Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 9, Number 37, Indianapolis, Marion County, 21 February 1850 — Page 2

Suttaim State Sentinel, I

E7CI5AL I3ILA5CE IS THE f 1ICE Of tlBTBTT. INDIANAPOLIS. FEKRITAKY 21 ISiSO. Our Tonus. The following will hereafter be the permanent terms of the Weekly Indiana Slate Sentinel: OrPaymenta to be made always in advance. One copy, one year, 2.00 Three copies, one year, , 5.00 One copy during the session, 50 Ten copies, in clubs, one year, 15.00 Seini-Wccklf. (Published three times a week during the session.) One copy, $1.00 Three copies, $10.W One copy during the session, 1.1H) All' papers will bo stopped at the end of the term paid for, unless the subscription ia renewed, except to those with whom we hare other unsettled business accounts. Any peraon sending us a club of ten. with cash, at the rite of $1.50 each, shall have a copy gratis for one year. For a greater number than ten, the gratuity shall be increased in proportion. letter from Gen. Joseph Ijtue. The following private letter, written in answer tone enclosing him the procet-dings of two public meetings of his friends in this city, on the 14:h and 21st cf October, ISIS, is given to the public because it discloses something of th preat and noble heart of its generous aud heroic nuthor. The meetings here referred to were called to denounce the disgraceful conduct of the leading whigs in importing several Kentucky speakers to villify Gen. Lane and his brave Indianians, pending the laut presidential election. In order to understand several of the allusions in the letter it will be necessary to refer to the proceedings of the meetings in questions, published in the SeraiWeekly Sentinel of the 19th and 25th October, 1318. Well was it said by the committee in their report on the occasion, that "the honor and fame of Indiana were ever dear to his heart." Every sentence of the fallowing shows it. Written as it was with an express injunction against its publication, and with no idea that it would ever meet the eye of o.iy out the friend to whom it was addressed, it exhibits in the strongest light the exalted patriotism and the true nobility of soul which govern bis every thought and action. There is no insincerity about General Lane. Everything that emanates from him is frank, outspoken, patriotic. He mean just what he eays, nothing more nor less. And this is the man whom the Taylor administration has maliciously ejected from an office which no man in the country is so well qualified to fill, and who is now the subject of the envy and bitter hatred of the whig leaders, only because he is a Democrat. When Gen. Lane left the States to enter upon his arduous public duties in the wilds of Oregon, he carried thither with him the prayers of every patriot in the land; and wo have strong faith and hope to believe that when he returns he will be greeted with all the enthusiasm of friendship and admiration, which he ia so eminently ectitlcd to rccieve from the people of Indiana. Orecon Cur, October 23th, 1319. Dhar Spann I have the pleasure to acknowledge the receipt of your very friendly letter, by Judge Bryant, and also the proceedings of two public meetings of my good friends of Indianapolis, fur which I tender you and them my thank. You will, 1 hope, readily pardon me for not writing sooner. I have been so constantly engaged in the discharge of official duties that I have not had time to write as often to my friends as I would like to. I arrived here in advance cf all the Territorial Officers, proceeded to organize the Government, caused the census to be taken, made the apportionment, caused elections to be held, convened the Legislative As sembly, and did all other things required by law and the interests of the Territory. .Muet of the time I have had no assistance, and consequently every thing to do. In the management of our Indian affairs I have had but little help. Two sub-agents received appointments in June. One soon after resigned, and the other went to California. In the discharge of this duty, for the purpose of maintaining friendly relations with the Indians, I found it necessary to visit many of the tribes, in their own country. I proceeded to the Dalles of the Columbia, Chcut's River, Yackaman country, Cowlity, Tuget's Sound, the valley of the Willamette, across the coast mountains, from the Willamette to the coast at Yacona bay; near two hundred miles south of the Columbia. I have seen more or less nf the people of near forty of the sixty-seven tribes living in Oregon, made out and forwarded a report of all the tribes, their location, numbers, and disposition, as near as could possibly be ascertained; copied the Executive proceedings and official correspondence, and forwarded the same to the President, and did all other things necessary to be done, to the be -it of my ability, honestly and faithfully. The Executive books and papers, as also of the Indian affairs, are iu good condition, plain and easy to be understood. Sly health has been fine, and I have labored constantly. I have said this much about my doings, (which I hope you will excuse) to let you know that no part of my duty has been neglected. I suppose that I shall be removed, but I am determined that it shall be without cause, or at least any reasonable caue of complaint. These are the reasons, my dear friend, why I hare not written ere -this. I confers to you that I am surprised to lind that any considerable portion of the whig party of Indiana should at any time be willing to fasten upon their State lasting disgrace. It ia not deserved. No better troops ever pulled a trigger in their country's defence than the troops from Indiana. Why should they unjustly sutler 1 They shall not ! I shall feel it my duty at all times and under all circumstances, to tell the truth, and the honest truth is the only defence of theu reputation that they or the State will ever require, if it should bo my misfortune to make enemies by defending the reputation of my command, my State, and myself, let it b? so. While in the .Mexican war, it was my fortune to ace troops from different States engaged in battle. good, troop, but not belter than the Indianians. No troops ever did their duty better, and but for the cowardice of and the falsehood of others, no troopn would have stood higher. And after that unfortunate affair, every Indianian who came under my observation, endeavored by his gallantry and good conduct, to convince the world of their opacity to do. under all circumstances, in battle or otherwise, their duty, yea, honor to themselves and their country. And they did so. I have seen much of this country and like it. Yet I would much rather be in Indiana. I like the State, God bless her; but I am here, 1 am poor and have a large family to support. I can make money, and have concluded to send, by my son, who got-e home, for my fimily. . It is like taking my life to bid farewell to mr State, but whit better can I dol I am ni t now able to labor as I once could, and here is perhaps the beat place for me. He goes fully authorized to soil the homestead, and all my effects, settle my business, pay all debts, and leave the home once so dear. Pleas tender mr tlianks to mr friend fir their kind defence of my reputation. I am proud to know that no Kentuckian, or other person can assail without incurring the displeasure of a generous, kind and go, people. God bless you my friend, and the State. JOSEPH LANE. fc-We give up the most of our space in this pa pr to our correspondents, and that with no reluctance because they write well, and discuss questions of general interest. Wt wish our friends would use a little exertion to extend our circulation, so that as many people as possible shall have the benefit of these discussions, especially of constitutional topics. Our friends in Cincinnati who wish to advertise with us. are informed that we shall copy nn'adver tisetnetits from the "Commercial" of that city, un less by their own order in writing.

