Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 6, Number 35, Indianapolis, Marion County, 18 February 1847 — Page 2

ffnMana Stale ffmtiniL AVCEIiXY . EDITION. tTCSHAL VICILA5CE IS THK ICE OF LIBEBTY. iymA3fArons rc. is, . Our Tcrnls. Theio'Iowing w,ll hereafter be the permanent terms of the Weekly Indiana Slate Sentinel: Payments to bo made always in advance. Oae copy, one year, . $2.00 Three copies, one var, i 5X0

Five copies, one year. 8.00 , Ten copies, one year, 15.00 Semi -Weekly. (Published three times a week during the session.) One copy, .... ; ... 5 1.00 Three copies, jJIO.CO Dne copy during the session, 1.00 Three or more copies, each ;.... 75 , . To Correspondents 'A. S. A., tlorgantown. W cannot comply with your rcqu'tt, ti you m.ll perceire by a notice in the U-t wcek'y. We came near . not getting your letter, the pottage being unpaid. A. J-, Cclumbai. We know of none at tkii tin. In (act, left is probably said on the subject now than at any former period. We occasionally think we tee Jttt " sticking; out," but not sutflciently . plain to make a letter on the subject. Hare had a bite 1 i. H-, NorthfidiL That pocket book has been identified, and handed to the owner. Ton had better airrrtise youn particularly, and g-ire us a better descriptiön. The Railroad Stock may lead to its recovery. 8- H. O., New Albany. Tour application should hare been made to the Secretary of State, whose duty It is to furnish such copies. Ilowerer, aa you with svmething done with it, not belonging to his office directly, we will try and accommodate you ; but cannot tell how soon we may be able to do it. It is not a " stow job, the way things are done np here by some of the " wise " ones . JJ. E., Newcastle. It woulj violate one of our imperative rule to da so. Otherwise should be happy to accommodate you. Cant you arrange with a neighbor t The last "Sentinel,", in answer to the inquiry, which it says is often made, "what time the laws and Journals will be printed," uses the fallowing language : 'As to the laics, we cannot answer. If the apology for a Secretary öf State is as smart as usual, (with Lis salary nearly doubled) we may be able to get them out by the time the next Legislature meets ; to which body we shall explain the reasons." In the tabove paragraph great injustice is done Judge THOMrtDX. , We are assured by him that every possible facility is afforded to the editors of the "Sentinel" to enable them to make an early publication of the laws. There is no disposition, on his part, to interpose any obstacle to its accomplishment. He cannot see why he should be thus attacked, unless it .be from the fact that he would not pay the Editors of that paper sixty-three dollars, for proof-reading to which they were not entitled. Stale Journal, Feb. 12. We did not attack the "disposition" of Judge Thompson. We alluded to his well known entire unfitness for the office, arising from imbecility, incapacily and ignorance. But as he makes a direct attack on us because the Legislature, one branch unanimously, allowed us $63 for doing his work, we will state but a few facts; reserving others for more leisure, and surh an opportunity as shall enable us to present the proof. As this great and vise "Jcdge" has provoked the attack .by attributing dishonesty to us, he shall hare enough, to. satisfy the p ublic if it does not him, of the falsity of said charge. it would be tEuperercgation in us at this or any other time, to more than allude to bis illitcrateness and incapacity for such business as a Judgeship or the Secretary of State, among those who know him, not excepting the editor of the Journal. But as to whether we were entitled to the $03. Two of the best proof readers in the State were employed, and during the first season of this vise Judge's term, were necessitated, for the purpose of complying with the law on the part of the public printer, to compare and read the proofs of the laws, which business it is the sworn duty of the Secretary of State to perform. One of the readers gdte his services, while to the other was paid $53. This sum this) said icise and honest judge directed to be placed in the public printing bill ; and it was so done. He then approved it. The Auditor's attention was called to the item, and he promptly refused to audit it. This said wise judge then paid it out of his own pocket. The second year of the printer's term the same thing had to be done; and this tcise and learned judge, notwithstanding he had managed from the aforesaid facts, to have his SALARY NEARLY DOUBLED, refused to pay it. The Legislature promptly granted it, the committee on claims hiving recommended its allowance, and that after said "Solomon" had tried to defeat it in the Senate. Had it been in the knowledge of the legislature that ibis officer's salary had been so largely increased, (being now about the highest in the State,) they no doubt would have deducted it from his own pay; as should have been done. So much for this cta'rge". As we do not wish at this time to trouble the public with such a man, we shall only further ask this said trwand honorable judge, if he did not make the certificate at the end of the printed laws, certifying that he had carefully compared them with the original enrolled files in his office J If he ever compared, in the meaning of the law, a single page ? Or if he ever read one single printed page of the laws in proof! Or if the icTiole of the lavs of last session vere ever PRINTED, as under bath he certifie ! We take the nega tive of all these queries, and can prove them before the world. And once more i Did not this same Secretary of State lately give a blank commission to a distinguished individual, because he was too ignorant to fill it up ! We are done for to-day. Another Veto. We understand from private sources, that Gov. Whitcomb has vetoed the bill passed by the Legislature granting a loan of to the White Wafer Canal Co. Though we do not ap prove of the exercise of this "one man " power by the Executive of the State or Nation in any case, we acknowledge that we rejoice that the company has failed to obtain the money from the State Treasury to repair the canal. We do not wiah to be understood, however, as objecting to repairing the canal, for we feel an interest in seeing it speedily completed; but we object to loaning money out of the Treasury for any purpose, while we are so embarrassed with debts. JMuncie Journal, Ftb. C. . That Is, the Journal is opposed to the veto, and yet it rejoices" at it ! It admits that the bill vetoed was a very bad one, and that it must have sluiced our bankrupt Treasury of $5O,CC0, and increased our taxes, unless the Governor's approval had been withheld. The Journal, we believe, has never found fault with Gov. Eigger's vetoes " in any case." After all, what is the operation of the Governor's veto under our constitution? Simply to ask the Legislature to once more consider the bill, and if then a bare majority cf the members elected in each house still rote for the bill, it becomes a law, notwithstanding the veto. No Governor who regards his standing with his constituents, will veto a bill, unless it violates the constitution, which ho is sworn to support, or unless it inflicts an irreparable injury upon the State. And yet the Journal is opposed to it in any ease." Eighty members of the House to one at the last session voted to sustain one cf the Governor's vetoes; and on inether, the rote in favor of it was unanimous. These members seem to have thought differently from the journal. But as the Journal is opposed to a veto in any case, we hope to see it in favor of a convention to amend the constitution. fjr We understand that one of the clerks ia our . poet office, a day or two eitace, in the space of about six and a hilf hours, ''distributed' the natter of eleven mails and eighteen large canvass sacks. That can't be easily beaten, we think. As a general rule, clerks irr large post crllcci hate hard berths,- and earn all tha wags they get. (7Th right of way for the Ealtimore and Ohio Eailro&d through Virginia,- bas bcea defeated

