Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 9, Number 34, Indianapolis, Marion County, 31 January 1850 — Page 1

IXIIAXAIOL.IS. JAM'AKl 31, IBSO. Fokk Packixu in the West We have taken considerable pains in obtaining from reliable sources, the number of hogs slaughtered and packed at the principal points in ihe West, during the past season. The means are not at hand to approximate the Height with equal facility its with numbers. On the whole, su far as our examination extend, the falling off in weight is greater than that in numbers. This uioy be accounted fur thus, taking central Indiana as our guide: The operations of speculators at the east, consisting of harping on one string- Purk dull ;' "price cf pork i n the decline ;" &c, i.e., echoed and re-echoed throughout the land, caused many n raitfr to "l-ok out for hirnsc'f ;" and notwithstanding the silt monopolists, in concert with their brother speculators, at once raided its price, the former had the pood 6?nFe to secure a supply, and pack their men jerk. This has been done to a very considerable extent. The packing may be estimated as follows : At Cincinnati, 406,000

At Louisville, (including Jeffers mville and New Albany,) 134.0C0 32.000 15.C00 30.0CO 37,000 l'J.HSO 40.000 65.500 15,000 14.U00 8,000 .0,000 3.500 5,000 7,000 . 3,800 ..5,000 ..5,000 At Chiliicothe, 0.,At Hamilton, ()., At Burlington, Iowa,At Alton, 111., At Evansville, Ind.,' At Lafayette, At Ter re Haute, At Vincennes, At Clinton, - At Attica, At Williamsport, At Cosington, At Pcrryevillo, At Eugene, At Newport, At Logansport, At Delphi, At Indianapolis, 10,000 There hate been orders here for more than 5,000 more could they have been obtained. The number slaughtered and packed litre is less than that of last year. This is caused mainly by the better prices given on the Wabash at the opening of the season, which induced many to drive to that point from our immediate vicinity, and accounts for the increase of the business in the Wabash valley. We have not noticed that the aggregate packed in Madison has been given. We are taking some pains to prepare for full informant) on this important branch of trade; and the subscribers to the Sentinel will do well to extend its circulation among those interested. They will gain by it next season. Since the above was in type, we have received the Madison Courier of the 24th, from which we condense the following : fj-The following is a correct list of the number of Hogs slaughtered and packed in this city during the season of 1319-50. The number packed here last year was 91.500, showing a decrease of 4.791. Total slaughtered in Madison, 06,709. Cf the above hog, 19,000 were packed for the London and Liverpool markets, and shipped direct to those ports ; 23,2UO were packed for New Yrk account, uu orders; 7,000 were bought and packed by Ealtimore merchants; and the balance were mostly bought and packed by our own dealers on their own sccunt. The market opened at $2.50 per 100 lbs. net. and closed at $3,25. Average price of Ihe eeaon, $5.75. At the point for whose stuff Madison is an outlet, viz: Indianapolis Greenwood, Columbus, Lexing ton, rar is, Dupont, and Vernon, there is a falling off of 10,000 head; so that there will be a deficiency in the. shipments from this point of equal to 15,000 hogs. QT-See the news froTi Oregon. We observe, by the way, that the New York Tribune, through some base correspondent, has commenced a tirade of calumny against Gen. Lane. This is perfectly in character. From this time out, we shall expect any quantity of falsehood and slander against him; 'and that the hone ft Tribune will play a leading part in the matter. But all this will not avail, any more than it did against General Jackson. Homestead Exemption During the last few months, bills have passed as follows Maine exempts a homestead to the value of $500, aud, in the home stead, personal property to that amount. Vermont exempts a homestead to the value of 500 Iowa and Minnesota, 4'J acres of land, or a lot ; California, 320 acres of land or a lot worth $2,000 ; Deseret. it is aaid, secures a home to every ft roily. Georgia, Texas, Michigan, Wisconsin, Pennsydvanlind-Cowiee-ticut, had previously enacted similar laws. Other States are moving. The hill which passed the Senate of Illinois at its Ute session, (and it is said will pass the House at the next assembling of the Legislature,) exempts from ale, for debt, forty acres of land used for agricultural purposes, and not included in any town plat, city, or village ; or, and instead thereof, at the option of the debtor, a quantity of land not exceeding one-fourth of im sere, within a recorded plat, city, or village, and the dwelling house thereon, occupied by the head of a family residing on the same. The bill contains the fallowing provision : "Such exemption shall not extend to any mechanics' and liborers lien, or any mortgage thereon l tv fully ob-

tained ; but such mortgage or other alivnation pLUwrrnot, and 1 believe there rsTTeTy Tew here vt else-

such land by the owner tliereoi, u a married man, shall not be valid without the signature of his wife." Convention Bill. We publish this important bill in this day's paper. We have space for bnt a word of comment. The great interests involved in Ihe action of the people this year, should impel every honest democrat to exert himself to the utmost, in favor of liberal and correct principles. And the most efficient way of doinj thi-s is to incease the- circulation cf Democratic ! newspapers, -the State Sentinel among the number. We shall soon present important propositions, for public consideration. Hurry up the list ! - The Indiana Journal, in speaking of B. F. Brown, of Ohio, who is charged with forgery, says that "the above gentlemen, if we mistake not, was here last fall in company with Mr. W. J. Brown, and talked largely about pnr;haiiii the Sentinel establishment t j become the ürgn f Indiana Democracy." This may all b" true, fur aught we know; but we will take this occasion to inform our neighbor, that he never approached the ownert of the establishment on the subject. Rascals generally avoid uh( or find fault with our course. fj-The Parke County Whig is wonderfully troubled sboot Gov. Wright' vetoes this n inter, and talks about "veto No. 2." We would like to know how he obtained his information on the subject of the vetoing f more than one measure this' winter 1 IIa talks about a Democratic Legislature requiring such restraint. Wonder, if the Parke County Whig is aware of the fact, that out of 40 whig votes, given on the veto of Gov. Wright, 26 of them voted to mhtain the veto 1 If ha does not know this fact, he should have Wen ashamed of the imputations which he maker: and if he did not, be should in justice to. bis party, now make the admission. But shame on if i ui.ii. tw,.,t mw.n auch a man ! who talks about "arrogant assumption suvif w r rr power, by tne uovernor, wnne n noes not publish the veto message, that his readers might eaamine fr themselves and judge for themselves whether the Govennr was right or wrong.