Uu Telegraph. Conzresioua'.. Washington, Feb. 15, IScO. Senate. After unimportant routine business, the Senate resumed tbo consideration cf the President's ilessage relative to California. Mr. Butler fpoke in opposition to the separation of the question of the ad:nisinn of California from other agitating questions of the day. Ho alluded to a remark of Mr. Clay yesterday, relative lo the allegiance which he recognized. He was surprised lo hear him declare he owed no allegiance to one particular section. Mr. Clay, interposing, thought he had said lie ac. knowledged no specific allegiance to any particular section, that lie acknowledged allegiance only tu the sovereignty of Kentucky and the Union. Mr. Untier s.iid he knew no Union except what Sou'h Curohni recognized, and he owed no allegiance except to SuuMi Carolina. Ho wa willing to refer the subject of the admission of California and all ether agitating que-tious to a Committee cou.posrd entirely of Northern men, for the purpose of ascertaining nhrvt terms they would offer to the South He then began to speak at length against the admission of California. After some farther debate the farther con ideration of the subject was postponed until Tuesday, and the Senate adjourned until Monday. House. After unimportant business the House resolved itself into a Committee of the Whole, and resumed the consideration of the President's California message. Mr. Koot saij he would go for the admission of California with her present bound-trie. He differed from the Tre-ident in hi do-nothing policy. He wanted natters spttled. Hi spoke at great length in favor of the Wilmot Proviso. Mr. Mann fallowed, in support of the Wilmot proviso, and in favor of the admission of California. When he had concluded, the Committee rose and the House adjourned. 07 We publi-di to-day the objections of "Reviewer" to the proposition of "One of the People" in favor of a single legislative body. We have also another reply, by "II.," which we ßhall publish on Saturday, pursuing the some end by a different course of argument. "One cf the People," will discover, that with our aid, he has provoked a discus-ion, which will call out his full strength. Wo hope, however, that he will not be discouraged on that nccount. By the way, we publish these articles in the order in which they are received, thinking that the only practicable rule to follow when it is impracticable to publish simultaneously. It will be seen therefore, that these writers gain no Btrrnjth by consultation, directly or indirectly. S far every communication has come from a d. staut part of the State, south or north, or wett. They arc not central emanntbns.

fj7-We shall soon publish an article in favor of abolishing Ike Grand Jury system, from the pen of one of the most distinguished lawyers in the State. It is worthy of careful consideration. OrMra. Dufour's "Indiana" &c. will be speedily published. Sciijol Hjuses. We have boon spoken to by a dozen or more persons, some of them teachers, as to the peifertly ridiculous cction of the Council in relation to school housed. The Council make proposals for the building of four one-toried one-eye d concerns, which will be anything but creditable or convenient. Ti.ey are not a degree above a log cabin. Ninety persona of every hundred would decide in favor of one or two good houses, cf two stories, rather than ever so many one-eyed shanties. But we suppose somebody is to mnke money by the humbugs ordered by the council. Shame on the people who will tolerate such folly ! We hope they will get well punished by string intr taxes. Gov. Whitcomb. A rumor prevailed some time aince, that a telegraphic dispatch bad been received, itatinjj that Gov. Whitcomb was cither dead or dying. It was not correct. A letter recently received from him by General Reynolds, says, " My general health is quite delicate and very far from being restored, still it is decidedly better than when I left homo and has been generally and gradually improving up to this time. I have not missed a day from my seat in the Senate." 07" Ths Court Houss cf Sullivan county, Indiana, was destroyed by fire on lae night of the 6th inst., together with all the papers, book, records, &c, belonging to the Clerk, Recorder, School Commissioner County Trensurer and other offices. Also the bond, notes and mortgages belonging to the trust funds. It was evidently set un fire by some evil person. A Good Un. A woman on horseback came over the bridge the other day, and was coolly riding by the gate, when she was hailed by the toll-gatherer for the toll. What do you want loll for 1 she asked, and the gate-keeper explained, in full. How much do you tax ! she enquired. The gate-keeper, pointing to the " rates of toll," read, For a man and horse, nine cents.' Oh ! oh ! exclaimed the lady, this is not a man and horse, but a woman and a mare! And, chirruping and plying her switch with great energy to the sides of her nag, she trotted off, amidst the loud laughter and cheers of the by-standers, while the gate-keeper looked you can guess how ! Ot-A correspondent of the Cannelton Economist offjrs It give $5,000 towards the erection of a col lege in that place, on condition that the additiobal sum of $15,C00 shall be raised during the present year. He would do more good if he would endow a good common school with his money ; but thai would get him no fame, because there would be no humbug about it. 07Tho Bank of Louisiana has recently declared a dividend of five per cent, out of the profits of the last six months ; and an extra dividend also of ten per cent, out of the surplus profits of the institution, which provides fur the distribution of the handsome sum of 500,000 among the shareholders. fJ-Southern newspapers are beginning lo take a firm and patriotic stand against the Disunion Madmen in Congress. In a little whilo the patriotic Southern People will also speak, and will sentence the Traitors to political death. "The skies are bright," and will become yet brighter. We would call attention to the advertisement of Peter A. White cy- Co. of Cincincatl. Our merchants dealing iu that city will fin J this establishment one of the very best, and their charges and terms liberal. Cot7NTERFF.iT Land Wakhants havo heretofore been printed ate certain office in Lafayette, says the Courier of thaf city. We think we c;uld guea tr ho printed them. A whl rat, of course. (fir Greene, the Reformed Gambler,' is under k, on a charge of obtaining mney arrest in New York on false pretences, lie had represented himaelf as an agent of the U. S. to detect counterfeiters. Cy-Fitx Henry Warren and Levin, M. C. from Philadelphia, recently got into a fight, about some appointment. Fits licked Levin handsomely. Good, for ''all the decency !" Gem. J'sEru Lank has been iiomimled for the J residency by an enthusiastic democratic meeting at ndianapoli. The people of the weft deeply resent the tio&tment he has received at the hands of Z Tay- ' lor. Il was, perhaps, fear of his popularity that caused the insertion in the N. Y. Tribune of slanderous letters from Orr-gon. Bostel Post.

