Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 10, Number 31, Indianapolis, Marion County, 2 January 1851 — Page 2

IV Mil VI CT I Ol? TrPITl?T

II" O 1 A 1 i OCiil 1 UllJlJi ' WILLIAM J. BROWN, Editor. !IJ AN APOI.IS, KCKMBER 31, MSO. Extra Paper Ca be had at onr counting-room, done op in wrappers w otherwise. Persans desiring a number of extras can better seeur tbem by leaving their orders the day before issue. IT We v rounost-d to say, that the Governor's ! House will not be open for tho reception of his fellowcitiaen. this evening, on account of tho Firemens' Fair at the Masonic Hall . The Govornor's House will be open on next Tuesday evening, the 7th of January, and every Tuesday evening, ! during the session of the Legislature and Convention. The Convention. We have to omit the full proceedings of the 0-vcntion of yesterday in this number. The section fixing the second Tuesday of October as the day for holding tho general elections passed by a large majority. The arti-de in relation to the militia was taken up and after disco, sion rc-cotauiittcd to the military committee for amend. n -nt. GOVERNOR'S MESSAGE. GtMLwß e the Senate and Hiuxt of Representatives: Ym have again assembled, according to the provisions "of our Constitution, to deliberate upon the interests of, our people. Connected with you, tosome extent, by the consul ution. in your üuties ana iators, i promie you my hearty co-operation in all that is calculated to ad vance the welfare of our lcloved State. During tins pnst year, the nation has been called to mourn the decease of its Chief Magistrate. Zachary Tayior was a brave and sturdy soldier a true patriot. Death suddenly ended his eventful career, in the midsi of the convulsions of Con; ss, eonse.pient upon tbc notation and settlement of subjects, the complexify and importance of which, are unparallcd in our history. His otfu i il mantle fell quietly upon another. The ma-;e-(y of the Constitution and Laws, and the wisdom thereof, were sublimely manifested. Thev supplied the place which death hal muh vacant. The Executive functions of twenty millions of freemen, passed in a single day, into new hands; yet the change great as it was. tinly served to ' .vt.n agitation, instead of adding to the public comm tion. Emotions nf general sorrow, in view of the national bereavement, were predominant ; ami the result exhibited nlik- the patriotic sympathies of the people; the strength and grandeur of rnr form of government, and its efficiency to meet every emergency and crisis which can arise. During the last year wc have enjoyed within our !ordcrs the blessings of general health.' In some parts of tbe State, we were visited with that terrible disease, the Cholera, which, in other portions of the country, has carried off thousands. Yet, through the mercies of an overruling Providence, hut few among us fell victims to the destroyer. Wit!i this exception, the past year has heea one of health, happiness, and general prosperity. Nothing has transpired since your adjournment to interrupt the re-nlar action of all the departments of jn. vernmcnt. Tue laws have been liiithfully administered, respected, and olieycd. I am gratified in !; ni- able to say. that the necessary moans to meet onr January interest, has lecn promptlv advanced by our fellow-citizens, through the energy of onr county CaAMlora, wir!. out nrroving of the banks. For the promptness with which our collectors have responded It tiic call of the State Treasurer, it is right that Jfäm au'horise the Auditor and Treasurer to make them some compensation. The laaVasM condition of the State is still improving. Tile ordinary expenses of the Stato Government, for th: Iml vear ending the 31st day of October, 150, weroS.olj 10. The expenditures for tho ensuing year, (exclusive of t ie expenses ol the I Auditor of State, at n,) are estimated by the ' ' j TIio whole amount of revenue paid int tho State Treasnrr. during the past year, on all accounts, was S j0,4 t 76. which aXuceda the ainooat of the previous year, SIS, 197 R Tiie total value of taxable property, as returned for 150. b $137,443. 6V. which is an increase over the previous year of $4 .014,304. Thp number of returned fur 1850, is 149,986, being aa increase o: cr last year, of 6.26. I concur fuily with the Auditor of State, in most earnestly calling your attention to the ctihjcct of an improvement in the rcveane system. While the property of the man of moderate means, the farmer, the mechanic, ae.d the day laborer, is, from its very character, exposed to tho eye of the Assessor, and is such as to csablc him to estimate its value with accuracy, it ear.noi jj do;:hted that a large amount of invisible" property, consisting of corporation stocks, mon- j cys and credits, entirely escapes taxation The vyholc amount of corporation stock assessed in the State for the current year, is S2S6.516; when, faking into consideration our numerous Plank Roads, Rail Roads. River improvements. Insurance companies, and Manufactories, it is safe t estimate the value of this description of property, at nut less than three millions of dollars. In many cases, the samo property when assessed for municipal purposes, is returned at a much higher rate of valuation, than when listed by the county Assessor. Iii New Albany, the city assessment exceeds the county a3-ssrceiit in the sum' of $300,tj0; in Malisn, bv the sum of $565.407; and in Indianapolis, $657,990'; making a tot il excess, in these three cities alone, of more thin one and a half millions of dollars. Individual instances of erroneous asessmcnt, arc fa-! Miliar to all. A exsc has been brought to the attention i of the Execitive. where tho properly of a citizen was valued by the county Assessor at the sum of $75,525; L' l -.1 . 1 . i . ' I ana npon u;s ueam, tue same property was valued, in the settlement of his estate, at $256.917. There is also a great in ?qnali'.y in t!ic assessment of lands in m'-gnmis counties: to rectify which, cai only I accurately done by a Sta'e B ard of equalization, or bv Boards ia th smvr;tl CongresMcn il districts. The fin? n-m !, for this sta'e of things, is, the adoption of a system to assc.. at it.-t cash value, every species of real aad personal estate ; sncb a one as in a sin- ! gle year, in our sister State. Ohio, increased the aggregatea;nou;:t of t'ie taxables of fiat St ite, from one j hundred and ;i ty millions, to four hnndrednnd tn millions of dollars. L -t the As -ss.ir furnish each tax-payer a i blaak form, to be filled up by himself, with an enumera- I tion of his property, to lie verified Iry oath or affirma- i tion ; aad on refusal, authorize the Assessor to add to the valuati n su; hper cent, as may lc deemed necessary. Under such a system, we shall net only equalize the iMirdcns of the people of the State, but swell our total i of taxable to at least two hundred millions of dollars, thereby enabling u to reduce the present rate of taxation. Property and wealtii are the true basis of taxation, and the public burdens should rest upon them. Oaring to the construction of various works of Internal Improvement, and other causes, the value of reai estate is constantly changing, and frequent assessments, under any system, will be necessary. The last valua- I tion of real estit was in IMS, and to secure an equaliaatioa of the burdens of the Stat-;, a re-appraisement is imperatively required. As the Assessors have a right to commence making assessments the first of January, if it r designed to change the present system, it is suggested that steps be immediately taken to postpone such assessment until the first of March ensuing. Tarnagh the politeness of Mr. Meredith, U. S. Marshal. I ra this mummt advised, though the returns are not complete, that oar entire population is abont 00, being ta increase, inee 1MO. or upward of three , hindred thonsael. the total valuation of real estate, tarmin? and live stock , exclusive of other personal pi rn"d by the Marshal, ia about two banrlred rnittioea of dollars, being sixty-three mil lions over the entire asement for taxation. If to this were added other descriptions of personal property, our entire valuation conld aot be lees than two hundred ami fiftv millions of dollar. I know of no higher doty that a citizen owes ta the institutions of his country. Cha that of being just, not onlv to his neighbors, hut to the government that shield and protects him. N- g-.vl maa arttl revn.se to tny for ! the support of his government. When he pays, he shonld pay in proporlioi to what he has according to his wealth; and he will on no occasion refuse to declare or affirm what that wealth is. I trust, before you rctarn to your ontifnenta, you will pass en efficient and practical system for the assessmnt id collection of yonr revenue, by which yoa will obtain the just preportion levied upon tho entire wealth of the State. There is bo subject taa? onr people take more interest in than that of the reduction and final payment of onr State debt. They desire some practical" system that will annnally reduce tiieir debt. It will be time engb to a-royid a sinking lund j ' ... - . when we have ome meens to appropriate in MM way : and wUtt we shall have fully aeaeeeed and collected the revenue levied upon the entire wealth nod property ot lhe State, wc shedl have something to set apart for that t; -a reo hi rc tinao to par fact a system.