.Published crcrr Thursday. BY TELEGRAPH. Coiifficstioiinl. Wahinq ton, Jan. 21, 1850. Senate. The Bill miking an appropriation for repairing the Cumberland Djiii, in the Ohio River, came ! up and wa.t dioused. f.lr. City spoko in its favor. The subject was passed over inf rin;.My. and the . Senate proceeded t. the consideration of Iho special '.order of the day, beinj Mr. Fooie's resolution decLr- ' ing it to le the duty of Congress to provide Territori al tioverntiici.ts f.ir the territories Mr. Cass, at great lenglh, addressed thi Senate on the question of the Wilmot Proviso. He commenced by stating there were two questions involved in the controversy respecting the Wilmot Pr vio. FirBt, as to its Constitutionality, and secondly, as to its expediency. He would confine himself principally to the question of its Conlitutionali'y, and afterwards of its expediency. He commenced by considering the general power Congrees had to legislate over distant Territories, quoting various authorities in favor of it. This claim of unlimited legislation, he considered, had led to our revolutionary struggl". He had listened with amazement to the subtle discussion on subjects s if the rights of s-n:ieiy were everything, and the right of man nothing. It is a revival nf the dispute l .'tween Great Enttain and her Colonies, in which we have taken the place of the former. He drew distinct ions between the rights of unlimited legislation over distant regions which have no representation, and the right to organize a government, leaving the details to ihe people. In the District of Columbia, Congress has exclusive jurisdiction, but there were peculiar reasons for that arising out of the sit uation of the D. strict and the nature of the original Federal compact. There is no clause tf the Consti tution which gives Congress express power to pass any Law respecting Slavery in the Territories. That authority is derived from various sources. Every construction of the Constitution' which woujdgive foreign legislature power overevery other social and political question in the Territory. If it were intended to give Cmgre8 unlimited power of legislation over Territories, it would have been so express ed. He then entered upon an analysis of thoivarious clauses of the Constitution, from which it ha been atempted to derive thi power of legislation over Territories. At 3 o'clock Air. Cass gave way for Executive Ses sion. Adjourned. House. An ineffectual attempt was mado to reconsidtr the vote postponing the election of Door keeper. The Speaker decided, it would be in order to oflT-r & motion appointing, a- temporary Door-keeper, and fostmastcr, but could " not -go-uito an election unti" the time expired. Match; 1Ö51. A. leti 'lliv discussion ensued, relative to the odpomtrneiit temporarily iri. new, or the continuation of theoldlJoor-kocper. 'tftihatftfraent set,t hi a message, in answer to the resolution of inquiry,' respecting the Government of California, which was read. Tue President says, afUr explaining the inalter, "I did not hesitate lo express to the people of those territories, my desire that each should if prepared lo comply with the re quirements iT the United States Constitution apply for admission into ilu Union, hot I did not authorize the e3li.blishncttvf..iui uch government without the couscnt of Congre-s nor did I authorize any government agent to influence the election of delegates, or control any Convention in making or m od il'ving i...:- A ... IJWashington, Jan. 22. Senate. Mr. Webster submitted a resolution granting to every male citizen of the U. S. a quarter m section of public land, who Eetlled uitou and Culti- I . . . i i vaies me same mice years, it lies over. The Senate resumed the special order of the day, being the . consideration of Foote's resolution lor forming territorial governments. Mr. Cass having the floor, resumed, and concluded his remarks on the Wilmot Proviso. "I beliejfe ihia Union .will survive all the dangers wiiti which it may be menaced, however trying the circumstauces in which it. may be placed, but to maintain this proud position, tins integrity of political existence on which-so- much, for us, and the world depeuds, we must avoid those "sectional questions so much and so forcibly deprecated by the Father of his country, aud cultivate a spirit of mutual regard, adding lotheconsidera ions of interest which hold us together. Sad will be the day when the first drop of blood is shed in preservation of this Union. Tiiat day need never cuine if the same epiul of compromise and concession by each, f r the feelings ot ail, which animated our fathers, continue to animate us and our cuildreu; but if powers offensive to one portion of tu country and of doubtful obligation, lo day the least of it, arc to bo exercised by another aud uuder circuuistauce of peculiar excitement, this confederacy may be rent in twain, leaving another example of that judicial blind-lies.-with winch God 111 his providence ttorueliiues visits the aim of nations. low , t:r, as a mere practical question, is Ihe legislative adoption of this Proviso w or to the hazard at which alouu it can bo secured, and over the obstacles I have until alluded lo ! There thould be great ' advaiitTtge inestimable iudeed, to be gained bfcfüraticrr--fckKiiieasure ia forced upon the country'. Can any man say that they correspond at alt with the magnitude of cril which musi follow iu ThifraiJ . I'or myself, 1 do nut believe tue slightest good Will reault, or would result undtT lue must favorable circumstances, from this Congressional interference with ihe rights of ihe people of territories. Tue object avowed is to prevent the introduction of .slavery. Cat. it to there svvn il h it without this oiohibiliuii ! I believe it where that think it can. rhu Wilmot i'roviso is urged upon the grouud of its expediency ; it is opposed upon the ground v i-1 unconstitutionality. Now, is the contest worln-the cV pUice this harten, aud as i believe, unconstitutional i'roviso ou the statute book ! 