Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 7, Number 38, Indianapolis, Marion County, 9 March 1848 — Page 1

UIPOKTAXT III Oil MEXICO. Tlie following detailed accounts of the expedition to Tehuacan, and of the narrow escape of Gen. Santa Anna, which have hitherto been shadowed forth in a Bomewliat condensed form, will be found of the greatest interest at the present time. No events that have transpired since the accounts reached us of the noble exploits achieved in the basin of Mexico have, we think, been recorded with bo graphic a force and vigorous a pen. Union. From the New Orleans Picayune, Feb. 15. Mexico.

EzpeJiltm against Tehuacan. Xarrow escape of Santa Ann. Occupation of Orizaba ly American troops. Establishment of an American govern' ment in Orizaba. Description of the country. By the steamship New Orleans, which arrived on Saturday last, we received from .Mexico a voluminous correspondence and full files of papers. Havinj already communicated the great event reported by this arrival the negotiation of the term9 of an agreement by which an end is to be put to the war we now proceed to bring up the details of other in T ell i -pence received by the same conveyance. It will be found to be of the highest interest. Since the battles of the valley of Mexico, we have had nothing more graphic than the following long letter of our special correspondent, giving an account of a secret expedition against Tehuacan and Orizaba. It is due to our correspondent, whose letters for several weeks often reach us in a single package, to say, that a letter below, written just before he started off with Gen. Lane's expedition, was despatched before the treaty, or pnyet vf a treaty, was signed. His speculations as to the ability of the Mexican government to enforce any treaty will possess their proper weight, even now. With these prefatory remarks, we leave our correspondent to speak for himself", adding to his letter such other items from the papers as we find of interest. Special Correspondence of the JV. O. Picayune. Though the following letter of our correspondent is not of the latest date, his speculations we deem well worthy of attention : Crrr of Mexico, January 17, 1943. I perceive by the papers which have been received here, that the policy to be pursued in the further prosecution of the war, or in the demands to be made of the enemy in case of negotiation, have become the leading topic before Congress and throughout the country. Some of the leading statesmen have frankly avowed their views, and others, it is said, were about "to define their positions." Without doubt, a crisis in the war has arrived, when it is necessary to to determine upon the occupation of the country, or to draw an indemnifying line ; for if the war is prosecuted with the view of obtaining a peace from the shadow of a government at Queretaro, or from a government whiwh may be assembled under the auspices of American arms, the army must remain in the country to secure the fulfilment of the treaty, which would involve U3 in all the expenses of occupation without its benefits, and would, by the high taxes, and burdensome exactions, which alone can force a peace, exasperate a people whose character for vindictivenees is notorious, and create an animosity between the two races, which must, if occupation is forced upon us and to my mind it appears clear, the perversity of the Mexican leaders, political and military, will force that policy upon us make Mexico to us what Ireland is to England perpetually alien in language, in religion, in manners and customs, and m feeling. It is clear that the absence of a fixed and taugible object in the prosecution of the war, and the hope inspired by each successive victory of a speedy peace, has despoiled us of the legitimate fruits of those victories. After the battles of Palo .Alto and Itesaca de la Palma, Ampudia should never have been allowed to gather his army for the defence of Monterey, nor Santa Anna to assemble his grand army at San Luis Potosi, but the onward movement should have been so rapid and decisive, that the capital would be in our hands in three months from the opening of the war. The eame hope of coaxing a peace has proved equally vain during the operations on this line, and still there is no sign that experience has taught wisdom. After the splendid victories obtained ia this valley, the army has been four months here without making a movement upon the remaining strongholds of the enemyand he has had ample time to forget his defeats ; and if we are to credit his proclamations, he is again about to prepare for organized resistance. Intelligence has been received here, that in San Luis Potosi, in Zacatecas, in Guadalajara, and in Guanajuato, the legislatures and the people have declared in favor of continuing the war and an opposition to peace. They declare that, in the absence of a government of national organization, they will band themselves together in eupport of these principle? ; will appoint two persons from each State, whose duty it shall be to elect an executive and appoint a chief for the army; and will do all in their power to raise their supplies. It is true that Mexican action has generally been shortcoming of their valorous declarations ; but it is equally true that we have too often relied upon these shortcomings. This prouunciamento is said to have been effected Ly a union of the Puros and Santa Annaists, with the ohject, it is conjectured, of embarrassing, if not destroying, the government at Queretaro, which is strongly suspected of being favorable to peace upon almost any conditions. In connexion with these belligerent demonstrations on the part of the States 1 have mentioned, liustamente, now at the head of the army, bellying himself in Fad disproportion to his bellipotency, has, in an address tv his coun'rymen, expressed himself ardently desirous of being placed in a position that will enable him to drive the invaders from the country, and recover the military fame which his whilom successful rival, Santa Anna, has, ho says, by his treachery and cowardice, lost to the republic. Almost simultaneously with this document, the address or message of Tena y Pena upon whom, as Chief Justice, the duties of President, until Congress elects one, devolves appears. He calmly and candidly exposes the eviis the country is suffering from the war, and evidently has no hope of success from its further prosecution. Yet he does not commit himself for peace. But even if he is in favor of it, lie is too feeble a man in j.opularity. And the probability is now that a quorum of the Congress he addresses will