Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 7, Number 28, Indianapolis, Marion County, 30 December 1847 — Page 1

To Correspondents. J. W. S., lUniingtoa. The XXVIII em safely to hand. Wifl try and fulfil your request.

Ajcs mid Aoes onlhc Adjourning Ilcsolutions. In the report of the proceedings of the House, on the resolutions proposing to adjourn on account of a case of small-pox in this city, the ayes and noes were only given on the question of concurring in tie amendment proposed by the Senate, extending the recess from the 2d Monday in January to the 1st Monday in February. The original resolution proposed to adjourn till the 2nd Monday in January, and to allow members the usual mileage, &c. Mr. Dunham moved to amend so as to adjourn sine die on the 20th January, and Mr. Short made a similar motion to tnke effect on the 2öth. Both motions were laid on the table by a decisive vote. Mr. Dunham then moved to strike out so much of the resolution as allowed members to charge mileage, which motion was rejected by the following vote: Ayes Carr, Coble, Cole, Dobson, Doyle, Dunham, Frazier, Gooding, Gordon, Graham, Hall, Hunt, Jones of B., Junes of S., Kennard, Lane, Little, Major, May, McConnell, McCormick, Miller, Ntff, Nimmons, Orton, Richmond, Roache, Short, Stone, Sullivan, Thompson of C, Trimbley, Williams tf K., Williams of M., Winstandley, Wolfe, Mr. Speaker, 37. Noes Albin, Armstrong, Baldwin, Blackstone, Blythe, Bowling, Erown, Bryant, Campbell, Chambers, Coffin, Coli;, Commons, Covington, Criswell, Danner, Davis, DeBruler, Dimmett, Dole, Dougherty, Ford, Fuller, Goodman, Hamilton, Hankins, Harding, Harvey, Hetficld, Holden, Huddleston, Hull, Keiser, Litcheberger, Line, Lockwood, Lowe, McDonald of A., McDonald of L., McKmzie, Meredith, Mills, Morrison, Neal, Norris, Orr, Parker, Prather, Robinson, Rulon, Sackett, Shryock, Slater, Stanton, Swihart, Terry, Thompson of G., Tinbrook, Widney 59. The vote was then taken on the passage of the resolutions, which was as follows: Ayes Armstrong, Blackslone, Blythe, Bowling, Campbell, Chambers, Coble, Coffin, Colip, Commons, Covington, Danner, Davis, DeBruler, Dimmett, Dole, Doyle, Fuller, Gordon, Hankins, Harding, Harvey, Iletfield, Holden, Jones of S., Lane, Line, Little, Lockwood, Lowe, McConnell, McCormick, McKinzie, Meredith, Neal, Norris, Parker, Prather, Roache, Robinson, Sackett, Shryock, Stanton, Stone, Swihart, Thompson of C, Tinbrook, Williams of K., Williams of 31., Wolfe 50. Noes Albin, Bryant, Carr, Cole, Cookerly, Criswell, Dobson, Dunham, Ford, Frazier, Graham, Hall, Hamilton, Huddleston, Hull, Hunt, Keiser, Kennard, Kinney, Litchteberger, Majör, May, McDonald of A., McDonald of L., Miller, Mills, Morrison, Nimmons, Orr, Orton, Richmond, Rulon, Short, Slater, Sifliley, Sullivan, Terry, Thompson of G., Trimbley, Winstandley, Mr. Speaker 41. The following letter from Capt. McDougall seems to have been a long time on the way; but we publish it because we think it will be of some interest to the friends of those to whom the writer alludes: VerJ Chcz, Nov. 19th, 1947. ' P Dear Sir : I have but a moment to say a word before the mail closes. Our Regiment has arrived, and is encamped on a beautiful grassy plain about a mile above the city. We have come in unprecedented time. On our arrival at New Orleans, we were immediately placed on board of sea transports and arrived on the 15th, being just two weeks from the time we left Madison. The health of the troops is good, particularly of the Centn Guards. The train from the city of Mexico arrived two days since with a large number of the wounded in the recent battles near the city. Lt. Van Buren's wound is represented as being more serious than was expected. He bas lost the entire use of his leg. He will probably remain here for two or three weeks. I wish you would send me your weekly. Direct it to Mexico via Vera Crux. The communication will now be open, and we can get our lettersand papers in quicker time than heretofore. There is no reliable news in relation to the actions of the contending war parties. In haste, your friend, JOHN McDOUGALL. The Ship of War, John Adams, is laying under the walls of the Castle, but I have not had time to go over to see whether your son is aboard. I will go in a day or two. The Hemans Reader fob Female Schools. This new publication has been laid on our table, and we have given it an examination. As a school reader, for which it is intended, we consider it without an equal. The selections, made by T. S. Pixneo, A. M, M. D., are numerous and evince much judg- ' mentin the compiler. They consist of prose and poetry from the best writers of the day. It should be in the hands of teachers, pupils, and the public general ly. It is copy-righted by W. B. Smith &. Co., of Cincinnati, who are engaged in publishing extensive editions of McGuffey's school series, and other excellent works for schools, and for sale by Morrison &, Talbott. Committee or 15. Several of our friends have desired us to republish the names of the "Committee of Fifteen," organized for the purposes set forth at the " citizens' meeting." They are as follows : James Blake, Calvin Fletcher, Ovid Butler, E. J. Peck, Alfred Harrison, Wm. Sheets, A. W. Morris, Andrew Smith, S. A. Fletcher, James Sulgrove, Jas. M. Ray. John Childers, John Wilkins, J. Vandegrift, G. D. Statts. Consistency. Massachusetts had an interest in the settlement of the north-eastern boundary ; she has none in favor of Mexico. Mr. Webster then in his speech proposed, that unless certain conditions were complied with by the British government, "military pmsession" should be taken of the whole territory in dispute before the next fourth of Julv. JW. in his late speech, he very consistently (1) considers it as against the law or nations to take military possession oi ai.oputea territory on tne mo urande ! C-We are requested to state that all persons wishing to be in season at the Depot to be sure of a passage in the cars, can be called for, in any part of the city, by leaving their names on the evening pre vious, at Crowning's Hotel, on a slate left for that purpose. tj"The Crawfordsville Review has passed from the hands of B.W. Engle into those of Wm. A.Johnston, by whom it will be hereafter edited and published. The Review has always been a good paper, and under the management of its new editor we have no doubt will maintain its reputation. 