it is pr for ilu! yon enter nnoa tSa eeoohJeratioa of this

subject. Mr own opinion is, that no intricate or per

plexed plan of reducing oar public debt can bo beneficial. Simple taxation ia the onlv remedy and as near as can be, direct application ol the money, when collected, to discharge the debt. In the establishment of a board to manage the funds, your officers of State, with the aid of one commissioner elected by the poople, would be entirely sufficient. The power given should be discretionary as to the investment of surplus funds? for obvious reasons. The financial ability of the State may be seen in what 1 .ve have accomplished in the last nine years, commenc- j ing with the suspension of our internal improvement system . In that period, with no other resource but tax-1 ation. wo have liquidated, ol our domestic debt, in principal and interest, tbc sum of $2,529.156, and have paid of interest o our' foreign debt, including the January I interest. 1 5 1 . the sum of $739, 269- making a total of $3,26,425, or over $360,000 per year, in addition to the j ordinary expenses of the State, a sum equivalent to one-half our present State indebtedness. Bv the year 1853 with the improvements proposed inour j revenue, system , the saving effected by biennial sessinnsof the Legislature, ami the revenue to lie derived from tue Madison and fartiaaaanlti Railroad, it is estimated that wc shall he able within that year to ajTpropnate the sum of $100,000 to the payment of the principal of the foreigndebt. A table has been prepared with great care, and is appended to this message, assuming the revenue of 1853 to lie $500,000, that the annual increase of revcnue will be three per centum , that the sum of $100.000 may be appropriated the first year for the payment of principal: anil that, this sum may lie increased every vcar thereafter bv the three per centum of increase, and 1 the amount saved in the interest account. Under such an estimate and I lielicvo it entirely practicable the public debt will be liquidated m seventeen" years from the first payment. To show still further the practicability of wiping out the debt of the State at an early day, a table has been prepared by the Auditor of State, on a different basis, for which o i are referred to his report. We are progressing rapidly, with works of public improvement. In the pat s-a-ti:i wc have completed four hundred miles of Plank Holds, which have cost from twelve to twenty-five hundred dollars per mile. There 1 nre some twelve hundred miles additional surveyed and : in progress Wc have two hundred and twelve miles I of railroad in successful operation; of which one bundred and twentv-tour were completed taM past year. j There are more than one thousand miles of railroad surveyed and in a st ite of progress. Tiicrc is no evil to he apprehended from tliis expenditure of money and labor upon plank roads. They arc bui't by our own Inlnir and capital. The profits go to our own people, and consequently no surplus for the payment of int -rest on loans, goes out of the country. So long as wc confine our operations nnd expenditures 1 upon Railroads and works of a similar character, to individual enterprise anil capital, we have the surest guar anty that the investment will le made upon works of h a character as will pay iik-rallv for the cost of their construction. While it is not the province ot the Executive to dictate to bis fellow citizens to what particular works private capital and enterprise should be directed, still it may not bo improper to say, at this time, when the mind of the public is so strongly directed to railroad enterprises, that the danger to be apprehended, is, that works so entirely local in their character as to disappoint the expectations of the stockholders and the public, when constructed, will abs.irb the capital and energy of the country; anil that tin same might be appro priated to greater advantage in works of a more general character. And it is to be feared that there is too great a aaMOakiaa to carry on these works by subscriptions of corporate cities and counties. From the evidence bafcn me, there is now on? million of dollars of corporate stock taken, in tho State, in railroads, by cities and onnliis- ninl friim thn nrnmnf oVfitimmil in .r. r parts of the State, the amount will be largely increased 1 the comin"- season. 1 Sound policy dictates that no municipal department however wealthy, should become associated with private 1 companies for any purpose whatever. The appropriation of the revenues of cities nnd counties to such purposes, is wholly foreign to the objects for which mnnici- ! pal cor pornt ions arc organized, and for which the power of taxation is granted to them ; and will lead to local embarrassments and difficulties similar to those in which the State became involved a few years ago. If wc shall hold a firm and steady hand ; confine in- ' vestments in our public improvements to individual capital and enterprise; show the capitalist at home and a,Mroad, by our actions and words, that wc are dctermined to keep faithfully all past engagements; that we rc- ! gard State and county credit, not as mere empty sound and promise, but that which is real and sulistantial anil worth preserving; if we shall do this, Indiana will steadily move forward with increased energy; her resources I will be developed at the proper and right time ; and she will be enabled to present the greatest chain of improve- ' meats of any Stato in the Union. But if in this honr, the turning point in her second history of improvements, i wc overleap the proper bounds, ami in tho moment of: excitement, when individual capital is marking the ; whole map of the Stato with railroad lines, wc add millions of tho corpornte stocks of counties, cities and townships, through a laudable but mistaken zeal to advance this or that work, we shall rejnt for years to come that ; we had part or lot in the matter. We have had such a lesson on this subject, that we should be justly chargeable with a lack of prudence if we again fall info a like difficulty, without having made some exertion to avoid sneh a disaster. I recommend to your consideration, the propriety of making efficient provisions by law. for taking an annual statistical account of the Agricui'ural and oilier industrial products of the State, in their great material featurcs. Hardly any subject of domestic poli.-y can be more important, whether we regard its effects upon our internal policy, or upon the jnst weight and character if the State as a member of the confederacy. The attention of wise mon has long been directed to this subject. Not only hr.s one or more of our sister States taken some action: but the General Government is propaaiojE to lend its aid in accomplishing the object. But while I approve the spirit which we must suppose actuates and influences the General Government, I doubt the expediency of relying solely upon its nctinn. Why sho-ild wc be continually looking to the Capital of the Nation for information as to our own wealth, resources and means? This is a subject of economy in its largest sense : involv. j ing t'ie certain knowledge of our material interest and ; anility. Such knowledge is of the first importance to the i j successful prosecution of individual and subordinate bu- j siness atliirs; but it is of vastly greater consequence to tho just regulation of the collective interest of the State. It should therefore he acquired by the State, under its , own laws, and through its own officers. Important as this measure undoubtedly is, it is easy to accomplish it, at trifling expense. A bureau of statis- , I tics can be engrafted upon the office of Secretary of ; State, or some other Stat - office, and the proper blanks j i may be prepared by such bureau, and t. ansniitied thence to the county assessors, or some other county officer, to 1 l.rt l . ". I'll.. I : i i . , i . , . iv- in iiieni ii.L-ii. ;i picscrioe-u Hy aw. auti rei un-il io the Central Office I be compiled for the information of ,u .! , . i Tl , , m . the uencral Assembly. I mis coiili Be ascertained the ,., r i . I i... ui ,u n'UU uer ol acres ol .in. I nnoi-r oiil 1 1 v: t inn I in nn-mliiir no iHU'i minion oi of cereal grain, and other crops produced ; the number of horses, cattle, hogs, sheep, &c. ; the number of mills ..n.l ...n , Tn ..i ..I... . i.A n . i . r . 1 1 t l ...i.i iniiiiu.at M'l lira , iuu iliili'illlL ii cili'ilai aim VaiUC OI . . , ,1 , ,. , machinery employed therein; and the a',rrc"ate annual . . - 1 I. t - i a V " J i LBn'-a .... J " M-.iii.--i.ui -'.lis :csoi me more important branches of mechanical labor; of the extent and progress of railroads, plank roads, canals. &c. : with their cost and income per mile, together with anv . I J . 1 t " r ... we mov r oil" , T J value. ,n this way wc may receive annual information on tlie siibicnt of n.ir schools, numlier of teachers, number of pupils in attend ' . ... . .T : ance. the number not m attendance, the amount of the pay of tcach-rs. the kinds of books used at schools, the condition of the School Fund, and full details of the operation of your entire school system. Thus can le cs tablishe.1 a system of practical statistical iiformation. relative to the resources and capital of tho State, highly interesting in a moral and social aspect, and very impor ant m its hearing upon onr domestic policy, and upon J I I n credit of the 8ta generally. It woaJd afford me great pleasure ,f Indiana would lead off in the organization of such a syetein as a permanent nart of onr domestic policy. The State University, and the other institutions of learning, nre in a flourishing condition. More than twelve hundred you. men h ive been in regular attendance at the different colleges of the State during tho past year. It is gratifying to know that at every submission of the school question to thc ballot lox, there hns been manifested by the people an increasing interest for thc permanent establishment of an uniform sy? .em of cornmen schools. The history of the past speaks to ns in strong lan guage. that where man's mora! cultivation is neglected 'here, life, liberty ami property nre unsafe. It is the oh vions and plain duty of government to provide for thc c'tncntion o the whole people; and to seenre general intelligence anoong men. they should begin to learn while they are children. It is therefore becoming in ns, as representatives of the people, to concentrate all onr efforts for the establishment of common schools in every neighlorhood; for the improvement cf every child in thc school district, in which should be adopfed a uniform system, for every class of our youth, while wc leave tbrt coantv institutions and colleges tolodividua! or associate not for tho m of the boy, wo shall surely pay ancc of thc man. ,t.l.i r .u : "w lm3 Yonr attention is call to thc many valuable suggestions contained in the reports of the Trustees and Superintendents of onr bnevolent institutions. Indiana according to her population, this day educates, free of all expense, a greater number of mutes by thirty-three per cent., than any other State in" the Union. It is gratifying to knowhat tho entire pumber. who