Congress. AT'u Dex.il himself" seems to have held a6cenden cy during the present session of Congress. Had we been asleep at its commencement, and Lad now just awoke, we should suspect that we were in Mexico, so much does every movement made by "the assembled

wisdom" i Washington correspond with the furor of our semi-civilized Republican neighbor. The latest news brought by the " Union," shows that both the House aud Senate, neglecting all the important measures of national importance, were engaged in making a war of extermination upon the reporters of their proceedings for that paper. The fault of these re porters appeared to be in the too literal reports which they gave of congressional follies, humbugs and ras calities, and their expulsion from their miserable desks was conaidered of far more consequence than the Mexican war or any other matter. All tins is inexpressibly shameful and humiliating to every pat riotic citizen. To us it is so sickening that we have hardly patience enough to endeavor to keep the run o; business for the benefit of our readers; and indeed this is the less necessary, as the whole of it may be summed up in a single sentence; and that is, that every thing, the most important as well as the most unim portant, seems to engage only so much of the attention of Congress ns will serve to" facilitate the intrigues of the tevcVal factions who are aiming to secure the prize of the next Presidency. We are sometimes at moot tempted to make a compact with ourselves tha wc will support no candidate whose nomination is to be attained only by such disgraceful means, and at the sacrifice of the public interest for the lime being if not for the future. This is a point however in which we shall expect the people to take action, and wc have no doubt of their ability to find a remedy, and as little of their power and disposition to apply it properly. The Indiana Volunteer. We copy the following from the N. Y. Journal of Commerce. That paper appears to rely on the truth of the statement made by the correspondent of the Picayune. We do not. We believe that the charges of the writer, (who is probably an officer in the regu lar army, and who says he writes with the approval of other officers,) are the result of that prejudice and jealousy which exists among the regular officers against the volunteers, from General Taylor down. Their design is and has been to create an unjust pre judicein. the public mind ogainst the volunteers and in their owu fivor, and this they can only do by false and slanderous accusations. It was motives of this kind which, immediately after the battle at Monterey, originated charges against Gen. Butler of Ky.', first imputing cowardice, and when it was found out that no one would believe that, then charging bim with rashness. Such statements from such a source should be received with great caution, to say the least ; and we think that respectable papers should be careful how they endorse them. Rowdies among the Volunteers. A letter in the N. O. Picayune, dated Chichironi, 1Q miles above mier, Mexico, contains the following paragraph which we publish with regret. Ihe tacts are disgraceful. It is not such "protection" that the Mexicans need. I must devote one paragraph to a subject that I hare too long arglected to sllu 1 to, and one that has given me great pain dining my whole stay in Mexico ; I mean the disputable conduct cf some of the volunteer troops. Below Mier vre met the 2d Regiment of Indiana Iroopa, commanded, I believe, by Col. Drake. Tbey encamped near our camp, and a portion of them were exceedingly it regular in their behavior, filing away their caitnJget, and persecuting the Meaican families at a rancSo near by. Tbey wer oa their leiurn from near Monterey, where they had gone cootmy to oider, nd wheie they ha.l itemed positive orders to go back to the mouth of the Rio Grande. A large portion of their officers were behind, and the men were left to do pretty much as they p!eaed. On anivin at Mier, we learned fiom indisputable autboiity that this tame regiment had eommitted, the day befoie. outrage against the citizens, of the mill disgraceful character ; stealing, or lather robbing, insulting the women, breaking into bouse, and other feats of a similar character ! We have heaid of them at almost every rancho tip to this place. At Cerralro, are two companies of an Ohio regiment, (Col. Morgan'- rrgimeot) to garrison the place. Gen. Taylor has issued proclamations astuting the inhabitants of the towns in the conquered territoiy tint they should be protected and well tieaied by our troops. Since this place bas been gairisoned by volunteers, the families have been subjected to all kinds of outrage. At Puma Aguda it has been the same i and the most of those who could go, have left their homes. Some have fallen into the hands of the Camaijchea, whilst flying from the persecutions of our volunteer troops. Recently the people here have received treatment from men stationed here, (I do not know who commands them,) that negroes in a state of insurrection would hardly be guilty of. The women have been repeatedly violated (almost an every day affair.) houses broken open, and Insultj of every kind have been offered to those ichom vi art bound, by honor, to protect. This is nothing more than a statement of facts. I have no time to make comments, but I desire to have this published, and I have written it under the approval of Capt. Thornton, Maj. Dix, Capt. Dellart, Col. Bohlen, Lt. Thorn, Mr. Blancbaid and my owa sense of duty; and I am determined, hereafter, to notice every serious offence of the above mentioned nature. The American arms shall not be disgraced without the stigma falling on the guilty parties, if I can be instrumental in exposing them. It would beeiimnal in me to overlook those outrages, and, for the sake of our national honor, as well as for that of the U. S. Army, I shall not do so. Sacrilege. -Some night last week, the Catholic Church in this place was robbed of almost every thing tangible. This is the second time it has ben robbed in a few years, (two we believe.) The thieves effected an entrance through & wiadowi It would seem that miszhief, as well as 'ptunaer', wes their object. The articles stolen; though of little value to the thieves, will'coet some hundred dollars to replace, they being principally vestments. The censer and a few other metal articles were taken ; and those of the vestments not taken, had been laid near the window preparatory to being taken away. It is supposed the thieves were, from some cause, frightened from returning. It is proper to state that the church i3 situated on the outskirts of the town, where such iniquities may be perpetrated without causing alarm ; and from tbe apparent mischievous purposes of the thieves, we say it behooves all good citizens, of whatever denomination, to endeavor to ferret them out- No property can be safe with such a class in our midst. The Mexican Clergt Against the War. The Washington correspondent of the N. Y. Herald states that despatches were received in Washington from the interior of Mexico, which states that the Mexican clergy discountenances the war. Their revenue? are trenched upon, and in some instances, seized and confiscated for tho support of the war, and their iuterests are every way opposed to it. They are, therefore, at least the great body of them, strenuous in advising peace. It might not ba a bad arrrangement if the Mexican priesthood should exchange places with the American " clergy." Instead then of each class opposing, it might make a show of patriotic ardor in favor of ts own rroyernment. 07" Mr. Calhoun has at last made his long expect ed speech m relation to the Mexican war. He takes ground in favor of " masterly inactivity," and the plan he proposes is similar to that attributed to Com. Perry, which we noticed a few days ago. Ilia speech is able and interesting in manner if not in doctrine and principle, and if we can find room for it we shall lay it before our readers. Mr. Calhoun was replied to by Mr. Cass, who takes opposite ground. We have not yet seen the speech of the latter gentleman. 07-The Steamboat Tuscaloosa was recently destroyed, about 10 miles above Mobile, by the bursting of her boilers. A large number of passengers were on board,- from 30 to 50 of. whom were killed by tha explosion. The detaih are horrible. A large amount of papef money, say 70,000, as well as much other property was also lost. Gov. FEtcrr, dem., baa been elected fo the U. S. .Senate from Michigan, for the term of six yeara after the fourth of March next. He taxes the place of Mr. Wood bridge; whig.-