never assemble ; so that, could a peace be made with him, it would not, as I have already urged, be firm or lasting. It is, perhaps, a weakness inseparable from our form of government, that an invasive war cannot be prosecuted with that energy and decision of purpose which mirk the military operations of a monarchy or despotism ; still, it is certain the system of reinforcing the army in driblets a system which together with the great numerical inferiority of our armies compared with those of the enemy, has constantly led him to hope for ultimate success can and should be avoided. Here there is not a sufficient force now fit for duty, and sufficiently disciplined, which can be spared to send on any enterprise of moment, although it is four months since the city was captured. This will appear strange, perhaps, to some, who set down that under the commands of Generals Butler, Patterson, and Lane, about six or seven thousand men have arrived; but it must be considered that above half of this number are in hospital, and that the remainder, being new levies and volunteers, have not yet arrived at the necessary state of discipline. Meantime, the moral effect of the victories before the capital is being wasted ; the enemy, if he is so disposed, is being allowed time to organize new armies; and, it must be confessed, his disposition to do so is strengthened much by the sentiments expressed by some of our most prominent statesmen wh aspire to the presidency. If it is determined that the chief cities of Mexico shall all be taken, leaving out of view the possib.Iity of resistance by a part of the whole yet possessed by the enemy, it is estimated by intelligent military men that the additional force of regulars and volunteers the former of which the Secretary of War recommend Bliall be ratted, and the latter uf which he su p-ts the President shall be empowered to call out, but with the prospect barely possible of their being needed will lg insufficient tu garrison thnee cities and keep open communication. The administration, in thus acting, is doubtless prompted by a spirit of economy; but the system, as his already been proved, is one that, in the end, is far more costly than sending into the country at once a force capable of f. illowing up successes with vigor, and of meeting ail emergencies. V. fc. Puebla. January 21, 14?. I wrote on the 17th instant from Mexico, and in formed yon that I intended tu accompany a teeret expedition under the commad of General Line, which, at Ute time, wa supposed to be intended to scour the

Published every Thursday. valley of Mexico in quest of guerillas ; and after giving it a thorough search, to march in the direction of Santa Anna's residence for the time being. The expedition, consisting of two companies of the 3d dragoons, under the command of Capt. Duperu and Lieuts. Adde and Martin; a company of mounted rifles, commanded by Lieut. Claiborne: and four companies of Texas rangers, commanded by Captains Roberts and Daggitt and Lieutenants Tucker and Evans numbering in all about 330 officers and men left Mexico on the mornin? of ihe ISth, taking the Pinon, or Vera Cruz road; Major Polk in chief'command of the dragoons and rifles, and Col. Hays in chief command of the rangers, accompanied the expedition, together with Major Chevalie, formerly of the rangers. Captain Crittenden of the rifles, and Lieutenant Butler, Dr. Hunt, of Kentucky, and Mr. Merriwether, of Indiana the former aid, and the two latter volunteer aids of General Butler, who followed the expedition as volunteers. We arrived at the Yinta del Chalco about f ur o'clock in the morning, after a fatiguing march of near thirty miles under a hot sun, and over a road covered with dust. The next morning, crossing the mountains enclosing the valley, we reached Rio Frio about nine o'clock, when information was obtained which led to the belief that guerillas were to be found between there and San Martin. About midway between Rio Frio and San Martin we met General Marshall, with the advance of his train. Some of his officers, in command of the rear guard, reported that about two hundred guerillas had been following them and threatening an attack the whole morning. Turning from the road at the point where the guerillas were reported to have been last seen, General Lane detached two companies of the command to pursue them, and ordered the remainder to march on to San Martin, and there await his arrival. The General made a circuit of some ten or twelve miles in search of the enemy, and, after being convinced of the fruitlessness of the scout, marched on to San Martin, and there the whole command took up quarters for the night. From a very intelligent Belgian, at whose hacienda, while on the scout, we were very hospitably received, we learned the certainty that Jarauta was wounded in his affair with the rangers in the valley of Mexico, but not so severely as was generally supposed. The wound, the Belgian informed us, was in the bridle arm, and was slight. Eight of Jarauta's men were killed, and several badly wounded. Early tho next morning the march was resumed in the direction of Puebla ; and, shortly after leaving San Martin, we met Col. Miles, in command of the rear of General Marshall's train, by whom we were informrd that General Rea had been following, him the whole of the previous day, with about three hundred men, but did not attack him. Thercol'inel had in his charge the largest army and merchant train, in proportion to the number of men he had to protect it, that has perhaps ever passed up the road; and if Rea continued the pursuit, it is not improbable that he may have attempted to cut off pome portion of the train before it reached Rio Frio. The colonel, however, was on the watch for him ; and if an attack was made, Rea will find himself in excellent hands. After an easy march, we arrived here about 3 o'clock in the afternoon. The general was received with the honors due to his rank ; and the hearty cheers of the troops garrisoning the city, as he entered, manifested an enviable popularity. The vicinity of the city is infested with robbers, depredations upon travellers are constantly committed. The day before we arrived here, a Mexican going out in the direction of San Martin, with a supply of goods for his country store, was met by them, and the whole of his little tram captured. He escaped to Rio Frio; and Col. Erwin, of the 5th Ohio, being informed of the fact, set out in pursuit of the villains with about fifty mounted men. He came into San Martin the night that we were there, after penetrating the country twenty or thirty miles from the road, without