hnvo been placed in the Insane Asylum within six months

alter the attack, ninety per cent, have been cured; and op those who enter tho Institution within one year after becoming insane, eitrhty per cent, are restored to their friends clothed, and in their right mind. The economy and prudence with which the Blind Asylum is managed, are worthy of all praise. The policy adopted by Indiana, in admitting Into her benevolent institutions, all classes and conditions of her unfortunate fellow beings, without regard to propeity. has been followed by other Btates in the West . Thos that have not, arc now making efforts to occupy the same ground. These institutions are the monuments of Indiana's benevolence, and it is vour duty, as no doubt it will In your pleasure, to sustain them by lilcral appropriations. No part of the burdens imposed on our people is paid with more cheerfulness. It is. however, indispensable that you provide suitable checks in the expenditure of the public money thus appropriated. It may be worthy of your examination, whether the adoption of sonic suen provisions as follow, would not lie hcncnciai: Ist. I hat the Superintendents and other olheers should give bond, with approved security, to cover any amount ol public money that may may come into their hands. 2d. That thero should be adopted a uniform rule for the election of Trustees for all the institutions, and that no Board of Trustees should have the power to lill v iI eancicx ih their own body. 3d. That no Supintcndent or officers of these instituj tions should hold I he office of Trustee. 4th. That in the disbursement of funds to sustain tl-ese institutions, the money should be paid out upon War ra,ltii ü"ra' n ','' tIie Auditor upon the Treasurer to the pei son cniaicu iu receive wie saine ; ioiiowmii; mi; inn-, as far as practicable, by which payments are now made to the officers of State. The propriety of insuring these valuable buildings is worthy of your consideration. The cultivation and improvement of our soil is that upon which the other branches of business rely for support, and ir the true source of all wealth. The system that adds to the stock of information in Agriculture will promote the welfare of the State, and deserves to be encouraged by the Legislative Depnttment. The establishment of a State Board of Agriculture, to consist, say, of nine members, for the express purpose of organizing a State Agricultural Society, would be calculated to bring into existence, in the several counties of the State, County Societies, that would lc auxiliaries to the State association. We arc an agricultural iieople. Our climate, soil and situation, make us so: and the adoption of a system that will bring our people together annually at some point in the State, where we can present the most valuable specimens of science and art, especially the useful inventions of lalKir-saving implements of husbandry; endorsing flic character of improvements: awarding premiums, either of money, diplomas or medals; exhibiting the stock, grains, and productions of our State, would r.o doubt cr,catfi 11 sPir,t of emulation in our people, and be well uu:ipieti in luriiier nie interests oi our gi.iwing oiaie. Wo are not aware of the amount annually expended by onr people for stock, implements and productions of other States, that can be saved in a few years by the proper organization of such County and State Agricultural Socicties. To aid in this enterprise, it is suggested, that the tax ' collected npnn travelling circuses, menageries, and pubI lie shows, n this Stat , be paid to the County TraOM I rers, thence into the State Treasury, to be set r.pnrt expressly ns a fund at tho disposal of the State Board of , Agriculture, to pay premiums at the annual lairs. It I; believed that you can saTely appropriate one thousand dollr rs to this purpose in anticipation of t'.ic receipts from this source the coming year. I mention with pleasure, on this occasion, the fact that a few of the enterprising citizens of Indiana are preparing i? cnd the great industrial exhibition of all nations, at London, in May, next, and to carry with them specimens of their skill and labor, and samples of the productions of onr soil. The propriety of expressing, in some proper manner, your approbation of such an enterprise is worthy of your consideration. Your attention is again earnestly invited to the importance of providing for a thorough geological and topo. graphical survey of the State. The interests of agriculture, manufactures and commerce, alike demand it. That Indiana is rich in mineral wealth is a fact that each sueeeding y?ar more and more demonstrates Wc have vast beds of coal and iron, and recent developments indicate that wc have many of the more precious metals. When we shall send out men of high scientific attainments to explore our hills and our prairies, to analyse our ores and our soils, and lay bare the now concealed riches of onr mines, we shall have taken the first and most important snp in that great race of industrial progress which will place Indiana in her true attitude. Her position on the map of this great vail y is commanding j and if. under a kind Providence, we escape thi perils that threaten to separate us from the great sisterhood of States . whose interests are so blended by geological, geographical and cor.imcrcip.l offnilies, the next ten years will place her. ns an ngi icultui : 1 aid a manufacturing State, by tbe side of Pennsylvania. Our policy is to rely upon our own resources rather

