Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 9, Number 44, Indianapolis, Marion County, 4 April 1850 — Page 2

3nMana State Stnttncl. - IIII51L VI6ILAHCE IS THE PKICC OT UltlTT. '

I.'OIAM.41OL.IS, AFKIL. 3, 18SO. Our Terms. The following wiil Lereafier te the permanent terms of the Weekly Indiana State Sentinel: CrPayroeiitä to be miJe always ia advance. One copy, one year, $2.00 Three copies, one year, 5.10 Fife copies, one year,. .8.00 One copy during the session,-. 50 Ten copies, in club?, one year, .. 15.00 Seiui-IVcckly. (Published three times a week during the session.) One copy, $1 00 Three copies, $10.00 One copy during the session, .............. 1 JX) All papers will be stopped at the end of the term paid for, unless the subscription is renewed, except to those with whom we have other unsettled business accounts. ny person sending us a club of ten, with cash, at the rate of 1.50 each, shall have a copy gratis for one year. For a greater number than ten, the gratuity shall be increased in proportion. All postmasters are requeeteJ to act as agents, ar.d as such, by a recent decision of the department, they are authorized to frank letters for the benefit of subscribers. TERMS FOR ADVERTISING PATENT MEDICINES. Tu prevent confusion and to MVS time, we tiate our term for adterttiine Patent Medicine, vis : Fifty cents per aquare to the semi-weeklv edition for the Orst Ineerttoa, aad twenty 0. ccnta per equate tor each rabarqueat hurrUofl, when tor not less than thiee imintbt. Over three wwubs, 50 cent per aquar fnr lha first, and 20 cent per aquare for each ulequenl insertion. Each advertisement will have at learf one insertion in the Weekly without additional cost. For insertions in the Weekly continuously, double the above P'cuts. when agreed lobe Insetted, will be charged double for I be pnee they occupy. Eicht lines of Nonpareil, or 350 eins, count a square. Appointments bjr Hie Governor. Her. Love H. Jamison of the county of Marion, Trustee of the Indiana Asylum for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb. - William M. Noel, Private Secretary of tha Governor, in place of Andrew J. Carr, resigned. Nathaniel Lee, Probate Judge of the county of Vigo, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Andrew Wilkins. By Telegraph to Madison Courier. Dentil or Senator Calhoun. Washington, April 1. The Hon. John C. Calhoun died at his residence, Capitol Hill, on Sunday morning, at ten minutes past eeven. Conviction of Webster. The jury io the case of Dr. J. W. Webster, charged with the murder of Dr. Parkman, returned a verdict of "guilty on Saturday night last. April Election Centre Township. The following is the result of the election in Centre towhsbip on Monday last : For Justice cf the Peace. James McCready, (elected,) 472 John T. Morrison, - 357 Wm. M. Beck, 353 Sam!. Longnecker, (not a candidate.) ....17 For Inspectors of Elections. Andrew A. Loudon, (elected,) 680 Matthew Little, (elected.) ...583 James Sulgrove. 559 J. M. W. Lnngsdale. 494 For Constables. George W. Moore, (elected.) 947 O. II. P. Bly, (elected,).. -674 John H. Batty (elected,) 656 Samuel A. Perry, (elected,) 443 Milton Foudray, 308 304 293 Geo. W. Pitts,. Sampson Barbee, Abher Smith,. 246 For granting license to sell spirituous liquors,. 521 . Against license," 746 Majority against license, 225 Whole number of votes polled, .1362 The Amebican Gold Double Eagle has made its appearance at the East ; they are about the size of the silver dollar. On one side it has the old original head of Liberty," with the word "liberty," across the forehead, surrounded by tbc thirteen States, and stamped "1850." On the reverse is the coat of arms of the Union, being the figure of an eagle with spread wings, of different design to those on any other coin, with arrows, olive branch and shield, and the motto "E Pluribus Unum" on scrolls on eilher side. The eagle is surrounded with the words "United States of America." "Twenty D.," and has immediately over it a circle of thirteen small stars. The coins are well enough perhaps, but we prefer an increase of smaller ones. We hope the coinage of the gold dollar will not cense. ilr. Schenck bas proposed a more practical reform in the currency, by improving silver coins. He proposes to get rid of the old Spanish bits and quarters, and to coin twenty cent pieces. We think the quarter dollar ought to be retained, and that new cents of mailer size ehould be made, of alloy. CrWe copy the report of a speech recently made tt Philadelphia by our townsman, Hon. 0. H. Smith. We do not subscribe to his views relative to the Whitney project, but the speech is valuable in other matters, and Mr. S. is entitled to thanks for presenting so forcibly the great resources cf Indiana, and her neighbors, to the consideration of the capitalists of Philadelphia. The speech will at least aid in let- ! a. 1 it a I . im eastern men aiiuw mat mere is sucri a ctt&te as Indiana, and that she is worthy of some attention. If we ever see the completion of a direct eastern line of railroad, giving a chance to get products to a good market, we ourselves shall be as much astonished as others at the results. . What use would all the gold of California be to the people there if they could not send it or carry it abroad. No more than our rich soil has been to os in the whole central portion of the State, until we got the Madison railroad. That road has done wonders in developing industry and its fruits an eastern road will do tenfold more. The North American says We need scarcely invite special attention to the speech of the Hon. O. H. Smith, delivered at the late meeting at the Sansom Street Hall. It exemplifies in the strongest manner the necessity of Philadelphia completing tier great link, and thus securing the terminus of the mighty chain of railroads now penetratin?, or beffinnini to penetrate, from Putsbnrrh. westward into the richest depths of the Mississippi ' D a r - " I v auey. xiis remarss ana statistics win De round in the highest degree interesting." Light! Kinnear's celebrated and newly invented Oxygen Lard Lamps is now for sale at Ihe store op. : . . . r i t i ... t . m. . poane ine uroncn wni, wasiiingTon street, llws certainly appears to be tie best lard lamp we have yet seen. It gives as much light as three randies, ana is saia to -cost dui a toira as inucn as one candle. For summer use especially, ws consider il first rate article ; and this seems to be the general opinion, for withio a week or two of their first appearance here, hundreds have been sold and are in use by our citizens. (JWe Have been favored by a friend at Madison with a copy of the Bill or Fake set forth at the Madison Hotel' on the 28th ultimo. Asa specimen of printing, said bill is really creditable to the office from whence it emanated, but in regard to the eating and drinking--not having been indulged with a per sonal inspectioa thereof we hare nothing further to say.