subceeding in meeting the object of his search. Lieut. Lilly, of Captain Lewis's company of Louisiana mounted men, while on a scout the same day, met a party of guerillas, a short distance from this place, in the act of attacking a party of travellers, and killed eighteen of them. There is no considerable Mexican force now within fifty miles in any direction from this city. The dis comfiture of the enemy during tne siege, and the energetic and successful expedition of Gen. Lane while here, scattered to the winds the remnant of the Mexi can army. Kca is the only man who seems to hola with him any portion of the army. We are inform ed that he has his headquarters at Matamoras, with a force variously estimated at from 500 to 1000 men, and has four pieces of artillery. I do not think he will have to sigh long for an opportunity to try his prowess again. We leave here this evening, but no one knows for what point. Lieut. Col. Dumont and Drs. Brower and W ouster, of the 4th Indiana, and Major Youii", of the 4th Ohio, have joined the expedition here. D. S. Tehcacax, Jan. 23, 1913. All were a good deal surprised, the evening we left Puebla, to find themselves on the National or Vera Cruz road, and travelling in the direction of the latter city ; for, so far as conjecture could point out the ultimate destination of the expedition, after the intormation in relation to Rea s headquarters being at Matamoroa, (De Puebla,) and the guerillas being in the neighborhood of Puebla, the general supposition was, that Rea would be attacked, or that tho General would go in search of the guerrillas reported to be between Tuebla and Rio Frio, off the road. It was raining when we started, and for some four or five miles of the road the night was intensely dark. All, however, went on cheerfully ; for, with General Lane in command, and making a night march, every man was confident that some object worthy of the sacrifice of comfort was in view. When we arrived at Amazoque, the General, leaving the Vera Cruz and Orizaba roads on the left, took a road entirely unknown to any one but himself and his guide. For a time it was broad and good ; but, after travelling some ten or twelve miles from Amazoque, we turned into a track but little better than a mule path ; and for about eight or ten miles the horses had to go over a bare and jagged limestone rock. The horses bore it admirably ; and about 5 o'ciock in the morning we took up our quarters ol a hacienda, near the village of Santa Clara, at the foot of a range of mountains, aller having accomplished a march of over forty miles. At this place the General informed the officers that his immediate object now was to capture Santa Anna, who, he had information, was at Tehuacan with about one hundred and fifty men. In order that the Mexicau chieftain might not obtain information of the presence of our troops in this section of tho country, the General ordered every Mexican in the hacienda, and every one found on the road during the day, to be arrested and kept close until we left in the evening. The order was strictly enforced ; and, at about dusk, the march for Tehuacan, distant nearly forty miles, was taken up, in the full hope that the wily Mexican would soon be within our grasp. Shortly after leaving the hacienda, at a part of the road where it runs through a deep and narrow cut, and before the moon rose, the General and staff, riding in advance, came upon a party of mounted Mexicans armed, before either saw theother, at the distance of twenty feet. The Mexicans, eight in number, were instantly disarmed ; but in the rear of them we found a carriage, from which stepped a Mexican wilh a passport from General Smith to travel from Mexico to Orizaba and back, with an escort of eight armed servants. This being discovered, the arms were of course returned, and the cavalcadtj was permitted to go on. Midway between the hacienda we had left and this place, the road becomes as bare and uneven a rock as it was a part of the march of the previous night. The horses, jaded from the rapidity with which we had moved the whole distance from tho capital, gave signs that cautioned their riders not to push them too hard ; and the consequence wan, the command did not travel wilh ihe ctlenty the general designed for he had intended that the forty miles between the hacien da and Tehuacan should be accomplished in about seven hours, and that he should arrive thereabout two in the inorumg. Would that he had ! Within e.glit or tcu miles of Tehuacan, the guido

INDIANAPOLIS, received information that Santa Anna was, without doubt, at tiiat place, and had with him from one hundred to two hundred men. With renewed hope every man now spurred his "jaded seed," and on we went quick enough, until within five miles of our goal, where a halt of about half an hour was made, aud the plan of attack and capture disclosed by the Gen1 eral to his officers. The party mounted ; orders ; were given to observe the strictest silence during the ! remaifder of the march. The order was obeyed, you may depend ; for every man had an intense anxiety to secure the prize ahead. This silent march over such a country as we passed through was impressive indeed. On our right was a precipice rising immediately from the road to the height of two hundred and fifty to three hundred feet; on the left was a dense growth of underwood, between us and a lofty range of mountains, through the gorges of which were seen occasionally the moon-lit snowy peak of Orizaba, brilliant but bleak ; and ahead of us was a road over a limestone rock, having a dazzling whiteness from the moon's rays being reflected upon it directly towards us. Amid the romance of scenery, the suggestion could not fa.il to present itself, that we were only about three hundred and fifty strong; that we were from eighty to a hundred miles from reinforcements, without infantry or artillery; that we were treading a part of the country whicn never before knew the presence of American arms ; and that the enemy might have had notice of our advance, and collected a formidable force ; but there was an abidiug confidence in the sagacity, skill, and bravery of the commander. At dawn we were within half a mile of Tehuacan. The report of a solitary gun from the town, and the rapid passage of lights to and fro in the buildings next us, gave hope that the bird was about tobe caged, and sustained the expectation of meeting an enemy. As the command came to the entrance of the town, the drngoons and rifles dashed to the right and left, and in a few minutes every outlet wa9 stopped, and the rangers galloped ahead towards the plaza