than upon any aid from the General Government. While , c,.st th:lt yOU provide by law. the method of applying wc do this, our interests arc undisturbed by the shocks ; ,r am receiving the money arising therefrom, and struggles of political parties. Our strength nniL The State is under many obligations to Hons. 11. W. onr independence lie in our great agricultural and man-; Thompson and John II. liiadlev,lor services rendered at ufaoturing resources. We want more knowledge we Washington City in the adoption of the rules for the scwtnt a map which not only defines our boundaries our lection of these lands. area our corporate subdivisions, and the course ot our -e wt.rc visited in the State Prison, the past searivers; but we want a map which will tell us the depth with the Cholera. Twenty of the convicts died, of our coal seams the best localities for our iron furna-; Tho Warden Cid. Lemuel Ford, and his v. ite. fell vic-

i ces the extent nnd value of our marble and stone quarri'T the worth of our exhaustless onautilics of timber. i and the true character of onr soils. We arc now groping 1 in comparative darkness; and while other Slates, by the j lid of science, are unfolding MOW aad hitherto unknown elements of wealth, we are trusting these interests to 1 chance and individual enterprise. I submit to you. whether, il w regard the measure in the light of mere revenue alone, tt is not wortny oi your deliberate and fa vorable consideration. And while looking nt the cost of the work, you will not fail to see, that in a few years thr.t it would bring such an increase of population and capital as would r'-duec tr.e general burmens oi me pcopic lour-ioiu tae amount 01 mo expenoiture. I st all lay before you a printed circular letter iuljirewed to me on this subject, and signed bv a verv large number of the most intelligent and enterprising citizens ot the BUK. 1 fie views expressed in this letter will at tract your attention, and, I doubt not, command your favor. Some of the evils of local legislation have developed themselves in the practical effects of the Aci giving exclusive jurisdiction of certain criminal offences defined by tbe general laws of the State, to justices of the peaoe, in several of tho counties. Among these offences is that ef assault and battery. Under the act concerning crimes and punishment, in the Revised Code, an assault and battery may lie punished bv a fine not exceed ing one thousand dollars, and imprisonment for any trm of time not exceeding six n onths. Bv the Act r . . ,. . . . -. I f. L" t oujust.ee. of the peace i : i . n, - i iii in use cm. mies aiiuueu 10. no line enn ne i ninoseu nig. ,i .. c , ,, , 1 L. tt)!in twentv-five dollars; and thus, :n those counties. r. i her aa assau.t and battery, no matter how aggravated, cannot he punished by a fine execcdincr that amount. Another bad effect of this Act is, that upon the trial of an indiet- . -r - ,. . , , ment in a Circuit Court for an assault and battery w ith -l . -a r i , intent to commit a f-lony. if the intent to commit a felonr : ni,t ;n ,i, ,.::,- ,.r ' tk. r...,rt ha no jurisdiction to inflict a punishment for the simple assault and batten-. But when the case is dismissed for that cause and comes to be re-tried liefere a justice of tllc lhe justice m tIink thc inten t(J mmil .' .. leiony sin lcnni y nruveil. anil in tint ciixe. lw sn. would be divested of jurisdiction. Thus in bandying the case to awl fro, the offender may escape punishment al-toc-ethcr. and that too, when his offence is of the most aggravated character. This subject requires your immediate attention. The subject of a small appropriation annnally to tbc State Library, sufficient to pay for one or more of the Stat g ,,c rc br, filed and wor of att tion. I Ibis wav. we shall, for an ineonlidcrah sambtain a history of our State that will Ik.- of gre: newspapers published in each of the counties ol this f your inconsiderable great advantage in after times. You will then have in detail the general and local policy of co intics, in connection with thc opinions of men; thchht ry of individuals and families; addresses, notices of nil kinds, marriages, deaths, &c., besides important loe: 1 statistics not easily obtained from other sources. H w highly wo would prize full files of papers, which have been published inour State since tho year 1804 since 1'20 ? They would be more sought after than any work f un 1 in the State Library. By this means, you would pies ?rvc the religious, moral and political history of our Slate, from year to year; and although you would have a vast variety, much of hut little value, yet, it is from t'iis alone, in after times, that onr history is to be written. To this the historian must go, to do justice to thc men of tho age of which he writes. The work on the Wabash and Er e Canal, under tho jr.dieions management of the Trustees, has been prosncutcd steadily towards completion, according to their plan an submitted in their first report to thc General Assembly. Bv the contracts which they hnvo made, j the canal will ho finish 3d to Evaasvillc within tho time. after making jtwt .ilinvane. i a . provided for in the act, for tho delays which hare been occasioned by Providcn- i tuu causes net within the control of the Trustees. Beginning tiie work on Coal vreek, where the State' left if tbi v have finished and bronght into use seventyMM miles from that place, to Point Commerce. Thc Newberry and Maysville division, ex. ending from ! Poist Commerce to Maysville, forty-nine miles, is nearly ! finished ; ami but for the interruptions occasioned by j cholera among the laborers on the line during the last two seasons, wonid have been finished in time for the navigation of next spring. By the report of the Tr.stees," it appears that one

