Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 7, Number 19, Indianapolis, Marion County, 4 November 1847 — Page 1

IPI V.Ml'QLIS, OCTOllEI. 30, IS 17. To Correspondents. H.J. c, Lafayette. Will attend to jour request, ihould we learn any tLing in the premise. Railroad and Common Roads. Having lately travelled over several hundred milea of railroad from West to East and back, coin over

many of the most important eastern lines two orjr) three times, and paying some attention to their con-1 1 Sirucuon and management, chiefly for the benefit of." our people at home, our readers will pardon us if we' occasionally jive them our notions on the subject. They may be somewhat bored by the desultory character of our observations ; but as most people dis'ike to read long essays, that dislike must suggest any apology which might otherwise be proper on our part. One fact struck our minds with some force, while stopping a day or two in the interior of Massachusetts along the I.ne of railroad from Springfield to Eoston, and that was, the zeal and industry with which the people were making new common roads leading from towns in the neighborhood of the railroad. The country is already intersected by so many roads as to give it somewhat the aspect of a checkerboard ; nevertheless, where a mile or two in distance can be gained, or a better road secured by a new route, it ii immediately made. This is done too, at the expense of the towns or townships immediately interested, and that is not small, for many of the roads are made in the very best and most permanent manner, and arc quite equal, when completed, to ordinary .Macadamized turnpikes. The expense is defrayed by taxation of the inhabitants of the towns, voted hy the majority, uuder a statutory provision. It is in soma iustauces very heavy; but the people stand it and willingly pay twenty to forty cents on the hundred dollars additional taxes with the certainty of getting it back in the way of improvement in the roads, and the consequent facility and comparative ease and cheapness of communication. Our people just now are very zealous in favor of more railroads, especially in this neighborhood, where nearly all are astonished at the remarkable effects produced by the recent completion of the Madison and Indianapolis line. That is all right. We need more railroads, especially 6ome eligible outlet northtcardly, so that we can reach ev York next year, by way of the New York and Erie railroad, in three days. The country too, from here westward, through Illinois to St. Louis, needs, and will pay well for a road. W e must iu time also have a direct eastern route, cither to Cincinnati, Wheeling or Pittsburgh. Within ten years, every one of the lines here indicated, will be built. But that consummation will be lelayed or hastened just in proportion as we divide or concentrate our efforts ia their favor. We need not say that we believe in well digested plans and united concentrated effort. This is the more necessary, because we have no surplus capital, and because what little wc have must needs be kept in active business to be productive. Every man of enlarged views and wlio understands any thing of the philosophy of business, must be satisfied on a moment's reflection, that if we can secure the construction of the main stems, lateral and collateral branches of roads will be sure to follow wherever they may be needed. Ujon this principle all the railroads of New England have been constructed, though perhaps no system was originally propounded. It is the simple principle of common interest, common prudence, and common seiisc. If these principles had been applied in the case of the Madison and Indianapolis railroad, it would have been completed years ago ; and instead of being a burden to the State, an:! literally begging its way along, would have brought to the pockets of our people hundreds of thousands of dollars. Nor is that road, and the causes which delayed its completion so long that almost every body finally lost all faith in its completion, until it ultimately reached us, and then were as much astonished as Hip Van Winkle is supposed to have been at the appearance of the first steamboat on the Hudson, nor is this road, we say, the only example of capital and energy ill-applied. A few years ago, for instance, a charter was procured from the Ohio legislature, to build the Mad river railroad from Sandusky to Dayton. They dallied away their time and limited means for awhile, unable to complete the work, and many despaired of its completion. Meantime, another work, the Miami railroad was projected, from Cincinnati to Xenia, we believe. It was profitable, and pushed itself along v until it reached Springfield. The managers of the Mad river road, having no other alternative, changed their original scheme, and instead of trying to carry their road to Dayton, altered the line so aa to meet and intersect the Miami road c. Springfield, which is to be at last done by eastern capital. Dayton, therefore, one of the' finest aud most enterprising towns in the West neither has the advantages of the road, nor can give to it the benefits of its own increasing trade. Would it not have been far better in the beginning to liavc united the capital and enterprise of Cincinnati,' Dayton and northern Ohio in a road starting from Cincinnati, and going north through Dayton 1 If that had been done, it would have been comparatively easy for us to have made a connexion with them at Dayton, whence we should have had a northern and southern route eastward. It is comprehensive ideas of this kind, which we wish to inculcate, because we believe that they will lead to results best for all concerned, no matter who or where they may be, nor the peculiar character of the interests they may have at stake. " Lut we are unconsciously occupying too much space about railroads here. Ye meant when we began merely to write a dozen lines or so, urging the propriety and indeed the necessity of not neglecting the great common road interest in our renewed zeal for . railroads. These the true interests of the great body of the people require as much as they do railroads. If they cannot suffer direct aud general taxation for the purpose, some judicious and well-digested general law for the establishment of turnpike companies, would perhaps be the next best thing to be done. We hope thai some one, better versed in the details of such matters than we are, will take this subject into consideration, and give the people some in struction upon it. fj-The whig papers are quoting the false statement of the Louisville Journal, that Lynn Boyd's dis trict, in Kentucky, furnished no company for the two regiments of volunteers under the late requisition. That district, says the Louisville Democrat, furnished two companies, that were accepted, and are now in camp at Smithland, besides four or five other compa nies that were not accepted. The editor of the Jour nal has known, for several days, that the statement he made is false, but yet has not made the correction Geot.oia Election. The Macon Telegraph says: Parties in the Legislature are closely balanced too closely for the comfort of cither party there being two or three members returned, about which there is great doubt with which party they will act probably not uniformly with either on questions of a. strictly party character. (C-Defpatches have been received in Washington from Commodore Diddle, dated on board the line-of-battle ship Columbus, on the 10th of April last, giving an account of the seizure by the squadron, of a British merchant vessel, of light tonnage, freighted with merchandise for aa English merchant resident in Mexico.