with their six-shooters cocked, glancing an eye on every side, with the belief and I think I may say the hope that the enemy was on the house-tops. The rangers in the plaza, in a moment squads were galloping through every street ; but no enemy was to be found, and in a few minutes we had the mortification to learn that the great object of our search had fled two hours before we arrived, and had taken the road to Oajaca, with an escort of seventy-five mounted men. The national fiags hung out from the residences of for eigners, and white flags suspended from the houses of the iMexicans in every part of the town, told that our approach was known in advance; and it .was with chagrin it was learned that the Mexican, whose coach and escort was stopped shortly after leaving the hacienda, sent by a short route across the mountains one of his servants to comnunlcate to Santa Anna that American troops were on the road, and, as he believed, with the intention of capturing him. Had it not been for this treachery on the part of a man travelling under an American safeguard, the surpfise would have been complete. The guide a Mexican, whose fidelity had been proved after meeting the carriage, was uneasy during the remainder of the march, and was constantly urging the General to press the command forward with greater rapidity ; but this could not be done without risking the loss of the men and horses, who were most fatigued a weighty consideration, in tho position he was then in. It was suggested, on arriving in town and finding Santa Anna had fled, to press fifty or a hundred fresh horses, and pursue him as long as there was a prospect of finding him. But the General wisely argued that the bird was alarmed ; and to pursue him through a country unknown to our troops, and perfectly known to the enemy, and with the possibility, too, that the enemy's forces might accumulate on the road to a number dangerous to so small a body as could be mounted, would be seeking danger, with scarcely a possibility of success in the grand object. The first feeling vf disappointment having in a great measure passed off, the public buildings und suspicious private dwellings were searched, and it was a meagre satisfaction to find in the quarters, so recently occupied by Santa Anna, a part of his be6t military wardrobe, two of his costly canes, his field glass, and three trunks containing his lady's clothing. This served, at all event, to show the chase was hot and the departure hasty. His military property was taken as a legitimate spoil, and the trunks containing his wife's clothing were turned over to4the alcalde. A receipt was taken for them, and a letter addressed to her illustrious husband, by the lady, informed him of the disposition made of the trunks, and expressed regret at his absence on the occasion of our appearing in his quarters. It may seem trifling to descend to an estimate of the value of the articles taken, but it will serve to show the extravagance and love of display of a man who affpcts to be a republican. The coat is almost covered with gold lace, and cannot be worth less than seven or eight hundred dollars. This fell to the lot of Col. Hays, who purposes presenting it to the government of his State. Both tho canes taken are of great value, being mounted with gold, and diamonds, and other precious stones. One of these became the property of an officer of the rangers, and the other of Maj. Polk, who intends to present it to the President. Two magnificent chapeaux de bras, two pair of gold epauletts, a sash of gold cord and bullion tassels, and an elegant writing desk all distributed among the officers complete the list of valuables captured, with the exception of the field-glass, an excellent one, which the General appropriated to himelf his only trophy. During the day theAyuntamiento called on the General, and expressed a desire that the American forces should occupy the town until the termination of the war. The General told them it was not probable our troops would hold the place at present, but assured them of an occasional visit of our arms to protect the well-disposed and punish those guilty of a disobedience of the orders of the commander-in-chief. With this they went off apparently satisfied. Several of the respectable citizens, on presenting themselves expressed a similar desire, and some went so far as to say they wished the permanent occupation of the country. Among the latter class was a highly educated and intelligent Mexican, the owner of a mine in the vicinity, whose name I forbear mentioning, lest its disclosure may injure him. He was evidently a man who sought the good of his country, and was eloquent in his exposition of the evils of a despotic, a cruel, and unstable government. "I desire," said he, "to see the grand plans of the United States consummated ; I desire to see its laws and institutions, its religious freedom, its system of general education, and its liberal commercial system, extended over the whole continent of North America. We have," he continued, ' the name of a republic, but a single instance wiil serve to show you how far our government has been deserving of that appellation. In this town we have four thousand people ; but in your country they would not be called people, because of that four thousand no more than two hundred possess the degree of intelligence necessary for self-government. In the struggle between military robbers and political miscreants for power and plunder, the country has been lost; and, sir," addressing himself to the General in an earnest and emphatic manner, "if there is a iAMbility of elevating this people to the capacity of self-government and I believe there is I repeat my wish to have your laws and institutions spread over us. This, sir, is the wish of the intelligent, thinking, honest citizens of Mexico." Orizabi, Jan. 2.3, 1313. We left Tehuacan for this city early on the morning of the 23d, öfter a rest of a day and night; and a few miles from the town came to a hacienda of Santa Anna's, at the base of a mountain, and at the entrance of a narrow valley. The hacienda was thoroughly searched, but nothing subject to seizure was found ; and the command proceeded on through the valley, the greater part of the road for six or eight miles being rough and jagged, and ever a naked Ijine-stune rock, as had been occasionally the case in the two preceding marches. It must not be inferred. however, that because the road was a naked rock, the valley we were penetrating was barren. Nut. so; some fields of wheat the only crop now growingwere as fine as was ever seen; and the wheat on

MARCH 9, 1848.