For Ike Ti'Jiana State Sentinel. .The Xzv Constitution. Ho III. On the questions of providing for the proper education of all the children in the State of providing fit common highways of providing fir defining aud punishing crimes for laws to protect persons and property for political and religious liberty for the encouragement of industry, economy and morality, and the common weal generally, there are, and doubtless will bs differences ol opinion in regard to details, and the best and surest means nf accomplishing the end all aim at. For instance, there ia and will be much, honest difference of opinion in regsrd to the longer continuance of capital punishment, and if retained, aa I hope it may not be, as to what crimes shall bt considered capital. Tlinre are among the people, and will be in the Convention, differences of opinion in regard to the uury laws, and their uses and abuses, and ilia espediency of continuing or aboli.hing them, and

otherwise regulating the dealings in money. One of the most important questions that will come before Ihc Convention will be that of taxation. On it there will ba more feeling among the people than on any other. In fact this is the most important question to be settled, aa without money we can have no government. The slave cannot work without food, aud the public servants must be provided for by the pnblie, or they cannot woik for the public. The common laborer taxes his employer for the use of his muscles, the lawyer for the uie of his brains, and the mechanic for both ; and the public mutt pay Jur one or the other, or both, when it employs them. The public servants must be well paid, whether employed on tlie public works, i a legislation, or tiie ad miuisiration of justice. About lh;s there is no question; and they must be paid enough tu secure their services and they must be of the very best kind, and of course the pay must be sufficient to command them. The Convention, therefore, while it maks provision for the strictest economy compatible with the welfare of the Slate, must provide liberally, where H puTlic good requires it. Whilo unnecessary expenditures aud extravagance are to be carefully avoided on the one hand, meanness is to be carefully shunned on the other. The necessary taxation, however, will be so very light as to be scarcely felt, if levied justly and judiciously. That the present expenditures may be greatly reduced without detriment lo the public interests, and that the preient mode of tailing the public revenus may be much improved, there is no doubt. While provision -should be made against double taxa tion of all private property, all property, and every male head of 21 years anJ upwards, (paupers, negroes, and the decrepid except",) should be taxed. The capital in banks should be mied like ail other property, and a tax of one per cent, in addition, on all bank capital, for the privilege cf circulating bank notes as money. On this qiea;ion the present banks may make opposition, but the way to treat it will be tu abolish them, at the expiration of their present charters, and make provision for lha beet and safest system of free banking. All banks of circulation are doubtless an evil, but as public opinion and lung habit probably demand their continuance in some form, the best system should be adopted, and for the privilege of circulating their notes as money, they should be made to pay a fair and just equivalent, as they do in Massarhusetts, and as they do, I believe, in all the New England States. Among the mast prominent and important provisions in the new tüonsiituiion win aouiii.'ess be one making berat and permanent appropriations lor free common schools. SWITZERLAND. For tie State Sentinel. " Abolitiouitm alias Freesoll ism." Messus. Edituks: Permit me sufficient space in your columns to reply to an article over the signature of4,T." in your paper of January lOlh, under the above head; which, probably the writer supposes is an answer to cne in the Sentinel of January 5th, signed " Indiaca.'' In any controversy it is always indicative of a weak cause, or a want of good sense, or both, to make a false issue, or to attempt to excite prejudice by the use of supposed unpopular names. lie that appeals to the groundlings by creating or using groundless prejudices, and making false issues, knowingly and intentionally, makes a sorry figure, among intel ligent readers and thinkers. I trust that no other reader of yours except 'T." misunderstood my remarks that " The theory of our government is that of equal political rights its praclice is often that of injustice and wrong." It has been truly 6iid that "good laws tyrannically administered," are worse than bad laws leniently administered. I hope no democrat denies the injustice and wrong of the miscalled "American system," which proposed to lax labor for the benefit cf capital, under the pretence cf protecting home industry; and the creation of a national ban.';, under the plea of its necessity in the collection and disbursement of the national revenues; but for the real purpose of giving greater power to capitalists over the products cf the laborer's toil It certainly required some prejudice, or some lack of discernment to wrest the plain meaning of the "injustice and wrong" referred to in my article, in the workings of our government, from its reference lo high protecting tariffs, the creation of monopolizing United States Banks, and other vile things, such as the alien and sedition laws, &c. It would have been better, perhaps, to have said that the theory cf our government is that of equal political rights; but that it had often been prostituted to the purposes of injustice and wrong. Does "IV deny this notorious truth ! But, though it is perfectly plain from the article itself that the injustice and wrong referred to under our government related to the successful " efforts' of capital to impose unequal burdens upon labor," and though the injustice and wrongs of Slavery were not intended to be included, I do not now hesitate to say that they are practical ii.justice and wrong, and were so admitted to be by tho authors of the Declaration of Independence, and the framers of the Constitution, at the times they were made; and that they are inconsistent with our free institutions, and have been thus far tolerated from necessity, but never approved. "T." seems hard to please. He docs not deny that " the sentiments " of my article "will be affirm atively responded to by nine-tenths of our people," but expresses Aw "profound regret" at the iVndency cf the two great political parties in the North to run into Abolitionism.' He could not deny that the Legislatures of nearly every free State in the Union have passed free soil resolutions, instructing their Senators and requesting their Representatives to vote for the extension of the principles of the ordinance of 1737 over all our free territories; or that the people of the free States are nearly unanimous in the opinion that the slave trade ought to be abolished in the District of Columbia, and with the consent cf the free white inhabitants thereof, slavery also. He may regret all this os profoundly as he pleases, but it is matter of joy and rejoicing with the true-hearted democracy, everywhere. "T." is captious. He says my " first paragraph is mainly devoted in f to explaining to the whigs why the poor laborer of the North should vote with the Southern slaveholder." Yes: end also to euch Constrtative democrats as f." more especially. But not to whtgs in particwar, for it was not sup posed that they, as a body, were subscribers to the sentinel, and that but few t them would see my article. T." is captious. He does not like " the lone and manner of the communication," over the signature of " Indiana." " The trutii itseir," be says, may be told in such a form os to mnke it highly objection able ; and he believes the sentiments of " Indiana " to be " insidious in their character and injurious in thoir tea lency;" and he stigmatises them as J &-c- .What is sltne J Why it is " Ino, Ifang, par. un waning lensu'tse." Is my langusgevtr, xulznr and vnmrantng, in the article referred to I If " 1," re ': ally thought so, why occupy so much time and space 'in vainly attempting to make it appear insidious! I It really appeals to me that slang, though its Jrme and manner may be highly vMeeuonable, cannot bemstrfj. j ow, and that sentiments expressed in slang, if they can be so expressed, are likely to be far less injuri ous, than erroneous opinions expressed in polished words, and supported by plausible arguments, or by appeals to prejudices. "T." is captious. He cries out mad dog. He asset ts with as much bravery and positiveness ss though he believed himself, and expected others to believo also, that "Abolitionism" is "alias I rcesoil ism.' Tbis is taken fur granted and roundly assert

