Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 9, Number 21, Indianapolis, Marion County, 1 November 1849 — Page 1

INDIANAPOLIS. OCTOIlCIfi 37, 18 19. Central Plank Road. Six Miles Finished. Mr. Robso:, the energetic and efficient president of the Central Flank Road Company, on Thursday last showed us out along the line of that portion of the plank road which is finished west, aix miles. The road is well built, bridges all nicely repaired, and all finished op snug. The work was completed yesterday, and the toll-gale, at the east end of White River bridge, is up to-day. Mr. A. Fukeway Im been appointed gate-keeper, (an excellent appointment, by the way,) and ia now at his pt. Those travelling that way will therefore remember to take

- - extend the road, both cas: and west, as rapidly n , v if a fis till I is Iha Wactn nf tliA ra rn nta vi t it their means and the weather will permit. Success to it. Holmes's Tavern. John and Kennedy Holmes have just finished an extensive and elegant tavern house at Mount Jackson, on the national road, two tnd a half mile from the city. As we passed on Thursday evening last, they were putting in the furniture. If this house be properly kept it will become a favorite resort for our city folks is it is just the right dietance for an evening drive from town. New Telegraphic Line. We are glad t learn that preparations are making, by Mr. Lee, the Agent of Morse's Telegraph, to build a new line from St. Louis to Cincinnati: the eastern part of it to run through Shelby vi lie, Rushville. Conucrsrille. Hamilton, &.c. Mr. Lee is now in this city, soliciting subscriptions for stock, and we hope will receive abundant encouragement. It i said that all the flock has been taken except for the portion between Indianapolis and Terre Haut. The line will cost Si-'" Pr miK, and the distance will 1 about 400 miles. Mr. Lee is very sanguine as to the success of the line af er completion, and is willing to guarantee that it will pay at least ten per cent, to stockholders. The line is desirable for many reasons; one being, that it will give us a direct means of communicating with Cincinnati, without the necessity of losing time and incurring cost by transcribing messages at intermediate offices. Competition, too, would make the present line worth something, perhaps. Our people have put a good deal of their means into railroads, but we hope they will be able to give Mr. Lue a lift. The Naval School. APuding to the appointment of a Board of officers to revise the Rules of the Natal School, recently, we obnerved, that to make the school what it ought to be, there should be added two ptofessorships those of Military Evolutions on the land, and of International Law. The recent cervices of a portion of the navy, in the land service, in Mexico, demonstrates the utility of the fir6t ; and the more recent difficulty, of which the conduct of Commander Carpender was one of the causes, and which under some circumstances might have led two grent nations into a quarrel, shows the necessity, that our naval officers should have some knowledge of law. It seems to be a conceded point, that Carpender had a just claim for salvage, for saving the French ship Eugenie, and equally clear, that he had no right to detain the vessel, as he did for a short time, as a surety for payment, before the claim had been adjudicated by a competent rou t. Certainly it would seem, that if he had psessed the requisite legal knowledge, no difficulty would have occurred. We hope that the board of officers at Washington will think of this subject, and if they approve our suggestion, will recommend it to the attention of Congress: for we suppose the board has not authority to make the addition we propose. State Dressing Machine. We dropped into P. Ilosbrook & Co's. steam works, a day or two ago. to examine a patent stave dressing machine, recently put in operation. It is of very simple construction, but seemed to perform the work most admirably. We think it deserving of the particular attention of coopers and millers, because, if we are not very much in error, the excellent and speedy manner in which the machine performs its work, will afford much gratification. Machines of this kind, which will operate economically, as we think this will, are necessary to enable us to compete successfully in the .ale of barrels in other markets. We have plenty of limber, and with such machines may export thousands of barrels yearly. OWe observe that Mrs. Sarah T. Bolton of this city has contributed a beautiful piece of pot-try to the last number of Sartain's Magazin, and another, and perhaps a better one to the National Era of Oct. 13. Mrs. B's. poetic?! talents are hardly excelled by thoee of any of the female poets of the lime, and we think this unimaginative judgment of ours will be assented to ultimately, by those who may itow think it of little worth. Mrs. B. we hope will not fall into that common error of poets, writing loo much. Toe's Raven for instance, is worth five thousand ordinary ballads, either as a measure of fame to the author, or of lasting gratification to the reader. However, one is not apt to write too much, wio writes as well as Mrs. Bolton generally d'e. Foreign travellers have remarked, that it is one of the distinguishing trails of Americans to chow great courtesy to women. This is esjiecially and generally evinced in travelling conveyances. There is an occasional exception however, and we heard of one on Thursday last. The roads are so bad, that they at present use mud waggons on the routes east and west. There are but two seats for passengers, and upon tbe front one they ride backwards. On the occasion spoken of, there were four passengers; one man, a reverend personage, and three ladies, one 15 years of age and feeble, yet this reverend gentleman, having been lucky enough to get the back scat, had the hearllessuesa to decline yielding it to the old lady. How he could sit comfortably vis-a-vis with the disobliged lady during the journey, is more than we can guess at. A hog, however, we presume, is not much troubled by sensitiveness when the gratification of his natural propensities is at stake. A New Wrinkle. By a notice published in this day's paper, it will be observed that a State Convention of Free Soil Men is called, to meet in this city in December next, for the purpose of providing for the establishment of a Newspaper Organ at the Capital, devoted to the new organization. There may be something more in this proposed movement than meets the public eye, and if there bo, time will of course develop tue matter. We think it proper now to say for the satisfaction of our reader, that we publish the notice at the request of a leading gentleman of the anti-slavery party, who in time past was a distinguished member of the whig parly. From this, we infer only, that those at the head of the nnne-

mcnt cannot confide in the belief that the democratic l-ergUcal tendencies on account of uingr a pen so el- . tt j, . .t r i- I i .. I egant as. that given him by Mr. Talbott. If they party will adhere to the line of policy marked out by i ? , r, . ., ,.c . . , . r . 7 : should, hereafter, discover any ttung in the "Senliuel the last Democratic State Convention, and that they j 8,Mirjnjrf,r such notions, attribute it M the pen, and still more strongly distrunt the whig parly under thej not to the 'Junior." Slale Jourmd. Jead of Tay for ism. (7-We are glad that our neighbor of the Journal fr-J Th PeninsuhFrTn7' i. the till ..f J W. us M Well, but we don't see why a golJ

rr paper just established tt Detroit. Michigan, by I Robert McBratney and James D. Liggett. It is large, well printed and ably edited sheet. C"Mr. Bentley of Wayne county, who is a can didate for principal Clerk of the House of Represen tatives, woulJ make an efficient officer we have 10 doubt. Besides other desirable qualification., he is a frinler, a yery good feature in this cas;.