'Grand Juries. We quote on article from the State Sentinel, recommending the abolition of Grand Jurit: and we would call special attentiou to the subject. This is a much needed reform one that would save much expense, and prove a benefit t the people. Grand Juries are a relic of u monarchical government, entirely useless and contrary to the principles of a republic. ' Hut what arrangement will supply their place? The cheif business r.f a Grand Jury i, to examine criminal charge, decide upon their merits and prepare indictment' fir the action rf the court. All of I lies can be a well, or beller, done by the Justice of the Peace and the Prosecuting Attorney. Lt those who have any complaint to make, make it before iime Justice, by whom a warrant cau be issued, the proof heard, for and against tlie accused, and a commitment made if the evidence shall justify - it. Require the Justice to reiurn'al) his commitments to the Prosecuting attorney ten days before the session of the Circuit Court. Indictment can "then be prepared by this officer and the cases ready for prompt action by the court. Such a plan is liable to none of the objections that rest with euch force against our present system. It raves all the cost of selecting, summoning and paying the Grand Jury. It gives the accused a chance to be heard and to establish his innocence, when the first accusation is made, without resting, for six months under a charge that may have no foundation but the malice of an enemy, and no object but the blackening of character. It would save much of the. cost that is now incurred i;i trying cases that have no real merits when the accuseds heard. It would give the Prosecuting Attorney time to draw up his indictments with care; s ll:at the guilty would not escape through any technical mistake. . We will not stop, now, to argue the many points of this proposed plan. Upon a littlo reflection, we thitik.it will commend itself to all, and meet with such favor as wo-jJd secure its future adoption. Per' rysvüle Eagle , Whig.

The Printing or Cong k ess. Three or four years since, Congress adopted the contract system for the execution of government printing that is, the printing was given to the lowest bidder, instead of each house electing its printer and paying them rates established by law. The new system has been tried repeatedly by the Stales, and it has invariably proved a failure; but the most signal failure we have known, is that we am remarking upon the priotiug of Congress by contract. The work would disgrace the newspaper press. The paper is light and flimsy, and dark-colored Ihe ink, any of the intervening colors between snowy white anil sooty. The work is of the most slovenly character, and the belter opinion now i, that the whole of the printing done during the last few years, will have to be reprinted ere another quarter of a century rolls round, at an expense of perhaps a million of dollars. . This subject is now creating as .much excitement in Congress as can be spared from the slavery agitation. They have discovered that they hae been gaining a loss. Nut only is the work bad, but there is so much delay in the execution of it, that the business of Congress is greatly retarded thereby. Several members, witliout regard to party, are now seriously engaged in retracing their Eteps. And the sooner they do so, the sooner will they show a proper regard for the public interest. Under the old system of electing the printer, the public work was elegantly and promptly executed. Let them return to it again. M' bile Register. We observed some weeks since that Senator Bright bad made a movement on this subject, and justly condemned the present system as disgraceful. We hope he will be able to effectuate a reform. Gbape Cultuke at the West. According to statistics accurately prepared by the Cincinnati Horticultural Society, the number of acres ia vineyard culture within a circle of 20 miles around that city is 743, under charge of 264 proprietors and tenants. When in full bearing they produce at the most 149 600 o-al-'of acres now moderate estimate fur a series of years Ions of wine anuually. The number in bearing is a little over 340. In Clark county, Indiana, there are between 150 and 200 acres iu cultivation, and the culture of vineyards is steadily on the increase. The average quantity of wine produced is about 200 gallons per acre, which is sold at the press at 70 to 60 cents per gallon. Our City. As one of the evidences of the increase of our city, we note the fact, that at the April election on Monday last, there tvere nearly or quite 400 more voles polled than were ever before polled at a township election, the whole cumber being about 1100. We have no doubt but at least 200 more will be poll ed in August next,-providing residences can be built fast enough to accommodate them. One hundred tene ments coulJ be leased in one week now ; and we do not believe the five hundred buildinsrs, (the number which will probably be erected this seison,) will be any thing equal to the wants of our rapidly increasing population. Ladies! Are yon all familiar with the Fancy Store, got up for your express benefit 1 If not. we re fer you to the advertisement in this paper. At this establishment, we see not how one can fail to obtain any article they desire, from a gay wedding dress to the sombre habiliments of the mourner, and that at reasonable rates. Another advantage our female country friends will find ; lhat is, they are nailed on by one of their own sex, and not exposed to the insulting stares of booby counter-jumpers, who know, nine limes iu ten, little more of good breeding than of their business. We advise those interested to call, at least. (fc-The New Albany Bulletin attempts to be se tere upon us, on account of some remarks of ours about the West and the political attitude which it should occupy. Our assailant is a little incoherent, but we can cheerfully forgive all bis faults in consid eration of the fact that he gives bis readers the bene fit of our remarks. We suspect that he really is , : At it it would not do, of course, pleased with them, but for him to say so ! A Warning. We understand that a man named N. A. Hurd is getting subscribers for the Louisville Journal and pocketing the money. Hurd haa no au thority to get subscribers for us, and, if he represents .1... I. I u : - ji nr. ji . - iiia i nv im, nc is a ewinuier. v e iniena to investigate the matter of his conduct, and, if it is as we are informed, we hall have him tried for the penitentiary. JjouiSTuie Journal. Stop. there, Mr. Journal. . Please don't send him to the penitentiary uuiil he has forked over" about the sum of ten dollars out of which lie swindled us some years ago ; or if he won't " shell out," be kind enoosh 1 " C the jury to add a few months on our account. Maatson uanner. Don't stop ! ssy we. This same fallow, or one of the same name, undertook Ihe same game with us. Not being able tu succeed, he soaped a cotemporary, whom we tltovghl honest; and together they both did succeed in " putting us through " to a very handsome littlo amount. We hope one of the "happy pair" may be made to "do the State some service" yet. When rascals are Hatch-cd, they are eure to Hurd together. 0- Correspondents must be patient, and bide their time in rrgular order. We do the best vie can loocmommodate them. Tcrxmke Lettings. See the advertisement another column for Turnpike Lettings at Vevsy. is worthy the attention of contractors. in It tyySen the advertisement of Capt. Love, of the Dragoon service, for horses. A first rate chance lo seM good horses for good pay. G3Mt is stated that Richard W. Thompson de clines t!;e Austrian Mission, tendered to him by the administration.