1 will engage in no such crusadu against the South, from whatever motives it ongini4 ted. 1 will endeavor to discharge my tiuty as su American Senator, to thu country, the wi.ole coun-. try, and when I cannot do this, 1 shall cease to hare any duty here to perform. My sentiments upon the Wilmot Proviso are now before this Senate. ' I am precluded from voting in conformity with them. I havo been instructed by the Legislature of Michigan to vote in favor of this measure. 1 am a believer in the right of instruction when exercised under proper circumstances. 1 acknowledge the obligation of Iho instructions Jiave received and cannot act in opposition to them.riiOT tun I act in opposition to my own convictions Cf the true meaning of the constitution. When the time comts and I am required to tote upon this meanure, as a practical one, on a bill providing a territorial government, 1 eh all know how to reconcile my duty to the Legislature, with toy duty lo my self, by surrendering the trust I can no longer fulfil." Air. Cass concluded. Mr. Butler took the floor for to-morrow. The bill providing for the repair of the Cumberland Dam was pa seed. Washington, Jan. 3, 1850. Senate. The Vermont slavery resolution came up for consideration, when Mr. Phelps, who had the floor, made a moderate aud tvell-tiuied speech in defines of the resolution, which occupied most of the session. On motion of Mr. Butler, the bill providing for the recapture of fugitive slaves was made the order of the duy for to-mrrow. Hob'sK. A re8i lution waa adopted, after considerable debate, allowing ninety days to collect testimony relative to the contested seat o ' Thompson, of Iowa. Tli IL'uae then took up the President's Territorial message, which elicited a pretty sharp debate. Mr. Sid Jon said he had looked itito the documents : accompanying the message, and he felt bound to say, ibero was no truth in the remark of the President, . . , . ... . , . . , . lil.al Iii A rim i nut m f ion hH n.S iiilsrlapA.I in tl. a r fairs of California. He then read extracts proving that the President had advised the formation of a State Government for California, and usurped the Legislative power, which now places Congress under

State

INDIANAPOLIS, serious embarrassments. The President was evidently no C n:iturinna1 lawyer, but a brave soldier, and liad been dweived by hti Cabinet. Mr. FtKte ni pd to reo-r the eulj?ct to the Committen f the Whole, oendiii? which the House ad jourm d. I,c!icr fi otn Ort-;; on. Onr.cos Citt, September 5, IS 19. Dtta Sib: The cieutiüc explonti n of thi coutittj hive done it much hairn; ihry lot often reflected the ioteiet(d policy of ihe IIu-Nod's Biy Company, which was always adere to the Ameiican iuteiel. The two rcidVnl that bappruel (hit year are an injuiy to a Fiench ihip. the M.irning Siai," and the h. of ihe American hip, Silvia Derae." The former wm iui) by an incompetent pilot over the Noitb BiCker, and th lt:er in derendin Ihe Columbia wat run out of the chan nel, and beitijf veiy heavily laden with lumber, wa billed 0 a rock. The tonnage of the Silvia is 641 tow large for thi liver at this seioo of the year, and was running wiihout a pilot. The navigation of lha Columbia is vt'T fe and the terrois of the Columbia Bar have been annihilated by the enteiprie of our meichantmen. The one half of the ve-seW in this tiade rome and go without pilots, and to safely. There aie now fourteen vessels in this liver for freight, aud there are nol often fewer vessels inside Ihe Bar. They load molly with I u Tiber, wheat and flour, and shinale. J here hive been shipped from this territorr near ten million feet of lumber this year already, to California. It is woitn nere aoout upon an aveiaze of euhtv-five dollait per thousand feel. Tnis tra t to our citizens Is worth more than the gdd mines to California. It is inexhaustible, and oar people sie leturniag from ihe mines every day to the various occupations of lunibeiing, farming and improving the country. The country is daily being explored by emigrants and othei, and new settlements are rrowinc od. I have been a good deal through the eountrv. and I give it as mr opinion that Oregon Tertitory is uceptible, with equal cul tivation, oi making (wo States on the coast equal to .New YoiW and Pennsylvania. It excel any country on the continent for wheat and all the small giains. It is good for grass and grazing, and quite equals any put of the West lor an me vegetable productions excepting corn. whi-h will not grow well this side lh Cascade Hange of mountains. The hlth u fine and lh scenery is beautiful. Governor L.ane is well, and j -ins me iu endtag hi compliments you. I enclose rou by lhilBUlLJi meaee In the Legis lative AssemblyT'sW(tMbi4ocumenL The Governor i deservedly pojrrtimfiz the-people of all clis'-es. I hope you will he in a hnny shout wiiting to rne I want lo hear Ihe news badly I with I had my family here,-but the J.iorney in after them is quite Ivng, and I do not ! m hethcr I will come in before Spring ; pethsps I will oot lesve here before Mav. The gold of California hse run every thing wild on this coast. P ices aie exor tiitan,of livin is so dear that if it were not that the m ;ney to pay it with is as plruty as'the esnds of the sea, no one could live. I hive had a Ktter frerq William II. D'liham aud the rompai'y he is -with -sfeey hif-e:sji-along well, he wrote me on the 15th of JulyjAad.1i"Pf o get tu California I5;h September; riot one of them' came to Oj'rgon we unJeistand by Ihe emi grants, however, that are coming lo, that (here wi:i be a larerujjcration to this territory this year. The wJiola. rountiy is in a state of excitement, and bustle and stir x do one knows what lo do. Property which I eoutd hate" bought when I came