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i p i 1 rp, , UÜiiIlCtl CVCIT 1 lllirSlIaV. 0-The demonstrations in favor of Gen. Taylor, for the Presidency increase in all prtrtsif the country. f V- M. T- . -!-- I -..1 iu iii-iiiu, iniut-swe, lveniuCKV, i euusY iv am i, Maryland and many other States, various public meeting.- have lately been held expressing the people's preference for the old hero over all o:hcr candidates, So far as any demonstration has been made, it is certain that Uen. Taylor is far the most prominent ani.-ng the whig candidates for the otSce of President. And , r , , , , , , . we need scarcely add our deep seated convict ions tliat he is the only man we could oppose to a locofoco nornination who v ould make a clean sweep of the "political managers" that have used the power of the govcrnment to subserve their " vile purposes "even to. th e extension of the only public moral and political! it f !,;... ... .mni,;n.W. j..urni. fit. " evi .. . ......... .. 1 - I 03That is a curious paragraph, take it all round. It is curious for the belief expressed about the increase of the demonstrations" in favor of Gen. Taylor for the Presidency, while the contrary is believed to be the fact by every observing man. Why, we have travelled more than four thousand miles, over the most populous routes in the country, within the last two months, and did not see one man who talked as zealously about Gen. Taylor, as our neighbor docs. The truth is, the people on neither side are yet quite ready to be nose-led in favor of any man. Their at tention is occupied by events and not by men, and so will continue for the present, let the little squads of wire-pullers and office-seekers scheme and plot as they may. Rut the Journal makes a confession worthy of some note, when it admits its belief that Taylor is the only man the whigs can elect, if indeed they can elect anybody, which we do not believe. This belief accounts for the attitude of the Journal. It would prefer Corwin, or Webster, or any of the abolition-fede ralists to Taylor; but it confesses its belief that none but Taylor can be elected, and it supports him therefore in the firm conviction that through him alone can the whigs reach the " spoils." Suppose he should be elected, and should Tylerize them ! They would have the offices, at least, and that would be some con solation. Perhaps the most curious part of the Journal's paragraph is its concluding allusion " to the extension of the only public moral and political etil of which it complains." What can our neighbor mean by this! The " only etHV That means slavery, we suppose. But is that the only evil of which it complains against the present administration 1 It would seem so ; and if so, wc have some hopes yet of our neighbor's re- ." -II- - 11 1 turning reason, it is wining to suik an us oio issues, and to acknowledge that the democrats have been right as to the bank, tariff, sub-treasury, internal improvements, &x. &c. It will willingly give the cold shoulder to all these, and run with Gen. Taylor upon tiic new issue of no more territory," and con sequently of no further " extension of the only evil of which it complains!" Is not the Journal's position, as here developed, curious iudeed ! We think so. (7-We learn, by the last arrival from Mexico, that her women are calling for fire arms with which to repel the invaders of their soil in numbers greater than can be supplied. If this be true, it shows with what determination they intend defending their homes. How humiliating to American chivalry, to be compelled to meet m deadly conflict, an army thus composed, fighting for all that can be dear to them ! Indiana Journal, Oct. 22. The Journal lets no occasion slip which gives it a chance to lampoon, libel and disgrace our side, and to express its sympathy for the enemy. The women alluded to, were gulled and scared by the stories told by their knavish leaders, and by the paragraphs against our soldiers, which the Mexican papers copied from American whig journals. They have already discovered that they have been imposed upon ; and at the last accounts from the city of Mexico, those very women had thrown aside their fire-arms, and were promenading the streets upon the arms of our gallant soldiers. So the " chivalry " of the Journal need no longer feel " humiliation " for the dear women of 0 Mexico. Our soldiers will take better care of them than their louy husbands were ever able or willing to do. 07" Why don't the editors of the Journal, instead of merely talking in favor of the Mexicans in that paper, go to Mexico at once and enlist in Riley's foreign regiment! Riley unfortunately escaped hang ing on account of the early period of his desertion; and with the marks of the lashes on his back, would make an appropriate commander fur a regiment of Mexican whig editors. Gen. Scott's Fokce. The Washington Union con tains an official statement of the force composing, and on the way to join General Scott's column. The amount of reinforcements ordered upon that route since the 11th of July, is 17,801 men. Gen. Scott's present force, after deducting all his losses, is about 13,000; so that in thirty days inpre, the entire force upon the main line, will amount to over 20,000 effective troops. 07-The New York Journal of Commerce says If the democrats of this State do not get well whip ped at the approaching election, it will not be for the want of the proper means being used. The two factions are about equal in numbers, and in bitterness towards each other. Either is apparently more hos tile to the other than to their common enemy the whis. The Barnburners are to hold a Convention at 0 Herkimer on the 2Gth inst., to nominate State officers. &c, disavowing the nominations recently made.' A house divided against itself cannot stand. fjThe sweeping republican majority in Pennsyl vania surpasses our recent victory in any other State. It overwhelms all opposition. The Harusburgh Democratic Union of Wednesday last, reports Gov Shunk's majority over Irvin at 18,19-1, and one coua ty (Elk) yet to be heard from. CrThe "National Liberty Convention," recently held at Buffalo, nominated John P. Hale of New Hampshire for President of the United States, and Leicester King of Ohio for Vice President. It also passed a series of resolutions, re-aflirming the known views and principles of the Liberty party. Maine. The fifth trial to elect a representative in Augusta, came off on Monday week. Ruel Wiiv Li a is, the democratic candidate, was chosen by 1 majority of 291. The town was represented last year by a whig. ftr-The Providence Herald says that the whigs in Congress may doasthey did last year delay reinforcementa and supplies till the last moment of the session, but they dare not vote No on the question of sustaining our army in Mexico. We think so. 07-Albert J. Tirrel, the celebrated somnambulist, lately made an attempt to escape from the Massachusetts State Prison. Feigning sickness, he was sent to the hospital, from whence he endeavored to gain his liberty, by digging a passage out. lie was detected and remanded to his cell.