Santa Anna's ground, in particular, was beautiful and rich in appearance. But lie has taken advantage of a stream which runs through the valley, to irrigate his land an economy the other proprietors seem to have neglected ; and he has the benefit of his superior management, or rather, I suppose, the superior management of his stewards. Here, too, and for the first time since we left the valley of Mexico, we saw the pimento tree, in full bearing. This valley runs, say ten or twelve miles, in a northerly direction, and then, turning abruptly to the east, narrows Into a mountain gorge, where there are numerous passes capable of successful defence by a small force against a largely superior one ; but, although we were warned t be cautious in marching through this gorge, lest the enemy should surprise us, we passed through it without meeting a combatant. The road is a continuous ascent. After travelling three or four miles through the gorge, the clouds before us, and an occasional glimpse of Orizaba's snow, much nearer than is pleasing to the imagination of a man accustomed to a warm climate, gave intimation that we were ascending a lofty mountain. At the top, governed by a single impulse, the whole column halts, and officers and men rush from the line to behold a scene, perhaps unequalled in the world for beauty and magnificence. Before us were two ranges of mountains, running parallel at a very short distance apart, the tops enveloped in clouds, as we were ourselves, were invisible, but the sun penetrating the mist, gave to their barren sides an ashy whiteness ; the numerous mule paths traversing them in every direction, appeared like so many fiery serpents; and beneath the fields of grass, corn, and stubble, alternated with the regularity of squares on a chequer-board. The churches and haciendas on the plain, all white as snow, added, by the contrast with the green, in no small degree to the charm of the scene. I find myself guilty of the egotism of attempting a description of a scene that would baffle the most gifted pen or pencil, and can only offer as an excuse the untraceable impression it made upon my memory an impression that would not brook neglect. The valley we were gazing upon was the valley of Orizaba. The road down the mountain side must have been cut at an immense cost. It is about a mile in a direct line, but the steepness of the descent made it necessary to have a road five times that length, and frequently when a companion is within hearing of an ordinary voice, to reach you by the bends of the road, he has to travel a quarter of a mile. In one of the turns, from the side of the rock, where it has been blasted, to the depth of two or three hundred feet, a spring gushes and falls almost from the top into an artificial basin, and thence finds its way by subterraneous passages into the valley. This is one of the sources, and I am told the main source, of the Alvarado river. At the foot of the mountain the General was met by the curate and Ayuntamiento of the small village of Acalzingo, bearing a white flag. They accompanied us into the village, pointed out good quarters in the cleanest and best managed country inn I have seen in Mexico, and men and horses found a good night's rest. This city was now but seventeen miles distant. From what had been heard on the road, it was expected a defence of it would be attempted ; but, about 3 o'clock in the morning, a deputation came to the General from the Ayuntamiento, requesting to know what terms he would agree to, if the keys of the city were given up to him. The reply was, that they would know bis terms when he had possession. With this the deputation returned ; and at about 5 o'clock in the morning, the troops were on the last day's march to Orizaba 350 men were on their way to take a city of yO.OlK) to 23,000 population. To cut the matter short, the Ayuntamiento, the ptincipal clergyman, and many of the respectable inhapitants, met the command alout three miles from the city, and after, at their own request, being informed of what the troops would want, a portion went ahead to provide for them, and the remainder, accompanying the General, ou arriving at the gates, gave up the keys of the city to him. On entering, we found a white flag displayed at every house, and the whole population seemed to have turned out to witness our entry, and showed a degree of confidence that was decidedly complimentary. On conversing with some of the most friendly of the citizens, we found that there were about 1U0 or 150 guerillas here last night, who were ambitions of defending the city at the gate by which we entered, or who pretended they were. Whether they were sincere or not, is a matter of but little moment ; but the citizens, desirous of avoiding those excesses which always will take place after a successful assault, wisely cleared the rascals out early in the morning. Orizaba, Jan. 26, 1943. We are now quietly and comfortably quartered here, and the inhabitants seem thus far to be satisfied with our presence. The General has appointed Major Polk, military and civil governor of the city; Col. Dumont, attorney general ; and Col. Hays, commander of troops. Inquiries are about being instituted in relation to certain matters of importance, the nature of which will be revealed by the orders I enclose. As soon as these inqjiries are concluded, you will be informed of the result. You will also find a correspondence between the Ayuntamiento of Cordova and the General, requesting him to occupy their city. The people in this part of the country are generally peaceable, and all that was wanting to put down the guerillas who have rendezvoused in the neighborhood, was the presence of sufficient force to countenance and support the well disposed. The good conduct of the troops on the march, and since their arrival here, has assisted much in conciliating the people, and the durability of first impressions is proverbial. Col. Bankhead, we learn, is on his way here with 1,000 or 1,200 men and several pieces of artillery, and is expected to arrive at Cordova to-night. If he does, he will be here to-morrow. This amount of well conducted troops in and about here will be of great service in protecting life and property from guerilla depredations, and in