here for a ihou.no J dollars, I could sell now for ten thousand. I bought nothing but the Iland Mills, which aie at the Falls of the Wilhatnmette in this ciir t they have a good saw and grist mill on them. I eave thirty 1houad for them i thry nett me now. one day with an ther, about one hundred and fif y dollai, clear of expenses My salary would not ray my travelling expenses and boaid Every ihii g is plentiful thai one wants to live on. but money ii s'ill moie s . The rtste of things in the country opeia'es severely on salaried otficeis t in net, there is not a sal ary in the country that would nrocuie the services of a cook ordiarmvu J. will- .til in a ifA' 81 "two over lo Puget'i So'ind toehold the -Lewis coumy c-mrt,or lather the Di.stiict C urt in Lewis couuiy, for the purpose of trying six Indians for muidemtg a yuung man J;y ihe iname ol Vvtllace hive no more loem to wute. JUm my rc-prcts to all inquit ing fiiend. , - WM. P. BRYANT Fanner, just read the following, not only on ac count of its immense importance to the world at large. but to iov yno-ffTtf-ou can benefit the rest of man kind by furnwhirivPvood while you may in pi jmen for the State Sentinel-.- - - - - tjoVrthe Washington Union. An Important Invention. The following cominuvribation was handed to us by the author, Rufus Porter, Esq., who is well known to us as the former editor of the Scientific American, and aa a ma a wel versed in a knowledge of the arts and inventions He is a mm of superior intelligence and of great honesty of char:cter, and we do nut hesitate to e.iy, that any fact stated upon his own knowledge may be relied upon implicitly. We do not know" whetlir-Ht the great results which he anticipates from the fnreu. tion which he describe can be realized: but he has stated to us some remarkable ficts, the results of his own experiments, which wguJiIeem . lo justify the anticipations in which he inddlges. If the invention shall turn out to be what the inventors now promise themselves it will be, it is certainly a most wonderful discovery, and will create a new era in the arts and in civilization : For the Union Messrs. Eeitors. Pain authorized to snnotince the discovery and practical test of the must important ncieiiifio invention ever yet produced or brought to light eince the world has" been 4nhabitid by man ati invention which mtisf eventually, and almost immediately, pn-duce an immense revolution in the commercial intercourse and business in general throughout the world; and although it will break down and ruin mnny of the most important branches of -business and avenues to wealth, with hundreds of wealthy corporations and business establishments, yet it V7TTbui!d up thousands of others, and contribute hundreds of millions to the benefit of mankind, especially to the American cominun:ty. The first and main feature and foundation of this invention, and which at once opens a field for hun dreds f other inventions, is the discovery by Henry M. Paine, Lq., of a ready and almost expeneless mode of decomposing water and reducing it to the gaseous state. J5y the simple operation ot rt very small machine, without galvanic batteries, or the consumption i'f metals or acids, and only the application ef less than one thrcc-hundred:h (1-oüO) part of one horse power, Mr. Paine produces two hundred cubic feet of hydrogen gas, and one hundred feet of oxygen ga per hour. The quantity of these gasse.s (the actual cost of which is less than one cent) will furnish as much heat by combustion au 2,0KI feet of the ordinary coal gas, and sufficient to supply light rqon1to three hundred common lamps fr ten hours, including the requisite heat for the kitchen; or to euipplv the requisite heat for one horse-power of steam. Thts" invention has been tested by six months' opera tion, applied to the lighting of houses, and recently the opplicabiltty of these gasses to the warming of houses, has also been tested with perfectly satisfactory results. A steam engine furnace and a parlor stove, both adapted to the burning of these gasses, have been invented, and measures taken for securing patents therefor. Mr. Paine, has one of his machines, new and elegant, now in full operation, and publicly exhibited, and may be expected to exhibit the eame in this city within twenty days. The only actual expense of warming houses by this apparatus is that of winding up a weight, (like Ihe winding up of a clock) once a day ; and the heat produced miy be as easily graduated and regulated as the flame of a common gas burner. No smoke whatever 13 prod.iced, but a very small quantity of steam, sufficient to euprily the requisite moisture to the atmosphere. In its application to the production of steam power, it will reduce the expense thereof to the mere wear of the machinery, and will immediately produce an immense demand fr eteain engines, and induce the establishment of thouandsf manufacturing mill, reduce the expense of traveling, and increase the demand for agricultural produce while it ruins the coal and gas business, and such manufacturing establishments as depend on monopoly and high prices. This invention, moreover, removes completely the only obstacles which have hitherto ex isted to terial ia7igation the difficult? of procuring hydrogen gas, and carrying a supply of fuel; and it mjy now be considered a mutter of tolerable certainty that men will bo seen swiftly and safely snaring in various directions before tho first of May next Those foem, being nfim.net.se importance, should not be longer withheld; and I therefore would avail myself of your widely circulating journal to present them to the public. Yours, respectfully, ' R. PORTER. Washington, Dec. 22, 1849. . . I ho total number of fires which ecurred in tho city of New York during the year 1349 i stated at 29.3. .. . . The Post estimates the loss of property by fire during tbc year al more than $I,000,OW.