INDIANAPOLIS, NOVEMBER 4, 1847.

More Territory. Ti:e following extract of a letter from the Wash- , . - . T 1 m ,,,.. . l nJ.rSon "Cspodent of the Journal of Commerce, alludes to a deposition among the people at the east in favor of acquiring terrrilory from Mexico, a disposition which we happen to know, from recent personal oü,Crvation, is ahead of any manifestation which has ,, , . , ,' rr, i i turn vet been made in the west. Those whig leaders here, J . e who are endeavoring to ecade the issue of the iluut proviso, by raising the new cry tf ":io more territory," will very soon find that they have mnde a vvoful blunj, Thf, m;wrH'B ,.rtpxt" bv which thev are en- , . . .. .!." .1 1 . ea ot2 lü av0ld PW distraction among themselves, will Drove the certain cause of their defeat. We are a quite sure of this. The western people, it will be conceded, we think, are not generally unwilling to take California, and so much of New Mexico as will give us a good boundary on the Texan frontier, iu payment of our just claims against Mexico. But tr Ming as our people are to do this, they are not half as anxious for the acquisition of territory as our eastern brethren ate. This declaration may be regarded as strange and incorrect ; for the idea prevails everywhere very extensively, that we iu the west think of nothing else but an indefinite increase of territory. The truth is, that during a few days' stay in New York city, more solicitude was manifested iu favor of "more territory," than we have ever noticed among our people at home since the commencement of the war. This too, by whigs, by men of mind, cautious, careful, and far-seeing men. The fear was expressed freely to us, that our administration, in its ardent desire for peace, would not demand half territory enough ! It was urged upon us that the whig papers which opposed the war and the acquisition of territory, were not the true exponents of the whig party ; that the whig people were really in favor of the war, and would be disappointed and greatly offended if large acquisitions of territory were not made. It is undeniable that some of the whig papers do profess to support tiie war, and that the strongest opposition to it and the acquisition of territory comes from those papers which are most strongly imbued with the spirit of abolitionism. This is deemed necessary to secure the continued co-opt-ration of the abolition fanatics with the whig party proper. Before travelling east, we never heard a man seriously advocate tiie incorporation of the whole of Mexico into our Union; but we can assure our readers that we heard many a respectable man advocate such a measure at the cast, and we are equally sure that the idea is rapidly diffusing itself among the eastern people. A very short time will convince any who may suppose us to be.in error. For ourselves, under present circumstances, wc should be satisfied with California, and a boundary based upon tjic Sierra Madre chain of mountainr, which would give us the tchole of the valley of the Ptio Grande. This would be the best boundary, (if one is to be made at all,) between us and the Mexicans. The Bio Grande would never do; cs our people and the Mexicans would be involved, probably, in constant collision. A river boundary is the worst, and a mountain boundary the best, between different nations; for mountains alone can keep their people separate. The Mexican leaders have sense enough to know this, and that is one reason, no doubt, why thev propose to us the unnavigable Nueces and its desert. But no American, of course, will agree to that. But here is the extract we allude to. The concluding paragraph will doubtless prove a severe shock to the delicate nerves of our patriotic "no more territory" neighbor of the Journal : There is rising a party in this country in favor of acquiring more territory. If the indications of one age are the characteristics of the succeeding age, it is very certain that the love of new territory must be our leading characteristic at this time. At an early period iu our history a disposition to acquire territory was manifested. All the early charters of the original Provinces ruu from the Atlantic, &.c., to the "great Western ocean." It was thought then that this Western ocean was much nearer than it proved to be. We have been going gradually ever since towards that "great Western ocean." The Mississippi stopped us for a while, and there were some persons in this country who wished to make that river our permanent western boundary ; some indeed, sought to embarrass the navigation of that, with a view to prevent the growth of the western country. The acquisition of Louisiana, and of Florida, and tiie rapid settlement of the territorynorth-wcst of the Ohio were the prominent features in our progress, within the last forty years. No man, without looking back at the past, can form any idea of the rapidity which, in the future, our people will multiply, and the extent to which they will spread into new territory. They are pushing on, defying all obstacles, towards, and to, the Pacific. Tiie Mexican war will give them, perhaps, increased facilities for making new and distant settlements, which they will certainly avail them selves of. The "no territory" party will, at the polls, in this country, find just as little favor as an "Anti-New-World" party would. There are, even now, many persons who regret that Columbus discovered America, while