The $ Mark. In the State Sentinel of Jan. 7th, we copied a para graph from Mr. Beverly Tucker, giving some suggestions as to the origin or derivation of the dollar mark now in common, use. Since then we have seen other suggestions which we copy for the amusement and information of our readers. A correspondent of the Journal of Commerce says " The origin of the sign is as follows : The Spanish word for dollar is 'peso;' in the plural, pesos.' In old Spanish accounts the word is written in full, and placed before the numerals. Then we find it abbreviated into Ps. Afterwards we find the small p used, and the letter s placed on the lower part of the p. Next, that tbe curved part of the letter p is omitted, which gives the present drllar sign $. The use of tvo long strokes in the sign is modern in its use. Thus the sign $ is an equivalent for the word Pesos." The editors of the Journal, in a subsequent paper, say "A gentleman who examined the matter long ago,

says the dollar mark is com post J of the initials of the Spanish words peso fuerte, hard dollar, which was used to distinguish trie rame from the depreciated currency. The Spaniards had, long before we adopt ed the mark, been in the habit of writing p. J., bound together in a manner which we canntt represent with our types, but which he says was the origin of the present dollar mark." A correspondent of the Baltimore American says " The true derivation of it is the figure 8. The Spaniards, from whom we derive the dollar, count by reals, as the French do by francs. A real is in value 121 cents, or one eighth part of a dollar. Any one who has read Gil Bias or Don Quixotte will recollect the phrase fiece or eight, which is frequently, used by the author of those works. This term then means nothing more than a dollar, or 8 reals. When, therefore, the dollar becomes generally usej, the figure 8 was prefixed to express dollar, and in process of time the 8 has been changed to the present mark. It has been asserted, but I know not whether correctly or not, that Gen. Hamilton first ucd this mark, soon after the adoption of our currency of dollars and cents. However this may b?, the figure 8 is no doubt the original of the mark, and the derivation I have given above, the correct one." The National Intelligencer has a correspondent who supposes the origin to be found in a double D, pl?ced reversely, to indicate dollars thus qD. This mark is supposed to have assumed, in process of time, the shape in which it is now used. A distinguished friend, who we presume had not seen any of the above attempts at explanation, favors us with the following exposition of the matter, which we think is more probable than either of the others. The Indiana State Sentinel, of the 7th of the cur rent month, quotes the Southern Standard, for an attempt of Mr. Beverly Tucker, to define the origin and signification of the mark $, commonly p-cfixed to a sum of dollars, in figures. The writer assumes the sign to be the two pillars on Spanish coins, (emblematical, he supposes, of the Pillars of Hercules,) which he brings near together, and binds with the fillet, on which imagination is permitted to trace the boastful motto, plus ultra. The mark in question has not an origin half so fanciful. The money of account in Portugal, is in Rets one thousand Reis to the Mil Rei; and if Mr. Tucker bad been a merchant, trading with the Portugese, he must avc learned from mere inspection of their bills and invoices, that this mark signifies nothing else than the Roman numeral letter M. The flourish was probably substituted for the letter by some dashing penman, for convenience, or to give more grace to his chirography. The letter, in this connection, is now quite disused in manuscript, except by some very old fashioned persons. Printers use the letter or the mark indifferently; according as taste, or, perhaps, s the state of the type case, may dictate. The Portugese never prefix the $ to the sum ; but nsert it between the integer and the fraction of the Mil Rei, jus"t where we should pronounce the word thousand;' as thus, 12 $ 230; which you may read welve thousand two hundred and fifty Reis; or what is the same, twelve Mil Reis two hundred and fifty Reis. The mill, or one thousandth part of the dollar, though much neglected, forms also a part of our own decimal system of accounting; but unlike the Portu guese, from whom the sign is derived, we prefix the $ to the sum, and write $12 25 twelve dollars and twenty-five cents; when, if we were to follow strictly what we so partially and imperfectly imitate, the ex pression would be 12 $ 250 