Dy Te'rgraph. Coiircioii;il. Washington, March 29, 1650. The Senate was not in esaion to-dy. House. After routine buMiics, the bill appropri. ating 100,C0O to the raptors of the frigate Fhliadelphia. in the harbor of Tripoli, came up, and an animated debate followed. Finally the bill was laid on the table yeas 101, nays 53. Mr. Holmes, from the commiltvi sppointed to investigate the' charge of Preston King, relative to the mutilation of the Journal by the Speaker mode a re

port, part of which was substantially the same as heretofore stated by the Speaker himself. Mr. King, the report eny. did write the rraolution to "end de bate mi the California Massage" or bill but requested the CIrk to (ill up the blank. The resolution before the blank was filled, on motion of Mr. King was laid 011 the table. King understood his motion to refer to stopping debate m Doty bill. The Speaker understood the motion to refer to debate on the California Meesoge.then pending in Committee of the Whole. The Committee have no doubt, if the motion had been r"dticrd to writing before tlie que.tion was stated by the chair the Speaker would have decided it out of order, as the bill I ad not bcrii referred to tlie Com mittee and the Message had. The Journal was made to c.informilh the undcritanding of the Speaker, and as corrected was read next morning. In the opinion of the Committee there was no mutilation; the Speaker did his duty and no more. A resolution was proposed in accordance wi h these facts and dis charging the Committee from the farther consideration f the sul'ject, which was adopted and together with the testimony ordered to be printed. The House adjourned until Monday. Washington, March 23, 13D0. Senate. Mr. Benton gave notice of a bill provid ing for the construction of a railroad from St. Louis to San Francisco. Mr. Clay's resolution discountenancing funeral hon ors to members of Congress dying during recess, was laken up a rid. passed. 'The Compromises or the Constitution." We are continually remiuded of "the compromise of the constitution" of the fact that the Union was founded in "compromise" especially, that certain delicato questions, growing out of the existence of slavery in the States, were made matters of "compromise I and that but for these "compromises" the constitution never would have been formed as though all subsequent legislation, the most remotely connected with the question of slavery, ehould also be made matters of "compromise." "But one would naturally suppose, if certain exciting questions were compromised at the formation of the constitution, that all necessity for further compromises touching the same subject, was superceded thereby, and tht the constitution itself would furnish an ample guide to all subsequent legis lation upon the questions thus compromised. Yet, according to the prevailing sentiments of the day. "constitutional compromise instead ot having settied anything, only birer a necessity fir "legislative j compromises, grounded 011 IIiu same irame-worK. These "compromises of the constitution" are. how ever greatly minapprehendeU. Ihey are represented aa romnromises ht ween the free and the slave States as compromises between tneyrce ana me stave oiates . in relation to the existence of slavery in the latter. This is not true. They were not. compromises be-! twecn the free and slave States in any sense of the phrase, and cannot be so designated ; but were compromise. bc,ec fa anli-atery stniimentspe, vading the slave Stoles, at the formation or the constitution. At that time all the Slates the whole thirteen with a single exception were slave Statea. The attempt, therefore, to arraign ihe free States for an alleged violation of an implied compact formed

wiin me aiave oiaies at mc origin ot me government, er craft.pl upou these iiers, with a lunnage of Ter 200,is Without pretext, as there were no such parties to 000 tons, navigated fcy orer 25,000 men, at an expense of j. , a nnn rit i lt. . . ..

the original contract. Augusta, Me., Age. Important Decisiont-Wife securing $5,000 tor e . a the loss or her iicsBAND. l lie interesting case 01 Elizabeth Hubgh vs. Carrolton Railroad Company, in which the plaintiff sued for $10,000 damages, for the killing of her husband by the explosion of the locomotive on the Carrolton railroad last December, was DrouSnt ,0 conclusion last Saturday evening, by a feret r tne Pontiff for $5,000: The evidence of which showed very clearly, that the locomotive was a ery clearly, that the locomotive was a very old one, and the boilers were worn very thin;! that frequently complaints were made of -their condition. as cein? entirely unfit lor use. rieccs ot the boiler were exhibited to the jury. They were as thin as old dime pieces. It was also proved that Jacob Hubgh, the deceased, was an excellent engineer, ex perienced, skilful, and very prudent. Judce JJuchanan charged that there was no doubt about the law's authorizing the plaintiff tu recover in such a case, if the fact established the damages. The jury, after tetirinj; ten minute, returned with a verdict for plaintiff of $5,000. The plaintiff is a I poor German woman, with two children. llns is. we believe, the only case that has ever occurred in this country, where the wife has recovered damages for the loss of her husband. A. CI. Delta, '22nd. Railroad Mania. The Philadelphia Ledger very sensibly warns the country against running into extravagance in the projection 01 railroads. There are now in the United Sia'es about 8,500 miles of railway completed at a cost of $230.000.000, and bef ire the close of the year, at least ÖOUO miles more will be in contemplation. . Some few of these lines when completed will pay an interest on their cost but a far greater number will for years net the proprietors under two per cent. Every one must remember the furor upon this sub ject from 1835 lo 1310, and the million that, in a blind zeal, were buried beneath railroads and canals, then begun, which are now dilapidated and in ruins, or entirely Io6t eight of. The lerriblo bankruptcy that followed was so immense in magnitude, that nothing less than that great national sponge, the bankrupt law, was capable ot wiping it out. Still later in Lngland, the railway mania produced a general bankruptcy, and prostration of business that was terrible. These things should be remembered. ' Senator Benton and the Public Lands. The following letter from Senator Benton, addressed to the German National Reform Association of St. Loui i, in reference to the granting of the public lands to actual settlers has been kindly furnished by our friends of the Girman Tribune fur publication : Whshington Cits', Feb. 20, 1850. M"trt' Pickles, Gottschalk, Pelelert Benck'ndorff, Kehr, Sir emmet and J. P MdUr : Gentlemen:-Your letter and the petitions which accompanied it, were duly received and by me presented to the Senate, and thence referred to the proper committee, and Iheir object will have my support as it has bad heretofore. -Many years since I brought in bills to graduate the price of public lands, lo make donations lo actual settlers, and lo grant the refuse to the States in which they lie. The donation feature of that bill now receives much favor, and I expect to see it ripen Into a law. Yours truly. THOMAS II. BEATON. Webster's Trial. Boston, March 29. The de fence in Webster's case dosed jesterday afternoon. The amount of it is, Dr. Parkman was seen in Ihe streets of Boston by eeveral witnesses from thirty minutes to three hours after the time, when it ia al leged he was murdered in the Medical College. färThe boilers of the steamer Troy exploded re cpuliy online r.nc, near curiaio. liie scene was terrible. At least 12 lives were lost, and many per I sons injured. Philadelphia Ledger. This valuable paper has I been enlarged. Its daily edition ia about forty thou sand copies ! Tho "Dollar Weekly," connected with the Ledger, is worth five times its cost. Or-The bill for electing prosecuting attorneys by the people l.as passed the Pa. Senate. A bill has passed the House providing for ihe election by the people of the Auditor and Surveyor Generals. .tV-The office of the " Cineiunati Police Gazette" was recently destroyed by a mob. It is said to have been a disreputable paper. 0- A meeting has been held at St. Louis, denun j ciatory of Foote's recent assault on Benton, ia the U. S. Svtiate. . . .

