in lame cities is a step in advance. Tbese exchanges can do .much to correct errors and abuses. Producers look, to them for quotations based on merit alone without reference to locality where produced. Let every tub of butter stand on its own merits and not to be bolstered ud bv the good reputation, or pushed down bv the bad reputation of other butter coming from the same locality. 4 The agricultural press and tbe dairymen's association will heartily co-operate with tbis association and the produce exchanges in every effort to improve tbe standard of dairy products and disseminate informa tion. After the address, some excellent Indiana butter was produced, and to test its tine qualities a quantity ot biscuit was also ' f nr- ' nished. So. lor a few minutes, the assemblage unanimously resolved itself into "A BREAD AND BUTTER CONVENTION." After this pleasant recess, the secretaryread this telegram from Pittsburg dealers: "We, of Pittsburgh, send greetings to tho convention; we anticipate grand result from the trade there assembled.' Mr. R. P. Wells moved a resolution depreciating the classification of butter according to location, believing that merits alone should be considered, and recommending tbat type standards be adopted, by which butter might be graded and market reports made. Tbe resolution wa adopted. The committee on the subject of eggs re ported, calling attention to tbe difficulties surround ing the egg trade, wLich were poor packing and slow transportation. It also alluded to the efforts of the New York Batter and Cheese Eichang e to adopt scmo plans for the adjustment ot losses in shipping and transportation. Tbe committee submitted sound resolntions urging shippers to becarelul in packirg, tho iarmersto sell their eggs when frsh, and the transportation companies to f rwaid rapidly. Mr. Greene, (editor National Crop Reporter) ot Indianapolis, asked f r some test by which bad eggs might be kuosn from good ones. Mr. Bechtold, of New York, made a few remarks as to the importance ot the eg interest. ee Mr. Albro, of Chicago, said that good egg produce good chickens, aud that imported chickens lay tbe best eggs; and thst they degenerate in the West. Good lot d for the ben is as necessary to produce good egs &3 it is for the cow to produce giuni rnilk. J. S. Feiger, of Geneseo, Illinois, gpofcg about shipping eggs, saying that ha w