encouraging our friends to speak their sentiments boldly, be they what they may, for peace or for occupation. We shall remain here until Col. Bankhead arrives; how much longer, I do not know. From this point it is probable the General will take the diret t road to Fuebla, and thence as rapidly as possible to Mexico, where it is expected the San Luis expedition will be preparing about the time we arrive. Should Rea or any of the guerilla parties lie on the road, you may depend they will not be allowed much rest. I will conclude this letter by giving you a copy of a memorandum furnished by a person in Puebla, in relation to the character and disposition nf the people in the towns and villages we have passed through from Puebla to this place, and in like places on the direct road from here to Puebla. D. S. On the road to Orizaba, via Tehuacan. Amazoque. Without troops, but the quarters of a band of robbers or guerilleros, which are daily robbing near the gates of Puebla. Tepeaca. Without troops. This town sent a commission of the municipality to the governor some time since, to obtain permission to arm fifty men as a police to guard against robbers ; which has been granted on certain conditions. They are under American protection ; and, besides, safeguards are in possession of a few of the inhabitants, a majority of whom are favorable to tho United States, but are not strong enough to manifest their oposition openly to the guerilla parties. The sub-prefect of this town is opposed to the municipality, and is hostile to American-. TEACOTErEQUE (ten leagues this side of Tehuacan.) This place is famous as being a village of robbers. Tehuacan. There may be, although it is not probable, a few hundred troop"! here, in consequence of the last pronunciamento in favor of a Spanish prince; and if Santa Anna is still there, he might have joined them with his escort. There are main roads leading to and from Tehuacan one to this city, (Puebla.) one to Oajaca, and the third to unzaba. Robbers are scarcely ever found on the Oajaca road ; but if they should, by any chance, get on it, they are pursued by the Indians and. exterminated. This will be most likely the road by which any force or com

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Volume YII:::::::::Number 3S. manding officer at Tehuacan will retreat or escape. The inhabitants of Tehuacan are peaceable, and no thing is known of their being ill-disposed. PUENTE Colorado. -Half way to Orizaba from Tehuacan, where the mountains begin. No village; nothing but a bridge and a small house; but this point has always been a rendezvous for robbers, and thev are now going about in bands of fifty, one hun dred, and even more. At Puente Colorado, the road from Puebla joins that from Tehuacan. The main road from Puebla to Orizaba is as follows : Amazoque. San Agustin el Palmer. No troops, but a great number of robbers are living here. . Acaci ngo. Without troops, but a most famous place for robbers, who go on the Orizaba road, and the national road, to Vera Cruz. It is reported that their number amounts to three hundred. Puente Colorado. Acalcingo. At the foot of the mountains in the valley of Orizaba. A small village, with quiet and peaceable inhabitants. Orizaba. The majority of the inhabitants at this city are most anxious to see the Americans there. Several of them have safeguards from General Scott. There are many Frenchmen and other foreigners es tablished at Orizaba, who ore decidedly friendly. There are some troops in Orizaba, the number of which isestimated at from 150 to 200; but, as they are constantly moving to and from Huaiusco, nothing certain is known about them. Huatcsco. A small town in the midst of themountains. The road to it is very bad, and only practica bio for packmules and horses accustomed to such roads. The government of the State of Vera Cruz resides at this place, and a few troops are stationed there. Cordova. A small village or town on the road to Vera Cruz from Orizaba. There are no troops there ; but it is probable the guerilla parties from Vera Cruz pay the place an occasional visit. GENERAL REMARKS. The robber parties in general do not travel the main road, but seek it only for the purpose of robbing travellers. They have sentinels placed, and disappear as soon as strong bodies of armed men show themselves. The civil authorities of all the villages know the robbers, and can point out their houses, names, and other particulars. The Atüwtamiesto of Cordova, No date received Jan. 25. This Ayuntamiento, united to-day in session, together with many of the principal persons of this place, resolved to send a deputation to wait on your excellency, and invite your peaceable entry into, and stay in this city. Thii the Ayuntamiento hope from jour accredited justice and prudence. Tbe deputation consists of the Curate Francisco Jalavera, Jose M. Gampo, Pedro Pre bo t, Francisco Mayobre, aud the undersigned as president of the body. I have the honor to say to your excellency, that we humbly beg of you to receive the deputation, who will have the honor to present themselves to you on the road. I subscribe myself your bumble servant, J. JOAQUIN APRERA.' To the General cod'giog the Americau forces in Orizaba. auswer Headquarters, Gex. Lane's Command. Oiizaba, January 26, 134S. To the deputation of the Ayuntamiento, and principal citizens of Cordova : Tbe General commanding the American forces at this place has received your communication touching bis piopoed visit to your city, and is pleased to be infoimed of your peaceable and fiiendly disposition towards him, and the troops under his command. The Geneial has not positively determined whether he will extend his march to Coidovo or not, but informs you that he will not start thither to-day. Whenever he shall ariive in your place, he assures you that the principles heretofore announced by bim in other places, and announced by all other Ameiican commanders, will be strictly pursued, namely: the protection of piivate property, respect for religious opinion, and exact jutice toward all. Tbe General tegs to present you tbe assurance of bis distinguished consideration. JOSEPH LANE, Brig. Gen. U. S. A. Headquarters, Gen. Lane's Command, Orizaba, January 25, 1843. Orders 1. Col. Hays, Texas volunteers, is hereby appointed commander of all the American forces ia this city aod its vicinity. 