Fi om the Philadelphia North American. Substance of Speech of Hon. Oliver II. Smith, of Ciuliaua. At Sansom Stmt mil, 01 the Central Riilroai, en the Uth intt. - " GrFUtum It fcirrs irtr much tleasure to bare this rppoit unity atrHl'4 a.t 1'et-ii'ft sj It'ge a d lesnectable au audir-nce of ri'izrus .f m- naiive S ate on subject of common itilere! tu us all I refer lo the real Cet.tial Railway. We live, eii lemeo, in pr.ieire ae f Ihe woild; nta are moving onr the ! and ih- 1 i d with Hie velocity of the wind-j while the eimmur.ic'i ti of their thoughts ia male with the spee) of the 1 -shining. - The worlt teems t be ia a great huny; rv n 'he (tea rar rem. 10 be loo tardy in in movement, ait t ihe report from Ihe luhtoing rods are impatiently wimd f i if a few minutes elap e before the receipt of intelligence from lemote parts of the globe. I say il if a wetsJrtful ae, and we a-c an at"tiilii.ig people. Aof yeteiJy. a few Statt f. iruii.g Ihe Atlantic comprised the Sta rt of the Uni, and the Vct was Ihe valley of the &liisij''L The West sn then what he Centre i rove, at.d the n iw Wet was then 'he unknown. The spirit f f im pr re 111-ut and the eueigy of the people hare kept pace Willi the ptpgrena nf the ag in a pe-emiuenl d-gtee. Cat few yrei ago and the McAlami-ed toad wn coo-ilered a wnndeiful iortDtij: and wbi-u canals, locking (he boats up and down upon the watet, vteie brought into use, it was supposed that no futthcr imiTovrment could be made or wou 1 be necessary. Still, we have lived 10 see Ihe construction of new canal ao obsolete idea; aod the power of tiearn ex rt ita uuiivalled away over the Imd, at well a oxer Ihe water. With ihe entiie assent of the see, railroad have become the order of ibe day, and be wh taUi of any other, mode of cuiiveyiog freist and passeogeis between distant points is behind the times. Cur possessions, and our people, have become o vastly extended, covering a leriiury reaching fiotn the h ires of