rd, without a shadow of evidence or a word of truth. As to a free soil parly, I never could see the necessity, or in fact any reason, f r it. I never belonged to any political party but the democratic party, and never voted anv other ticket but t lie regular democratic ticket. Cm "T." .oy as much! More he cannot ay, and pr. bahly not quite hat. If he cannot say as nr.r.'i, let him c ase his vain efforts , to awaken pnrly pr'jmlirt -n this question ; and if he honestly dt-sircs K promote tru'ii and right action in his discussions, l t him confine himself to the merits of the points at iss'io. Was the author of the ordinance of 1787 an alrJitionist! Was John Quiticy Adam! Wns James Madison ! Was Silas Wright, and all others i f like faith aod acts, wh opposed the extension of r-hvery info free territory, in their diy ! Are Thomas II. llt nton. Henry Clay, and all the Senators from the frro State, with nur or t-.vo exceptions. Abolitionists! Both the Senators from this Slate are in fnvor i f e.x'eruling the principles of the ordinance of 177 over all our n-w fr; e u-rntorirs. Are they.

therefore, Abolitionists ! Hir&y! " T." is captious. It is a city he could not get a'ong without bald assertions, unsupported by facts. lie asserts that the free soil party "is a local party with one idea" It is a pity that doctors should dis agree, but we have it from benator roote that ihomas H. TJenton "is the person, who has presumed in the bosom of one of the large slave States of the Union to declaim fiercely against slavery, and to give firth all ti e encouragement, which as a boutheruer and a slaveholder he had it in his power to supply to the enemies of our institution north of Mascn and Dix on's line. This is the Democratic leader vthohas scattered confusion and discord through the whole Democratic ranks of the North, who but for him and Aii accursed teachings would have ttxid firmly and fearlesbly in the non-intprveution doctrines of the re nowned Nicholson letter." This is tho language cf one ßlaveholding Senator from a slave State, applied to another, during the present session cf Congress ft is doubtless an exaggeration, for no reasonable man believes that Mr. Benton is the cause of the stand taken by the free State, against the extension of slavf-ry into Oregon, and the territory acquired from Mexico. But it proves, beyond all cavil, that freesoilisni is not local or sectional, or confined to the free States, if proof were wanting in so plain a mat Itr vj jact. Ana as to tte " slang " about " one idf-a," that is eqnallv without the slightest founda tion, and may be set down os blackguardism, when applied to the tree soil doctrines Under this view of the subject, which it seems to be impossible to gainsay, it is dimcult to understand what good motive an intelligent, politician in a free Stnte could have in denouncing 44 freesoilism," as abolitionism. . - My free:oilism is contained in my artkle to which T." objects ; and there was no occasion for him to conjure up the " ghosts cf the very tyrants, who are surrounded by starving millions," or the ravings of some monomaniac abolitionist, to bewilder and frighten old hunkerism, alias Conservatism, with My fr2o8oi!ism makes a part of creed of the de mocracy of every free State in the Union, who are in the constant habit of proclaiming it in all suitable ways and on all suitable occasions ; and it is approved by many democrats in the slave States also. In time has gone by, I trust, when the cry of mad dug on tins queation will frighten even the grown upchil dren. And as for the " prfjudices " that l.,k so for midable to " T." I throw them to the winds, as un worthy the age, and the free and intelligent people of these United States. And as to" agitation," that is the present work cf "our Southern brethren," and we must meet it in the free States as best we can. INDIANA Fur the Stute Sentinel. . CONSTITUTIONAL ULFOIOl. Snail we have two Legislative JJodlcs or ouly one I Hie oeutincl ct rebruary 7th, contains a comma nication under the head of CoiiBthutiuu.il Reform introduced by editorial remarks, favoring one legisla live body, instead of two, under the new Constitution The grounds assumed in favor of the change are Economy " getting rid of ' the pitiful and despi cable squabbles between the two bodies, so often wit nesj-e.l, each attempting to outmanoeuvre the other in bringing on, or staving off an election ' increased responsibility " and iu tine, because the interests of the people are a unit, and the people a supposed unit,' so should the represent a t: in be a unit i. e, tha a double representation cannot represent a single class and a single interest so well aud so truly as a single representation The great points to be steadily pursued and gained in the formation of a new constitution are these viz. to take away from the legislative body as far as practicable, special, end