JWfWtlft

J J CI . - X V

Published every Thursday. The Second Kcgliiietif. The Second Regiment has not had justice done them, fr the nible part they took in the battle of PllOni VlCt n W I lit AB kl .SA 1- at m.- : ..nn h.IUa ..... in th legislature, pledged themselves that Gen. Tay. lor would rorrccl his report. Gen. Taylor utterly reivlor utterly re-lu-es lo make any correction, ami Mir second rcgiment stands upon ihc records of the country branded as fugitives." Will our Legislature and Congress suffer this stigma to rest opon this regiment ! Will they not eeo that justice is done to it ! No men in th.it battle did better service than they, and it ia noihino but right that they should have justice incied nut to ihem. In the Florida war. Gen. Tavlor attempted to cast a stigma upon the Missouri Volunteer, but the Legislature of that State promptly took the matter np, and had justice done In her volunteers. Then let Indian do likewise. What eay the pres of Indiana ! Panli Eogle. The above suggestion have been favorably noticed by several papers. We had indu'ged the hone, that some of our members in the last Congress would have taken the subject in hand; that they would have called for a thorough investigation of the facts by a s;ecial committee, and made a demand for justice. We hope the next session will not pass over without some such action. It is due to the character of this State, as well as to that of her slandered citizens. It is desirable in order to exhibit the very ungenerous character of General Taylor in its true light. The world should be taught the lesson, that in this country, official station, (undeservedly conferred,) ball not be made a shield for the protection of injustice, prejudice and tyranny, especially when these bad passions are manifested by men who are so likely to escape responsibility as officers of the regular army undoubtedly ire. The Mails Again. We suppose the whigs of this day are ready to acknowledge with us, that never have the mails been in mich wretched confusion as at the present time. The principal whig papors, we admit, are loud in their complaints; and the heavy commercial interests affected through them, are beginning to fe-l the e fleets of the foolifh subntitution made by Old Taylor, r his Regency. It bears heavy on 11s ; but 011 the principle that "misery loves company," we Unl endeavor to make the best of it. that the old whig grumblers may ee the difference between Pcmocmtic and Whig rule. We deny successful contradiction that ever were our mails at this point in Mich a state as at present, either in or ,out of t!ie xi6t-office. Scarcely a mail arrives here in season, bein? late from six to twenty hours, and tili, when there is wo rx:ue. Then the mail themselves are mixed so as to bring papers from the cast by every mail that arrives from west, nrth or south. Mails from nil qwrl'r arrive by the ran from the sooth, thus making "confusion worse confounded. D.d our P. M. here report cases, lie would hare to employ a much l.-irger number and swifter clerks than tt present. As one solitary instance on Monday last, there was a very large load of mails by the car-, there having been but a few for two days previous. Notwithstanding a leisure day, (Sunday) in the Madison P. O., the Taylor concern of a P. M. forwarded all his Cincinnati package of letters to this city, whence they will have to be returned. Thus if our Whig merchants and Whig bank cashiers at Madison should not have replies by return mail, they can blame their pet for it; and if the same class in Cincinnati should be in a quandary, and protest some of their fiiends at Madison, why, just repay the costs, throw up your caps, and huzza for Old Zack and his guillotine crew. If this were a solitary case, even at the Madison Office, we would not even mention it in this connection; but we have had our river papers repeatedly returned, when legibly directed and sent via that route. But Madison is not a solitary case. We know not of a single officer put in by this administration who gives the public satisfaction that the old ones did. We hope the U. S. Senate will take good heed who they qualify in important offices. Of one thing at least, and we know what wc say, that body should require that the appointee can read and urite at least tolernbly. A JiOBLF.-HEARTED Wbeckf.k. The Salem (N. J.) Standard relates the following of Capt. Joseph Gaskill, a Jersey shoreman, of whom the Newark Daily Advertiser add", that ,4he has assisted on various occasions in rescuing six hundred persons and millions of property from ship.vreck. without having ever received one cent by way of remuneration :" 'Capt. G. is as uiias.mming as he is brave, and it is with the greatest difficulty he ran be induced to enter upon a recital of his adventures, which have been sufficiently numerous on our wild and desolate shore to till a most interetinf volume. "Li?t April a brig drove ashore near Great Egg Harbor. The nint was dark and the storm raged furiously. As usual the fishermen crossed the sound to the IxMcb, but their boats were atl to lu avy to be carried over, and it was impossible to puss thetn out the inlet. In the extremity of despair, and while the vessel was momentarily expected lo go to pieces, Cupt. (r. arrived with a diminutive gunning skiff", decked over, except a small space scarcely large enough to seat the rower. The skiff was ooa carried across the beach, launched into the surf, and Captain G., seizing the oars, started directly through the breakers for the brig. Every wave, of course, submerged the tiny craft, but, drenched and half frozen, he finally arrived alongside. The captain and crew were struck with astonishment at the temerity of ihe bold sailor, and, forgetting their own peril, hailed