the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocein, that it i due to our btethrcu on tr e Pacific, as well as la otnsrlvea, who reside ia the Eatt sod the Centre, that we should be connected by tailroad, extending from ibe Atlantic 10 the Pacific, and I caunot permit myself to doubt Ihe const iticti.m of auch a railway, at comparatively an early day, aod that too, ood the Hoe of our central railway to tit. Louis, and up the Alissoni river. Such road will be demanded by both private aod public consiJeia'ion, and I hetilate not to say, that it will be made. The indefatigable Mr. Whitney is tili pressing bis route and hi plan. I certainly do not desiie to interfere in tha matter, but candor curopels me to say, ibat in my opiuion, bis route ia too far north, to answer the purpose of the centre; and Iii plan is wholly impracticable; ibe means be loik lo can never construct Ihe mad. A work of auch vait magnitude and such immense coat, (not less thao $100 -000,000 ) will not, iu my opinion, be constructed in this geneialiun, uulea the government comes tip to Iba woik directly or indirectly wiib energy and power. 1 now proceed to apeak moie dhectly of the importance to Du I delphia, and the cities, towns aod country along Ihe line, of cnttuctint: the gieit Central Railroad from Phila delphia, ibtoiigh Pitt-boigh and Indianapolis, to St. Louis. Gentlemen will please follow my pointer as I trace the lines on the maps and show their connections, and the direction the iiade of the West is now taking. Here Mr. 8. traced minutely the line J, which the nader may do on the maps 1 Dy these lines you have distinctly hced before you thi gieat chain of lailway, which is yet to connect the Atlantic cities with the Pacific Ocean, pawing through Ihe centie of Ibe gieit Misjuuppi vsi'ey. am apprised that too many of tue people of the Eastern cities hare been accustomed to look upon t ie trade and bu inesi t-f the Mississippi valley as of no conieuuence. Fiom this remaik I must except the ci'izuns of New Yoik. That cily has put f irth hei energies and her means, and now stands with ouutieiched arms lo receive the commeice of our mighty valley, arid by the aid uf her railways, penetrating the heait at Ibe valley, and eoneetnii them wi b the lakes she is fa t diveitine a trade I to h r embrace, lhat was once seen in Ibe gtasp of Phila delphia! and let ma say, 10 fiankness to (he citizens of my amaft.a . 1 1 S 1 . S eVW. 2. a : . I.. I . ft. S v" , " u e u i, ouaioess rciaU"ut " di,,y P""'" P' new channels of trade are dailr 0Deninir on liT1, r0lltel , liv.. lhaI it will h. . . ; no, imi)0..s, 1. r,r vou l0 dir.,t ,f i,fi i0 i,, 1 am sailfied vuu will concur witti me in 01-ioion. after you bare weighed ihe facia and stati.ticj I am about 10 pie,eni 10,1 ,M "' commerce and Dusiness or ibis, SrÄSU" CVSSlStt t in b.lf a century moie ? Who can tell. I ak your atteuton to some statistics connected with this wunderful eoustry, known as the Mimifn Valley. Theie aic 16,o4 miles 01 nveri, peneiraiing luurteen Mttcs, that empty "VLr. ,er, lhrough ,he SL Ltwiet.ee 1500 teameu, besides oihover jiu,uuu,uuu, aoa auriuany iianpoiiMg mercfiiudie to an amount over $250,000,000. Take the single poi t of Net On lea its. The produce of the up cuuotiy that icached New Oi leant in the year 1846, amounted tu moie than over $93,000,000, requiring over 2000 vessels to cairy utf its surplus. Let us move up the lirer MmisMjipi, 01 the map, lo St. Loch, where my pointer now ieti. la the year 1849 the cxporta aod impoits of the city of Si. L iois wer over $100000,000 equal to one-lhiid of all Ibe foreirn commeice of the United Stales lhat fl ati in American boitjm. There I ttried at i j ers, aod ov I the city f that port in the same year upwards of 3900 steamTer 900 flits, keels and barges. The commeice of the city f Cincinnati I am unable 10 ulee, but it appioxi10 M" 31 r, P"Pi'on i much (f.eater, , 100 , ,nd w, ,h beitlB " These facts give some faint idea of ihe rait business of the West, pteset.t and pr i'psc'ive, and of the impoiUnce to this city of being c-nncted with i', at Ihe earliest posible day, by a aontiiiunus line of substantial railway. I am aware that tho eyes if many look lo Pittsburg as the goaf of their tcÄ?s and hopes(or, if Ihey look beyond, it is merely to tep over to Cincinnati oi it. Louis, nodding to Western Ohi , Indiana and Illinois as they pass. It is assuredly trie ihit the road must be made to PUUburgh, before you can avail yourselves nf any special benefits fi m tbe inteiior of tbe cuntiy or roads beyond; but it is equally tiue, as I shall attempt to show you, ih t however impoitant and profitable your load may be when constructed to PilUbuigh, its gieatest benefits aie lobe ultimately de rived Ibiouh Ibe country aod road passing t!iruuh the in teiior upon the direct hue to if. Louis. It would r quire more time ttun would be prudent In me to occupy on this occasion, aa you have heard oue addiesa already this evening, t speak of Western Ohio and Illinois, and their trade and buiness; you may judge of ihem from what I have lo say of Ikdiana, of which it becomes me to speak. Wben I first saw her beautiful foreMs and praries, io the year 1817, he-contained a population of about 70,000. We now have a population of at least 1,000,000, and are stsnding ia Ihe fouith rank of States, and by the censua of I860, she will advance one step in tbe gtlaxy of States that form this gluoo Union, ihe most of her teriitoty, comi$ti;ig of 23,460,600 acres, was then in the occupancy of the red man of Ibe forest, who has long since departed for his home, cither beyond tbe imsiSMppi, or io another, and we bpe a happier state of exigence. At Jhis time there aie but about 3,271,000 acres of public lands in the Slate, and iu few years every acte will be held by individual. Tbe suit of the State is untu parsed fr fertility, while tbe praiiiet aie not so large as to preclude settlements over them. There aie tu tbe Suis 7740 aquare miles of bituminous coal, iron ore iu abundance, and the water power is ample for manufacturing purposes. Io IS43, the esiimi'e of our wheat ciop was 8,000,000 of bubel, ani the pork railed for Ilia mark.t 600,000 hogs, woilh $3,000.000. Tbe coin crop was proportionally larger thao lhat of the wheat. I do out propo-e to go int the atatistica of the products of Ihe State, or to speak of her colleges, sciences and schools, but merely refer to a few sti tides of produce, to show Ihe cbaiacter of the countiy, even al this day. The line oi the Central Railroad, with which your road will connect, running from Terre Haute oo ihe Wabash, thr iugh Indianapolis to the line of tbe State of Ohio, will do the most of the local busiues of twenty-one counties on the line, containing taxables lo the amount of $39,193,322, nd 33.63S taxable polls. Our seat of Government contained in 1840, only s population of 2,692, now it contains about 7000, aod is i adidly swelling into a large inland city. You tee, gentlemen, what Indiana was and is, from wbicb you msy judge what she will be. Has Philadelphia do inteiest in the trade of Indiana f Acto York bas aDswered tbe Ques tion as to herself, and I leave it for Philadelphians to answer for their beautiful city. I cannot doubt tha answer. But bow can she secure a goodly portion of it f I answer. but to one way, and lhat is by availing herself of ber doeilioo, and by using her means in tha only way lo accom plish tbe end, and that is by completing ber central line of railway eontiuuouM to rittiburg, without a moment's un necessary delay, and then, by aiding os with ur lines west of Pittsburgh in conatructing our roads through tbe inteiior of our great valley to connect with you. Donations for the purpose are not asked: are not expected; but we do ask Ibat you hall subscribe to a woik ibat will add largely lo your estates, ana yet nave tne eueci to aid us in our work; you ill first have tbc stock, worth all you give for it; and sec ondly, you will enhance the Value of your real estate lrre ly, while you will sua much to the prosperity and Dusinets of your cherished city. 1 hope to learn that you bars step ped forward and given Ihe necessary aid lo your worthy President and Directoie, to enable Ihem to put Ibe balance of Ibe lias under conti act to Pittsbuigb, and to complet it. I a very eaily day. When this is done, and even before, if you say so, we shall be very happy to receive jour aid in the same way to our links in tbo gieat chain. I desire yooi attention to a view of the subject that may require some explanation, which I will endeavor to give, as I I plain licta the mans. The idea that' I wish to explain is, that a mexe connection at Pittsburgh, however necessary, and valuable t) you, will never meet tne dimcalies you nevs to encounter in your competition with New Yoik end Bos on for the trade of fie Mississippi Valley. The line must be extended from Pittsburgh vest thiOugb the interior of Ohio, Indima, and Illinois to St. Louis t tbeu, and not till then will you be able lo icaliza ths valus of your Cental Rail mad. Thi idea is not by aoy means confined to myself; it is common to all who have carefully examined tbe subject Mr friend. Mr. Robcit', who i chief cngioeer of the Penn sylvania aod Ohio road west of Pittsburg, hat tendered your city invaluable service in his clear and prcticabie views, ana active cxeitions in accoi dance with them, which will eatitlc him to a monument, to be eiect d to bis memory, on the highest peak oo the line. But why i Philadelphia so much interested in encoding the line west of Putsburg, it may be asked f I answer became her policy, and that of Ibe road. ia that the trade and travel of tbe whole inferior, passing esat, should not touch ihe Ohio river until it reaches Pfff. burgh i then, and not till then, is it secured for the PhilooVcaia'ioute. It will be by ths Central route from Phila delphia through Pittsburg, Indianapolis, Terrs Haute and Yandalia, but loriy-etgni nours at twenty mttes tne nur run to St Louis; so that a liaveller upon Ihs railroad will be . ki. i,. ii.val from Kt. T.oui. ta Philadelphia before lha trav. tiler on the Steamboat can possibly icaca Louisville. But I cau peihaps bo better understood, by tunning tbc line fron '