07 Mr. Clay now pretends to think slavery a ' great, but irremediable evil,- as much as to say nothing. A few years ago he solemnly declared that 200 years of legislation bad sanctioned and sanctified negro slaves as property 1" The Iriib, relief committee of New York city, (which is still in active organization) recently dispatched in the ship Ashburton, 1000 barrels of cornmeal for the relief of the destitute poor in Ireland. Fresh oysters are selling in Boston at 50 cents per gallon. Here, at 50 cents a dozen. O fur a railroad toB!

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Published every Thursday. Auditor's Keport Continued. Debt of the State. The Auditor or "writer," (we shall use the term Auditor hereafter) gives the amount of Foreign debt, as follows, distinguishing it from the Domestic debt, or that which was created by the issue of treasury notes, and by loans by the General Fund from the Common School Fund, and balances of Trust Funds remaining in the Treasury at the close of the past financial year. rORZIGX OR PUBLIC DEBT. Bonds issued for Internal Improvement system, $3,918,000 00 Bonds issued for Wabash and Eria Canal fund, 1,727,000 00 Bonds issued for State Bank of Indiana, - 2,412,000 00 Bonds issued for fourth instalment of Surplus Revenue, - 294,000 00 Bonds issued for Madison and Indianapolis Railroad, 430,000 00 Bonds issued Tor Lawrenceburgh and Indianapolis Railroad, .... 221,000 00 Bonds issued to pay interest on bonds (7 percent.,) 1,100,000 00 Total issued, ... $15,123,000 00 The foregoing statement of bonds is taken from tabular statements prepared at this office in 1843, and which accompany the Auditor's report of that year. They are believed to be correct, and have been adopted as the basis of all calculations made since in this office in regard to the public debt. The auditor's report of 1315, as well os of 1846, varies $17,000 from these statements, but as in the former reference is express ly made to them, the variation is supposed to be acci dental. In subsequent parts of this report the amount stated in the calculation above alluded to is assumed ascorrect, without positively deciding it to be so. Owing to the manner in which the board offund commissioners was organized, or to the manner in which sales were effected, it does not appear that this office was furnished at any time with the amount of sales of bones, and consequently the books proper of the office show nothing concerning the bonds but the amount cancelled. Had a regular account of sales been furnished trom the beginning, it would have prevented the difficulty now encountered in ascertaining, with that degree of certainty which its importance demands, the exact amount of our indebtedness. The arrangement effected with the holders of our bonds, under the act of 19th January, 1846, and the supplementary act of 26th January, '1847, will no doubt produce the surrender of the greater portion of our bonds, and the amount surrendered and cancelled, when noted upon the register of bonds, will enable this office to open correct accounts under this head. The amount of bonds returned and cancelled at the end of the financial year, has not yet been received trom the btate Agent, but will no doubt be furnished by him at as early a period as practicable. The amount of bonds issued as above is, $15,123,000 00 BOSD9 CAKCKLLED. At the close of the fiscal year ending OctoDer jlst, ls4o, the amount oi bonds redeemed and cancelled was as follows, towit: Surplus Revenue Jnd4, - $294,000 00 Lawrenceburgh and Indianaapolis RailroauJOs. 189,000 00 Internal Impiovement bonds by Gov. Noble, l und Commissioner, ... 209.000 00 Internal Improvement bonds by M. (i. Bright, State Agent, - - - - 197,000 00 Seven per cent, bonds signed but not put in circulation. 1,064,000 00 Irregular bonds for Internal Improvement purposes not old, .... 700,000 00 2,653,000 00 Leaving the amount outstanding Oct. 31, 1646, $12,475,000 00 From this should be deducted the amount of bonds on which the State Bank pays interest, ...... 1,390,000 00 Balance; - - $11,085,000 00 Deduct for the amount paid into the treasu ry during the last year by the Lawrenceburgh and Indianapolis Railroad Company in bonds, yet uncancelled, about, 20,000 00 $11,065,000 00 The amount of bonds issued un account of State Bank, it will be seen by the above, is 2,412,000 00" The amount on which the Bank pays inte rest is, - - - - - - - l-JO.OOO 00 Difference, - $1,022,000 09 This sum, although a loss by the Bank, is trans ferred to the internal improvement system, with what propriety, or by what authority, does not appear by any record of this office. The loan was made for the purpose of obtaining funds with which to increase the capital stock of the bank. It proved unfortunate, a small part only having been realized. With what propriety it was turned over to the internal improvement account, I am unable to determine. Although in either case it is a loss by the State, yet it would seem proper that in winding up both the internal im provement system and the bank, the accounts should have been so kept as to show that each had borne its own disasters. INTEREST OX BOXDS FROM 1841 TO 1947. The amount of interest which became duo on the 1st day of January last, (on account of interest on outstanding bonds on which the State is to pay interest from January 1st, 134L, to January 1st, 1847, having Tailed to pay within that period,) is as follows, to-wit : On $100,000 Wabash & Erie Canal bonds for six years, at 6 per cent, ... $36,000 00 On $3G,000 at 7 per cent, for four and a naif years, ..... 