twelve dollars two hunred and fifty mills ; or, more literally, twelve thou sand two hundred and fifty mills. This neglect of I the mill, (often unimportant,) may be one cause why the $ has been so ill defined and misunderstood. John Wentwortm, of Illinois, a member of Con gress, has during the present session, evinced a disposition on every occasion which offered itself, to betray the party to which he professes to belong for the bene fit of whiggery. They do not seem to be very grate ful for his services, for they charge him in some quarters of having stolen large quantities of public property with which members supply themselves at the public expense under the head of stationery, &c. This may be all natural enough : for we have remarked that as soon as a professed democrat begins to turn thief he begins to turn tcAi". The Union ' has denounced the treason of Wentworth, and we are glad to see that Andrew Kennedy also handled him without gloves in the House of Representatives This is right. ' We are only sorry that the opportun nity for skinning the gentleman did not occur some time ago. " The Army bill i tlie Senate. Our readers will learn with deep regret that the Senate has this day non-concurred in the army bill as reporiea to Dotn houses -by the Uommittee or Conference. The measure passed the House of Representatives without a division ia the shape given to it by the committee. According to ordinary parliamentary usage, such non-concurrence in the report af a committee of conference is regarded as fatal to tbe bill in relation to which it occurs. We deplore this action of the Senate in the present instance, as nothing less than a great national calamity. It must delay, and it may defeat a measure which the Executive has recommended as indispensable to the due prosecution of the war, and thus, to its honorable and prompt termination. Actuated constantly by a sincere desire for peace, the Tresident has not ceased while urging on the war to hold our, the olive branch to the Mexican government. To facilitate negotiation, and with a view to a satisfactory termination of the war, he has also recommended the Three Million Appropriation Bill. It is not to be doubted that the vigorous prosecution of the war and the increase of our force contemplated in the army bill, are of vital importance in the present condition of Mexico to give effect to any such measures looking to the speedy restoration of peace. What may be the fate of the three million bill cannot now, we fear, be stated with entire certainty. But we cannot forbear from a most earnest appeal to all of our legislators who desire to see a satisfactory and honorable pjace, without delay, between this country and Mexico, to rescue as soon as possible the army bill from the uncertainty which now hangs over it. We earnestly hope that it will yet become a law. If it is to be lost, let the country understand by whose hands the sacrifice is trade. We shall publish in our next Union " the proceedings of tho Senate, and the list of yeas and nayi upon the question of non-concurrence in that Ileus to-day. Washington Union, Feb. 8. FLOUR.-i-The Cincinnati Gazette of the 13th inst reports sales of 500 barrels from store at 5 20 ; 150 do. from river at $5 25 ; 500 city mitts at $5 10; and 500 do. at $5 25. These sales were made on the preceding Friday. On Saturday sales were moderate at 05 10 f 5 12i and market showing less firmness.'

Itailroad Meeting. At a meeting held at the Court House, on Monday evening last, in pursuance of notice, Samuel IIenI'Ersox, Esq., was called, to the chair, and L. B. Wilson, appointed Secretary. After the object of the meeting Wid been stated by the chair, J. D. Defeees gave a brief exposition of the proceedings had at Cincinnati and St. Louis, upon the subject of connecting those cities by Railroad, and pointed out the necessity of action, if we desired the benefit which would result to us from our connection by railroad with those cities. He was followed by G. A. Chapman, Esq., who, in a brief address, alluded to the action of the Illinois Legislature in refusing to grant the right of way without a condition, which was tantamount to a prohibition; but expressed his belief that before the adjournment the "sober second thought" would prevail among the members, and induce them to grant the right of way without restriction. He concluded by moving the appointment of a committee of seven, to correspond, prepare and report the business to be acted on, at an adjourned meeting. The chair appointed G. A. Chapman, J. D. Defrecs, J. S. Bobbs, Nicholas McCarty, Douglass Maguire