hundred and fifty of the laborers on the line died of

cholera during the last summer the entire balance ol the line from Maysville to Evansvillc is under contract, and the work in progress, to be completed by the first day of November, 1852. The length of the line now under work from Paint Commerce to Evansville, is one hundred and eleven and a half miles; upon which there has been employed, dusing the past season, an efficient force of near two thousand men. It is gratifying to find from the reports of the Trustees, that notwithstanding the great advance in the prieo of labor which has taken place since they commenced the work, the actual cost of completion will not materially exceed the estimates which were made in 1845, prior to the trnnsfer. Th: cost, necording to contract pri.-es. from Coal i Creek to Evansville, one hundred and ninety and a half miles, (exclusive of damages for the right of wav) will , not vary much from $2,012.000. The actual snm can- ' not lc known, until tho contracts arc closed and the woik paid for. ' The certain and speedy completion of this canal, the longest in the United States, through the territory of In- j diana to the Ohio river; a work which lias over been i regarded with such interest by our citizens, and the partial completion of which has already conferred such j direct benefits mion so large a portion ol those living ! 1 1 . 1 A 1 1 o. . 1 aioni; niKi near 10 n. nun upon wie uoiu siaie in l lie t" it. addition which it has heen the means ot making to its population and taxable property, is a subject ef sincere congratulation. And when we consider that this result has liccn attained by the agency of the holders of our IkuhIs, and by means advanced by them at a time of great embarrassment, it would seem to add to the obligation resting upon us. if nnv thing can add to the saeredness of State faith and State honor, an additional reason lor maintaining with scrupulous fidelity the arrangements with them, and throwing around them every possible security, as their only rc'iance for protection and indemnity rest upon it. The revenues ol the finished portion of the canal show a gratifying increase in its traffic and usefulness. The tolls received for the year ending November 1, 1S50. are reported at $157. 15S 3; Iteing an increase of $22.499 35 over the tolls of tbc previous year. The Trustees report the sale of 2f, 468 22-100 acres of land in the Vincennes office; nnd 33JS6 22-100 acres in the Logansporl otiicw, during the year; exhibiting an increasing demand of canal lands for settlementIt cannot le expected that a work of the magnitud,of this, involving so many interests, can be prosecuted and completed without causes of complaint on the part of some of our citizens. These complaints arc made to j the Executive department, frequently accompanied with the reqoe! tliat suits be brought. It is suggested that you adopt some rules to be observed in all applications for relief by suits. The views of mv predecessor on this subject, arc worthy of your careful consideration. On the 2Sth day cf September, 1850, Congress passed a law granting to each State, for a specified purpose, the swamp or overflowed lands within their several borders. then In-longing to the Gencrnl Government. On receipt f . , , . 1 i r.i.i -.l of tlie law. a correspondence was opened with the Gen eral Land Office at Washington. A reply was communicated to me on the 2Sth day of October; and the 30th day of the same month, a circular was issued to each oi the County Smveyors throughout the State. Additional instructions having l een received on the 29lh day of November, they were embodied in another circular, and on the succeeding day were also issued as almvc. Under these instructions and circulars, the Surveyors arc at this lime engage d in making the necessary examination of the tracts of land that wc shall !e entitled to under this law. A portion of them have discharged their duties, and made their reports: but it is probable -i ..i . i 'ii . i i ii I. w i that the entire work will not he completed before March or April, 1851. From the best information I have received, the State will obtain, under this act, alout One Million ecrcs of land, for the purpose named therein. It will lc your province, at the present session, to provide by law for the compensation of the surveyors and r.thcrs engaged in selecting tl:C3C lands, nnd to take such steps as WtU preserve them from waste, until such lime as the patints snail be made to the State, and the Legislature shall have determined the manner in which they shall be disposed of. I have not mflll iontrj malur cd nnv system for bringing these lands into mnrkct, or . . ...i . otherwise disposing of them. This, with other matters relating thereto, may Ik? made the subject of special communication. It would accord a ith my views, after the obiccts for which these lands were granted arc ac complished. if tho proceeds and residue were set apart to aid the Sinking l und for the redemption of the State mption debt. By the determinstion of the C m;nissioner of the General Land Office, the sales, by the several Land Offices, of ti e swamp and overflowed lands thus granted to us, will not be stopped or interfered with until they arc ascertained and ir.ark?d off as "State Lands" upon their office plats. But that if an' such lands shall have been, or hereafter be sold, bv such Land olficers, the money receive! therefor shall lie held for, and be paid to the tftatc. I have already received information of seme .,,,!, .,w and as there will doubtless be more. I sugdt tajaa t the disease. He was at his post of duty, actively engaged, day nnd nig'.it, in administering to the comforts and w;mti of the sick and dying. He was a useful man, eminently qualified to dieefieffe the duties of his office. His place will be difficult to fill. I am gratified in being able to Say that the prison was in an excellent conditiwn; entirely cleansed; and the obvsician and all others connected with ti.e prison, nobly I jj.j their dulv daring the prevalence of this disease. bv the kindness of Miss Dix, that devoted friend of priaaaara, priaoo discipline, and suffering humanity, I : mj S(.lcctcd and purchased at the East, for the use of j tjK. prisoners, two hundred volumes of Religious, His i torical, A'Tr: cultural and Biographical works, which cost the sinn of OM hundred and thirty-fight dollars and i . i . .. L I . .i..: l L I ,.t ,,-t to eonyicts regularly, who nre charged with cigll! V-clg'il c Ills, which arc Kepi nc;iu in u uoo case them : and when returned, another is taken in its place. i j, ;s vvi,j, pleasure I learn that a large pottion of the convicts rcau with interest mis cxceiicni selection . Wisdom and humanity demand that an appropriation of fifty dollars be mnde annually for the MMM of keeping up a Library. It is right und proper that men t'ms confined should be furnished with .books, that ti.cy may employ their time in reading w h M not engaged in l.ilior; I d iisl.-t not that tiie aliove expenditure, although nnauti o ized by law, will be approved by this enliglit ned body. The greater part of the work on the new buildings has been completed, and we can now dispense with thc duties of the Cnir.tuissioner to superintend thc Public Buildings, so fur. at least, as to give lhe same in chargo , to the Warden , who resides inside of thc walls, and who j should be able to superintend all the improvements we have to make. By pursuing this course, we shall save four hundred dollars a year, and be r.blc to pay your Warden one thousand dollars a year for his services in discharging thc duties that have heretofore been in the hands of thc lo. There is some doubt under the present law, how the . .... .., ii . . . 1'livsician to the prison should I e selected. :wv own that he should 1 appointed by thc State, and i . ' opinion is. be independent of the lessee. I therefore recommend thRt you provide for his appointment in the future. Your attention is cnllcu to thc very able report made by the Visitor to the prison. The highest number in the prison during the past year was one hundred and fifty-four. Of this number, sixteen have been pardoned ; three of them on account of insanity; five for good conduct, (thc pardons being granted within a few weeks of the expiration of their sentences,) and thc remaining eight were pardoned upon the application of thc Courts, Juries, nnd citizens, who were presumed to be well acquainted with each case recommended to the Executive. There is no duty devolving ujon your Executive that is more embarrassing, nnd surrounded with greater difficulties than the pardoning power. With whatever care he may watch and guard its exercise, he is liable to great ircposition. In view ol my brief experience on this subjeet, I have adopted the following rules to be observed as far as practicable in all applications. Thev are presented in this communication with thc view of submitting them toycu, and through you to our fellow citizens, believing, that they may he worthy of being mr.de the subject or Legislation, at least ot an advisory character. 1st. That in nil applications for a pardon, notice should be given ol the time when tbc same 2d. That those who represent thc would be made. State upon the trial, - . should furxish at least the substance of the evidence. Bv adopting this course, the Exccutivo wiii be relicved from deciding applications on ex parte petitions, lettera, &c., and1 ill have heliire him the evid. ncc on thc trial. This course has been pursued in tbe State of New ieik.aiel tue Jbixecutive. alter one year s experience, speaks in thc highest terms ef thc wisdom of the law. It is respectfully suggested thatpowor lie given in the trial of cases of lnrccnv, to imprison in tho county jails or State Prison ,-t thc discretion of the Jury, without regard to the value of property; or. at least, increase the limit prescribed by law for the division between grand nnd petit 'arcciiy. Intimately connected with this change in our criminal law, is the improvement in the regulations of our county prisons. By a very slight change in many counties, we may have the prisoners engaged in useful occupation. Each county should be fireparad with buildings for the reception of juvenile of. enders, no constructed end furnished as to provide for