JANUARY 31, 1850. Col. licntoii on Ilic Southern Conclave. Cul. Benton's lest speech, ot Fayette, .Mictsnnri, in a memorable contribution to American patriotism. The tone is earnest, dignified and noblt.. It is ronpirJerrrl Iiiia nbl st effort, during the whole rnnvuf?. It uiifdds the d-sizns of the imllifiers and disunhmist in a imnner nt once clear and temperate. We Inve n w btrrly spare to give his reasons f r nl at- j J he : ter.d.ng the Sinthern conclave, which ehow that he peremplrirüv refused: "I did p. d attend that conclave. I was invited to : do fo, not by Mr. Calhoun he knew me too well, and j knew that I knew him too well to desire to see me ! there: but I was invited by goid men, and friends to : the Union, both wings and democrats, and urged to come to nid them in ütnpping the inurement. I was specially urged to attend the night Morehead's reso lution was to be (.ffured, and tolJ that we could pa?s the resolution, and brenk up the meeting, if I would go and osit. A whig and a democrat, in the name of their mutual friends, each, aheruately, beckoned me out ot mv seat into a coinniitee room, and urged me to attend. I was inexnruble, and gave them the reason that 1 was tired of these plots ngainst the Union tired of this threat of disunion that I want ed the thing to come to a head, that the people might see it, and understand it; and then they would cnHi it forever ?nd that Mr. Calhoun had hinted a neW point of departure at the passage of the Oregon, bill; and I wished to see him take it. Upon these grounds I refused to go; and still believe I did what was best for the country. In fict, the ereat majority near three-fourths of the Senators and Representatives from the slaveholding Slate, soon became of the ante opinion, and censed to attend. Mr. Calhoun was left without opposition, and had tilings his own way. The result was the suppression of Morehead's resolu tion in favor of th) Union, and the adoption of the Southern Address against it. The character of that address admits of nu dispute. It is perfectly under stood where its author lives: and its character there publicly proclaimed, proudly exulted in, and boldly defended." After alluding tn the manifest object of Calhotjx, to get the Southern members committed to dissolve the Union, when he wns ready to give the signal, Col. B. thus masterly portrays the traitorism of those who are xtrorn tit support Ihs Constitution, yet iu order to extend Slavery, arc engaged iu schemes to destroy the Kepuhlic : 44 'If the Urrion caunot be preserved. This aain :s nol a cas- for an if, in a man standing in ll.e place of Mr. Caihoun. - He holds a pLce under the Consti tution, and i sworn lo support it. He is a soldier enlisted lo defend it a guard on duty, bound to defend it. Tho soldier cannot say, if the battle can't be" gained, (and thnt before it begins,) I will at least ta"ke rare of myself; and so run off. The guard cannot say, if the king can't be saved. I will at least save myself ; and then run off, or help to kill him. No moreean Mr. Calhoun, sworn to support the Con stitution, and holning a place under it, and standing among its defenders, say, (and that before ho has made any trial,) if the Union cannot be saved, I will at least take care of No. 1. I will be off to the South and save it. His oath is vol to the South, but to the Constitution. As a Senator, he is bound to the Con stitution, and to the Union; and is under a double obligation, that of office, as well as of citizen, to de fend both. His very place, under the Constitution, gives him the more chance to destroy it, and doubles his duty w support if, and doubks uulu he doe not. The Constitution was jealous of its life, and required security from those who were trusted to a place under it. The security was an oath, in addition to honor and duty. A Senator cannot act till he takes the oath; and afier that he is in the condition of the guard within the citadel. He must defend, and die, if the defence requires it. A placo under the Constitution doubles the duty to defend it. A man that waylays the house, and breaks in during the night, and mur ders the master, commits a great crime; it would be greater if he had begged admittance for the nizht, received hospitality, contracted the obligation of defence to the master, and then in breach of a sacred rite, and sided by the d mips ion he had gained, should . ! 1 I'll ST a creep upon mm, mm kiu mm. Liurr s treason was odious, but it might have been more so. He was not then under oath to support the Constitution, nor occu pying a place under it, by which to attack it more readily and more fatally. His guilt would have been greater if he had plotted his treason while Vice Pres ident. It would thn have been perjury, and breach of trust, in addition to treason. Senators have been expelled for suspected infidelity to the Union : and no one is allowed to say if, when the ssfetv t, that sacred bond is at stake." OrAtiiHg- ihe Territory ot Tvxsi. Mr. Uen ton has introduced a bill into tho Senate defining the boundary of Texas, lie proposes to leave Texas 150.000 pout re miles in extent, and to offer her 15,IKW,UJ0 for the territory relinquished. surrender of public buildings, Custom Houses, and receipts of customs, j lie bill provides that when this relinquished territory shall have 1(K,000 inhabit tan!, it sliall be admitted as a State into the Union. The introduction of this bill was a surprise to most Senators, although done with the knowledge and consent of the Senators from Texas. Senator Poole irmnedratly thereafter introduced his glorified roinpromi.se bill, and accused Col. Ben ton of plagarism, or rather of 4,a?ealitig his thunder." Not that it was the ame sort of thtni'l'r. for the Mississippi Senator boldly avowed his object was, to increase Slave Territery, ttdd to the numher of the Slave State, and add to the number if Slave Stnte Senators; while he charged upon Col. Benton, the design of purchasing a portion of the Slave Territory of Texas, with view of, afterwards, applying to it the principles of the "Wilmot Proviso." lie then heaped upon "Old Bullion" all sorts of epithetical denunciations quoted Lnlin at him and finally railed him the Democratic Traitor Cuta 'ine, 44who has scattered confasion and discord through the whole Democratic ranks of the North ; who, hut for him and his accursed teachings, I verily believe, would, under the sage and honest counsels which emanated from the honorable Senator from Michigan, who sits before me, (Mr. Cass) have stood firmly and fearlessly in the non-interference doctrines of the renowned Nicho!son letter." During this wordy and abuive assault, C1. Benton left the Seiia'e Chamber; the following words from a "dead, language" in hot pursuit, abiit eta tit, erupil. General Joseph Lane. At a meeting of the democracy of Indiana, at Indianapolis, General Lane was proposed with the greatest enthuiam as the next candidate of the democratic party for President of the United States. Wi have but slight personal acquaintance with Gen. Lane, but his public acta show him to be a man of no ordinary capacity. He has shown himself equal to every station he has been called upon to fill. He is, by birth, a Kentuckian. He lias been .several times a member uf the Legislature of his adopted State, and occupied a high stand amongst the ablest representatives of that Stnte. His gallant bearing in the Mexican war has given him a fame as wide as the Union. His message as Gov ernor of Oregon shows his eminent qualifications for the office so jndidiciously conferred upon him by Presi dent Polk. Whether he is to be ihe standard bearer of the great democratic party in 1852 depends upon circumstances. One thing we can say, he will be a gallant one, should he be selected; and should he at tain the high office of Chief Magistrate of this Re public, he will prove himself equal to that exalted station, as he has don in every other to which he has been called. IsmisviUe Democrat. Sjull nuX.We suppose the report of the Board - tT , , , ... - , , , . , . . of Health refer-to the case ..f Mr. Ashbndge, which we reported several days since. He n getting well, I and we have beard of no other cases. .We observe I ,,. i,8 aDcrs report the disease in various quarters j - ... g , Trca, :. ,.ou woul(j measles. Bd there is little danger. j 44 Thank kind Providence, there are oases in every faerl. Madison Banner. , . . e ,. , , , , ,. I Tina . Kut if I horn mrfttt not km tim. what voiil1 I be rases he good for J

Volume lX:::::::::Nnniber M.