11,340 UU On $10,929,000 for six years, at 5 per cent., 3,278,700 00 Total of interest due January 1, 1847, $3,326,040 00 ABBUAL INTEREST OS BOBDS. The amount of annual interest on State bonds, on which the State lias to provide for the interest, is as follows, to-wit : On $100,000 at six per cent, for one year, $G,000 00 On $36,000 at seven per cent. Tor one year, 2,529 00 On $10,929,000 at five per cent, for one year, 546,450 00 $554)70 00 Under the first section of the act of 27ih of January, 1347, supplementary to the act of 19th January, for funding the public debt of the State, and enabling her to resume the payment of her interest on her outstanding bonds, it is provided, that for all bonds surrendered, a new issue of certificates in exchange therefor shall be issued to the holders, each certificate to be for an equal moiety of the principal of the bond or bond surrendered, and to bear interest at and after the rate of five per cent, per annum, as provided also in the 32d section of the act of 19th of January, 1310, the interest to be computed from the 1st day of January, 1317. That one of the two certificates so to be issued is to be paid, principal and interest, out of the revenues of the Slate, and may be redeemed by the State at its pleasure any time after twenty years ; and the other of said certificates, with interest thereon, to be paid out of the ranal lands and the tolls and revenues of said canal, ae is alto provided by the 3'2d section of the act of January 19, 1340. The second section of said supplemental act provides that for tho arrears of interest from the first day of January, 1341, to the first day of January, 1847, certifi cates shall in like manner be granted, one for one half - mm oi eaia interest, payable out or the revenues or the State, and the remaining moity in like manner to be paid out of the canal lands, tolls, and revenues of the canal. These certificates are to be denominated "special stock," and constitute an additional item of indebtedness, for the interest on which, as for the bonds themselves, the Slate has to make the necessary provision. These certificates, however, are not to bear interest until from and after the first of July, 1353. though funded up to the Ut of January, 1317. From and after the first of July, 1303, the interest is to be paid on the one half as before stated, semi-annually, out of the revenues and the remaining half from the canal lands, tolls, and revenues of the canal.

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INDIANAPOLIS, DECEMBER 30, 1847.

Upon the supposition that our outstanding Bonds, thus to be surrendered, amount m $11,065,000 00 And that our indebtedness for arrearages of interest Ironi 1841, tu 1st January, 1847, as shown by a preceding statement, is - 3,326,040 00 Then our indebtedness on the 1st July, 1853, would amount to - - $14,331,040 00 And u;on one half of this sum, or 7,190,520, after the 1st of July, 13Ö3, the interest will have to be met semi-annually, on the first days of July and January, of each year. By the third section of said supplemental act, in view of the fact that a considerable portion of the revenue may be paid in treasury notes, and the levy f 25 cents on each .$100 taxables, and 73 cents on each poll, may prove insufficient at present, it is provided that only four per cent, of the five on the one-half of our indebtedness shall be paid from the State reve nues, from the first day of January, 134T, to first of July, 1353, and that the remaining one per cent. shall be added to, and form part of the special stock so called, and be put on the same footing with the spe cial stock referred to in the second section of said act. On th supposition, as above, that our indebtedness on the first of January for principal amounts to $11,Uuo.LUU, then the one-half is $.,üo2,;)U, and one per cent, on this sum is $55,325 per annum, or $331,050 for the six years, from January 1st, 1347, to January Ist, 1ÖÖ3. It has been already stated that the one-half of our indebtedness for principal, and one-half of our arrearages of interest from 1st January, 1347, to 1st January, 1847, added together make the sum of $7,19o,520, which becomes principal, and on which in terest is to be paid from and after the 1st of January, lööo. lo this sum should be added the one per cent. of arrearages of interest, as above, from 1st of January, 1347, to 1st of January, 1353, amounting to $331,050, and then we have the whole sum on which the State will have to provide the interest through the treasury, from and after the 1st of January, 1353, viz : One half of the principal due, 1st January, 1847, - - - - $3,532,500 00 One half of the arrearages of interest from January 1st, 1841, to January 1st, 1847, 1,563,020 00 One per cent, of interest on principal from January 1st, 1Ö47, to January 1st, lsoj, as provided in 3d section of act of 1847, 331 ,950 00 Making a total of - - $7,527,470 00 In carrying out therefore the arrangement between the State and the holders of our bonds, under the act already referred to, the sum of $65,000 was advanced from the treasury, on requisition of the Agent, to meet the instalment of interest falling due 1st July, 1847.. By reference to the report of the Agent of State, which was not received in time to be entered upon the books of the office prior to the close of the financial year, (Oct. 31, 1347,) it appears that the amount of interest paid on bonds surrendered is $77,980. Had the whole of our bonds outstanding been sur rendered in pursuance of the act of 19th January, 1340, amounting as they do to $ll,UOo,UOO, the interest on one-half of them for the July instalment at two per cent, would have been $110,G50; and consequently the amount surrendered to the Agent, up to 31st of October last, is $7,730,tKH), leaving to be sur rendered, $3,23o,000. Subsequent and unofficial in formation, however, places the amount surrendered and cancelled at about nine millions. In pursuance of section 2, of the act of January 19. 