2. Major Polk, 3d dragoons, is hereby appointed civil and military governor of Orizaba. 3. Lieut. Col. Dumont, 4th Indiana volunteers, is appointed attorney general. 3. The civil and military governor will caue inquiry to be made forthwith of tbe robberies lately committed upon the merchant trains by bands of guerillas; whether those bands have been countenanced by the municipal authorities of thi place, or allowed to bere b arbors whether the property thus taken has been sold here what deposition has been made of the proceeds, aud cause speedy justice to be executed in the premises. 5. Private property of foreign residents or peaceable Mexican citizens will be protected, and all religious rights, together with the church property, scrupulously respected. 6. All crimes and disorders, whether committed by tbe soldiers, followers, and retainers of the American army, upon the propei ty and persons of the residents and citizens of Mexico, or by those residents and citizens upon the property and persons of the soldiers, followers, and retainers of the American aimy, will be detected, tried, and severely punished according to the provisions f the general orders, published at Tampico in February last, (and since republished several times,) declaiing martial law, and tbe mode of administering the same. By command of Brig. Gen. Lane t G. E. PUGU, Capt 4th Ohio Volunteers, Aid-de-Camp. Headquarters, Gen. Lane's Command. Orizaba, Jan. 26, 1S43. Orders Information having been received justifying the commanding geueial in the belief tuat tobacco beloogiug to the government of Mexico is at this time in the town or vicinity, you are therefore directed to take immediate measures for the seizing and securing of the same; after which, you are directed to organize a commission for the purpose of ascertaining whether the tobacco thus seized is or is not subject to confiscation. All such tobacco as may be foutid subject to confiscation, you are directed to sell in such way as may be best calculated to iusuie a g od pike. By the commaud of Bug- Gen. Lane t G. E. PUGH, " Capt. 4th Ohio Volunteers, Aid-de-Camp. To Major Polk, Civil and Military Gov. of Orizaba. Made a seizure OrricE or the Civil and Military Governor. Orizaba, January 26, 1843. Orders No. 1. The Aynntamiento are hereby directed to make diligent search and inquiry for all Ameiican horses, mules, arms, equipment, and property taken from any of the trains, or now ia this city and neighboihood and cause the same to be forthwith delivered to tbe civil and military governor. They are also directed to deliver up the American prisoners and deserters in this city and ueizbboibood, and to give all possible information concerning others. They are further requited to cause seaich to be made for the property lately taken from the merchant trains, puisuant to the orders yesterday published by Biig. Geo. Lane t to give information whether the property, or any part of it, bat been sold here, and what disposition has been made of the proceeds of any such sales. By the governor! GEO. EARL MANET, Secretary, &c. OrricE or the Civil and Military Governor. Oiizaba, January 26, 1843. Order No. 2. As president of the Ayuntamiento. you are tequired to remit immediately to this office a copy of the comruuuication received hy you on the night of the 24ih inst., from the administrator of tobacco, requiiing you to receive the tobacco which remained in the warehouses lo this city i also copies of all other communications which passed between yourself and the adminisliator telative to said tobacco i as it baa been understood that Contador Ygoacio Casaaola appropriated said tobacco, and lemjved it yesleiday morning to his own house. You are also required to furnish immediately tbe keys of the several warehouses of this city. Uy tbe Governor GEO. EARL MANEY, Secretary, tc. New Mail Arrangement. The mail has commenced running daily between this city and Patriot, Indiana, ko that letters and papers put into the Post Office here bfore 8 o'clock in the morning, will reach Patriot, by the mail boats, at 4 o'clock m the afternoon. Letters mailed at Patriot before nocn, will reach Louisville the same day, and this city the next day. There is an Irregular weekly land mail between Cincinnati and Patriot ; but all mail matter should go by tho boats, ia order to secure promptness and tittainty in the delivery. Cin. Enq. The editor of the Tittsburg: Despatch has seen a beautiful copy of the Declaration of Independence siguaturesj and all evgraud upon one side if an American dollar !

The Harmony or Federal Whlngery. The following is an apt hit at the harmony of the Federal Whig party. We copy from the Michigan, City News! "A LEAF FROM SHAKESPEARE." WITH ADDITIONS, BY JOHN SMITH. Whig COUNCIL Room Enter Corwin, Greeley and Taylor. Greeley. "You can't come it," General : Clay with Boston, now, hath made his peace ; Hit "Orleans Speech," hath well repented of, Ilia "Mendenhall reply," amply atoned for. That he hath sluves at Ashland, no one doubts, But since in public he is wilh the north. Ilia private views are nought. His mighty mind, Did ever hold, as we remrmber well, Two separate opinions political and personal; We hope by lhe to double-drag the Union, And catch the unthinking masses in our net. When warlike Slavers cune within our reach, We'll point tu Buena Vista's bloody hills. And ntjow the Junior Clay, wrapt in a ldier'a shroiM). The Flag of Liberty. We'll instance then The fifty human chattels now at labor hard In bondage to our High Church convert This the South to win. Then to the North We'll fling the Lexingtonian Platform, Italicising that which Slavery condemns, And intermixing, as we well know how, Some cunning inferences, to catch "fanatics." Thus htve we planned success is certain ! Indebted are we much to thee, "Old, Rough !" Thy n.agic name give strength and triumph To the despairing, in the late elections. We need thee note no longer. Spot Bloody and criminal are upon thy garments! The innocents of Mexico aloud now cry To heaven 'gainst I'olk, and Scott, and thee! Corvin. Old man ! go back to scenes of strife and blood. And teach repentance to your "brutal" troops.