her, "SkiS" ahoy ! wheru are you bound !" Captain G. received one of the crew from the bowsprit, who sitting with his back to the stern, formed a breakwater, and by this means was safely landed. Notwithstanding the coldness of the weather Captain G. continued his trips until every man was saved; and sunrise found him struggling for a full hour, on his last trin, with the raptain and his dog. The en . ... tire rrw would undoubtedly have perished had it not been fr the intrepidity of Captain G. in venturing out in his mere ,egg-shell skiff'. No offer of money would have induced him to perform this noble act, but the knowledge that fellow creatures demanded his assistance a pealed to the heart, and commanded the aid of the generous sailor." Gold Pen. No one knows belter how to do the clever Illing thnn W. II. Talbott of thii city. For nstance, the "Junior" of the Sentinel and we" of the Journal hippened to meet at his Jewelry establishment a day or two ago. Of cource he could do no less tioiii to present each of us with a splendid gold pen, wh'n-h h did in the most graceful and appropri ate iimnner. Wc hope our Democratic friend may not suttee! the "Junior" of the Sentinel of any atisf"a "H,U n' wri,e d""7 1 well a. any thing cUe. Why should it not! There is nothing about democracy, as we see it, that khould prevent its history being written not only with a gold pen, but upon tablets of gold, if they were plenty enough. We ha v n't the leafct Anr therefore that the gold pen, for which the Journal so handsomely compliments Mr. Talbotl, in our behalf as weil a it own, will make ' us write aristocratically.

INDIANAPOLIS, St. Louis Kiiilroail Convention'. This Convention was truly a great gathering of the dtlrgales of ihe people of many of the States, asj well as masses of the people, the substance of the pre-, ceedinijs of which we gather from the St. Louis papers. The Convention was orjranizid temporarily on Monday, ihe lötli inst., at 12 o'clock, ' Judje Ellis of Tennefsee in the chair. A committee of one from each State represented, was appointed to report permanent officers of the Convention. A committee of three delegates from each State was appointed by the chair to draft resolutions for the action of the Convention, and a committee of one delegate from each State was appointed by the chair to memorialize Congress and prepare an address to the American people in favor of the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad. Tuesday was occupied by the able speech of Col. Benton, and in resolves and speeches, many delegates making short addresses upon the different questions before the Convention, and at night masses of delegates and peopic were addressed till a late hour. On Wednesday, at an early hour of the sitting, a resolution was introduced, providing that the road should be commenced beyond the Slates. Upon this resolution Mr. 0. II. Smith addressed the Convention at length, a condensation of which, from the St. Louis Republican, will be found below. At the close of Mr. Smith's speech, Jud;je Douglass, the President of the Convention, resigned, etating that the arguments and speech of the honorable gentleman from Indiana (Mr. O. II. Smith) were such as to render it necessary that he houM participate in the discussion." Judge Douglass then addressed the Convention. The committee on resolutions reported a string of resolutions, on the plan of the resolution above alluded to, which were read, and upon which R. W. Thompson of Indiana, moved to strike them out from the word resolved, and insert the following, which, after an eloquent speech from the mover, was unanimously adopted: Jlesnlrrd, Tint in the opinion of this Convention it is the duty of the General Government to provide, at an early iriod, for the construction of a Central National Railroad from the valley of the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean. ß'WwJ, That in the opinion of this Convention a grand trm k railroad to St. Louis, Memphis and Chicago would be such a centra and national one. Resolved, That a committee (of fifiy) be appointed to communicate to the Convention to be held at Memphis, the forcTointj resolutions, and to request the concurrence of said Convention therein. A resolution was also adopted in favor of a great National Telegraph Line from tho Atlantic to the Tacific, and the Convention adjourned to meet in a great National Convention at Philadelphia, on the first Monday in April next. The Convention adjourned 01 Thurday at 12 o'clock. The memorial and address to the American people will bo forthcoming at an early day. From the St. Louis Republican. Mr. O. II. Smith's Speech. Substance of the Remarks of the Hon. Mr. Smith, delivered before the National Railroad Convention, at its session of Wednesday last. Hon. OLtvca H. Smith, of Indiana, "MrcMed the Convention at length upon the resolution detUiing that the road fhould terminate outside of the States. We cannot give the entire ipeech. a it has not ben prepared at length, nor da we pretend to do justice to ihe speaker. We are happy, however, 10 give the ubUnce of his lemaiki. Mr. Smith remaiked. npon that he had not intend ed, until this morning, tu address the Convention. He had hoped that it would not be uerensary for him to do to. He was, however, compelled to abandon biioiiginal intention, and would now claim the indulgence of the Convention, while be cave his views upon this gieat national enterprise. Mr. S. aaid the lesulu'iun (which he read,) brought op for discuacion the whole merit f the question involved in the objects of the Convention. He said he objected to that part of the revolution which confined the road to the country beyond the States " This, he said, was, in hi view, vital to ihe work, and he warned the