David Wallace, and William Sullivan, Esqrs said committee. On motion, resolved that the proceedings be published in the Indiana Journal, and the State Sentinel. On motion the meeting adjourned. SAML. HENDERSON, Pres't. L. B. Wilsox, Sec'y. Funny Phraseology. Talleyrand, or pome other honorable scoundrel once observed that language was given to wise men to aid them in concealing their ideas. Whether this be true or not, there can bj doubt that an adroit or mystic use of words can be very effectually made to conceal ideas or inventions. For instance: Mr. Brownson in one of his a rticlcs on the origin of Government, which appeared a year or two ago, defined Hcmamtt in these terms : ' We arc to bear in mind that the genus humanity what we call human nature is no logical abstraction, but a real existence; and in some sort, an existence independent of individuals. This H only saying that humanity is humanity. This settled, we may proceed a step further. Humanity, in this generic sense is causative, active, creative. This is affirmed in affirming that humanity is a reality. Our notion of reality is our notion of being or substance, of something that is. But our notion of something that is that is to 6ay, of being or substance, is precisely our notion of cause or causative force." Upon which the editor of the Wilkesbarre, Ta., Farmer perpetrated the following laughable quiz : " We are to bear in mind that the genus of humbug, what we call natural humbug, is no logical abstraction, but has a real existence as much as a shad, and in some sort independent of fodder and friends just after being elected to a fat office, though never actually separable from individuals before election. This is only saying that humbug is still humbug any way you choose to fix it. This part of the weather being set tled, we will venture a step or two Further. Humbug, in this pepper and ginger sense, is causative of much gammon, active as the greased end of perpetual mo tion, creative of promises and pancakes. This is both sworn to and affirmed in affirming that humbug is a member of the regular army. Our notion of being a member of the regular army is our faith in factions and faith is the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen. But our notion of something that is, is our notion of a jackass for a jackas, is and not only is, that is to 6ay is; but a jackass, physically considered, conveys precisely our notion of cause, kicking, and causative force, and exists independent of Individuals so docs a meeting house." But to leave jokes and return to realities. Browneon's mysticisms do not excel the syllogistic and technical phraseology of some of the Greek schools of philosophy, if we may rely on an example given by Brown in his philosophic lectures, where he quotes how a scholas'.ic logician proves by a long technical argumentation that the impossible differs from what is possible, to wit: "Whatever nf itself and in itself includes things contradictory, differs in itself from that which of itself and in itself docs not imply anything contradictory. But what is impossible of itself and in itself involves things contradictory ; for example, an irrational human being, a round square. But what is possible of itself and in itself, includes no contradiction. Therefore what is impossible in itself differs from what is possible." If these examples be not sufficient to satisfy the present cravings of those who love a diarrhea of words," we commend to them a second reading of " the Butler bill." Famine and Appalino Distress. The English pipers are filled with shocking details of the misery CBU5:u " a wal11 04 ju in ireianu ana ine iiignji r i. i i .t. ir: l lanus oi ocouana. iv e can scarcely realize me existence of such sjffjring as is described, and which is brought upon the unfortunate victims by no fault of their own Appaling Ditlress. -We entreat oar readers attention to the following shocking description of the state of Skiobereen and the surrounding district of West Caibery, in the county of Cork, premUing that it is only an aggravated epitome of the suffering nf the poor starving peasantry in other districts. It is by Mr. Cummins, a country magistrate, who thus writes to the Duke of Wellington: I went, on the 15th inst., to Skibbereen, and to give the instance of one townland district which I visited, as an example of the state of tbe entire coast district, I shall state simply what I there saw. It is situate on the eastern side of Castlehaven haibor, and is named South keen, in the parish of Myros. Being aware that I should have to witness frightful hunger, I provided myself with as much bread as five men could carry, and on teaching the spot I was surprised to find the wretched himli t apparently deserted. I entered some of the hovels to ascertsio tbe caue, and the scenes that presented themselves were such as no tongue or pen can convey the slightest idea of. In the first, six famUhed and ghastly skeletons, to all appearance dead, wer huddled in a corner on some filthy straw, their sole covering what seemed a ragged horse cloth, their wretched legs hanging about naked above tbe knees. I approached in horror and found, by a low moaning, that they were alive they were ia fever, .four children, a woman and what had once been a man. It is impossible to go through tha detail; suffice it to a ay, that, in a few minutes, T was surrounded by at least 209 of such phantoms such fiighiful spectres no woidcan describe. By far the gieater number wer delirious, either from famioe or from fever. Their demoniac yelU are still ringing in my ear, and their horitble images are fixed upon my brain. My heart sickens it the recital, but I must go on. In another case, decency would forbid what follows, but it must be told. My clothes were nearly torn off in my endeavor to escape from the throng of pestilence around, when ray neckcloth was seized from behind by a grip which compelled me to tarn. 1 found myself grasped by a woman with an infant apparently ju4 born in her armi, and the remains of a filthy sack across her loins the sole covering of herself and babe. Tbe same morning the police opened a bouse on the adjoining lands, which was observed shut for many days, and two frozen corpses weie fuuud lying oa the mud floor, half devoured by the rats. A mother, herself in fever, was seen tha same day to drag out the corpse of her child, a giil about 12, perfectly naked, and leave it half covered with stones. In another house, within 500 yards of the cavalry station, at Skibbereen, tbe Dispensary Doctor found seven wretches unable to move under the same cloak. One had been dead many hours, but Ihe others were unable to move either themselves or tbe corpse. Equally disheartening is what follows from tha Monagban Standard: The state of destitution ia this neighborhood is absolutely frightful. In every street, at every corner, lean and cadav erous beings meet your eye, famine in the face, want io the hollow giauce, emaciation in the wasted frame, and yet they do not die. Strange how much suffering the body accustomed to want can bear before the spirit wings its flight ! It has not yet been ascertained how little a mau can live on. Men who fed moderately in other years ire surprised how they ara alive, tbey get wo little now. The able-bodied laborerer is do longer so he is haggaid and fmin-woro. There is do charity amongst those who give ninety percent, of the alms of the eouotry the farmers t they ars burins them elves oats i floor is Is. 6d. per stone, and is sold to bur meal i tbe borses are starved, and the family, like a vessel in a calm, is on half allowance. Tbe poor-houses ate filling with frightful rapidity. OCrThe Washington Union contains ari interesting account cf the bombardment of Guaymas, and the cutting Out of the Mexican brig Condor from under the arClery and musketry of the enemy, by the U. S. sloop of war Cyane, commander S. F. Dupont, on the 17th of Oct. last. Our sailora were working- under a shower of balls from 500 muskets, yet they cut out the Condor and burnt her without the- loss of a man;