the rejrnlnr occupation of all the inmates It is idle to ! talk of reforming the young man, who, for his first of- j

lencc. nas been convicted lor stealing properry ol 1 the value of five det'ars, and sentenced to two years imprisonment in the Ktafr Prison, ihtis pleeiaW him hy the side of the mmd-icr. We must place the foaag and juvenilo offender where bis associations and intercourse are with those who will exercise an inflaence far ITood and not Willi ten old nnd Itni'dr lied in erimp Our ! ' - - - - - . r 7 i county prisons should be converted into workshops i.to houses of industry wearing the appearand of decency ! unu oiuci . rn'iiic cinpio inciii siio.im ihj i viiuh uu oi an its occupants ; for idleness itself often proves to be the school ol vice In this wav we may not onlv reform the i prisoners, out we snouui compel wem 10 comriuuic to their own support, nnd to pa v. by the sveat of the brow. : 1 .1 ii i .i . . 1 I the penalty of the violated luw. and cost of conviction. thus directly relieving the counties from a heavy burden which they now pay to sustain those imprisoned. The convict can as well be made to perform labor for his own suppoi t in your counties as m your State Prison, The individual convicted for the first offence ; the youth ; the juvenile offender; or where the cJreontstaea of the case seem to require at the hands of the j'.iy of the county, that the imprisonment should lc in the county law. a; our prisoner thus situated will find . daily or weekly, kind parental advice, and the watchful care of those who take an interest in his welfare; and our pris:ii 1 1 -1 1 11 1 . 0115 wui occomc wiiiu incr mumiiu lie, places 1101 eiuv for punishment but for reformation. The State has an interest in what is called the Georgia Land, situated in the counties of Laurens. Montffnmprv. I i- Inir aril Fn nsL-i in tin at?it nl l.rnnMfl .... . ... . about three hundred thousand acres; which cost the c . . : .. n - - rt ,.r u Ti., . j' .. . , ;n - i t -- - -, ... . . v " - , ... - Olli' III .111 ,11 I .1111 III! HI Willi 1IIIV IO 'in' AJAIinS I - I i . Ill settling an outstanding debt due ns. the sum of two hundred and forty tlaWHUal dollars. They lie principally upon tho waters of the Oemulg and Altamaha. Bv virtue of a joint resolution pnsseil on the 16th day of Februray, 149, a contract was made with my immediate predecessor, bv which a sale of these lands, without notice, was made to Martin R. Greene, and a conveyance executed, for tbe sum of one thousand dollars. It is to be regretted that any sale was made of such a large body of lands bv the Agent of State, without reserving the right to the Legislature to confirm or reject the same. It is difficult to determine what is the value of these lands, but from information received tho past season. I have reason to believe that a large portion arc worth from fifty cents to one dollar per acre. Your officers of State, in view of the quantity of land and their cost, from the evidence before us. not necessary to he here mentioned, desiring to preserve them from passing into the bunds of innocent purcharscrs. from Mr. Greene, without notice, after mature examination. were iniiiiced to oiler the interest or tho htatc in these lands, for sale. Due notice has been given, and several propositions have been made.sme in the wav of inquiring as to tin- title; others ns to the value. No sale can lie effected so long as tbc outstanding contract and deed remain as they nre. It would require more space than is allotted for this communication, to give the full history of the transaction, anil thd ev dence upon which vom Executive acte! in offering these binds again for sale; ii i l?i -ii - i . i . allot wliicli. will, witti pleasure , br communicated to your body, or to any committee to whom the subject may be referred. It is alike due to Mr. Greene to all concerned that you should thoroughly investigate this subject. You honldi Upon that investigation. cit!er confirm said sale, and direct the surrendering of all tho title papers, or i . i . i i . . i . i you should authorize a suit to be brought to set aside the conveyance. I have no hesitation in recommending the bringing of the suit, liclieving that the State had b net rceHve nothing ti:an to take the one thousand dollars. Ti c widow and Executrix of the late Edward J ' Black, of Georgia, has presented a claim for a thousand i l.ii ! . .i c . . i - - r a . 1 dollars against tbe State, by virtue of a contract made ! by your agent of State nnd her deceased husband, rclaI tivc to these lands, which requires your investigation. On the I3thday of October, IMP, arbitrators appointed by my predecessor, by virtue of a special act of the j Leglslntnre, entitled "an act for the reliaf of Patrick McGinlcy," passed February 11, 1 I. made an award i in favor of said McGinley, against the Stntc of Indiana. j for the sum of $21.143 00; which said award, together with the papers in the caHse, as well as the proceedings. were filed in the clerk's office of ti c Floyd circuit court. On the 13th day of November, H49, two warrants were J i -i . J?- r - - : .i T drawn bv the Auditor of State upon tho Treasurer one for the sum of $11.000 dollars; the other for $3.000 both payable on the 1st day of March, 1850: which warrants were drawn upon the duly authenticated copy of said award, from the clerk of said court; the papvrs on file in said office showing that said McGinley ngreerto release the sum of So, 143 CO. that portion of saio award over the sum of $16.000 00. upon the condition tha no appeal was taken in the cause, and which sum of $5.143 00 so released, was to be appropriated to the payment of costs, expenses, &c. On the 5th day of December. 1849, my duties as Executive commenced. The b'th day of February. 150. being on a visit to the Stcte Prison at Jctlcrsonvi!l, I called on the clerk of the Floyd circuit court, and reIMated him to fipraU me the papers in the case of MeGinley. For the first time, I became acquainted with the fact, that at the time of the rendition of the award, ' Mr. Bullet, the attorney for the State, and the only person that was authorized bv the act aforesaid to nppear for the State, had prayed an appeal to the Supreme Court in the cause, and that the s.ime was granted. A copy of thc record in th - cause was obtained, and legal I gentlemen consulted, who made an affidavit of the facts of the easr-, giving the dates, See. Upon the application j to the Supreme Court, they directed the clerk to docket Um cause as an appeal. The cause is now pending in the Supreme Court. Thc warrants are vet oatataadiaa and unpaid. They are unknown to our law, and issued contrary to the uniform practice, being payable at a future time, thus giving notice to all of their character. The course adopted in this cause, has been with thc concurrent action of your officers of State; and I sincerely hope, that if the highest judicial tribunal in the State"; the one that decides ti e rights of onr citizens, has not jurisdiction in this cans,-, so as to decide the same upon its merits, that you will adopt such measures as will give that court ample power. If the Supreme Court of the State shalldeeide that this claim of McGinley is correct and just, wc should pay not only the sixteen thousand dollars, but the last dollar, wih interest, that is adjudged to him. If it should be the pleasure of your body to pay these outstanding warrants, yon aid remember that no payment c an he Made, unless thc tax is levied and the money collected. We have solemnly pledged fctir-fifths of o :r State revenue to pay our in. terest:anil the rem -itiing one-fifth i-; set apart to pay the ordinary expenses of the SU-.te. This being an extraordinary demand r.r.oa thc Treasury, it cau be met onlv by increased taxts, or by virtue of a loar. From information received from onr Senators at Washington, we shall not receive any portion of the threo per cent, fund due us. until some at tion of Congress is had upon the subject. it I . ii i . .i . r ,i - t - i our aiienti hi is caueu to tnerepoii oi vom vuaricr Master Genera!; particularly as to the propriety of providing a building for the safe keeping of the public arms. Tho report of the Agent, of fitale, exhibits the wisdom of the act of the Legislature at its last session, in thc great reduction of expenditures in that department. The suggestions contained in the report arc worthy of your Consideration. A citation lias been served on me in tbe suit of the Vincennes University against the Slate of Indiana, on a writ of error to the Supreme Court of the United States from the Supreme Court ol this Mate. It devolves up " '" provide sn what manner tue rights of tho Stati hi . . I : , i .. slmll be represented in this canse. In pursuance of the discretionary power given to thc Auditor of State and myself, settlements and compromises have been made with the lessees upon the Central Canal, ly which about $4.400 will lie realized; the repairs and incidental expenses the past year, have lcen abont $1.250. A suit that was brought, is yet pending in thc Supreme Court. - Due notice was given nnd a sale affected of that pr. tion of the canal lying North of Morgan county. The sale was made to George G. Shoup. John S. Newman, and James Rariden, for thc sum of $2,425. That portion of the canal lying in Morgan county was sold to Aaron Alldrcdge for thc sum of $fif)0. These sales are subject to be confirmed or rejected I y yon. I have no doubt that it is to the interest of tbc State to confirm : thc sales, and recommend that you take that course. The sooner the State is entirely disconnected from all public works, the better. The Convention elected by the people to form a new Constitution for tho State is still in session, and will j probably not close their labors for sonic weeks. lhe appropriation for the payment ot tue convention is already exhausted. It will devolve upon you to make further appropriations for this object. As tho amount collected by the tax levied the pa-1 I year will not be sufficient lo pay the additional expenses t of the Convention. I suggest that you anticipate the reva . ...i . r enne oi tlr coming year, ttne sntne rate o. mxau be i ing eontir.ucd;) by a loan lor tins pr.rprse, as nN !.r j tho payment of the July interest on our public, deb?. I i have no doubt bat that flic succeeding Jenuarv interest i will bo promptly met by the people through tl eircoHc t. IS. lt is vcur duty at this session to apportion the Sft'" ) into Senatorial nrd Representative districts. Pi Wie 1 opinion seems to demand a reduction of ihc immlier in i both houses. As to the character "f our legislation, ! (jnttc as much may depend upon tbe capacity of legisla tor . as neon their number. Ablo men will devote themselves to the public service for two reasons chiefly : honi rr, i . . .. or and compensation. Takmg into view the con J't'" of onr State, the character of our people, and the vast Interests which they have at stake in the establishment of a correct svstem of domestic policy, it would reew that therc too great a diffirence betwean the honors and emolument" of thc Stale aad National governments.