Convention; that if uch a resolution should be paed by Ihe Convention, it were better that ibi Convention had never been called, as such a resolution yielded the question; that the General Government hal not the constitutional power to construct or maintain this great nations work through the frontirr States. This was a doeiiine to which ha could never give his assent a principle which, if maintained by the Convention and Congies, mut put an tnd to all pro pre I of the construction and maintainaiice of a Pacific and Atlantic Rilroad, until the constitution wa amended, as he shoold. in the course of hi remaiks, attempt to piove. He assumed the position, that no one in his senses wou'd, for a moment, maintain thai the Government would undertake to make more than one Railway aero ihe Rocky Mountains. It was a great, a magnificent enterpiie. worthy of this progressive age, and of the enerjrv and high character of this great nation. Bat tbe very grr atnes of the enterprise gave the trongest assurance of its arcomplishtneiil. The American people love herculean labors, and Ihey are ever found equal to whatever is required of Ihem, if properly directed. Bat Railroads were not to be m'!o by meie resolves. He was a practical man, aid he looked to practical action. He eame to St. Louis to attend Ihe Conveniion, for the purpose cf giving whatever aid he could, to proceedings which might result ia the construction of this gieat work, and he felt bound to oppose all action of the Convention not directed to that mot desiiable- result, or calculated to defeat it. He said that there was a gieat difference between Railroads constructed on pai-er, and tho constructed upon a proper sub liatum a grade, wirb Ihe materials upon which cars Alight tun. The one was easy of construction, and might be brought into ex istence by ihe mere imagination of the draftsman, in beautiful language and high sounding terras. But such roads were usles for practical purposes. Railroads could not be built in the air. They had to be constructed on the earth, and none but piadical mea were to be trusted in their location or constiuclinn. Science was necessary, but plaiu, practical sense essential to satisfactory results. He said it because he was the fast, end ardent frieod of this great enterprise, that he opposed the reolutiou lo stop the work at the western boiindaiies if the States. He argued the question of the practicability of the provision, as well as its constitutionality, at much length. Among- bis position be said that the proposed commencement on the Paciüe he did not specially object to, except that it would prove to be immensely costly in its construction, at the enormous pi ice of l abor and mateiials there. He objected to tbe point at the boundaries of the States, a tbe commencement of the eastern end of the line. Ha showed the folly cf attempting to commence a road 350 miles in the wilderness, with no connecting link between that point and tbe Mississippi. He said it was not reasonable to suppose that the State of Missouri, or tbe Slate of Arkansas, could raie ten or twelve milli-n of dollars to eonsfroct the road from the Mississippi through these States, to tbe western boundary of their respective Mates and it was equally idle to expect capitalists of other States to furnish the money to build Ihe toad, and wait for returns until the Government should build the road, two thousand mile lo the Pacific, as the load never would py a doiJeud on the cosis of construction until the whole connection was made, end ihe line was complete to the Pacific. He said all experience showed that Railroad should be eonrtiucted in continuous lines, sj that the iron and materials might be carried forwaid by the motive power of tbe mad. He maintained that the airri of the Government in making the work, should not be paralyzed in requiring the commencement to be at a wholly impracticable point, and be trusted that the Convention would not so ditect. Mr. S theo look up the Constitutional question. He bad no doubt of the constitutional power of the Government to construct this great national work, and if thete were such doubts as should interrupt the wotk, they should be immedi ately lemoved by an amendment of the Constitution. He believed hat the Constitution wa Iiviog in its principles, that it gve ample power, ander eithei the war, post office, or commeicial power, to make the road from ocean to oceanHe illusttaied these Lositions and maintained them at length i but be said (turning lo the President) the Telegraph is not the only discoveir of modern times. New doctrines have been di-coveid since the d.ys of Washington, letfer son, Madison, Monroe, Adams and Jackson, depriving the American people of tbe constitutional power of protecting themselves, or of improving their internal condition, howev er national while they gave ample powers tj invtde other coutitue, and to eslablwh governments there, lie said ne atked one of this school of gentlemen how tbis wai. ana was answeied that we had ne power in this country because tee uert under the Constitution here, but when we were beyond the United States we were sailing under the law of nations. Mr. S. subscribed lo no such doctiiues, and yet these were Ihe doctrines contained in the resolution before the Convention. lie slid, f r the purpose of Ihe aigument, be would suppose that the piinciple was yielded, arid that it wa conceded that the road w la commence beyond the States f di l not gentlemen see that they only increased Ihe difficulty. Did they nm know that before the Mad could be located, the arm of Ihe General Government would be struck powerless ly ihe aritnitsi u of California into the Union t A Coostitatiou for that coontiy would be presented at the uext

NOVEMBER 1, 1849.