A o Asniand s r armer, or percbance, myself Will whig en masse, award their highest praise. The injured patriots of our sinter land Will doubtless 'welcome thee with bloody hands' To a marauder's death "a hospitable grave." Taylor. Pardon my abruptness I will not back ; I ant loo high born to be property 'd ; To be a secondary at control, Or useful serving-man and instrument To any prating lawyer in this Uoion. Whxgleaders first enkindled my ambition To mount the ladder Presidential, And brought in matter that should feed this fire And now 'tit far too huge to be blown out, With the same weak wind which did enkindle it. They taught me how to blow both hot and cold, Acquainted me the way to win the prize ; Yea, thrust this enterprise into my heart : And come ye now to tell me Clay has made His peace with Boston ? What's that to roe ? I, by the glory of my warlike deeds, After James K. do claim the chair for mine. And now, when nearly won, must I go back Because that Clny hath made his peace wilh Boston? Ami her slave ? What efforts hath she made To further my strong claims ? What letters writ, Conventions held, or eulogies pronounced? I never have received her ''aid or comfort." Have I not heard the populace cry out "Hurrah for Taylor' as I passed their towns? Have 1 not here the best cards for the game, To win this easy match played for a crown And shall I now give o'er the cherished hope ? Go back ! and blast my prospect in their bloom ? No ! no ! my soul, it never shall be said. My banner is not made to retregrade : Advance t is sweeter to the soldier's ear Than that base word Retreat. Give o'er entreating traitorous Wagon Boy; No prayer that thou canst make can move me. M ire "grape" shall riddle up thy knavish plana Than Brags at Angoslury gave the toe. I never will surrender. Exeunt. df We call attention to the article from the Philadelphia Saturday Courier, containing well deserved encomiums on the Directors of our Railroad, for their liberality in sustaining Mr. Cathcart in the prosecution of an enterprise which, although it will be to their benefit, was as yet untried. We hope sincerely that the experiment will succeed and we have every reason to think it will, both from the character of the inventor, who has not his superior in the West as n thorough mechanician, versed in every branch relating' to mechanical forces, and the opinions of well qualified pro essional men. Mr. Cathcart is claimed by the Courier as if he were a Philadelphia mechanic ; but he merely exercised his calling there for a few years, and is now essentially a Western man. By the simple improvement on breaks, he saved the company, in the course of three or four years, between five and six thousand dollars. Midisnn. Banner. IWw Locomotive. A new and pplend;d locomotive, with quite a new feature in construction, from tne well known shop of Mr. M. W. Baldwin, left this city oa Friday last, destined for the Madison and Indianapolis Railroad. And, as it is the intention of that enterprising company, by means of this engine, to supply the place of stationary engines and horse power, on inclined planes, we think it proper to give a description uf its construction, as it may be interesting to many of our readers. It is a large and powerful locomotive, placed upon eight driving wheels, which are connected to a pair of inclined cylinders, fifteen and a half inches in diameter, and twenty inches 6troke. There is also a driving cog-wheel, twelve and a half inches in diameter, for propelling by a rack laid in the middle of the track the whole length of the plane. This cog-wheel is on the middle of a shaft lyinj parallel to the axles of the drivingwheels, and midway between the back and front end of the engine, and, by a crank on each end of the shaft, is connected to a pair of vertical cylinders, fourteen and a half inches in diameter, and fourteen inches stroke. This shaft is placed in a pair of 6trong bearings, attached to the boiler and frame-work of the engine, and is raised sufficiently from the rails, and connects to the rack by an intermediate wheel, twenty-eight inches in diameter, and which is capable of being connected or disconnected instantaneously to or from the rack, at the pleasure of the engineer, by means of a fifth cylinder placed horizontally on top of the boiler; and hy a crank and two rods it is connected the ends of the intermediate shaft. By admitting steam into either end of this cylinder, the intermediate shaft and wheel are raised or lowered, at the will of the engineer, and will accommodate themselves to the undulations of the track. The driving-shaft of the twelve and half inch cog-wheel is furnished with two friction or brake-wheels, twenty inches in diameter, by which the progress of the engine iu ascending or descending the plane can be instantaneously stopped or graduated to any degree of velocity, at the pleasure of the engineer. The machine was tried in the yard of the workshop, in the presence of a number of practical engineers, (previous to being shipped lo it destination.) upon a temporary track for that purpose, and its performance gave the highest satisfaction, being entirely under the control of the engineer. It may tu started, stopped, reversed, and the gearing raised in or out of the rack at pleasure, without a jar, and almost instantaneously. It was also shown that by putting the inclined cylinders in a backward motion, and the vertical cylinders in a forward motion, the gearing would cause the engine to slide forward t n the track, while the eight driving wheels were revolving without effect in a downward and backward motion, clearly showing that by the above improvements the engine will have more than double the tractive power of any engine of the eame weight. The improvement ia by Mr. Andrew Cathcart, of Madison, Ind., formerly of this city, and under whose superintendence she was built by Mr. M. W. Baldwin. Love and Revexge. Mr. Petlis. a man some sixty years of age, living on Mcliooper Island, re cently married a lady by me name ot jreen, with whom he lived a short time, then left her and paid his addresses to a handsome young widow, also a resident of the Island she rejected bis suit. Ott the 2d inst., he armed himself with a rifle, pistol, bowieknife, and shoe-maker's hammer and went to the house in which the widow resided. She still jH?rsisting in refusing him, he itruck her on the head wilh the hammer which felled her to the floor ; th"n w ith his bowie-knife attempted to cut her throat; she protected her throat, but received some evere wotindi upon her hands and arms. The creams uf one or two other ladies who were prreent, attracted a young man to the house. Ptllis saw him approaching, and fearing be would be deprived of bis victim, seized her by the riofe and cut it off. St. Lttuis Union, Good Aitice. Don't pry into the secret affairs of ethers. It is none of your business how your neighbor cets along, and what his income or expectations may be, unless his arrangements affect you. What right have you to say a word and protrude your advice! It is no mark of good taste, good breeding, nor good maimers, to pry into the affair of other. Remember this.