such pleasant old cities remained in the old country to interest and amuse mankind. Mr. Clay once, in a speech in the Senate, told a story of a lady who would never forgive Columbus for discovering such an unfashionable place as America. But according to all that lean learn, the people of this country are eager f r more territory, and will have it. The late Siate elections go to show that they are not opx&ed to the war, nor to its objects, and tiie war seems to have been a leading issue iu Pennsylvania and Georgia. Mr. Webster on Annexation. We commend the following pointed declarations of Daniel Web ster, upon the right of the United States to annex Texas to their territory, to those whigs who have with 6uch vindictive bitterness, been denouncing annexation as a just cause of war, and the democratic President and party, as the authors of an unjust war, because they caused the annexation. They are just the positions which all along, we have assumed in this controversy. If the annexation of Texas was the cause of the war, as Mexico at first contended, and as Mr. W. still insists, and yet we had a right to annex, then this war cannot, on our part, be unjust. The extract is from Mr. Webster's late speech at Springfield, Massachusetts, as revised by himself. "I am no apologist for Mexico. 1 have a poor opinion of the Mexican government. I pity the people of the country, and should pity them the more if they knew the slate they were in. It is the worst governed of any country in the world that claims to be civilized. It has been for twenty years the prey of every military upstart, who had money enough to get up a miserable army. From 16, when was the battle of San Jacinto, to 19 1'2, Mexico had no authority over Texas, no just claim upon her territory. In 13il-2-'3f Texas was an independent government, so nominally, so practically, so recognised by our own and other governments. Mexico had no giiovnd OF COMPLAINT IS THE ANNEXATION OF TeX We are the party to complain we did not want Texas. But she did take offence; she persisted in claiming Texas as her province, long as it had been an independent territory, and broke off terms of amitv with our government, calling home her ministers, and kefuto receive ouß own. But this was not war very far from it."

Indiana University. The last mail brought us the "Seventeenth Annual Ci'cular of tiie University of Indiana, comprising the catalogue," See. By which we learn that the number of students in the several classes was 1G3, a number which evinces the prosperity of the institution. The circular contain som? other particulars of public interest which we sha.l hereafter note. By the same miil we also received a copy of the Baccalaureate, addressed to tiie students of the senior class, at the late commencement, by Andrew Wvlie, D. D.t the President of the University. We have hastily run over the pages of this address, and with more than ordinary interest, as it touche topics in that spirit of practical philosophy so uncommon in addresses of the kind, but mur-.h in accordance with our own ideas of propriety and usefulness. We should no?, perhaps, fully subscribe to every sentiment expressed in this addres-, nor have we time at this moment to specify points of difference: they are of secondary importance, however, and wc are quite willing to give our readers copious extracts, leaving them to the exercise of untrammeled judgement as to the doctrines and sentiments expressed. We select the conclusion of the address, because it applies to tiie circumstances in which the nation is now involved with Mexico, and upon which, it is important, in the highest degree, both with resject to our duty to God and man, that the people should have just perceptions of their duty. We regret that so good an afldress should be marred, as this is, by gross typographical blunders, and worse printing. Our extracts are as follows : Nobody now believes in "the divine right of kings." But in rejecting this dogma may we not run into another extreme not less dangerous! Is there nothing uiiine in human government Is its authority derived from the social compact, or only shaped and limited by it! The Bible teaches that God is the fountain whence all legitimate authority among mcti has been derived, and tbat it ought to be exercised according to that law, which, as Cicero hpeaks, is "not written but born,"' eternal and invariable, the supreme law of right and reason, iu which the Almighty Ruler of the Universe expressed his will, and in reference to which. Burke, iu his speech against Warren Hastings, uses this glowing language: "7 have arbitrary power! My lords, the East India Company, have not arbitrary power to give Inm; the King has no arbitrary power to give him ; your lordships have not; nor tiie commons; lior the whole legislature. We have no arbitrary power to give, because arbitra ry power is a thing which neither any man can hold nor any man can give. No man can lawfully govern himself according to his own will, much less can one person be governed by the will of another. We are all born in subjection, all bom equally, high and low, governors and governed ; in subjection to one great, immutable pre-existcut law, prior to all our devices, and prior to all our contrivances, paramount to all our ideas, and all our Sensation, antecedent to our very existence, by which we are knit and connected iu the eternal frame of the universe, out of