session nf Congress. So with other leriitorie on this sHe of the mountains. New Sutes would be male, and then the constitutional questiou would at once strike down the power of the Government, wi.hiu their boundaries. But suppe thai the whole toad could te made before ay new Stale thou d be admitted, would th it change the queti n f Did it not require jut as lii;'i an ex-icie of consiituti mal oo er to maiuiain a road, piotect i, and kee up auJ collect a tariff Ufxoi it. as il did I const! art it Mt ceiiaioly it did If, iherefoie, the Government had not anp'e poweis to make and keep up an.l protect the road now, th ough the Stales, it would have no such power, although ihe woik was commenced and completed befre the le ritoiy became a State. Il might be said that Congress row Id impose terms on tbe new State heieafter to be admitted, so as to lequiie the power lo be conceded. He piesumed that Cong e-s had no such right. If the State applying for admission presented a n publican constitution, he presumed it w - uld hardly be contended tVit the State could be requiicd to embisly any provisions at the instai ce rf Congies. c-mraiy to the proviijn of the c institution as presented, unless such provision, were requisite to bring the State within its phete of position upon the great and exciting laveiy qsesti-n, which be did not design to touch in this debate ; but it Contes had the right, it coul I iioi confer Hie ower in lhat wav. tie re-.fS.meJ the position, that Congress had ami. If power to make the rosd. and if it had not, the p iwei should he expiessly conferted before a step was taken in the cooti uction of the work, for it was woise than madness lo bog.o a great na'ional wotk and expend million upon it, when i could not be completed, mainlaiaed, and piotrcted. after it was made, only so long as the Territories might temain in a stale of vassalage lu rbe States. And if this Convention was piepaied to maintain j lhat position, it hid but one duty to peifo.m. and that was '. tu memorialize Congress to sub-nit an amend ment In the I Slates, to the Constitution, eapiesy giving r he power, adjourn, and go heme and wail till Ihe amendment -hall be made. He repudiated II such doctiines, and trusted that the Convention would sustain hi position. Mr S. then presented his views at length upn the lines and construction of the work, pointing to the map and directing the attention to them. He said it was impossible for the delegates lo keep from their mind the interest of Ihe people they repiesent, and be did nut desire to do so. He said be wished distinctly to say, that his views of the lines of construction of the. road weie, to run one line from St Louis op the Missouri to the mouth of the Kansas, to intersert the line there wih a Southern line from Memphis, and a Northern line from Chicago; that these lines would accommodate tbe North, Ihe South, and the Centre of the Union, an! should unite all inteiests t that Slate and Company branches would be made to them, rf course, from all the Atlantic cities. He spoke of the Whitney route; wa opposed to it as impracticable, comroeoced in private interestsand he feared won'd end in private speculation, without benefitting many Such a woik must be National 1 it h-uld never be confined to individual's. But hi main objection lo it was, that it wa so far Noith lhat tbe South and the Centie could not u ite with it. He said the same objection would lie as to the position of the Southern route t the Noithern and the Centre could not unite with that. But the object 1 01 did not lie against the rential or St. Loui loute, a the connection with that mu'e conlj be made at Ihe p int be had named, conveniently, by the North and the South t and he hoped and believed that his views would ultimately find favor with the Convention and the American people. He had so written to the committee of the Mrmphis Convention t he said that the central line, striking the Mississippi at SL Louis, was the line for central Illinos, Indiana. Ohio, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia in a wotd, for the heart of the great Eastern States, and of Ihe great commercial cities s.f H tn. New York, Philadelphia and Baltinorei and lines of railway were fit stretching westwaidly towatds I he "Mississippi, al lhat point. He spoke of the great eneigy of Pennsylvania, Ohio and Indiana in the consttueti n of their railways spoke of the different lines that would ultimately unite at St. Louis. He said he had no special partiality for St. Louis, beyond ber commercial position and the hospitality of her citizen ; he had never been in the city before knew scarcely an individual in the city, except Col. Benton and Mr. Bates, with whom he h id been associated at another pi ice. He only spoke of St. Loui as A poiot on the gieat K.ther of Wateis, at which he desired to see one line of the Pacific Railway commence j and that not on account of St. Loui alone, but because it was the point for the whole central Kat to intersect the great road ia cnniempUiion, by the cheapest and mnsi direct lines of railway in the world passing over the beautiful and fertile plains of Illinois, especially adapted to railroads ry their even suiface. He lead a table of distances from St. Loui. showing Ihn time of run, at twenty miles to I be hour; showing that tbe time to San Francisco would be five days; the mouth of the Columbia, six days; to New York, by the central Indiana route, 45 hours; to Boston, 50 hour t to Baltimore, through Indianapolis, Richmond, Columbus and Wheeling, 42 houie; to Philadelphia, by Indianapolis, Bellefontaine, Mansfield and Pittsburgh, 42 hours; to Cleveland, through Indianapolis, 23 hours; to Cincinnati, by Vincennes, 17 hours 1 by Indianapolis, IS hours; tu Pittsburgh, by Indianapolis and Bellefontaine, 30 hours; to Sandusky, by Indianapolis, 24 hours ; to Indianapolis, 12 hours. He spoke of Pittsburgh as 'he city of the Alleghanies, and the Birmingham of America ; of Dayton and it enterprise ; be spoke of Ihe rapid progress of the lailroad lines East, and the large amount of capital invested, and the profit of the investment ; he estimated the Pacific Railroad, with a dooble track, at $30,000 a mile, and the time lo construct it at ten years. Mr. S. then indulged in general remaiks on the importance of the road, and its practicability; spoke highly of the speech of Col. Benton, and suid be concurred inaiuly in bis views. He alluded to the objections that had been urged against the Convention fixing the line 1 it bis been said that Congress alone wa competent to discharge that duty. Turning to the President. Judge Douglas, he remarked that Congiemen were but men, and the mere circumstance lhat a man was elected to Congress, made neither a wiser nor greater man of him. If he was wise at home, he would be so there ; but if good for nothing here al home, he would be just the same in Congress. And as ti the time of fixing the