Pittsburgh u est io Indianapolis, an1 shewing the effect of connecter this line at thai piot with the lailroad centering there. The line weal fiom PnMburri tun brouKh B raver, SSSÄBÄ SÄ SwÄ: uACie,j4airsoi,nJieaieololr.a!rj)o;,io the State of Indiana, anrt from thence throuxh Trne llame, aod Vandalia, ti Si. Ivui. Ilaving pointed uui the route on the map, I proceed to show the effect of this line upon the Pittto all this western extension all io her rxiwer. This road j will connect at Indiana puli- with ix railioad, of an azgte- :

gata length of 00 miles, radiating fiurn the caniial to every , Cincinnati is, fiom the Raatern and At'ai tic cities. My position is. Ih it it is essential lo ihe city if Philadelphia lo tnsat the isür.a l of Indiana, at fie capital of fist Stte, and pas the tiade and travel diieit y ihnxigh on a continuous route tj Pittsburgh, end on t Fhild.l)hia, instead, of f ncing it, as now, down tu the Ohio liver, aod elying on finding it again by t le tieer route to Pistsbuigh. Let me say to you, t'tat I hve in the course i-t lat season noticed Ibe couise of tbe Western business and travel to the Eil, and I aasois you, its direction ie not lo Philadelphia. If it cmes tip the Ohio lo Cincinnati it usoallr leaves the boat fiere, ai d tkef the railroad lo Sjndu-ky, and paes on to New Yoik by tbe Lake route. T this routs will be added another uon t I tefer to the Columbus and Cleveland road ; both these routes aie New York and Button and ml Philadelphia route, and you will in aia look for much aid fiom them, as there is one piiociple in travelling, as ever one knows, that will ever stand iu jour way, and pievent a fair participation in Ihs bosiuess of Ibese Cincinnati tonies t and fiat is, that paMeueis will never willingly iransfei t'nielTes and baggagt fiom one line I a cross line, when they can hive a continuous line ibat will answei thi purpoie. The tiaveller taking the cars al Cincinnati will go t eübei Sandusky or Cleveland t as these will be the through lines, the same reason will keep those who take the cars at Indianapolis, St Louis, nr aoy point on the central line fiom leaving that Hue; hence it ia clear that the true policy of Phil.delpHia is lo aid in the conatiucli -n i f the antral line west, and theteby U biing the buines and travel from the interior directly, and upon Ihe hortesu possible loute, t Pittsburgh. Theis is another route w'nh which you will have to compete, I allude to Ihe Baltimore route, ihMifh I cannot but think that theie will be a gieat falling ff of fie travel aud buiiucss of that road vrhctf your Ceolal road shall be completed j still lhat road will strike ibe Ohio liver below Pittsburgh, and may draw iff much tiarel fro n the river mute j and Iheiefote the policy of diectii g the travel and business to Pittsburgh, above the teirrinus of the Baltimore road. I may bo permittee', before closing, t say one word in relation to the Indianapolis and Bellefontaine road, with which I am connected, end to recommend it to your e nfidence, aid end regard. That road is the link tunning north-east from Indianapolia to the Ohio line it il about eighty-three miles long, of which about eighiy-eix miles sis straight, and no curve less thao 5730 feet radius; the highest trade is thlty feet to the mile, and so remaikably adapted is Ihe ground to the toad, that Ihe cot, constiuct-d io a sub.tanlial mannet with the T or edge rail, will nut exceed $10,000 t tbe mile, teady for ihe mutire power. This road will undoubtedly pay wall; Ibe engineer eitimates the dividends at 13 per cent, upon tbe capital stock, from the commencement of it connected opeiations, with a sapid annual iocrexe. We shall be pleaied t have your subcriptious to aid us, whenever you may think proper to dj so. A you bare listened to the interesting lemaiks of Mr. Roberts before I arose to address you. I will cloe with the single temark, that I trust, and moat aiixiuly hope, I hall yet see our great Central line constructed, from the AtUotic lo fie Pacific, still more fiimly binding our gloiious Union to gether, believing, as I do. ibat the Uniun shall ever be held and eheri-hed. a above ill nrice. bv everr ci izen of this Heave a bits), and happy land. The speech was listened to wif.t much interest, fiequei'fy interiupled by appiauee. 0" The question most frequently asked us is how thev are pettinsr alonr in Coni?res. " And the most 4 ST1 O - correct answer we can give, is that the Southern mem ber, to use their own language, have "showed their teeth," and the President, to use his own latiguuge, has " frowned" upon the free oil measures; and the cotispquence is that in the House, where we had a right to expect a fair and faithful representation of the public sentiment oF the tree Mates, soni; llurty or more of the northern whtgs openly and solemnly com mitted to the Wilmot Proviso, have falsified their pledge and profusions, and are oof-rating with tli Soulh and that 17 northern democrats belore commit ted Bgainitthe proviso, lo defeat tlie measure which. more than all others, they were elected to carry out We expected this but hoped tobe disappointed. Non intervention with slavery, which the n r hern demo ocrats apply to the States, the many northern whigs in Congress, and a few northern democrats apply to the Territories, wl lie the South have now become so bold at to demand intervention by a positive recognition of slavery ! Nothing of importance seems yet to be accomplished. Valparaiso, la.. Observer, March 13. - ' The stand taken by the democracy of Ihe free States, and from which they will not cannot recede, however much the South, upheld and encouraged by the few supporters of their principles at tbe north, may rave and curse, and though many, in Congress and out may be induced through servility or self-interest to yield at present to their demands. shows that no candidate