Gen. Taylor "Pronunclameuto." We invite the careful attention of our readers to the following letter from the Washington correspondent of the Philadelphia Ledger. It takes a calm and unprejudiced View of Gen. Taylor' position in regard to the administration, and states some facts which ought to be generally known, now that the Whig press is endeavouring to deceive the people by false issues : Washipgtoh, Jan. 24, 1S47. The letter of Gen. Taylor bas produced a deep impression ber, and ia already tha theme of tha most angry comment. The friends of tha General think it a very good opening of tha presidential campaign of 1S43, while soma of tbe more considerate Whigs question the prrt-

orietv of Dubliahinf euch a letter at such a lime. netn er Lien, laylor n r - .1. . . " . . . . :- (act of ila appean the proper precau to cnarge tne puuiicsuuDun mm. It is a sad eiampla indeed and witu all due respect for the biavery of " Old Rough and Ready," as it is spoken for commanding generals to publish their views in regard to the army, its provisions, clothing, the manner of conducting tha war, the expenses of it, Ihe resources of tha enemy, &c. It will not avail uen. laylor to say that ihe letter was written to a relative. It is too well worded too cautiously drawn up too minute in its details, especially as regards figures to pass for a hasty production. Its phraseology is faultless its ideas are concise its language guarded conveying j'ist sufficient censure on the government, without constkuling legally an act of rebellion, and yet strong enough to produce the liveliest impression on tha public mind. Gen. Taylor may, for aught I know, be right in all tha views ha expresses in Iii letter; but I question whether uch a letter had not better be addressed to the President or ilia Secretary of War, and to them alone, than to a relative, thence to appear in a newspaper. In this shape it is a pronunciamento of a commanding general, and a dangerous precedent to be followed by men less chivalrous or more ambitious than Gen. Taylor. ISot the man ; but tho principle we must look to. What if General Washington, during the war of independence, bad thus corresponded with his relatives instead of the Continental Congress? It is true the case is not exactly parallel; but slill analsgnus. The enemy will always infer, from such letters, that there is not the best agreement between the Generals of the Army and tha Cabinet at Washington ; and that, itself, is sufficient to encourage bim in his resistance. The House and Senate Committees on Military Affairs spent the better part of yesterday in the War Department, to examine the correvpondence of General Taylor with the Government, and other matters in regard to the war, and it would really appear as if the Department were not without grievances in regard to Gen. Taylor. Ever since his arrival at Corpus Christi he had carte blanche as regards men, ammunition and means. The War Department asks: why has lie not disposed of them? He was not restricted as to the plan of campaign; why has he not expedited it? If he wanted an additional 20,000 or 30,000 men, why did he not call fur them ? Gen. Taylor never addressed, I believe, the Quarter master Oeneral in Washington, to ask hint for bagnge wagons, mults, and the like, but tent his own engineers as far as Cincinnati to procure these. Is the Department then to blame for the delay which this indirect process may have occasioned? At MatatnorHS Gen. Taylor had 16,000 men; why did hetake but 6,000 to Monterey? Gen. Taylor's regard for the women and children at Monterey is, no doubt, praiseworthy; but can it be denied that the capitulation at Monterey has rather encouraged than brow-beaten the enemy? The war has undoubtedly been carried on with a becoming spirit of forbearance, but it ma he questioned after all, whether fAai is the manner to bring it to a speedy close. One thing is apparent from the documents in the War Department, viz : that Cen. Taylor has no over nice regard for tha volunteers. There may ba reasons for it; but, until we bear them, the volunteers who have won such imperishable laurels at Monterey, are entitled to an explanation oi tins mark ot disregard lor their services. For some weeks past the friends of the edministration were complaining about Gen. Taylor hia unnecessary delays his indisposition to prosecute the war with vigor his difference of opinion as regards the justice of it, from the administration his disregard for volunteers, and his invidious preference for regulars. All this, however, was sub rosa ; the Union all the time eschewing carefully to break ground on the subject. The government evidently feared Gen. Taylor's popularity, and the handle which his friends would make ot it, were tha attack upon him to come from " the organ." It had not the boldness to speak right out and make an issue with the victorious Oeneral it was in tha condition or the trench Directory in relation to the victorious head ot tha army in Italy. This is to be regretted, and deeerm tbe seriuus attention of the public. When this Mexican war broke out," said Calhoun tha other day," tha curtain which separates the fulure from the present, dropped before ray eyes, and I cannot now say where we are; but certain it is, that we have coma to a melancholy pass, in tha history of our country, if, in a matter of abstract right and justice in an issue between a commanding General and the Government an. issue tehiek no commanding General has a right to make and least at the time of soar, the government is driven to the wall, and obliged to ask the miserable question, how wit! tha people receive this? Arn I stiong enough to withstand the victorious General ?' " Our people are a people ot law and order of Saxon not of Gallic origin and they will support tbe government in its just treasures against any victorious General, had he even entered the walls of Mexico, instead of those of Monterey. But the government preferred to get rid of the vexatious question by appointing a Lieutenant General. This was a mistake inasmuch as it did not carry, and the country were entirely at a loss how to account for the extraordinary proceed' ng. But it appears now that the measure was proposed to supercede General Taylor, without making an issue with him, for which the government, nevertheless, seems to bo fully prepared. The fact ia, if Gen. Taylor does not agree in his views with the government, or refuses, directly or indirectly, to carry out the views of the President, the latter has an undoubted right to recall him notwithstanding the vote of thanks of both houses of Congress and his promotion to tha rank ot a ftlajor General. And if the charges brought against Gen. Taylor are substantiated, it will be the duty of the President to do so; as it is hia duty now to have the whole subject investigated and made public. Piesident making is bad enough in Congress, without carrying it to the camp. The same writer in another letter says This only I would say by way of illustrating the dis position which the government has shown towards the gallant old General. Afler his numerous complaints about the deficiency in the Quarter Master General's Df partment, Gen. Jessup went himself down to New . r.,u v.mr5o, io waicn over me execuhe tiuia 0LrLtiTn ,h "PP088., tharl lhe Department iere, more than two thousand miles from the theatre of v.r,' answerable for evfry delay occasioned ! 2 the road; or that Gen. Jessup should have foreseen a priori how many pack mules, wagons and boats Gen Telor re quired to march from Mala mo ras to Monterey, is a base absurdity. Generals, in such circumstances, generally show their talent by the impromptu measures adopted by mem to supply sucn vexatious Out orten unavoidable deJjcienciea; assailori generally manage to make such ternporary repairs on board their ships, as tha r Its, tha fire of the enemy, or tbe neglect in the dock yard, may render I 9 J 9 J i necessary. fjrWe can "hold our horses" for the present about the St. Louis and Cincinnati railroad. Tbe bill to grant the right of way through Illinois was defeated by the influence of tbe city of Alton against it. As that town was not made the terminus, all the force it could command was thrown against the bill. The Cincinnati Enquirer observes : This is one of those insane exhibitions of local jealousy and selfishness, one of those dog-in-the-mangor demonstrations, which no man possessed Ol common sense can regard without disapprobation. Wc still hope that this hasty and inconsiderate judgment may be reversed by the Legislature. The Republican contains the proceedings of a public meeting at Greenville, which hod sent a strong delegation to the Capital to enforce the j ust claims of the midland counties for thU work.