1Ö40, (chapter 1 ot general laws,) certificates issued under said act act and the act supplemental to it, have been signed by the Auditor and Treasurer, and numbered in blank, to each of which also the seal of State was affixed by tne Secretary of State. The numbering and classification of the certificates are as follows : Vol. I Certificates of 21 per cent. State stock. numbered trom 1 to öyi. Vol. II Certifica.tes of 2i per cent. Slate etock, numbered from UlHi to 1502. for transfers. Vol. I Certificates of 5 per cent. State stock, numbered from 1 to 033. Vol. II Certificates of 5 per cent. State stock. numbered from 030 to 134, for, transfers. Vol. I Certificates of 5 per cent, preferred Canal stock, numbered trom 1 to U73. - Vol. II Certificates of 5 per cent, preferred Canal stock, numbered from yjirto 14Ü3, for transfers. Vol. I Certificates of 5 per cent, special deferred Canal stock to non-subscribers, numbered from 1 to 502. Vol. II Certificates of 5 percent, special deferred Canal stock to non-subscribers, numbered from 503 to 950. - ' Vol. I Certificates of 5 per cent, deferred Canal stock to non-subscribers, numbered from 1 to 500. Vol.11 Certificates of 5 per cent, deferred Canal stock to non-subscribers, numbered from 501 to 1004, for transfers. ' RETORT OF THE .TRUSTEES. The semi-annual report of the trustees, appointed under the second section of the act of 10th of Janu ary, 1847, before referred to, to take charge of the Wabash and Erie Canal, its lands, tolls, and reve nues, due on the 1st of October, was not -received in time to be entered upon the proper books of the office, and does not, consequently, form any part of the re ceipts and expenditures reported. The amount of receipts, except from water rents and sales of lands, of which no mention is made, is as follows : RECEIPTS. Amount received from Slate treasury, - $7,000 00 Amount received Irom tolls lor July and August last, 29.400 73 Total, ..... $36,406 73 DISBURSEMENTS. Amount of contingent expen- , ses of board, including advances to appraisers of canal lands, - - - $1,2-12 70 Amount of repairs of canal. 6.178 07 7,420 77 Excess of receipts ovr expenditures, from the 1st of July to 1st of October, 1847, $23,985 96 The trustees remark, in explanation of the fore going statement, that "large sums have been furnish' ed by the superintendents to be disbursed upon their respective divisions, in conformity with abstracts pre viously rendered by them, and payments have been made to the contractors on the division of canal now under construction, which do not appear in the en closed statement, as this was after the semi-annua period, the first day of October. These will of course appear in the next semi-annual statement, accompa nied by copies of the abstracts of the land offices fur nishing the statement required in clause third of said section, which abstracts have been received at this office, but also after the first day of October, and wil appear regularly in the next semi-annual statement. In view of the importance of the subject of our pub lic debt, the following statements have been prepared for the purpose of showing our probable means and liabilities from 1347 to 13o3. It will be found, on a comparison with the report from this office of last year, to be somewhat less tav orable as to our means than that estimate ; yet taking the whole period of six years, (the same period being embraced in both estimates,) it will be found, notwithstanding the assumption of less of inctease, to sustain the position that the present rate of taxation with some exertions on the part of the treasury department, . aided by temporary loans during two or three years of the period, will probably bo sufficient to carry out the arrangement made with our credi tors, and meet the current expenses of an econoinica administration of the government. It will be perceived that it is assumed in these statements, tli'.t our annual increase of taxable polls will be 3,000, and that of the taxables 'two millions annually ; and that the annual delinquencies on poll and taxables will not exceed sixteen dollars on the hundred. Should our revenue laws be amended in some few particulars, so as to ensure full and equal assessments, and greater certainty in the collection, it is confidently believed that no fears need be entertained of our resources being less than here stated. (To bs tonttnvd.J

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TUE ADJOUIIXMEXT. For the Indiana Statt Sentinel. To the IndimmpolU Sinall-Pox. Thou blotched and loathsome curse ! Wat's dieaded Fesrs and famine's gaunt aod supplicating cry And fever's burning anguish, and the apoplexy's Shock, aie nought compared with th. e ! Fium thee,4 Affrighted, rush the multitude of men ; and E'en Stale Councils at thy bidding break and Ron. Law's supreme source, and Legishtive Power is womau's weakness in tby sight. Thon Canst shake the heart of mighty Senates, And the congregated wisdom of the laoJ, I scattered at tby breath. Thou bast Alarmed the heels e'en from their boots, and Given their tattered coat tails to the wind ; And Willi the vast velocity of fear, they Have outstripped the speed of Railroad cars, Aod frost and mud have been like cob-web Barriers to their brav retreat. Avaunt ! Fell devil ! from our peaceful town, and LET THE LEGISLATURE ALL COME BACK!! OXE OF THE NEOATIFES. Indianapolis, Dec 19, 1S47. "Clar tje Kitchin." The Indiana Leeislature ad journed on Thursday last for three weeks from that lime. Tt tppmu that a rnsrt of small -nor one esse oniv. occurred in the city of Indianapolis! and that the congregated wisdom of the State, having the fear of this disease before their eves, and the eood health of 0 v u their constituents at heart, resolved to go home far a r .:i .1 . u..U v.: .J Uine, Ulllll 11113 jrrc tuning ejJiuciiiii. euuuiu ouusiuo a little. So after due consideration, a majority of the members voteu an sojournment. ujuistuie uem. Dec. 20. The Indianapolis papers