local, and private legisla t ion, and the elections of State officers, and to substi tute general laxes ; and the elections of State and all judicial officers by the people. Then there would be no more squabbles about bringing on, or staving off j elections, except those cf United States Seuatora ; and for these the Constitution should make such pro- j vision as to prevent any and all squabbles, by fixing tho day, and the mode of election. With the abolition of special, heal and private legislation, and the I change of the electious of State and judicial officers from the Legislature to the people, the great points in favor of economy, honest and faithful legislation, aud the fuller and butter manifestation of the popular will, in the laws, and their execution will be secured. Upon these main points, therefore, the friends of constitutional reform should bring their greatest efforts to bear; and, if possible, secure tbeir full accomplishment. It is a mistake, I tbink, to suppose that two legislative branches necessarily include " double representation." In Congress there is double representation, as well as a double organization of the legisla tive power, the people being represented in the House of Representatives, and the Slates in the Senate. But not so ia the States. Bulb bodies represent the peo ple, and it is only the organization uf the representa tions of this otie interest that is double. And this double organization is made and supported upon the ground of its public economy, aud safer and better le;idutioti. The same number of men divided into two legislative bodies could be diecussiug aud matu ring just double the number of laws at the same time that they could be in one body; and hence, in the same time required for a single body to discuss and mature one hundred public acts, they could be passed through both bodies, and doubly discussed. There is no real division of legislative responsibility between the two branches composed of 150 members, any mure than if these same lo'J members composed Que branch ; the responsibility being, in both cases, really divided between 150 members, each of whom is responsible to the people, who elected him. Iu a des potism there is no division cf responsibility, but our government being, so far as the United States are concerned, a democratic, federal, representative republic; and in the State governments, democratic re presentative republics, if it were ever so desirable, it is impojsible to avoid a division cf responsibility, equal t j the division of the lru-t and power delegated, und the number of delegates. In our national and Stale governments, we hold the individual mem bers liable, each fur himself; and it is to the individual responsibility that we are accustomed to look f r safe legislation. Individual liability is the watch word of the armies of Democracy. We never bold the Senate or the House of Representatives responsi ble for any legislative act, even if it be bad ; but we do hold each member of each branch responsible for his individual vote; and as his constituents, we ap prove or condemn him, as a servant, who has obrted or disregarded the will of his creators. The idea of holding legislative bodies responsible, and thus open ing the door for the individual members to shirk their respective individual liability, is too monstrous not to be rejected by all friends of constitutional liberty. It is sufficient that every representative cf a free and enlightened people, render a strict account for his own totes and acts, and nut for the aggregate votes t and acts of the body of which he is but a single mem Dir. Though I speak thus plainly and positively, if here after any good arguments can be produced in favor of a change from a double to a single organization of the Legislature, 1 will give them that careful consid eration demanded by the whole question of coustitu tional r form, considered in all its aims and ends. 1 am not wedded to the past, and always look upon it with so much doubt as to be disposed freely to can vass aud scrutinise the justice of its claims upon the present and future. But while disinclined To put faith iu things of the past, I will not reject them simply because they.are of the past. It is the part of political wisdom to examine all things, and bold r .1.. ...l. ;.L : l . I ,i- i. : l mal inai wiiiti) is r 'u auu tins, iu msaiug a new ' Constitution, let us r!o. I agree entirely with " one

of the people" when he says" Cling to that which you have tried and are satisfied is for the lest." And as for legislative experience, there will always be enough of that, whether we have a double or a single organizjtion. Enough old members will always be re-elected to secure that object. In all the New England States, and sume othere, the elections of Governor, and the members of both branches of the Legislatures are annual, and evil wns ever known to