pan ui ma oiaie, inimuiDg me wua..u - WJ)0 j,t(i man i tested somo decree or interest in eonner t.-l hr a dnubla anion lurk, rrnuirm? UO DOW er DUl i .... . " ....

.t.,m Tk ..i r,.en..t..n.ti...nn,7.i .ndthetis icuare, ana migm want to be consul wd in the

I vuv a ss, jus w.t-' - . ... i - a lass i . . lhat IndianafKili. is about Ihe sane di lane-, iu ihe lun, thai I er. the laid the "proposal before the old gen

for the next Presidency who countenances either the ; reader, "which is boundrd on the north by Aflghanexlcnsion or continuance of elavery within the j.iris-'; i'an, on the west and east by Persia and Scinde, and diction of Congress, will suit them at all. An effort' on the south by the Arabian Sra, and tenanted by on will bo made, and we trust a sucsessful one, to nom- indefinable race, living under no decribable governinate a candidate on whom the whole northern d-. mont." " " mocracy can unite, and if so, he must succeed. Ibid, j ' ' . I . Ou Monday lat, the trial of James Wright, late Texas, as Mr. Benton states, covers sixteen degrees Keeper of the County Poor-Honse, ttpon a charge of of latitude, and fourteen of longitude. She. extends bastardy, wis had at the Court-HoiiFe before Justices from 20 to 42 degrees of north latitude, and from 96 Noel, Davis, and Elder, Justice Noel presiding. This to 110 of west longitude; lhat is to say, from four de-j suit is in the name of lhe State upon the complaint grees eouvh of New Orleans to near four degrees tiorth . of Ether Slianklin or Shankleton, a pauper, a girl of of St. Louis, and from the longitude of western Mis- about 22 years of age, who has been a resident at the souri to the summit of the Rocky Mountain. Her Puor-House for three or four years. Owing to the southeast corner Is the mouth of the Rio Grande, re-J circumstan -.es of the parties and the enormity of the gion of perpetual flowers; her nortli-wcst corner is; rumored charges against tlie defendant, a general innear the South Pass in the Rocky Mountains, region lorcst and excitement pervaded the community, and & of eternal snow. She has a gulf frontier of near one . larger crowd was present st this examination than thousand miles a river frontier on the Rio Grande j we have ever seen dnrinj Circuit Court, except upon (part disputed) of two thousand miles an undisputed one or two occasions. The counsel on the part of river frontier of a thousand miles on the Arkansas, ! iheSlate were Messrs. Maxwell, Nelson, and Slavens ; about five hundred more on the Red river, nearly an-j and Governor Joseph A. Wright and Addison L. other five hundred on the Sabine frontier, and an isl- Rosche, E q. on the part of the defendant.

and frontier of three hundred miles more belween the j After the principal witnesses on ehalt ot the ötste Red river and the Arkansas. She has a circumfer- had been examined, the defendant's counsel moved to ence of above five thousand miles, nnd a ftiperficinl ' submit the case to the judgment of the Court, and afcontent of three hundred and fifty thousand square ! ter a short consultation they required the defendant miles. Such a state is too large, cither for her own to enter into a recognizance f $500 for his appear-

wplfiire or that of the other States. She is Iarjre enough to make peven S ates of tho first class, and out hT, for her own welfare as well as that of.the other States to be reduced to reasonable size. Mr. Benton's bill proposes to reduce her. at once, with her consent, into a state of about 150,000 square miles ; and, eventually, into two states of about 75,000 square miles each. The reduction is proposed on tbe principle of leaving all the present population and all the present organized counties untouched, and ceding the unseated and wild lands to the United States. Daniel Webster's Consistency;. The Springfield (Mass.) Post, in s-peaking of Mr. Webster's late speech, in which the Wilmot Proviso was ridiculed, says: This last speech, to be fully appreciated, must be rend in connectinn with bis speech at Marsh field in 1918, when he extolled the Buffalo platform, and with the proceedings of tlie Whig State Convention in Springfiuld in 1847, when he was recommended for the Presidency, snd when he took auch a position as he deemed expedient tinder the tho then existing circumstances. Tien Mr. Webster was eloquent in support of the Wilmot Proviso. He even made a sort of claim to it as his private thunder," appropriated by Wilmot, and icai severe upon the D mncratic State Convention, held a few days previous, because thai body refused to sanction it ! He could not then express himself too strongly in favor or what he now pronounces useless and nugatory and Mr. Charles Francis Adams, who waa then iu full communion with the Whig church, expressed his hcariy satisfaction at hearing the director and fashioner of the wax nose of Massachusetts Whiggery so fully and freely avow himself. . North Carolina. We are reliably assured thai the account of a meeting at Pratt's Store, Orange C ., N. C, advcise to lhe Extension of Slavery, which we published last week, was spurious fabricated at the Chapel Hill (N. C.) Seminary, where queer doings have aforetime been enacted. The names used in it are those of the President and Professor of that Seminary, with fauciful variations. We only add that we received them by letter from North Carolina, with a private and special request toDublish. and did so without a doubt of their genu ineness. And we know they speak the sentiment of a good many North Carolinians, including some of the best men in that ötate. ii mese trnre noi give utterance to their sentiments except tinder fictitiou names, we aro sorry for them. A1'. Y. Trbiune.

1 - J - - g f s aa as much as we please, but unless they are made productive cr some good to the people, they are of no vouchers practical utility. Ihrritburg heytUme.