received yesterday state that Andrew Kennedy, a member of the Legislature, (known formerly as a member of longress,) had been confined two or three days, with an indisposition which proved to be 6malI-pox. Ibis produced gieat alarm among the members ; and we learn irom a member of the Senate, now in this city, that as two physicians one a member of the Senate, the other of the house, persisted in attending on Mr. K., the Legislature adjourned in no little panic, for three weeks ! The Senate at first refused; but as several members o this branch threatened to resign, a reconsideration oi the refusal was had, and tho adjournment carried. Cm. Gazette, Dec. SJ0. Thz Legislature. It will be seen from the in teresting letter of our Indianapolis correspondent, that tho Legislature have adjourned, after a short session of ten days, for fear of catching the small pox ! there being, it was believed, a veritable case in the Capital : and so, like the rats on Ulno street last week, when the flood began to pour into their nests, the redoubtable and patriotic members scattered. Is it not astonishing that, while they were tumbling over one another to get out of the way, and to save their otrt skins, it did not occur to any of them, that they might endanger those of their wives and children at home, and spread the loathsome disease over the whole State 1 lt is said that Demosthenes was a coward ; but he was not wanting in humanity. The orators of Indiana are certainly his equals in timidity. and on the 6core of heartlessness, they have proved themselves to be far ahead of him. Why is it that the Journal and Sentinel have not published the yeas and nays on the question of ad journment! The public should know the names ol those who voted in the amrmative. lhey should be "marked" in some way, even though they may es cape the "pock! We propose to our brethren of all parties to unite in celebrating their unparalleleu achievement, both in prose and verse, so that after ages shall not fail to commemorate their fame Madi son Banner, Dec. 2Z. The Adjournment. It will be noticed from onr legislative extracts and Indianapolis correspondence, that our Legislature has adjourned until the second Monday of January next reason, one case of confluent small pox at Indianapolis! This will certainly saddle great inconvenience and much loss upon many citizens of Indianapolis, among whom the landlords and printers will fare worst. The majority of the Representatives of the people seemed to forget the glory of dying in the harness but it is likely, however, that not very many of them were ready to square their accounts and thought they might as well bo where they conceived there was a little less danger of being suddenly called on to " settle up." One case of small pox is no great shakes over this way, since" we have got used to it, but, at first, we had a sort of panic, not quite as bad, however, as it seems to have been at the Capital. We would have thought that nothing less than the Asiatic cholera would have driven gentlemen from their posts of duty. If they take the disease to their own fami lies all over the btate, they .will have committed an act for which they eould scarcely atone, and which, no doubt, they would heartily regret, Wabash Ex press, Dec- 22. The Express is altogether mistaken in supposing that the printers will lose much, if any thing by the adjournment. We lose no more than the cost of one or two editions of session papers, and we sup pose the Journal office will get more than it loses by the time it will gain in doing the State Printing. We believe that the Express is the first to hint at this supposed pecuniary interest of the printers. The reason is perhaps, that its editor served his apprenticeship at tape-cutting. Ges. Lane. We copy the following notice of Gen Lane from the N. O. Delta, of the 9th ult; "We have heard from persons who were in his train that General Lane is one of the most energetic, pushing, indomitable Generals that ever led a column through a hostile country. No fatigue can weary, no danger appal, no labor weaken his energy, lie scattered the guerrilleros on bis route with tfie ease of a man brushing tnusquitoes from his face, cleared his front and flanks in every direction along the route, defeating the enemy in several severe skirmishes and entering Puebla, restored quiet and order in the town and relieved our hard pressed garrison in the fort. A gentleman who accompanied Gen. Lane some distance in his route says he has one great fault, and that is, that he never sleeps himself, and seems to forget that other people are not as bappily endowed in that respect as he is; that on the march he dispensed with the drum altogether and used the crowing of the cock as his reveille." The Politician's Trade. Who ever got wealthy by making politics a trade, or secured a better reputation than he would by following any other trade equally as honorable t Let a man devote his wholj time, Ulents, and energies to the pursuit of politics for five years, and he will be a bankrupt in principle, talents, and property. Of course we recognize a difference between the statesman and the politician, as much as between the patriot and the partizan, or the peer and the beggar. What we mean by politician proper, is one of those sly, quizz.ng, insinuating scamps, whose propensity for gambling upon the capital stock of public confidence, never ceases until his character for intrigue becomes thoroughly and universally established. We trust we have none in our young and flourishing democratic State. Miner's Express. (gf For one, says the Richmond Whig, wo do not hesitate to say that it is safer for the South, that all that region washed by the Rio Grande should be in possession of a foreign power, than it should be converted into non-slaveholding States of this Confederacy, as all the signs of the times indicate that it will be, if wrested from Mexico. ' The South did not talk in this style about Texas. The boot was on the other leg.