result from it. On the contrary, tue more frequent return of all power to the people, the more surely will the popular will be infused into the laws, and the mode of their execution. The Sentintl of February 7th contains a very well written and judicious article on "Tho Convention," over the signature of " S." Good tempered, honest, free, full discussion in rogard to the choice of dele gates to, and the principles to be embodied in, the new Constitution is moet desirable. REVIEWER. License Laws. Messe. Chapmans &. Spann : I lay down the following propositions: 1. It is not sinful to drink intoxicating liquor. 2. It is not sinful to manufacture intoxicating liquor. 3. It is not sinful to give away intoxicating liquor. As to thee propositions, 1 refi r to the subjoined passage from Holy Writ. " And the vine said unto Ihf m, should I leave my wine which cheereth God and man, and go to be promoled over the trees V Judges 0, 13. "And wine makeih glad the heart of man, and oil to make his face lo shine, and bread which strengtheneih man's heart." Psalms 104, 15. "Give 6trung drink unto him that is ready to perish, and wine unto those that be of heavy heart." Proverbs 31, 6. "A feast is made for latighcr, and wine tnakelh merry : but money answereth all things." Ecclesiastes 10, 19. " I am come into my garden, my sister, my spouse ; I have gathered my myrrh with my spice; 1 have eaten my honeycomb with my honey ; I have drunk my wine with my milk ; eat, O friends ; drink, yea, drink abundantly, O beloved." Solomon's Song 5, 1. "Ho, every one that thirsteth, come ye to the waters, and he that hath no money ; come ye, buy and cat; yea come, buy wine and milk without money and without price." Isaiah 55, 1. "Therefore will I return and take away my corn in the time thereof, and my wine in the season there of, and will recover my wool and my flax given to cover her nakedness." liosea M. V. Drink no longer water, but use a little wir.e for thy stomach s sake and th'ne often infirmities Timothy 5, 33. For John came neither eating nor drinking; and they say he hath a devil. Matthew 11, 19. " The Son cf Man came eating and drinking ; aud they say, behold a man gluttonou, and a wine-bib ber, a friend of publicans and sinners. But wisdom Is justified of her children." Matthew 11, 1Ü ' Wine-bibber " means wine drinker. " And the third day there was a marriage in Cana of Galilee; aud the mother of Jesus was there . " And both Jesus was called, and his disciples, to the marriage. And when thpy wanted wine, the mother of Je sus saith unto him, they have no wine. "Jesus saith unto her, woman, -what have I to do with thee ! mine hour is not yet come. II s mollinr saith unto the servants, whatsoever he saith unto you, do it And there were set there ßix water-potsftf-stonc. alter the manner of the purifying ct the Jew,-con taming two or three firkins apiece. Jesus sailh unto them, fill-the water-pots with water. And they filled them up to the brim. " And he saith unto them, draw out now, and bear unto the governor of the feast. And they bare it. " When the ruler of the feat had tasted the water that was made wine, and knew not whence it was, (but the servants which drew the water knew,) the governor of the feast called the bridegroom, . 'And eaith unto him, every man at the beginning doth set forth good wine ; and when men have well drunk, then that which is worse : but thou hast kept the good wine until now. . "This beginning of miracles did Jesus in Cana of Galilee, and manifested forth bis glory ; and his disciples believed on him." John 2, from the 1st to the llth verse, inclusive. The wine spoken cf in Scripture would intoxicate. It made Noih drunk. Genesis 9, 21. . It made Lot drunk. Genesis 19, 33. It made Nabal drunk. 1 Samuel 25, 36. It made Elah drunk 1 Kings 16, 9. It made ßenhadad druuk. 1 Kifigs 20, 16. " And be not drunk with wine wherein is excess; but be filled with the spirit.". Ephesians 5,-19." But I fear I shall weary the reader with quotations Let I have sufficiently established my propositions. me add: " Be not wise above what is written.

I lay down this further proposition : th.it alcohol is a j e gi think ,,t to be B(1 ted to t useful and necessary article for a multitude or me-! , . . . ' ' - . , ' , - . r , , . i i . lä- i down the mischievous prncti-.es of the boys, which exchanical, chemical and medicinal purposes, and hence - . , . . ,. 1 r . j -r .t 1 . t latr tsw tst ia t-a i sail CAannrid al Iran t-Aas m rr1 if Vi

will be, and should be. manufactured for those pur - r -, , .r efore, necessarily always be an , ' r . !,. .k. Ct us. I do not know the proe . i ; mnniiFirtiirpil. lIjliMl 14 rcftprrpd poses. It will, therefi article in use amongat .: r .i.. " ... ...t.:k : .... A pott, ,,, o. u.a. uuw u uu ,. w. , " ' - n r, r . 7 . : at eight tenths. I should like to be inf.-rmed of the ... .

exact amount. In the first volume ol the renn Uy-; fc; DECORUM, clopedia, on page 231, is the following : - . mmmmm mmm mmrmm, m The solvent power of alcohol ia great ; and U has been j A. Equivocal Compliment. Tlie N. Y. Express, long known and extensively applied, lit. Oraham ( Trans. . . . Royal Soe. Edin.,) has shown that, like water, it com- , " unison with the other whig prints, is desirous to bines with bodies in definite proportions; these compounds lather Gen. Taylor, but its ttTorts are at times so lul.e term, alcoates ; not many of the.n . have b-n ormed. ' ag Q diaionm Qne of it8 iast mh. and they were obtained simply by dissolving ihe salts constituting their base, and previously rendered anhj-j chine efforts appears in its V ushmgton corresponddrous, in absolute alcohol, with the assistance of heat. erice, which runs thus in praise of the singular conOn cooling, the alcoates were deposited in the solid slate: I , . ,, ., , ..r , . . ,, wii cuo ing, in v i p f- , . . ' ( versational powers of the " second Washinirton :" the crystallization was generally contused, out in some j cases regular forms appeared. The crystals are transpa- 1 venture to say that never was any public man rent, soft, and easily fusible by heat in tbeir alcohol of bo under estimated as the present head of tbe Govcrystallization; their formation is prevented by the pres- j ernment. He is a man of dTp, earnest, calm and enceof a small quantity of water. Chlorid of calcium carefu thought. He has no flow of words, though forms an atcoaie consisting of 2 toms of the salt and 7 w,jen arou8C(1 JiC someUmes a vcry ketn thw . of alcohol : nitrate of magnesia 1 atom salt plus U atoms ... , , . - , "-""" & , , m. and though he uses good and sometimes fine Ianalcohol: a I coal a of nitrate of lime consists ol i atoms) . , , , . , . , salt and 5 atoms alcohol. Several metallic sails were i SS en intervals. He is embarrassed also converted into alcoates and analysed by Dr. Graham; j in conversation to an extent that excites vonder. Were