Orliii:uicc of 17S7 Historical Fallacies cor reefed. There is an almost universal mapprehcnsion in rWminri (, lC exact history of the ordinance of 17S7. If is frue that Mr. Jf.ffekson drafted n Ordinance in 1734, but it was not the Ordinance of 1737. It did, however, contain Ihe celebrated prohibitory clause. It is hitorl( Bllv correct, therefore, to claim for that .... I.r.lJlllUII, 'MIHI, llltll"lf " " disfinguish-d Statesman, the authorship of this very ! esfeiWn! and important feature of the Ordinance, In J767, on the 13th djy of July, the Ordinance repor ed by Messrs. CAtniNurox, of Va. ; Lee, of Va.; Dane, of Mi. ; and Smith, f N. Y.. was adopted, 44 by the I'-.ited States in Congress assembled." The following are its essential paragraphs : Il is hereby ordained and declared, by the authority aforetai-l. That the following articles shall be considered as artceu of compact between the original state and the peopj and states in the aaid territory, and forever remain unalterabe, unless by common conemt. Art. VI. There shall be rei bet slavery nor involunraty servitude in the said territory, otherwise than in the pu iishment of crimes, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted : Provided aways, that any person escaping into tht same, from whom Ubor or sertice is lawfully domed it aay one nf the original slates, such fugitive may be law lly reclaimed, aud conveyed to the person claiming his or her Ishor or service aa aforesaid. On the 17rh tiny vf S ptmnher, of the same year, (17S7.) ill- Convention entrusted with the important duty of firming the present Constitution, completed their lab".-.. The 1st section of thr fi.h article of that instrument reads as f .How ; AH dehfs contracted, and engagements entered into, before the adoption of this Constitution, ha:l öe as valid against the United States under this Cuitituli.m, as under ihe Confederation. As the Oidinniice was adopted on the 13th c f July, it i not only recognized by this article, but, being an "engagement entered into" by the United States with Iho people of the Northwestern Territory, was, substantially, made part and parcel of the Constitution itself innch so as if it had been rehearsed in that inntruinent. Besides eucIi men, from the Ni rtli, as Roger Sherman. Alex. Hamilton and Bexj. Franklin, the following Souihrn members m" the Constitutional Convention vo'ed to rnnke the Ordinance, which forever excludes Slavery from the Noith western Territory, a part of iho Constitution, viz: Deiawabe. Georga Read, Gunning Bedford, jun., John Dickinson, Richard Bnssett, Jaci-b Brown. Mabtlaxd. James M'Henry, Daniel of St. Tho. Jenifer, Daniel Carroll. Viksixia. Georgs Washington, J-din Blair, James Madison, jun. Komth Carolina. William Blount, Richard Dobba Spsieht, Hush Williamson. fcSoüTK Carolina. John Rutledgc, Charles Cotesworth Pinkney, Pierce Butler. Georgia. William Few, Abraham Baldwin. The validity of the Ordinance having been thus asserted and secured by Ihe Constitution, it wesnt necessary that it hould bo 44 re-enacted ' after that instrument had become the fundamental law of the land, nor teas it re-enacted in 1730, as is almost universally represented. It was, however, recognized and amended on th 7f. day of August 1769. as follows : Sr.c. 1. Whereas, in order thst the ordinance of the United States in Congress assembled, far the government of the territory northwest of the Rier Ohio may continue to have full clftct, it is requisite that certain provisions should be made, so aa to adspt the same 1 the present constitution of the United, States, it is enacted. That in all cases in which by the said ordinance, any information is to be given, or communication made by the governor of the said territory to the U. States in Congress assembled, or any of their officers, it 6ball be the Uuty of aaid governor to give such infirmation and to make such commanieation to the President of the United Stales ; and the President shall nominate, and by and with the consent of the Senate, shall appoint all officers which by the laid ordinance weie lo have been appointed by the United States in Congress assembled, and all officers ao appointed, ahatl be commissioned by him : And in all cases where the United States in Congress assembled, might, by the said ordinance, revoke any commission or remove from any office, the President is hereby declared to have the same power of revocation and removal. Sec. 2. In case of the death, removal, resignation or necessary absence of the governor of said territory, the secretary thereof shall be, and be is hereby authorized and required to execute all the powers, and perform all the duties of the governor, during the vacancy occasioned by the removal, resignation or necessary absence ot the said governor. From thes-brief reminiscences, it will be seen that the Ordinance not only received the unanimous vote of Ihe Congress of 1757, hut became, in fact, a part of the Co'i-titutiou. by the unanimous vote of the Convention by which that instrument was framed, and subsequently received the sanction of all Ihe States which gave their vote in favor of the Constitution. Is it not ridiculous, therefore, to contend that it would be unconstitutional to apply the principle of ihat Ordinance to New Mexico and California, when the Or dinance which embodies that principle, is a part of the Constitution itself 1 A 'b. E. Jour. Kf.htccict I.aoisLATcac Their United States Senators und the Slave Subject. In the Lower House of the Kentucky legislature, on the 21 inst, Mr. Siiums offered the following resolutions, (in keepiug with the Union sentiments of Gov. Crittenden's message, aa published yesterday,) and moved their reference to a select committee : Jlesohed, That the union of the sovereign States of thi republic is the only sure foundation of its strength and grentuess, and to the American patriot is nearer and dearer than any local, sectional, or fractional