The public business may nnaoebtedly be disposed of with more system and order, and every interest of the Stau

may be fairly represented and t-ronerfv m-oieotpd Li House of Representatives of eventt-4U and a Wt of thirty members; provided their election shall he mada under a system liberal enough to secure to the State tbe services of her beat and ablest citizens. i ne sui.jcct et tbe colonization of the free blacks now liKirinnin i ,. Um -, - , -. IS 1 ""'""'"r n lu-mion Milien us importanec demands. The circamstanccs which snrroond us are pressing onr people to look into this subc.-et in the rig ill ligllT . anu in a proper nirit Our southern brethren arc making rapid movements towards abridging the or ii iV-e - a . . . banishment. We in the north nre adopting extraordinary means for removing them . bv prciiibiling tliem from holding property, excluding ihem from the protection of the laws, and denying them nnv rigl.ts whatever. While all this is rroinj on, dir better nature, the common sympathies of all men. are beginnin to ask these importai t questions: What it to be the erd of all ikiit It there no remtdyf Is there no curt fur thit etUf In tho midst of nil this excitement and confusion, the light breaks in upon ns. which points conclusively to colonisation as the only remedy. The infant colony of Liberia. recognized as one nmonT tlm . ... r i." . i )l TMIK f!nc m-nn tn begins now to attract the renewed attention of all trw-n' who desire to ee an entire separation of the two races. In this great struggle for tbe separation of the blackman from tbc white, let Indiana take her stand ; put her agent inn the field. Her citir.ens nre ready. Yea., thev are wil'ing to contribute of their snrnl -- 1 ' . n -. ' .-. .-FIIM-IIMIM, 1,-ir tlio -..m ..... I r 1 r ' . n i ... 1 --- - fc .... iiiiu V eate them in the native land of their forefathers I c . l tt - 1 . t V-, . . v 1 1 1 ' . ,; i . . i i n I ' ' I I . I,,', r iiriT 11: .i. I Ott.!States in this Union have their own settlement- in Lib ria. Let Indiana have hers. Let Os sustain fn - mem niaoc tiy 3ir. Ir. Bryant of Alabama, for the employlent vessels, to found an Empire in fment of government iui 11 mi-'ii.ii, a v.eii as me täte govern ments, strike at this hour for a permanent and elVcctuar5 remedy for the agitations and excitcmenj of the dayr or this difficult question. In pursuance of a Joint Resolution of the In -t session of the Legislature, a block of marble, native of tho State, was procured and forwarded to Washington, to be placed in t'nc monument now hi nrnorn ',f or..; I . 1 1 flirt . . m II .1 ri i there, to the memory of the father of his nnmm. The General Assembly did not authorize any senfiment to be placed on the "block. I took the liberty of having inscribed the following: ' Indiana knows no North, no South, nothing but the Union." I diil so. lecanse I believed. so. Iiecansc 1 believe!. !s I still b, icvc. that tl,p sentiment thus engraved on enduring marble, was written also on the hearts of our people, that it was the sentiment of the great mass of my (cllow-citizcns of Indiana, on the most agitating question of the day. Complfto unanimity is rarely the incident of human councils. In a Confederacy like ours, differing as its members do. in soil, climate and productions ; hi habits, manners and social relations; in local and sectionnl interests, it could not be expected now, any more than at iI.a l : t. . T7 , i s - . . misc. based upon mutual concessions, should be satUfac. I . . 1 - 1 liiu mi i ii ui our rcucrai onsiiiiuion. mat any com urn. torv to all. It is not a practical question whet I. er t!.oe measures of peace, recently framed by great and good nu n, in the same spirit which actuated our fathers in days gone bv, tire, in Major respect, such as meet our unqualified approval. It has been well said, that the lives of the best ! of us are siient in chnosin between evils - nd if is often i. . m - . j a houmicn duty to cntlnrc a temporary anl incidental I evil for a permanent ami inherent rood." A domestic institution, forced upon our forefathers in colonial days, ' rather than voluntarily adopted by them. ;-. for the pre. Anv sudden abandonment of that i obey, is impossible. T- , i i. . . . . enr. ine net arv policy ot our N.ii'tl t i n brethren ; r-ven us gradual reiinainsiiment is beset with difficulty.. and embarrassment. The patriots of the revolution, I convened to frame a government that has endured for , three quarters of a eentnry. has spread over half a henoisph re. the blessings of peace, of political and religion freedom, and of national prosperity; assented to the great principle that each Mate of the Lnion is sovereign, as to their internal government, and her social relations. Without this recognition, absolute nnd unconditional, the thirteen original States would never have concurred in tbc federal eompact. That was the great conservative element which bound hearts though jt could not reconcile opinions. Without that element the Union would not have lieen created then. Without it, the Union cannot be preserved now. Indiana, a central State, has always maintained a i high conservative position, especially on that exciting i question of the day. which has threatened, more crions- ! K than anv other, the iutcgrity of our confederacy of I States. She is, indeed, convinced, that she has wisely selected her own domestic policy. She is satisfied