Volume VH::: Number 23

What fell a II we do with Mexico t We are very glad to find that the independent jour nal. are beginning to discuss this subject, and to speak boldly. What shall we do With Mexico " mplies that, we must do something with her; that, aving rot her, we cannot let her go without dis grace and numerous evils to ourselves; and that, even if we should let her go, 6he would hardly con sent, even to be shaken oil. Her fools can resist us no longer, and her wise are imploring our protection against the fooU. We cannot back out entirely ; we cannot take part and leave the rest. We have got the whole, and must do something with it. What shall we do! Among the independent journals, we find the New York Courier and Enquirer in favor of a qualified oc cupation of Mexico, for the purpose of redeeming and regenerating her as an independent nation and future ally. Though far from subscribing to all the opinions of the Courier, we admit its independence of mere partisan dictation, and approve its sturdy, cordial nationality. It says that, being involved in a war, the country must fight it out, and not adopt Mr. Web ster's doctrine of ' stopping supplies." It says that we must prosecute the war to any point demanded by justice and national safety, and not adopt Mr. Clay's doctrine or "no more territory. It toIerates.no sneaking, hypocritical cant about its being " unbe coming a moral and religious people to rejoice in the victories of this wicked war." It leaves all such fretension to anti-renters and other thieves, who lave no objection to picking the pockets of. their neighbors, if they can do it under the mask of supe rior morality. But while approving and responding to the Courier's frank, hearty, cordial, warm-hearted, whole-souled nationality, and thanking it for castigating the libellers of the British press, so sneakingly imitated and echoed by the libellers of our own, we do not approve its project for disposing of Mexico. We prefer our own, proclaimed eighteen monuis ago, and frequently repeated since. Ibe Courier says that we should guaranty indepen dence to New Mexico and California, with a view to ultimate annexation ; and that, for Mexico, we should - re-establish and guarantee the constitution of 1324. ' and leave ten thousand troops in the city of Mexico, five thousand in Vera Cruz and the intermediate cities, to aid the Mexican government in maintaining this constitution. It says that, under this rule, the immense resources of the country would be developed, schools would be established, religious liber ty be protected, and our moderation and justice approved by the whole civilized world. ah mis may appear wen in tneory. uut in prac tice, it would prepare sad disappointment for the projectors. It would impose upon us all the burdens, without the advantages, of a conquest. It would nourish and cherish the hatred of the Mexican rabble. of priests, officers and leperos, against every thing North American. It would continually afford a platform to European intrigue, to stimulate Mexican rancor against American military occupation. Our own project, long since proclaimed, is the entire conquest of Mexico, its occupation by fifty thousand men at Mexican expense, its rule under territorial governmentsytill all its political and social abuses are reformed, the habits and opinions, laws, and even language of its population are changed, and it be prepared, though slowly, for admission to our con federacy. The Courier s project is founded upon an assumption entirely inadmissible in our political ethics, the present capacity of the Mexican population for selfgovernment. How long would they keep the constitution of 1S24, restored by our government, and guarantied by our army! Till the next revolution! No longer. Among the Mexican population, the Indians, about two fifths of the whole, almost exclusively agricultural, arc about as intelligent as their cattle, and yet very quiet and submissive. Next are the mixture of Whites and Indians, an ignorant, debased, profligate, disorderly population,, the instruments of the military in making revolutions. Yet they are intelligent, and under a good government. strongly enforced, could be gradually trained to a fax. batter moral condition. The next are the Creoles, or descendetits of Europeans, the actual rulers in Church and State, and the actual tyrants of Mexico. If the constitution of 1321 were thus established, and guarantied by an American army in Mexico, the. Creole tyrants would get up a revolution and separation in some other State, or in several other States. And then would come a civil war. If our army in Mexico remained inactive, it would invite attack from the insurgents. If it supported the government, our own government would at once be involved in the war, and we should be compelled to conquer Mexico again. Never, under self-government, will the Creole aristocracy of Mexico permit ito remain at peace ; and while this aristocracy remains with the least power, the mixed breeds will continue to be disorderly instruments of mischief. Under such circumstances, what would be the chances for schools, education, religious liberty, development of resources! In the midst of all these disorders, where would be European diplomacy! Pointing to our government as their source, pointing to our army as a badge of Mexican disgrace, pointing to monarchy under European guaranty, as the only source of quiet and security. We foresee all this as plainly as we see the sun at noon-day. And even if Mexico could be restored and redeemed through this American guaranty, what would be the end ! The creation, not of a sister republic and grateful ally, but of a powerful and jealous rival, against which we should be compelled to force with an expensive standing army. Pa. Ledger. Gen. Quitman's