interest whatever, arising from geographical divisions or party feuds, and thai every e3lrt ti dissolve it is at enmity with the principles of the revolution, and is totally destructive of our highest social and political happiness to our national prosperity, and to our well earned fame. Jiesolved, That the union of these States was cemented in revolutionary Mood, and is above all price, and that Kentucky will stand by it as Ihe most sacred duty, whila she rememb-ts the struggles of '76, and the parting admonitions of the fv her of bis country. Jiesolved, That we have full confidence in the patriotism of our Senators and Representatives in Congress assembled, and that upon this question they will be true and unyielding in their devotion to the Ui.ion. This resolution after some debate, waa referred to a select committee. LorrsiAWA Asaihbt Disusiosr. The N. O. Commercial Bulletin, of the 28th ult., apeak of that Stale aa having no sympathy with hot-headed disunionisu. It say a: Anything which, the indiscreet and injudicious of any or till sections of the county can do to dissolve this Union, we regard as mere brulum fulmen, fr it is bound together by hooka of steel, which all their efforts will be unable to loosen or destroy. Ws have carefully examined our exchanges from the Southern State, and have not only received letters from the different sections, but have seen many others, and from all we can learn or bear, we do not see lbs least symptom of any response by the people of the South to the excitement which some of their Representatives are endeavoring to create at Washington. Tha people of the South apparently were never more calm and tranquil, and do not realize any of the fancied dangers which seem to haunt the minds of these ghout teen and hobgoblin manufacturer!. We would recommend those gentlemen to regain a little more equanimity and coolness of temper, and not to rate the judgment and common sense of their constituents by such a low standard, or lo suppose they can be so readily frightened by the raw head and bloody bones which they are striving so hard to keep before them. Mr. George Washington de Lafayette, who accompanied his father during the last visit to the United States, died lately at Lagrange. He baa left two sons, AI. M. Oscar and Edmund de Lafayette. Crim. Con. Our city was rife with rumors yesterday thut a certain professional book-keeper had, on the day before, made a "double entry" on board of the LtJuisville packet, Swiftsure, contrary to good morals and the laws "in such cases made and provided." In plain language, he eloped with the beautiful wifa of one of our citizens. Perhaps he is the 4gay Lothario" whose numerous matrimonial exploits wc copied from a St. Louis paper some dayg since. Midiuvi Banner, 19.

Für the Indiana State Sentinel. Fashionable IneoitiMencle. Were tie not admirers of the softer sex, we would not obtrude ourselves upon their notice with the following remarks, and trust what we have to esy will be as kindly received s it is honestly cdranerd. If any person is bem-fitted we shall te grstiried. Every country has it- customs, and what appears odd to us may isocm right to other". We might adopt with propriety whatever is cotiistcnf, and should reject that which is inconsistent. The Goddess i f Fashion i ever changing and fickle ; why should her whims and behests be always obeyed ! There i no good reason why approved cus-.

j toms should be obolished, or why each iirfw fishion i should be embraced. I We remember when American ladies wore their j dresses several inches above their feet, and what is j prettier than a neat shod foot ! Now il is considred j indelicate to wear nny but long dreste. and & sisht I-,. I e . ft " r e little foot is out of the question. Who has nut noticed our prettiest ladies promenading tur streets in mucuy weather with the skirts of their tine costumes bordered with some inches of mud, and which they could not be induced to raise a little because the act might exhibit the worked border of a clean jure how very modest! ! whilst the dear creatures are willing to appear in public assemblies with arms and neck uncovered, and breast not invisible. This is well enough, but we object to affected, narrow-minded mdefty ; we wish our ladies would emulate those cf Europe in some particulars. The uci tness of the better classes of them is quite striking. 4,The majority of them wear white cotton clockings, without thoe dirty pantah-ls which you ee bobbing against the ancles of our women, and they have too much good sense, under an offtcted modesty to let their cbthes draggle in the mud ; but they raise them a little, and you will see them elegantly dresbed, and walking through and crossing the muddiest streets in the rain, and nut a speck of dirt upon their ehoea or stockings." The plan of encumbering the person with coarso and heavy inner garments, to give the outer an unproportioned circumference is inconsistent with good taete, and productive t f bad health. rashton has dictated the compression of the infant feet in irons to one nation the enclosure of the infant head between two boards to another and the withering of the vital system by cords or corsets to a third; because, forsooth, the would fein beautify nature' handiwork ! She would "Gild refined gold, paint the lily. Throw a perfume on the violet, Smooth the ice, or add another hue Unto the rainbow" It is about this wasteful aud ridiculous attempt to beautify bv light-lacing, the rrost beautiful cf our species, that wo are about to J-poaL. This c-uVorn ha$ been introduce! among us by the enlightened of the old world, and has been duly observed by the better classt-F of this country. Whilb't philanthropists have been d-dng gmtd Korks" little has been said about this iself-dcstroying practise, iu comparison with volumes that have been written and spoken in regard to evils of minor importance. To a few physiological writers the