the alcohol of some alcoates is retained with so great force of affinity as not to be expelled at a temperature of 4U0 to oou leg Alcohol is capable of dissolving the reiins, and many similar bodies, upon which water has no action ', hence its use in varnisti-making. with the used ens, except castor oil, it does not readily unite ; but it dissolves the eaaeniial oils and camphor with great facility, and hence Us use in pharmacy and perfumery. Some aubstances which are soluble in water are precipitated from it by alcohol gum, for example; while, on the other hand, water precipitates resinous bodies from solution in alcohol. Alcohol combines with sulphur and phosphorus, but not with the earths nor their carbonates : it dissolves sugar, soap, the oxalic, tartaric, gallic, benzoic, and some other acids. Alcohol is largely used in the preparation of various kinds of ether, aa already described. The results of its action with sulphuric acid are very different according to circumstances t thus, by varying the nropori ... .. r u-1. rt. .iilnhnviniii' r i . 1 ftthr. fill fif . - "'"j t" . ;y" - - wine. i or o enact fas. At it remains fluid at tne mwesi temperatures, it is advantageously employed in ninng thermometer tubes, in experiments on artificial cold; its antiseptic pioperliea are great, and hence its use in preserving anatomical preparations ; on account of its ready inflammability, lha purity, and the intense heat ol iis flame, il is conveniently, but not economically, employed in chemical lamps, usually termed spirit lamps. Ii r-x, lit Hiaanlvea ammoniacal ne : and as tho caustti allrnlia nntaah and soda, are taken un in large atiantity by alcohol, and as it does not dissolve their usual impurities, the solution, by distillation, yields these alkalis in a state of great purity. In chemical investigations it is frequently employed to separate various sans, omu which are soluble in water, and only one in alcohol : thus sea-water contains both sulphate and muriate of magnesia; and tne lauer oniy oemg soiuoie in bicuikm, it aflords a ready method of separation. a ia : la.l An TuipoeTon. The Milledgeville (Ga.) papers are pnblihii'jr a notice cautioning the public against a man who has been practising a proas snd cruel imposture in that vicinity. Ills name is William Humplin at least that is the name by which he was known there. He arrived in April last, and professed to belong to Madison parish, IjV He made many acquaintances, among them a very worthy young ladt named Mary Kin?, whom he married, and in a abort time therea'ler. havin? posse si-d himself ofl firoperty which amounted to abut three thousand dolars, deserted her. Her relatives have caused this statement to be made, believing it not to be the first act of the samo kind that he has committed. He i described as a handsome man, about fix feet high, of light complexion, blue eyes, about 20 or 27 years of age, social in his manners, aud profuse of his mon ey.

For tht State Sent i et. From California. F ACS. AM EIST! CtTT, CA"-, No V. 13,1859. Mr Dcai BaoTHcat We snivel st Scranento City oo tbe 6th Sept, after a j-orny fion Independence tf four months; fare crest put of th- time we f -uuJ grin tolerable scarce, we came by Salt lake ami Child's cut off, wc bad 10 travel 70 miles at a ilietcb wiibout grai or water, except a few witm ol S!t p ing not fit tar ost we traveled a high a 175 mitei in ix da). Wag-jm, piurinon, amu11 it ion, ice &c., were lo be w en sratteied along the touts, having been abaoJoued by Iheowueist also, cattle aad hore$ which weie unable to travel. Some of our company lost a put of their cattle and hoiei I hey were lakea by Indians. I lot not an aiimal on the route. The emigrants hare now neatly all (jot ia, the (Jjvernor having sent some teams ta their asMtance. We rrmaioed in the City a few diys to lett and lay in a stock uf provision for the mine, in which we h'd bera lor the lit 8 wnki moit part i f the time, ab "ut 50 miles east uf Sactaroenlo