Hon. J. C. Fremont. The history of this young man is highly interesting. A few years ao be was a l,eutcnaul in lhe atJ(j altacf; l0 lh f Top.. &s,c U,,,,,.. CiedTin nucti to asliingioii, where be becmn acquainted with the second daughter f Hn. Thomas H. Benton, Young, vivacious, and ambitious, this stripping in cpaueUe, Lad the Umerity ,k ihe nunc hdv'e much higher In authority bad folicitcd the same in vain. Miss Benton most readily ronsfnled. so far as

fcie wa9 concerned, but intimated lhat s.ie had a father ber mat tie man. lie objected to the proposition mHi. "His He objected to the proposition initio. daughter, educated f.r a Princ, was not going to marry a Corporal." Fremont was forbidden to enter his domicil, and Miss I3t?nt u was put under guard. "Old Tom" had over-ncted the matter. He did not. then know the young lieutenant. His daughter, too, took that occasion to show her Benlttn, aud as "Old Tom" had stuck lo the "Expunging Resolutions" she was bound to stick to her young lover sgainst all tlie world. The next the anxious father knew of bis once devoted daughter, she had escaped her keepers, and in a private parlor at Gaddby's Hotel, was interchanging vows before a magistrate with the banished lieulcimnt. Al first the old man raved, but soon was made acquainted with the metal of his new son-in-law, a reconciliation took place, and in old Tom, Fremont ha not only had a friend, but an admirer ever since. His travels, researches, scientific explorations and feats of valor and suffering iu the. Far West, are even's known to the world, and we may say without a parallel. His collision with Kearny, in California, brought him before the country in a new lijjht. He was ac cused of disobeyinug tbe command of his superior, anu technically was s i convicted on trial, by a courtmartial demanded by himscif. But the country acquitted him, and although reprimanded by the President, he ws applaudud by the people. We were present at his trial in Wasiun;ton, and saw him con front the witnesses for the Government, in the most frank and gallant style. Old Tom sat by iiim as counsel, and, "solitary and al me" he encountered the craft of Kearny and the coutumely of a naval and mili'ary court prfjudiced against tlie aspiring younjj Lieutenant, triers luxuriant with the rank of Colonel. Dismissed from the army, he scorned to be reinstated. but he recommenced his explorations on his own ac count. He raised a company of men and started for California by a new route wiih "Kit Careon," his famous old guide at their head. Ten of his men he lost in the mountains by being imbedded in snow and literally starving and freezing to death. Willi the remnant he reached San Francisco, and has been spending the summer in the mines. In the meantime a Commission reaches him superseding Col. Weiler as Boundary Cimmissioner under the late treaty with Mexico. 1 ins he declines, and the next we hear of him, he is elected a United States Senator from the new Slate of California, and probably set sail in the January steamer for Panama, on his way to Wash ington. Mr. Fremont is hardly of medium size, spare and light, with dark hair and eves. Ilia temperament is nervous. Ins countenance highly intellectual and plearant, and hit manners agreeable. He will be the youngest member t-f the Senate, his age being less than forty. With the exception of Sam Houston no Senatorin that body can boast so eventful a life. The Pacific Railroad Enterprise Outdone. The London T.tncs reviews Ihe prospects of a scheme for constructing a Railroad connecting the two stations of Calais in France, lo Mooltan, in India. The Times says : "In point of fact, tlie distance between England and India is of a very fabulous and artificial character It used lo be called 10,000, 12,000, or even 15,000 mile. The lime consumed in traversng it has varied from nine months to three. At the present time the journey from Bombay to Southampton is usually performed in 35 to 40 diys, and there seems to be abundance of room for still further shortening the transit. For, after all, when we look at the plain facts of the caee, India is only some few hundred miles further from us than the United States, though we have come to consider the loner country ts lying at our doors, while we still regard the firmer as one of the uttermost parts of the earth. From Spithead tu New York it is 2820 miles, from Outend to Hyderabad, on the Indus, it is only 3805. The estimated co.t of this enterprise is put down at 34.050.000! Tlie terminus or the Fvailwsy i , to be in Belochistan a country, the Times tells its aw at the Circuit Uouri. To is appears to be a case of more lhan ordinary turpitude, but as it is yet to undergo a judicial investigation, we forbear all remarks in reference to tbe testimony disclosed. Parke Co. IVÄijg. Il is ssid lhat Gen. Taylor is taking life in the White House very smoothly, in spite of all the troubles that encompass the real regents of national affairs. Clayton may be lost in the labyrinth of his own puny plots Meredith may be in the deepest distress for money "to collect the revenue" Collamer -may play the special devil with the miils, to his own chagrin and the people's vexation it's all the same to Ihe President. He eats, drinks; and sleeps without any of that painful solicitude about the nation's advantage, and the honor of the administration which was wont to disturb the bosoms of the "earlier presidents." Surely, "if ignorance is bliss, (and there ie no doubt of it in this case,) tls folljr to be wise." Willi a quiet unconcern about the present difficulties which environ the government, he Is said to be dreaming sometimes aloud of the fat loaves and delicate fishes of a "second term" all to be had for scarcely so much as tbe asking, as the further tribute of a devoted party and an admiring people! The General' "otium ctiwa dignilale" remind us very forcibly of the Eiliiopinn minstrel's summum borum, which sectas to be exactly that of tbe "Second Washington :" "Oh, if I were da President of des United State, I'd eat 'lasses candy and swing upon de gate2, Boston Post. Legislation. -Let an farmer, mechanic or laboring man, lake up the huge volume of acts passed at each session, and turn over the pges from the beginning to the end, and ?ee how many he can discover in which he has any interest. He will find them almost wholly made up of acts of incorporation, or supplementary thereto, and special and local act, roost of which never ought to have been passed. Yet every man in the community is taxed to keep up the legislative machinery between three and four months every year. This is lhe most prolific subject for the press, snd in relation 1 which it mtsht d j more good than almost any other. The only object of general interest to lhe people, requiring the attention of the present Legislature, is lhe general appropriation act, and some additional revenue acts, which are imperiously demanded. Yet these will probably be left, aa they generally have been, to the very close of the session, and then be hurried through in the most imrterI feet manner, or lost altogether fir want of lime. We mav talk of nrties. and of nrinciolrsof rovcrnment.