line, hi experience in Railroad matter had been that Hie so ner the lines vrere laid down and established Ihe better, a the country would then adapt itself by lateral toads to the main lines Mr. S sp 'ke of hi trip thmugh the old seat of government of Illinois had heard that the country wa only calculated lo produce sand hill crane and small beer politicians, but had found il a beautiful and productive region, only needing cultivation to make it one of the finest sections of the Wist. He alluded to the old Capitol, with it broken windows, as illustrative of a State policy, that pievent the imprnement of ihe country by refusing the right of way to construct Railway, unless they go to point lhat no one desiies, and In construct which capital could nor be obtained. He closed by some patriotic al'u-im to the construction of the wink and the perpetuity of the Union. The speech was listened to with intense inteie-t, only interrupted by applause Immediately after Mr. S. resumed his seat. Judge () oiglass, Ihe P esident of 'he Convention, resigned the PiesiaVncy of the Convn,ion, with Ihe avowed object of replying to the speech of Mr. S., which lie piocecded to do. Ft the State Sentinel. Messe. Em-roast Having seen by your watchful Sentisel" lhat many a good man and tiue. have become candidate for he various nttlce iu the gift of the Legislature ; and ate willing to bleed and die in the service of the S'ate, I cannot allow the piesent opportunity to pass without paying a high comptimeut to these worthy gentlemen, for their true patriotism and love of (office I had almost said) countiy. That they are ail ornaments to Ihe State, there cannot be a doubt, but for myself, I would prefer seeing a little more modesty in many of the gentlemen in urging their names and services before ihe representatives of the people. Your notice of our young friend Mr. Morton, from Wayne county, many ate at a loss to undeisUnd whether it is censure or praise. To laud a man too highly, and place virtue and metits to his credit, of vhich he has no pretensions, have been looked on a the height of iiony and ridicule. Yet tbe name of several of the candidates are a sufficient guaiantee that r7iy, if elected, will dignify th office, instead of tarnishing i'S honor; and amng these I beg to present a new name from our While Water Valley for Ihe office of Agent of State, vixt that of William Dailey. Esq.. of Fayette ccunty. At present I do not intend eu logging the character of Mr. Dailey, nor do I harbor a thought injurious lo that of his worthy competitor.; but certainly, something more than the mete glitter of talents i nece-s.iy for the candidate for State Auditor, Treaurei, Agent, tic. &c, to possess. Give us men of age, expeiience, business habits men who know men, the world, and who have a character foi integrity and management in Ihe conducting of their own affaiis of life, and ihu the repiescntatives on escily make a choice. As for yourselves, j . 0, as Slate printers, have been before the people, have conducted honorably and successfully, the democratic paper of ihe State have beeo the unfliaching advocate of the tiue piinciple of democracy, and con do again what ynu have once done ; hence had I a voice in the hall of legislation. I might vote for yourselves for Printer of State wi'tioui at all infringing the lulc laid down. But I must repeat lhat I da Dot like tu see this press tar office, this thiiiting after Ihe spoils, as they are termed. Let the young men bide their time, and give to tbe heads of age and experience the task of managing the a (fair of our Stare government; and iben.yoiith will profit by their example, and in turn become the failieis ol our coinmouweslin ana tne safely of her institutions. October 23, 1849. WHITEWATER. Or-We think our friend is rather severe upon us, for our brief notice of Mr. Morion. We have to Bay simply, lhat, though not personally acquainted with bim, ho was highly spoken of to us by thoee who do know him personally, nnd whoso character, as pentlemen and democrats, is a sufficient guaranty for the correctness of their opinions. We regret that any expression of ours should give offence to our friends; but of course we alone are responsible for any such error. We have tried to avoid every thing that would provoke jealousy or unfair rivalry among candidates, and hall persevere in this course.' We hope th friends of the different candidate will bo influenced by a similar spirit.

lii $ tin Iff iitf f

Volume IX:::::::::NnmLer 21. rOUF.ICN ITEMS. The Paris J-mrntt des Ue'tits, says: We are cld to lenm that England nnd France are mo-t cordially united in their determination, to Mipport their ambassadors in ihe advice given by them to ihe Porte, respecting the exiradilionofthe Hungarian refugees, and a note ha hsH-n drawn up by tneie two powers. f a m-st energetic character, which it is thought, will havr considerable weight with the Empr-rorst of Russia and Austria. The firm lanwuifje of the Lot) Jon papers with reference t this question, is i.oticed with great satisfaction by the df Debits. The Irish journal are filled with accounts of most sanguinary conflicts botwen the tenantry and the landlords for the pospsion of the corn; and ;he lnp; cherislud fueling of hatred betwee;i the occupier of the soil ad the owner, has now broken out with a degree of violence which threatens very serious results. Already numerous lives have bten lost. In th Kilrus'r Union a sentence of eviction has parsed np;aint no less than 1800 souls from Ihpir liomps and their holdings. In such on unpromising state of things, it is not to be wondered that emigration is proceeding with a fresh impulse. It is believed that the winter emigration from the South will be greater thnn the last. The Paris corresjondent of the London Chronicle says ni importance is attached to the difficulty between M. P'Miisin nnd President Taylor." Poussin being a Republican, he had been or was to be recalled. A communication from the Lords of Admiral'y, under date of October 4, states hopes are entertained that the news brought by Capt. Parker, of the True Love, arrived at Hull from Davis Straits, of Sir Jojm Franklin' ship having hr?en seen by the natives as late as March last, beset by ihe ice in Prince Regent's Inlet, is not without foundation. From the Fame source reports have been received that Sir John Ross's ships nre in the South of Prinre Regent's Inlet, and that the vessels of both expeditions are safe. This hope is somewhat strengthened by the telegraphic mesaee to th-. Admiralty, since received, of the Mayor of Hull, where the True Love arrived last March. Increase of TnE Salary of Napoleon. Mr. Kendall, in his letter from Paris, dated the (Hh ult., ays he hears a report, from tolerable good anthority, to the effect that when the National Assembly next meets, a bill will brought in granting to Lnnis Napoleon 3.000,000 frances per annum. His salary at first was 600,000 