as ordered its puDiicauon or not, m r-- .

ng in punt shows that ha Mas not taken , , " , " 1 , " . . . ... i ti.,:. only means by which money could be raised lo save the cooniion to prevent it. and that is sufficient . ' . ' 'y frn .,!,.,;, -n .,.

(-Eugene Sue, in the "Wandering Jew," has the following among the few true and discriminating observations interspersed through his pondrous pages : When a man of an eminent mind, and of a sound and active nature, concentrating all the force of his soul and body on a single idea, practices perseveringly the virtues of chastity, frugality, and lastly, the voluntary renunciation of all satisfaction of the heart and senses, it generally happens that this man only rebels against the sacred wishes of his Creator, for the benefit of some monstrous and devouring passion an infernal divinity which, by a sacrilegious compact, demands from him, in exchange for a formidable power, tbe annihilation of all the noble tendencies, all the ineffable charms, all the tender instinct! , with which the Lord in his eternal wisdom, iri hie inexhaustabie rnunifrcence, has bo paternally endowed hia creatutes." (-Nothing that is Tiolcnt is permanent.

.ews front Mexico Ileportetl Assassination of Santa Anna. Cvrretpondenct cf the Picayune U. S. Fjtjadbo!, Anton Lizardo, Jan. SO. Tbera is a report at Vera Cruz that tbe fpohioa of Stall Adds to the recent decree of Corgret , for the sale of church property-, has provoked tbe vengeance of tbe soldiers and that te bas been hoU I have beaid none of the circumstances attending this alleged outbreak, which, of coure, requires confiimation to be implicitly relied upon. There ara many circumstances, however, which render it quite likely that auch has been tbe fate of Santa Anna. CongreiS, after a long and stormy session, oa tbe 9th init, approved tbe first section of a till which bad been introduced oa tha 7th, authorizing the Government to rai $15,U00,000 by tha hypothecation or sale of certain goods of tbe church. This project was violently opposed la Congress and out of Coneress. and was represented to be bothing less thai a