Views. Now that the fighting is over in Mexico, the officers, who with the aid of their brave and scantily paid soldiers have contributed to the success which from the brightest page in our country's history, are returning to reap the honors so justly their due, and give to their countrymen the benefit of their experience towards solving the question "what shall we do with Mexico 1" Gen. Quitman is one of the distinguished persons who have lately given the public the benefit of their views upon this question. . lie prooses three modes of further prosecuting the war. One, to increase our force to fifty thousand men, and overrun the whole country, garrison every State capital, and garrison every considerable city. The second, to withdraw our armies from the country, and take up, the proposed defensive line. The third to occupy the line, or certain points in it, and also to hold, not only the line and the ports, but the capital, preserving an open communication with the gulf. The last he considers to be the true policy of the country, the fint being too expensive, and the second would protract the war indefinitely. The last is farced upon us. I d- . uen. gunman says "If we abandon the capital of Mexico, in thirty days after the army of officers and office-holders (empleos) now driven from the hive, will return and re-establish a central military government, whose bond of union would be preserved by our presence upon the frontier. They would keep alive this distant war on the frontier from choice, force us into the necessity of keeping up strong garrisons from the mouth of the Rio Grande to the Pacific ; because, from the centre, they could strike a blow upon any part of the line before it could be reinforced. They would move on a semidiameter, while our operations would be on the circumference. If, on the other hand, the 20,000 disbanded officers, the military aristocracy of the country, should not be able to establish a government, the country would be left in a state of absolute anarchy upon our withdrawal, and would soon be wasted, plundered and depopulated. It would become derelict, and would.be seized as a waif, by someEuropean power. "On the other hand, with 10,000 men, we can hold this capital and Vera Cruz, and keep open a safe communication between the two points. Possessing the heart, there could be no sufficient force concentrated to annoy us upon the frontier line we might choose to occupy. The expense would be less to hold this pa'ant and the frontier line, than to occupy the latter and leave this as rallying point for the enemy. I mean to say it would require lees men and less money, and would be attended with less diCiculty and risk, to keep this capital and seaports, as a part of the policy

of the defensive line, than to adopt the latter exclusively. 44 But by holding on to the seaports and the capital, and by keeping open the communication between them, a large portion of the expensea of this mode of prosecuting the war, would be drawn, by very simple means from the country. The duties on imports into Vers, Cruz, during the month of August, with tho very restricted internal commerce which then existed, amounted to $00,000. I do not hesitate to say, it will this winter amount to three times that sum Der month. If

then, we lay but half the duty on the exportation of bullion and Üie precious metals, existing under the Mesican government, we may readily anticipate, from these sources alone, an income of $3,000,000 per annum. Let foreign good' be b-ought to this capital under our low system of duties, and we should soon obtain a moral conquest over this country which would brin us peace unless, inuepa, it snuiil produce so violent a friendship for our institutions and government that we would be unable to shake off our anualilt ni bors a contingency, I assure you, n t unlikely to ov cur. What then ! Why the "old hunfcf r" will iiy, as he has sung since the first now State w nd:ni;:r-i as he said when Louisiana and Florid i rr t.u. chased, and latterly Vhen Texas was anuxd. tiiat ihe union is in danger, the countrv Will be ru.ncd, &,c. &.C. Corretpondence of the Public Ledger. Among the arguments used by those of the whig party who have advocated the giving up to Mexico of all the country west of the Nueces, it has been stated that the principal portion of the lands between that river and the Rio Grande, was a barren, worthless desert. This is not the case. A very great por tion of the country between those rivers is very fer tile. Those used to the Kentucky bottoms, and to the rich land of the Western States and of Pennsylvania, comparing them with the lands in the southern cli mates, condemn the latter. They do not appreciate the difference in the climate, its effect upon all vegetable production, and do not reflect that if the rich western country land were in such southern climate, they would be so unhealthy as to be unfit for cultivation. What wo'ild north of 35 be regarded as poor pine barren, south of 31 is the most desirable land ;' because readily cleared, at email expense, easily cultivated. and generally healthy. I learn that Gen. Z. Taylor. who is well known as a practical planter, recently paid $"20,000 for a Mexican grant of eleven leagues, (about 4,(100 acres of land,) between the Nueces and the Rio Grande; and I am satisfied that most of the land called 'Herres Calientes, on the other side of the Rio Grande, down to the Sierra Madre is susceptible of profitable cultivation. - As to the want of water. aim me supposeu necessity tor ariinciai irrigation, 11 is known that the Mexicans complained of the' lands in Texas now planted profitably by our southern and western farmers, as subject to the same drawback. This objection seems now to be considered as wholly without foundation. Oregon. Document from the Department