francs a year, a sum which was doubled before he was four months in power. According to the present rumor, his cousins and more particular friends have canvassed the Assembly well, end rhey find that there will be a majority of some seventy or eighty willino; to vote for this extra allowance to the President, notwithstanding the financial difficulties in which the country finds itself. Iiis fr ends say that he is already 300,000 francs in debt, and for expenses incurred since he came into power. The cixdera has dwindled to almost nothing. The latest fashionable medicine for it is colchiurn, while as to the cause of the pesti'.ence.due notice is taken of the theory of animacular miasmata too minute to be discovered by the naked eye, and, possibly, eren by the bet.t micro-cpic aids. The most eminent German chemists favor the theory. Your medical faculty will not overlook what is called the discovery of Dr. BritIan, in London. We may still say. I fear, that the potato rot and the cholera nre the riddles of the nsre, the hardest of the sphinx of nature. Paris, 27th Sept., 1849. The Loudon Morning Chronicle, of the 13th inst., contains a remarkable and able communication from a Dr. Wtnslow, entitled The Cholera Psychologically Considered. The author investigates and details the effects of alam or terror on the hnman frame. He argues, that Cholera is often tbe result, ofmere mental causes, and that moral remedies should be advised and tried. One of these is, national prayer and humilation, at stated periods. From 1841 to 1817, the French Legislature appropriated to extraordinary public works, upwards of a thousand millions of franco; from 1831 to 1840, more than half that sum; from 1831 to 1S47 about nine hundred millions were expended. France has, now executed, or about to be opened, 4,124 Kilometres of Railroad; the kilometre is a fourth of the old league; about 4,623 of the same measure, of canals, and C73 more in a course of execu: ion. The national classed and well made roads, are nearly 35.000: she has 103 large bridges: 57 great and 104 minor light-houses on her consts. ' The Spanish Government is believed to be again negotiating with the Count de Monlemolin to obtain a renunciation of his claims to the throne of Spain. One letter from the Roman States, detailing the conduct of the Spanish troops at present in the territory of hid holiness, recalls the stories of Brutus and of Virginius. Some of the soldiers attempted to carry off a J oiinjy womnn, nnd her huefmnd, unable to save her, killed her. The peasants attempted to avenge her loss, but were worsted in the conflict. Three of them, it is said, were seized and shot on the pot. " . ' Anpiiiieiit Against Early aiarriages. A writer in the National InteUigmcer notices a corrin-ttnicatioo from the Richmond Republican, signed "V. W. Y." in which early marriages were advocated, and presents "the other side of the picture," as fidlow : Says W. W. Y., 'All know or ahould know, the opinion of the good and wise Franklin upon th s subject, who was a warm advocate in its favor.' Perhaps Franklin was Philosophically right in his opinion, but facts go to prove that he was practically von. For instance, gentlemen 'all know, or should know,' that the children of very young parents are generally deficient in strength of lirdy and mind and commonly die young. 'All know or. fhould know, that Franklin was the fifteenth child of his father, and the eight of his mother; and more still, he was the youngest child for Jive successive generations on hia mother's side, from whom, more than his father, he inherited his eminent talents. Pitt, Fox, and Burke, were each the youngest child of their respectivo families. Daniel Webster is the youngest by a second marriage; so also was Lord Bacon, whose father was fifty, and his mother thirty-two years of age at his birth. Judge Story's mother was forty-four at hia birth ; Benjamin West was the tenth child of his -parents ; and Dr. Doddridge was the twentieth, child by one father and mother. It is a proverb that the youngest children are the smartest. And" why! evidently because the pareuts are mature in mind and body, and consequently transmit a higher order of mentality to their offspring. Does the intelligent farmer expect a healthy and luxuriant crop when he seeds with dwarfieh green com or unripe potatoes! And why not bring in requisition as much science and common sense to propagate 'the human form divine as 'potatof- and cabbagel' Grant that early marriages would obvinte 'much of the vice and wickedness which is r.ow almost unavoidable,' ia not the remedy worse than the disease if it bo the means of bringing into existence a race of puny, ill-formed children, a majority of whom die before they arrive at maturity! But the evil does not end here. Those who do live transmit their iiiufhrootn constitution to their offspring, and thus most effectually are the iniquities of the fathers visited upon their children." OrTnere ii another thing quite as important as age, in determining the above question : and that is, a sound constitution and general good health or freedom from disease. In our opinion much more depends upon autind mental and bodily health than upon age, and we think that every one's personal experience and observation will confirm this. It is not age alone lhat "ripens" either animals or vegetables physically; and we believe that, as a general rule, it is not the most healthy of either that yields the most fruit, though quality may make up on the one hand what it loses on the olher. We don't dare to talk very plainly on this subject, for fear our good neighbor of the Journal may mount us.

The Remainder or the Fatliies - ff TD Slop AT HV. Take a linen sheet, The bigger 'ti, the better. Wrap yourself up well. And plunge into the vt,ier. Any water M do, Croion, eea, cr cistern ; Each should make a choice Of what best suits his turo. When you're fairly soaked, If you don't feel better, Take a gen'mus shower bath, And get a little wetter. Touch no wine or gin, Ilm gallon of col. I water ; ' You'll be better soon. If you aint, you or't to. STEAMOPATHV Take a piln of roeks, Or bricks if nothing better, Ileatthein hissing hol. And youisell with pepper. Put them in a banin, Underneath a chair, Wrap a blanket round you Tu exclude the air. -Pour soma water on them. And 'Composition' down Your throat, to start the canker, And do disease up brown. Of 'lobelia' take a notion, Wind up with ro. G, A 'crisis' follows motion, And you're shortly in 'a fix.' QCACKOr ATHT. " Take .f Brannreth'a Pill A twenty-five cent box ; And of Townsend's Sarsaparilla Enough to kill an ox. Before you g to ben" Cat a quart of Sulmagundi, And on the top of this A dose of alicomfundy. Every night and mornir.g, Drink a pint of brandy, Sweeten, it you please, With a atick of Cough Cure Candy. Add to the above, A pail ofQuarknip tea, Then il you aie not deail Yuu surely ought to be.