which wc cannot stir." Young gentlemen, I advise you to remember what vou have here been taught 011 this momentous subiect, and, if you approve of it, to teach it, in your turn, to others. It is this, that government is to be regarded with reverence, I will say with a religious reverence, as being "ordained of God," to interpret and execute, to a certain extent the eternal law of righteousness. The subject has the right to interpret it also. The right is inalienable and cannot be surrendered. But here is the difference. The presumption of right is always on the side of the (Socernment: and the burden of proof to the contrary lies upon the subject. The subiect is bound to obey, unless he can show, that to obey the Government would be to transgress the Supreme law. That no authority can make lawful. Rather than that let death let all that human cruelty can inflict be endured. Let there be a temple to justice in yotr hearts, my young frie ids. Worship in it continually: and respect "the powers that bo," but not with blind reverence: respect them, but respect justice more. The voice that said, "Let there be light," said also, Let there be civil governments in the world to be for lights of salvation to men. When they do not answer this end, they become extinct; they perish; the Almighty in his wrath destroys them; they destroy themselves. Mankind naturally respect justice, and love peace ; and when a people, calling themselves a nation, are turbulent and restless, committing wrongs and violence among themselves and upon their neighbors, these neighbors say to them, and after due forbearance have a right to say to them, you are not a government but a lawless mob, and we will 6weep you off, as an intolerable nuisance, from the face of the earth. War is, indeed, the greatest of natural evils. But for government to suffer the claims of justice to be set aside by violence, would be something worse. It would be morally wrong. And, in a case where justice and expediency both require it, a nation rising in arms to vindicate its rights, as in the war of our Revolution, is a spectacle of moral grandeur, which is sometimes needed to keep alive and in its vigor a sense of justice in the minds of men. On some occasion the gallant Decatur offered a toast something like this: "Our country: In her transactions with foreign nations, may she always be in the right: but, Our country, right or wrong." Taking it altogether, the last clause being mitigated by the first, this toast was not unworthy the patriot and hero who offered it, and particularly becoming in him as an olUccr of the Navy. But though sailors nnd soldiers may be excused from judging of the justice of the acts and policy of the government, the citizens are not. But the toast has been spoiled : for convenience the first and purest part of it has been dropped, the last only having been adopted into use; rt Inch, taken alone, and by itself, expresses a sentiment fit only for the mouth of the abject slave of arbitrary power, who has no higher rule of action than the will of a master. But, "Our country, right or wrong," is a sentiment as adverse to patriotism as it is to justice. He best loves his country who is most anxious that she be always in the right, and does the most to effect this object, knowing that whenever, in her general course of policy, she plices herself in Opposition to rigiit, she is on the way to ruin. The citizens of this Union are placed under the most solemn responsibilities. Tue government is in their uwn hands, and they are bound to take care that its measures be just and right. That they may discharge this obligation, much knowledge and constant vigilance arc necessary. The obligation increases with our national growth, which is rapid beyond example. Since our beginning as a nation three fourths of a century have not, yet elapsed, ana we have already attained to a degree of greatness and power surpassed by but two or three of the oldest and most prosperous kingdoms of the world. Let justice fuide thii nation, and it will flourish and remain forever, and be a source of innumerable blessings to the huMiaii race. Let justice guide this nution, and when ever it strikes an enemy a moral f rce will attend the blow; and an approving world Heaven itself will say to the sufferers, 'Discite justitia moniti, et non contemnere divo." Though our history as a nation is yet short, we can appeal to it for signal proofs that il has been governed by a high sense of right, tempered by a wise moderation, in its intercourse with foreign powers. While yet in its infancy it struck, witli its little right arm. the Navy, a blow on the distant coast of the Mediterranean, which caused the piratical Barbary States to respect its rights. When, by the operation of the I rememter a rmieratlon which I once ImJ, before the lat war with tJHld, wiih a gentleman toward whom 1 tell grant reect and deference, on account of bit age and mural wnrlh. Tbnugu but a youth I ventured lo quextion Uie policy of JeflrTmin' Gun Uul iVHem. which lie wai advocating; and nid,uii might wut tuch a people a the Cliinete, bul would never do fur u, we um cheiinti lh Navy and build ma Ir igelet." uO yen," lie rrulii-d, yuu are a federalist 1 M-e , and yui would build frigile for Hits Kruian, who, yini well know, would tike them a fa -4. as we could build thm." I told Utni, "1 ibmijjhl nuL" llelivvd tuaee Aviaajt me Ikuunh took our big-atti.