of Slate Accompanying the Message. Department of State, Washington City, March i, 1S47.J Sir : On the eve of your departure for Oregon, the President has. instructed me to communicate to you his views in regard to that territory, so that you may make them known to its inhabitant. He deems you a suitable agent for this purpose, as you are now an officer of the United States, having been commissioned Deputy Postmaster at Astoria. The President deeply regrets that Congress did not, at their late session, enact a law establishing a territorial government in Oregon. A bill for this purpose passed the House of Representatives on the 16th of January last, by a vote of 133 to 35. It failed in the Senate, not, as I am firmly convinced, from any want of disposition on the part of the majority to provide a government for that interesting portion of the Republic; but because other urgent and important business connected with the Mexican war did not allow the necessary time, before the close of their short session, to discuss and perfect its details. For this reason alone it was laid upon the table on the day Congress finally adjourned. It is the intention of the President, in his message to Congress in December next, to reiterate the recommendations in regard to Oregon contained in his last annual message. No doubt is entertained that ConMl.. - l J A .1 . gress-win, ai'an eariy penua arier ineir meeting, create a territorial government for Oregon ; extend over it our laws relating to trade and intercourse with the Indian tribes; establish custorrt-houses ; and make liberal grants of land to those bol-i and patriotic pioneers who, amidst great privations and dangers, have established their settlements upon the sil. An earnest of this is afforded b) the recei.t act carrying into efTect the recommendations of Ibe President so far as regards the extension of our Pot-otTice laws and the grant of mail facilities to our fellowcitizens in Oregon. This will appear from a certified copy, now furnished to you, of part of the firtt sec tion, and of the second, sixth, and seventh sections of the act, approved 3d March, 1317, " to establish certain post routes and for other purposes." I am an- -thorized by the Postmaster General to assure you that all the provisions contained in these sections will be carried into effect with as little delay as possible. Thus you will perceive that the means have alrea dy been provided, for the conveyance of public infor mation aud private correspondence amongst our citi zens in Uregon themselves, and between them and the citizens of our States and territories east of the Rocky Mountains. Besides, the late Congress, at their first session, by the act of 19th May, 1340, provided for raising a" regiment of mounted riflemen for the express purpose of affording a secure passage through the intervening " Indian territory to emigrants on their way to Oregon, and for the establishment of military posls along the route for their protection. The people of Oregon may rest assured that the Government and people of the United States will never abandon them, or prove unmindful of their weh fare. We have given a sufficient pledge of this determination by the zeal and firmness with which," throughout a quarter of a century, our just right to that territory was steadfastly maintained against the claims of Great Britain, until at last the question was finally adjusted between the two rowers by the treaty of June, 1340. That treaty has secured to us the whole territory on the continent south of the parallel of 40, and this we shall never abandon. We feel the deepest interest in the prosperity of the people of Oregon. Their brethren on this side of the Rocky mountains regard therr. with affection and with hope. We can perceive, in the not distant fu ture, one or more glorious States of this Confederacy springing into existence on the shores of the Northern Pacific States composed of our own kindred of a people speaking our own language, governed by institutions similar to uiose winch secure our own happiness, and extending the blessings of religion, liberty, and law over that vast region. Their commerce and intercourse with the other States of the Union will confer mutual benefits on all parties con cerned, and will bind them to us, and us to them, in bonds ot reciprocal interest and affection more durable than adamant. Science has discovered, and enterprise is now fast establishing means of intercommunication to rapid that at no distant day a journey from New York to Oregon will be accomplished in less time than was once employed in travelling from that city to New a a? .i. urieans, ana important news will be communicated by telegraph with the velocity of lightning. Their foreign commerce with the west coast of America. wun Asia ana me isies oi me racinc, will sail under the protection of our common flag, and cannot fail to bear back wealth in abundance to their shores. In the mean time, we ßhall watch over their growth with parental care. The President will direct our vessels of war to visit their ports and harbors as often as practicable, end to afford them all the protection which they may require: and Congress, I doubt not, will at this next session provide for them a territorial government suited to meir wishes and their wants. Yours, very respectfully, JAMES BUCHANAN, ' t Secretary of Stale. To John M. Shivelt, Esq., Appointed Deputy Postmaster at Astoria, Oregon Territory. SouTn Carolina Electors. The bill to Pitf Ik a election of Presidential electors to the people, reivtled in the Legislature of bouth Carolina, ha b(-n deIrealed in the benate. This w.ll compel an extra section of the Legislature to cast its electoral vole, u ou the one day appointed by the law of Congress.

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