with the degree of prosperity, under that free policy, she has attained. Our State was the nineteenth admitted into the Union. In wealth, in agriculture and commercial importance, she is now the fifth, if indeed she lie not the fourth. Of the eighteen States which coin posed the Lnion when wc were admitted, four, at most, are now in our f.uvance: and not f those since admitted. has come within sioht of us. Maintaining her position ahead of all her v linger sisters. Indiana has walked quietly in advance of fourteen of the ohb-r StRtcs. In our onward progress wc have uniformly acttnl toward j each, eipiai to equal. Our compacts with t!ic Great 1 confederacy to which we belong, and every membr of if. have licen faithfully kept in letter and in spirit. Neither by legislative act nor otherwise hive we withheld from any Citizen of the Union the rights which, under the federal compact, are assured to him. To this (lav no cause cf complaint has been given ; nor. so far ns I know, has pom plaint lcen made against Indiana, bv any St ite in the Union. Above all. Indiana recognizes the imperative duty, . by every gonl citizen, of oiK-dicnce to the laws of the I land. i Whatever difference of opinion may exist as to the late compromise measures enacted by Congress, however ultra men in the North or in tbe South may oppose or denanncc them, there is but one course of action for thc true patriot to pursue: nnd that is, unhesitatingly ; and in good faith to carry out their enactments. There is no safety for property, for liberty, nor for life, except in t he absolute supremacy of the fnw. There is no higher duty of thc citiz n than to maintain, by word : and deed, that supremacy. As wc value the I.e.; age, ! rich boy Pad all price, purchased not with silver or gold, , but with thc life's blood of tiie good and brave that ber1 itagc bequeathed to us by our fathers, and which we, in turn, must bequeath inviolate to our descendants let u j bear in mind, that the first public act of dnMatodaaOao to I law. is the first fatal step on the downv. aid road to anarchy. Tho Constitution of this great Confederacy, written on parchment, may be rent asunder, if it be not written also on thc hearts nnd affections of thc people. It is written on ours. We love, we repcct it, we give if our : highest sanction, alike for the sake of the sacred princij p'es, guardian of hnman liberty, embodied ia its provia- ; ions, ii'i ill.- un il ui. ii iv .in on :-.) i i: i.aie t-.i;ii i.uut-r i its rule ; and in memory also r,f that band of great and j good men, who conceived and established it. This troth sh uhl be understood by our people, tüat this Union eaaI not be preseived by force. If it could, it would not ho worth preserving. The bonds and ligaments that bind ns together, are moral ntul not prysicnl. irur glortoas Union is or.c of consent and not of force. It is a Union of confidence, of trust, of love, and of affection. Whert these are gone, thc Union loses all its attraction and value. At no hour of onr history l ave we required, morethan at thi present, fn infusion into cm councils of that spirit in which the articles of onr confederacy were first conceived. As rcpr-sentiives. as cap izens of Indiana, ns citherns of the Untied States,, we have difficult, delicate, important duties to perform. Foremost among these is the obligation to oppose, by every lawful means, that spirit of fictions, fnnaticism, able suicidal wherever it has birth, which, insiduously assumes thc garb, in one section, of philan thropv. in another, of State rights. By speech, by action, hy concession, bv forlienrnncc. by compromise, by the influence of moral suasion and the strong power of kindness, bv each and nil of these means, let us seek to allay the spirit of lawless misruU . that spirit which installs each man's opinion tho arbiter of constitutional? rights, or which coolly estimates thc value of this Un-. ion. and looks with steady eye on a separation of these S-ates. the certain herald of bloodshed and a thousand" horrors, a separation to I surely and speedily followed by war, in its most odious form, servile, perhaps, as well as civH war among those of the same race, the same name, thc same blood war that shall bring together in hostile rray, neighbor against neighbor, brother against brother, son against sire. To avert calamities so direful, Indiana will cast, even t ) the last, the entire wciaht of her influence. She will j . J' 35 'ante lust to each and every memher of tue conieueracy to the Constitution jnst to the laws. Mio wiir bide bv tent Comt?tntonV-abide by I i taw, end above all, she will abide by the- (am promises made hy our fathers the compromises made by the great and" wood men of this day. She will hope, she will pray, l that the same kind and nverultng Provident c which 1 watched over our U-tbcr at thc adoption of the Con-ti-t ui i eve! ; .1 in , wul direct their ons also f pence, end enable ne to 'acred instrument . a guide . as it has ever been in tbe in t lie paths olwiauom a no transmit to posterity that n.-id a blessing in the Futun I'ast. , 1 ' : Indiana takes her stand in the ranks, not of SnUhirn flrttinu, u r yei oi iuk i hi.k i . r- - . ',- if"i.a J.olf on tl.o l.nsi. ot the Constitution: and takes her . , w nF,TIirv ; tb rnk F Am"' josF.Vh a WRIGHT, -on iftin "tcemoer jti, ioov. ' ItTFor act ompnning tab a ee next page. nor yet of Northern nr.sTiw She plants