v Volume VII Number 19. British Orders in Council, and the Berlin and Milan Decrees of Napoleon, its commerce was plundered, its ships burnt, and its sailors dragged away from beneath its insulted 1lag, it unsheathed the sword against one of the mighty billigerants ; and, after a 6hort contest, in whii'ii its navy, small though it was, sustained itself not insloriouhly against the proud Mistress of the Ocean, it gained an honorable peace; and presented by patient negotiation, its justclaimsagatnst the other till it obtained what it sought reparation. It gained Louisiana by purchase, in circumstauces in which there is not one of the Great Feudal Powers of Europe that would uot have taken it by conquest. In its treatment of the Indian tribes it lias been, in its general course of policy, not only just, but generous and magnanimous. It annexed Texas ; not rashly aud inconsiderately, nor until it became, ill fact as well as in right, indepci.dent. Two questions of boundary between it and Great Britain, have been ami. -ally adjusted, in a manner highly honorable to both. And, may we not hope that the same regard to justice aud moderation which has characterized our government hitherto, may, by the blessing of God upon our national counsels, extricate us from the difficulties in which we are at present involved! On this subject, and on the subject of your duties as citizens generally, I have two remarks to make two extremes to point out, which are with a scrupulous and religious care to be avoided. The first is, that line of conduct which it needs not many words to describe, since, from the time of Washington down to the present, it has been pretty strongly drawn, in the practice of such, as beinjr out of power, seek to get in, by saying all manner of evil against "the President of the United States and all others in authority." "Thou shalt not speak evil of the ruler of thy people," is a rule, which like other general rules, has its exceptions ; but let it be remembered that, in the case of an exception, the burden of proof rests upon the suljtct. And if there is a seat of authority o;i earth, w hich, more than any other, demands that tiie exception be clearly made out, it is the Chair of State of the Chief Magistrate of this Union; for, surely, the difficulties which beset it, especially in tiniHs like the present must be very great. The opposite extreme has been already pointed out, in the course of the preceding remarks. It is pro per here to state it more briefly. It is that view of government which makes its authority paramount, binding, in all cases, the subject. This is arbitrary government. I do not any that it is to be banished altogether from the face of the earth. The common soldier and smlor are of necessity placed under it. But the citizen never. It is his privilege and most solemn duty, in certain cases, to be "fully persuaded in his own mind," that what the government commands is in itself ri:ht, before he will obev. In settling this question let him consider well how much he owes to government, w hich is indeed not a little;

o. u... j.oucy, j.-iu piuiuut- better, tio, then, to the employments in lite which dience- this much let him "render to Ciesar." But, yuu niay ci10Ofe; be diligent in them; and, in all when ordered to do what is morally wrong, let him your COI1juctt be governed by pure sentiments of piepause and think of an authority superior to that of t tended w ith sound morals and adorned with Ciesar, a tribunal to which Cajsar himself is respon- courteous manners. Let your care be to know and sible. But what if Cajsar should undertake to compel your illly j,, au il8 exlcill .j ieave it l0 Divine him! poiccr can c-nnpel him to do any wrong j providence to dispose of your interests. In this brief thing. Cajsar may imprison him; confiscate his 1 KOUtfnrc I lmvp snmm.M m ...v iiartin counsel to vou.

goods; put him to death; but the Bible gives lm wherewith to arm himself against such danger, bv showing him a jrreater: "Fear not them that kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul : hut rather lear Una w hich is abie to destroy botn body and souli in hell. ' I am not speaking of the present war; for, necording to the Law of Nation, I think it just. What I am pleading for is the right inherent in every citizen ! t enquiring, thinking, judging, on all moral queslions. Phis the religion of Common Sense requires of every one. Iu the estimation of every man who deserves to be free, this is the dearest of all rigiits. The military spirit which is too little influenced by moral considerations, and, which is the life and soul of the Feudal Governments of Europe, has deprived the people of that continent of this right, and for this they are doomed to perish. The marks of decay are visible on them all. . Ills hace this ri:ht. Our GovTaley said (playfully) that he could not afford to keep a conscience, though a conscience, such as could r i .i .1-. . e i l o i feed in the utilitarian pastures of his philosophy, one 1 1 .. , ii. . i : .i i would think, cou'd not cost much in the keeping. !'. t i , i , ,i ; , , . q- 1 . i ' Lut, I trust, that tiiis great nation can anord to keep a , i c i .. u j .i . conscience, and one also of a better breed, one that is I . l . l . . . tint under the voko of "draw iniquity w ith one that cannot be so tamed as any power it will consent to cords of vanity, and tiu as it were with a cart rope." , r , J.1 I'll , ii But if not if the same cause which has trodden .i j ..i iu r.i l f,t ii i in the dust the liberties of the people ot the old world, e .i l . -.Iii r i .i if the military spirit should ever so far change the state of things with us as to realize the fable of "The hri'i i.i . - e . orsc, lhcnian and the stag," in our future expert- . . i I I I e .1 p ii1! it it shnti M hpi'orn. i inorprniu tor th iimcp. ful citizens to entertain, or be suspected of entertaining, opinions al variance wifh those of the dominant party, then indeed, so far as government is concern , .. 