Correspondence cf the Journal of Commerce. Washington, Oct. 17. The mystery is solved, and there is no longer any room for evasive denials, obscure hints, and apologetic explanations, as to the course of this administration on the Nicaragua or rather the Mosquito question.. It is distinctly enough avowed by Mr. Clayton, through the Intelligencer, to-day, that instructions were given to Mr. Squier, in conformity with his late address lo Ihe Director of Nicaragua, and that he was inptructed to represent that this Government would risNt the ncquisition of any territory on this continent by any foreign power. Il appears from various sources, of adequate authenticy,that the United States Government proposed its intervention to that of Great Britain, in behalf of the claims of Nicaragua, and lhat Lord Palmerston had replied, in subtance, that no intervention would be of avail, the Government of Great Britain having come to a definite resolution on the subject of her pretensions and that Nicaragua would not be allowed lo set foot In Grey-town. An issue has therefore been made between the two Governments, and we shall see which will back out. There is not in England a more ultra stickler for British rights than Lord Palmerston, and very warlike propensities have been attributed to him. Senator Rives, now Minister to France, declared, in a speech in the Senate, that we would have had a war with Great Britain on ihe North-Enstern boundary question, hail not the ministry been changed for Lord Palmerston was bent upon a war with this country. As to Mr. Clayton's course of policy on this sub ject, it is now necessary to inquire how he is to sus tain and enforce it ! Merely to issue a declaration, is not of much account. It is brutum fulmen. Will" the Cabinet not recommend a declaration of war! Something must be done to oust Great Britain from her prond occupancy of the Mosquito country, or the portions of it claimed by Nicaragua. A mere manifesto will be ridiculous. Mr. Squier intimates that force will be resorted to by this country. The only way will be, to get up a row in Greytown and then send a message to Congress declaring that "American blood had been shed on American soil," and ask Congress for a hundred thousand men and fifty millions of dollars. Congress will not, as we know from past experience, dare to refuse it. The people are always ready to prosecute a war, though they may, as soon as it is over, repudiate and punish its authors. Railroad Across the Isthmus unter Contract. We are happy to learn that the Panama Railroad Company have put under contract that portion of their Railroad across the Isthmus which lies between the Ctiagrcs river and the bay of Panama, about 21 miles, the whole distance from Panama to Limon Biy being 40 miles. The contractors are Messrs. Tottea and Traut wine, whose proposals were the most favorable, and who possess the great recommendation of having been emyloyed for the last four or five years in the territories of New Grenada, in constructing a canal ninety miles long, to connect two branches of the Magdalene river. They have accomplished this work entirely with native labor, and though at first encountering great difficulty, they have succeeded in training the natives into expert workmen, and will be able to carry over with them a large force. Thoroughly acclimated, and with a perfect knowledge of the character and habits of the people, tliey will begin the Railroad with the advantage of all the experience acquired in constructing the Canal. Their bid was the lowot received, which is good evidence that Ihe difficulties are not so great ts have bt-.nn supposed by those less acquainted with the character and resources of the country. They expect to break ground about the 1st of December ensuing. N. Y. Journal of Commerce. Naval. The Pacific Squadrox. The following vessels, belonging to the Par.ific squadron, were at anchor in San Francisco bay when the steamer Panama sailed, September 1, 1849: Ship of-the-Iine Ohio flag-ship of Commodore Jones. Frigate Savannah, Capt. Voorhees. Sl.w:p-of-war Warren, Capt. A. K. Long. Store-ship Fredonia, Lieut. Com. Neville. Store-ship Southampton, Lieut. Com. E. L. Handy. Steamer Massachusetts, on coast survey, Lieut. Com. Knox. The frigate Savannah arrived at San Francisco on the 27th Augu6t. The Ohio and Southampton were to return home at an early day probably by the 1st of Ociober. The eloop-of-war St. Mary's, Captain Johnson, was on a cruie to the ports of Peru and Chili ; expected at San Francisco iu October. The slonp-of-war Preble, Captain Glynn, was at Honolulu in July last; to sail thence for tbe United States as soon as her stores arrived, which had been sent from San Francisco. The cutter Ewing, Lieut. Com. Barllett, sailed from San Francisco for Bodega on tbe 23d Aug. The steamer Edith, Lieut. Com. McCormick, also sailed about that time from San Francisco for San Diego and Monterey. Pok's Writings. Mr. Red field, the publisher, will put lo press immediately the complete works of the late Edgur Allen Toe, with a memoir of bis Iire by James Russell Lowell, and remarks on his genius and character by N. P. Willis and hufua W. Griswold, in two volumes, octavo, with Port rails after Durand and Osgood. We have already given in the Tribune our impressions of the abilities of Air. Poe, as they are illustrated in his works, which will undoubtedly meet with a very large sale. It was among the last requests of Mr. Poe that. Dr. Griswold fchould be his Editor, and he has consented to arrange his MSS., &.c , for the press, for the benefit of bis family. A". 1'. Tribune, 11th. We learn from the Philadelphia Ledger that Cl.as. F, Hoffman is now confined in the Baltimore Hospital, laboring under a malady which destroys so many of our distinguished men of genius. The New York Globe says the clods of the valley are yet fresh over the remains of poor Edgar A. Poe, and now hia compatriot in genius, Hoffman, is following hira so closely, a miserable, unfortunate, pitiful, raving, desperate maniac !