world id greatly indebted for an exposure cf the bansfil cfT-cta resulting from Ughd-lacix ; tr.d they have clearly demonstrated thai th;s curtom tends to tn early destruction of the physical ai.d ncr.ta-l power of woman, and to the reproduction of a degenerate and enfeebled progeny ; an ! '.t is earnestly hoped that mothers and daughters fr the lave they have for themc!vis and their posterity, tSnt ihey will at once renounco the use of th cors?t,,,iiiid take a position amongst ll.e reformers of the day. Anti-Tight-lacing Societies should be font. cd throughout the length and breadth of our land. Soon thereafter we might say of our girls as Henry C'deman (an American) says of the girls of Broeck end Ssardani. "I think some of them the fairest and handsome; creatures I ever looked upon, and rnnde of unmuod porcelain clay. Before I left England, I thought the English women the fa i regt I had ever tu. I now consider them as belonging to the rc'orrd races; these girls much exceed them. Take the fairest roc? that was ever plucked, with the gli lcring dew-dn-p among its fetals ; take the fairest peach t'.at ever hung upon thi tree, with its charming tints of red and uhtte and they are eclipsed by the transparency end beauty of complexion of the fairest of t!iec women." OBSERVER. The Other Side. We find a somewhat lenghthy article in the Washington Globe, in review cf the work called 44The Other Side," purporting to be a history of the late war, and in which the Mexican writers have the impudence to allege that "the truth is, our army routed the Americans iu all encounteis." The book has been compiled, edited and written by some fourteen or fifteen authors, so that from this fact an idea of its literary merit may be gatheredThe authors of this book claim the battle of Buena ViMa or Angostura, ns u is called iu Mexico, as a decisive Mexican victory, certainly il is alleged thai they out fought the Americans, but lost the oppann triumph by some ho.-ii-pocus work r.ot yet fui'y explained. The blame of this apparent defeat is thrown upon Mmou, who, with a large force, iu the rear of Taylor's army during the battle, remained inactive. Santa Anna's qualifications for a general arc rather roughly hnndied, whihs he is complimented for his perwil bravery, ft is to be regretted." aar Ihe atithorn, thal Ms combinations did not correspond with his galLntry, that his errors dim the splcudor uf Iiis merit, and that while it is painful to blame bis conduct as a general, it is alto pleasing to praise his courage as a soldier." To praise a general for his courage only is "faint praise. Thi lowers his merit to that of a common soldier, and assigns him but few of the qualities he ought to po3eiss as a commander. The account of the march of S-mta Anna's army to Utiena Vi-ta, and his retreat from that battle. portray the most horror-striking hardt-hips alleged to liaie been experienced by thi ill-fated frc e. The loss siifitained in the inarch from cold, fatigue, ccc. is pet down at four thousand; and the loss from all c-iuees, ou the retreat, at ten thousand five hundred, making fourteen thousand Sve hundred, out cf twenty or twenty-one thousand. There must be much exaggeration in this; but nfler deducting one-third, it appears that Santa Anna lost one-half of his army, besides the loss Fuetaincd in the battle; and o completely demolished had the army become, that, on ihe retreat, the soldier murdered their own officers with the view of cot cealing their plundering t.nd robbery; and yet these Mcxicau writere, who acknowledge this horrid State of affairs, contend that wich soldiers can and did vanquish our brave men. Wc admire tho cool ffrontery of the-e sssertions. The accounta of sonic of the other battles are rather tnoic impartially given. Impoktaxt IxvExnn.v. We yesterday witnessed the operation of a small Saw Mill, constructed upon a new and singular prinriplc that of sdf-propul-sion. The inventor is "Jr. Amos Jackson, cf l'otiowatamie county, Iowa, who, in company with several of his brethren of the Mormon faith, are now in this city. Jir. Jackson has spent many years nf toil, and large sums of money, in perfecting thia invention, and our impressiou is that the method now pr?senttd will entirely supercede the millj now in us. This mill is built in Buch a manner rs lo derive ita entire propelling power from the weight of Ihe lof : j be rawed, which he accomplish s in the following manner: the ordinary way upon which the carr tgu travels, are fixed upon beariugs that enter into the frame, the opppo6ite ends are provided with large segments of cog wheels and pinions; thus, it will he seen, that when the lojf is pushed forward to the caw, its weight is brought to act with great force through the segments, upon a shift having several intermediate gearings, to increase the speed sufficiently for driving the crank shaft. When we consider that the weight of saw-log a is commonly eix to eight thousand pounds, we may judge of the immense propelling power thus obtaiued; indeed, the fear is, that means will have to be ucd to check and regulate the velocity of the descending mass, as the aegmcnt describes its area. If the principle, u hen carried out, answers any thing like aa well as the one we have witnessed, we cannot tee what use there can be for steam, water, or any other power than that used by Mr. Jackson foraaw-miJling. St. Louis Republican. The t'nsc of Webster. . Uosro.v, Jan. 19, 1850 The Grand Jury have found a true bill against Webster for the murdsr of Dr. Parkman. The examination before the Grand Jury was not wholly ex parte. Several witoesaes aaid they had seen Parkman after bis disappearance. The New Orleans Delta publishes an anonymous letter dated Washington, Texas, in which the writer says Webster is innocent cf the murder of Parkman. That he ' himself ia guilty, and that be is going to California. 'Ilie ' Utter ia wriiten en coatt papef n iWiterata i'jt.