0 , ed, there will be no further occasion to discuss moral questions we shall become a nation, like the Turks, made up ot tyrants and slaves: and, after that.it will matter little w hat may become of us. What then are the interests of the nation! A christianized conscience replies: "Righteousness cxulietb a nation." Let us then enquire what is meant by this righteous ness which exalteth a na ion. It includes, first, Punii,v. T,ki;.o rto it ,.1,1 it l, t.vril r a ti.o Sacred Scriptures and Common Sense say that it should, "for a terror to evil-doers and a praise to such as do well." Take from rectoral Justice her sword, leaving only her bandages and her scales, aud what is she ! A phantom, a mockery, a thing to be hooted at, ppit upon, torn nnd trampled underfoot. fV.. ...... I' . . , hi . . r.1 fl.o Srr, n1 i anc hihi uui liULiiriiui iiiii aiu'na uiiu iiic Thunderbolt, leaving ,ly the Olive-branch, and-it might please the Non-res,stants, but it would be an emblem of nothing ever G nl Almighty made to represent his authority among men. Such a thing is not from Heaven ; and can do no good on earth. Iteminates not, I say, from Him of whom the Psalmist thus p.ously sings, Justice and Judgment are the Habitation of thy Tliront : Mercy and Truth shall go before thy face." And I say, furiimi, that it can do no good on earth. Tiie authority which is not a terror to evil-doers is indeed a mockery, but not a mere mockery, it becomes in the working of social interests, a positive evil ; and iti whatever sphere it is exercised, from the domestic circle up to the throne of empire, it reverses the maxim 1 have quoted, and becomes, in fact, a terror to such os do well and a praise to evildoers: it leaves the limb to the mercy of the wolf it turns the Temple of God into a den of thieves. It is, in short, a thing not to bo tolerated in the world. Ihe only thing good about it is, that it cannot last. Nature disovjs the monster, and it dies in Us own weakness. So far us justice i; concerned, so faras the Jaw of nations goes, if I may be allowed to illustrate the foregoii.g remarks by applying them to the instance of the present war there can be little doubt that our Government is in the right. This satisfies the politician, who seldom thinks of anything higher than the law of nations; j:ist as the duelist justifies himself by the law of the public opinion. lut there is a higher and more perfect law than either of these, which we hope and pray, may supersede them both : and we most earnestly desire that blessed day may soon come: and we owe it to 'Heaven's all-ruling Sire," to our country and posterity, to Jj what we can to hauten its approach : and thinking and feeli:i" thus, we are not content to rest the question here. That other law is in that Great Law took the Bible, which teaches that Ihe government of God owcr man is the model for Ciil Kulers, whom for this reason, it dignifies with the title of gods. Let us then look aain at the passage already quoted from this law book : "Justice and Judgment are the habitation of thy throne : Mercy and Truth shall go before thy face" Mercy aud truth Mercy and truth shall go

prtillli'tif ie built nrviri it It ia tlip intirpst or nn

. j I r j Ti . 4 ' l parties ; me wnoie country swarms wuuinese. government to maintain and defend it. Phe interest ' L . y. J ... , e , ac . .1 .1 1 i Ihe features of the country favor Has mode of atof our government, in this, as 111 every thing else, is I , , . . . , , 3 , , . , ,i . ;i , i ... ,i ,i n . , r .i -1 tack, being covred with dense and luxuriant under lie same as ours, identical with the interest of the i , , j , . ,, ., i i .p. r,. ; growth, intersected with deep ravines and narro' people, the whole people. Ihis is our giory. " .i i i p..t .. t.-t .., ,i L ;.,,ö,....tt passes. Ihe march of a large force through such a

Lefore thy face. Yes ! The Prophecy has Leon fulfilled, and continues to be fulfilled, from age to age, to all people, to every nation, aud to every m&u. Mercy and Truth ! Heralds of the Eternal ! radiant with his glory, this guilty world directing its anxi-

itrw7 breathing love, Truth vouching the message' j w riicii ye orougiit irotn the I lirone on ingn, eace on earth, good will towards men." "be wise now, therefore, O ye kins ; be instructed ye judges of the earth." "Serve the Lord w ith and fear, rejoice with trembling. Kiss the Son leU he be angry aud ye perish from the way." The Rulers of nations must. In their administration of affairs, hav a regard to mercy, then. But in the prim visage of war there is no sign of mercy, either f t friend or foe. Both wither and melt away in his fiery breath. Both, "iti ouo red burial bleut," form the offering to his shrine. Both cut short the terra of their probation at his merciless command. But the time for mercy is before war. War is the Judgment; True, indeed. es:soitis. Then, all that can fairly be demanded in any case, isthat the claims of mercy be exhausted, before an appeal to arms be made. This demand the people have a right to make, and they w ill make it, ami they uiuk it now, trot in the heat and jealousy of party feeling, but iu the spirit of freemen, and yet with a patriotic sympathy iu f'aver of their own poverument cool, calm, serious and earnest. The people ask, and they have a right to be informed, whether as much care has been taken to avoid a rupture with a w eak distracted sister republic, as was t.ikeii to avoid one, iu the case of a powerful monarchy. Even bereit is but reasonable to make allowance in favor of our Government, on one account, which may be set forth more briefly in figure than otherw iso. Young gentlemen, the Lion is more tractable than the Cur; and knows better how to deal with him. The wifiit annoys you in many ways, darting out at you from his covert, running after you and biting your heels: and, then, should he be mad, the consequence would be terrible to think of. But the lion, ' the British lion at any rate, npver was know n to have the hydrophobia. Lord Ashburtou brought him over lately to Washington: and the roynl brute behaved himself remarkably well, very differently, indeed, from his manner when