i City. The mining region extend over an srea of 700 miles in length and 30o in wiJth some paits not oeai so rich as othrts the gild is found along the bank cf riveia or in lbs oea, eeoetaiiy in scales, although 1 have seen some pieces weighing irom one ti two ounces. I will give you a slight idea of the method of mining iheie ae geneiallj two rara to a machine, made somewhat iu the form of a craJle, with. a sciew at oue end. (cost in the cilr forty dollarO this is fixed c1e to water, the t-jp esith i then thrown ort' to the depth of from 6 inches to 6 feet, which leaves genet ally about 6 inches of giavel at the bottom, intei mixed with which the golds it, by putting a few pant full of this iato the marhine at a time, by locking which and pouiing water on st lbs same lime the gold settles to the bottom, while the gravel a-hei out at the lower end the gld u taken out twice a day. I find it imp ible to farm an exact etima uf the value of lab.ir io the nines. I have sera some make one h limited dollait in a dar, while others Dot moie tliau f ur frt-i fiom them nvde ni more than from fire to twelve dollars snd woikrd equally hard my opinion ii lht rnioeit average fiom 6 tu S dollais per day. 1 have made a high is furty-l iur collar in a day and as low ai tttiee, but a man mnt lo lime in procpe-cing as he cannot claim mun man io or zu leet squaie at a time, as sooa as that is worked he may have to bunt perhaps half a dar muie or lets befute he find another place that would pay lo woik. God only know how long (hit country may remain io its pteerit state, it depends altogether en the durability cf the mines, and Ihey may not be half so productive next season a ihey have been this, in consequence of the richest places being wotked over. Some of the emigtaot have gone South intending to go at fuming. Tiices ate generally high, particularly piotioon. Klour in the City 15 cents per Ib., puik Zo cent, beet 2o to 40 cents, fine clothing no sale, commoD boots 10 to 15 dollar, a pair of shoes 4 to 5 dollars. Thee commodities rell much higher at tbe mines as from ten to twenty-five dnllais per hundred i paid for hauling, a distance of from 40 to 100 miles, they have to leed grain to their team, generally barley, which is worth from 12 to IS dollars per buhel;theie i but very litt I grass in the mining region, it being a barren, uupmductive and mountainous country; the hill sides are generally covered with live oak ; also, rocky, red, clayey soil, and destitute of grass. The slate of society ia the mine is about as gnod as in the state, a man found gnilty of thefi or murder is generally ljuched. John, five othcra and I arc dow bound fr the Souihern mines, about 200 miles from this place. I do not expect to be in the city again for six months, but will have aa oppoituoity of .tending for letter. I think the rainy eon has commenced, it has rained some every d) for a week, previots lo which thus had been noe for 4 months. We hive to pack oar txl, provision &c &c, on mules, the mountains being impaoebl with wagons. It it healthy io the mines. We expect to have some spott this winter in tbe mountains amongtt the giisty bear, elk, and deer ; t-efore leaving oor old camp, we killed a grisly bear, u t ithing six bundled. I send you a specimen of the dutt. I have found some pieces worth fiom 50 cents to 4 dollars, but they are acarce. Horses such as sell for $50 in the States are woith from $100 to $150 here, mules about the same, oxen which sell fur $50 in the States are worth from 1C0 to $150 if in good order, otherwise they are dull sale. Hoarding $16 to $27 per week, miners generally hoard themrlves, piovi-ion cost them fool $1 25 lo $2 per dy. California i undoubtedly ihe bet country on the gtobe for an ii:dutiiou ereveiioe man, one capable of endii g the msl tiyirg toilgold though plenty still requites ixenin to pneure iL This ci'y is impioving ft-t ipul.tion eight thouaud. -John joins me in sending his affectionate lemembraoee to tbQ all, while I am ynuis sincerely. DAVID 0'MAUOXY. Timothy O'Mahost, Stsawtwk, Hamilton Co., lad. Snow-Halls---PuMic ZViiUnticc. To THE EniTi RS OF TiIE INDIANA STATE SENTINEL. Gentlemen : It is to be regretted thit, notwithstanding all our Sunday schools, and all the pious instruction which our youth are continually receiving, and notwithstanding the exertions of our worthy Marshal, the propensity for mischief malicious mischief among the boys d .es not eeem to diminish. Companies of boys elation themselves in d.fTeren! parts if the streets for the purpose of pelting ladies, particularly, who may be enjoying a sleigh ride, or those who may be on foot, with enow-balls, thus annoying them greatly ; and if they hnppeu to hit one, setting up a loud horse-laugh, to show how they exult in their triumph. On Friday last two ladips with um children, taking a ride down Meridian street, were assaulted by one of these jrar.gs of boys, who occupied an alley between Dr. jlears's house and the house occupied by Sir. Oglesby. One lady was Etruck on the head by a snow ball very hardly pressed, which stunned her for a while, and occasioned headache for several hours afterward-. This information, no doubt will be gratifying to ihe young lrcutlentati who threw the ball. If ' lne ',& s,''uck l'ie '"fy n ,ne face it miehl have : " - . - - j influence of their spiritual pastura and masters, and '. . r.. j u i. i a: . ! "iat f "their Sunday 6chol teachers is not sufficient, . i.. u i i e . . there ought to be a juvenile house of correction crectI . . . . . i uKm u . ed wherc ,Il(8e 6 irited vounff gentlemea might have ' an opportunit : ' T1a e "'J"J"' """" "J V'T' ,U'1T ! bv a tew nav. of close confinement, bard Inrxir and n..,..n . m F ... ...... . I.. f...it ' C , ..I C IT , you to asic mm ins opinion upon any eunject in which you are deeply interested, ho would perhaps (unless he felt perfectly at home) give it i t a henlaltng and '-broken manner but the opinion would be worlh gold." Tatlor asd the Fßoviso. The report is current in Washington that southern members of Congress have waited on the President, and ihal he has given assurances that he will veto a bill establishing territorial governments in Sew Mexico and Deserel, if it contain the Wilmot Proviso. Ion," of the Baltimore Sun, writes, "I am certain that, if the Wilmot proviso should pass the Presidant will veto il, as a rash party measure, prompted by pas'ton and sectional feeling, who'dy unnecessary an t unrxynxlitulimil because it t-uy strike at Vie principles on which the constitution was , f , j The House of Representatives Ins saved Taylor and the Whigs from the disgrace which would hare attached to them, had Taylor thus exercised the veto, as no doubt, he would have done. Oy-A Washington letter in the New York Tribune , 8J"9: According to the blue-book, there are employed in , the District ot Columbia, ill permanent situations, 7130 mcn, with salaries averaging from f,l,500 to $1,800 each; of this number, Virginia has 133, Mary land 131, and the District of Columbia 87, racking 221, or nearly one-half the whole number. Jf w were to add to this, other officers in the District, with salaries from $5(H) to $'2. DUO, who are engaged ia and about the public buildings and public grounds, with what arc termed "temporary clerks' in all the Departments, we should have at least (300 men under Government appointment and pay from the two States above-named and this District. fjr-Look at the notice headed "Ho for California.' References as to the trustworthiness of the advertiser may be seen at tbis office, by those interested. The New Orleans Bee states that the Board of Currency, in their report to the Legislature, recommend that the charter of the Canal Bank of New Orleans be declared' forfeited. Tho reasons upon which this recommendation is founded had not transpired. 0OThe Whigs crack up their President for hie simplicity, pays th Uoston Post, snd Noah Webster says that word ta cans weakness of intellect.