rampart thereabouts, some thirty years before. On this occasion he was gentle as a lumb; lay along on the carpet of the White House; and even the ladies Fported with his mane and patted his huge sides with their pretty palms. Once, indeed, when "fifty-four, forty !" was shouted in the Capitol, and there was something said about annexing Canada in another war, he raised himself a little, opened his mouth wide enough to show the "chasm' odonton," and stretched out a paw some thought he even growled. But his keeper being asked what it meant, said it was only a coincidence, or, at worst, he was but yawning. There was no difficulty with him at all, and he went quickly home to ht-lc opium. But the wiffit or, worse, a ck of wiffits one can hardly say how they should be treated what to do with them. Ordinarily it is not worth while to mind them : but then if one is forced to it, the best way is to do the work effectually, break up the kennel and hang the last cur. Young gentlemen: You will leave this seat of learning shortly with our best wishes ond players for your welfare. You cannot command what is commonly understood by success in hie. But, with the help of God, you can live virtuously, wliich is j my dear yoon" friends. Tiie latter "part of it isso I finely et forth in a short extract from "Luther's Ta ble Talk," that I shall quote it in conclusion. One evening he saw a bird sitting on a tree. "Th'? Üttle bird 6aid jiet ..js taken his evening meal, a.;d here jje wjjj j.iWp i 8afety. He troubles himself not ; he careä nut fdr n,e ,norr0w; just as David, speaks of the man w ho dwelt under the shadow of the Almightv, ie 6j,s contentedly upon his twig, and lets God care for nm Adieu. From MexicoCorrespondence of the Statt Sentinel. National Buidge, Mexico, 2-ltlijSept., 1817. Sir General Lane's brigade has proceeded this far en route to the capital of Mexico. His entire force, about three thousand men, which with the necessary train of wagons, forms a line of over two miles. 1- ! ry little opposition yet, except ambuscades and gueri t4C1 V ieA,tu' u ,f "uu" '"f"-'. lnes 1 "'J,be impracticable. Iron, indications , not to be mistaken. General Lane lias reasoii to ex- . . ' , , , e , pect an attack at or near Cerro Gordo ; lie also louna .'. , , . , ,r 'r it necessary to send back to Veratruz for some more , ,. . , , r .. , ' wagons, and an additional supply ot ammunition. In , . , , . ' ' J , r i 1 1 the mean lime he resolves to proceed, and divided hi : i : : . - ....... ;.. t. Lrloae l',e following order : five companies of the ! 4th Indiana regiment, to-wit : A. B. C, D and E. the - . - e ', .... ... ,, fantry, four pieces of arti ery, wit h the necessary L . v .. . . .' , ,r,J 1 tram of wagons, in all about two thousand men. J lie . , - ' , . , ... r . UTiii ;cc ot ii c ui iizuutr, coiisis.iu ui mc nun uhhc . . , T r . . . c " it i it i ' . ? ' . , ".- - ; aiu. oiminous a uauaiioii, vuiu. s uihimwmis, . . " " . - i niiu iiiu nam CAiiecieu iioin iiia vi ui. in on oifui . ' eight hundred men, under the command of .Major W. W. McCoy. Should any fighting take place, which is very likely, the major will have an opportunity of adding a laurel to the civic wreath that now so worthily adorns his brow. The second day of our m;rcli from Yera Cruz an attack of lancers was made on our front. The Texan Rangers who led the van. attended to their cases killed seven, the balance ran off. I remarked the coolness, courage and self-poswssloa depicted in Major. McCoy's countenance, as galloping along the line he formed the square "to receive lancers," tvjj exclaimed, "Now, my brave boys, show yourselves men." It so happened that our preparalion was useless lor mai nine, next, uy u.-:!, Lieut. Cline, of the Louisiana dragoons, was shot through the head, by an ambuscade he died instantly; his company then forming the rearguard. No positive information from General Scott, except that a "rcat deal of hard fiffhting had been donethat the ' enemy invariably got badly w hipped. What the effect . -. - ui.. .i ri: - " . . - ..j , .1 r I ! of these repeated whipping t .ill 1 upon the feelings ' (her physical or moral) of the Mexican ,op,e predNnositiT them to peace. I cannot even conjectui time will show ; 'tis a difficult problem to solve, and General Lane and Iiis brigade will likely have an opportunity of "working ii out." Your friend nnd 3 KEIORTEK IN MEXICO. Fifth Regiment. The election -f field officers took place on the JJd inst. James H. Lane, uf course, was elected Colonel. We learn from the Madisun Courier that Capt. Allen May, of the Montgomery Boys, was elected Lieut. Col., and Mr. Myers Major. Major G;n. Buttler h.is issued a general order, from which we make the follow ing extracts : The 3th Indiana, Colonel Lane, w ill embark al Madison on the 31st inst.. with thirty-ve days' rations, ard ou reaching Louisville, draw its arms and accou trements, and any camp equipage that may be lacking, from the depot at that place. On reaching Iew Orleans, the superior officer on each boat will report his arrival to the chief of Ihe quartermaster's department at that place, who will turnish the vessels necessary lor crossing the uulf. and designate the place at w hich ihe troops aud stores will be transhipped. If practicable, no portions t-f the troops will be landed before reaching Vera Cruz; but should it become necessary, they will under no circumstances be permitted to einer the city of New Orleans. So soon a the transhipment is completed, each vessel will proceed direct to Vera Cruz w ithout further orders, and the superior o3ker will report to the commanding officer at the place, and receive his orders for the time being, should the commanding General not have arrived. Y. A. Democrat, Oct. 3. A Vetera. John Van Hoozer, now livin in Sullivan county, Tenn., is 114 years of age, and has voted at every Presidential election that has been held in the United States. patent has been taken out for dispensing with sewing in the manufacture of ehirts, collars and linen articles. The pieces arc fastened together by indissoluble glue.