! scheme to close the cbuicbes, suspend divine worship, and j T churches from beine desecrated. ; m-A th,t ,,.. K. c1B t Toto! eonW , be guirln,;e(i gpeedy relief and succor by the pacing of this imeasuie on that night, they would disband in the face of tba enemy and march cn Mexico to subvert the Government. Tbe nut aiticle was patsed ty a vote of öd to 31. Tba question upon selling the church property appears to bave been taken sepaiately, and to bave eucountered a atrorger opposition, as the vote was 41 to 35. Tbe pasfaeeof the law has created the greatest excitemen throughout Mexico. The churches are closed and every in dication cf mourning and of resistance has been evinced by thofe who suppoit tbe religious establishment. Santa Anna declared bis opposition to ihe bill. He probably thought that his peisocal popularity with tbe limy, aiJed by promises of contiibutions from his piivate purse, would enatle him to maintain his ascendency wiih ihe soldiers, that he would enlist tbe support of the clergy, and last and perhaps cot least, find a popular cause of quarrel with the piesent Congress and the admini-tiatioo of Gomez Farias. If he bad appeased tbe aimy, and come out as the avowed champion of the chuich, bis autboiity io Mexico would bave been paramount, and once fiiraly possessed of power, he would have made peace. If he has been assassinated, as report has it, I am inclined to tbiuk there is little piospect of peace, except in the subjugation of Ihe whole countiy. We do not rely on the report above mentioned, in relation to the assassination of Santa Anna. A letter from San Luis 6tates that early on the morning of the 25th December Santa Anna was placed in possession of despatches sent by Gen. Taylor to his Government. These documents had bcea entrusted to a Frenchman, who fell into the hands of Canales. While defending himself, or endeavoring to escape, he was killed- As far as is known of these despatches, eays the Mexican writer, Gen. Taylor informs hi Government that be was then on his way to Tula and Sin Luis by way of Maltclmala, with an army of 14,000 men, and that he was expecting a reinforcement of four regiments of volunteers, which he Lad ordered to join him. This, of course, is an exaggeration. Santa Anna, in answer to the committee who proceeded to Sin Luis to congratulate him on his election to the Presidency, said that he had resources sufficient, out of his private means, to support the war for six months, and dismissed his audience highly gratified; with the information. The Mexican Government has raised La Vega from the rank of colonel, with the title of general, to that of brigadier general, in recompense for his bravery in the action of Kesaca de la Palma. ScrßEME Bench. The Indiana Journal of the 1st inst., announces the appointment of Thomas L. Smith of New Albany, to the vacant seat upon the bench, pro tern. The editor pretends to be very wrathy upon the subject, although it is well known that Lc cares nothing about the qualifications of judges to guard the rights of citizens ; for during the past session of the legislature Mr. Bid die was elected a circuit judge, by the wliigs, after he had received a caucus nomination, and without & single qualification to discharge the duties incumbent upon the office, unless the possession of a most violent and ungovernable temper can be called a qualification. Yes, we were too fast, he is better endowed than we at first remembered ; he is an acknowledged party hack, and as such served the whig party in 1S44 as an elector. Yet we heard not a word from Mr. Defrees. He did not complain that lie wanted to speak out and expose that affair: It is a rule in equity that a man mustdo justice, do equity, before he can c&ll upon a court of chancery to grant htm relief; so we think that the leaders of the whig" party should pluck the beam out of their own eye before they call upon th? people !o look at the mote in that of their neighbor. Judge Eiddle. Yes, Judge! (Juge, French ofjuder, Latin,) which word means "an officer of emineDt parts and probity appointed to execute justice in civil and criminal cases." He made a fine exhibition of his "eminent parts' and of his probity" (porlile, F. of probilas, L., which means uprightness, integrity, goodness,) by certain extra capers which he cut op in the supreme court about a week before his election. He there committed a contempt of that court, never committed by any other maa however reckless ; when an opposing counsel in a case was reading an affidavit he repeatedly'interrupted him by declaring that he was swearing false, for which very courteous ct, he was reprimanded by the court, and, afterwards at the hotel, had his jaws slapped by said counsel.' And this is the man that was few days afterwards selected by Mr. Defrees and his party on account of his probity and eminent parts. We would like to eee a man, after that, who is green enough to believe that Defrees is in earnest when he is talking about his care for the public welfare, in the appointment of Judges. Greene castle Patriot. Jvdce Smith. We have learned, on inquiry, thefollowing particulars relative to Thomas L. Smith. Esq., recently appointed by Gov. Whitcomb as one oC the Judges of our Supreme Court, He is forty-five yeirs of age is a man of the first order of talent?, of polished education, of laborious, habits, and of good moral character. So far all agree.. He first entered the medical profession ; graduated aims University in fhtladelphia ; practised" a year or two in that city received the appointment of sur- ' ?eon to a ship bound for China, in which situation he ' spent a year at Canton : on his return located in ChesI ter county, Pennsylvania, where he enjoyed, an exten-" sive practice and solid reputation as a physician. Jn j 1833 he was eiwled a8 a democrat, to the legislature I r n i nn of PennsVlTania, receiving 400 majority in a county with G00 whig majority; at tle expira.ion of the legislative session, he was appointed by Gov. Wolfe' superintendent of one of the public works in Pennsylvania, which office he held about two years, till Ititner, whig, was elected, when Mr. Smith was removed on party grounds; he then spa.it some time in theeouth, on his return from which, lie commenced the ,j r i r, , . . ... f "ft f, the.laW in Pennsylvania and followed it till I Svl whon hn romnt'AH ts Vam A lr.at.ir n f K. ?t.a where he commenced, and has since continued an extensive and lucrative practice of that profession. He is represented to be a man of good personal ap-. pearance, and every way a gentleman. We are freeto say that the confidence we have in Gov. Whitcomb'sL (judgment and interest m the prosperity of the State,. remove from our mindj all doubt as tj his fitness for the place that has been assigned him. JeJTersonüm. Petition for Additional Taxation. JlK Brown,-. from Virginia, ia the House of Coigrts. a few days ago, presented a petition from one hundred and sixty--nine citizens of that State, praying that Congresa, will immediately levy a duty af twenty per cent, onall articles except com and bullion, which are now admitted duty free, to aid in. prosecuting and defraying the expenses of the war. This is the true patriotic spirit, and is much more becoming the character of American citizens, whose brethren are sustaining the honor of their country in-the land of the enemy than in opposing., from a factious temper, the meacures that are necessary to conquer a peace,, and enable our countrymen -once more to return to. their homes. Mr. Cameron, presented a memorial: from citizens of Pennsylvania praying aid: in. the formation, of. a colony In Oregon and offering' to servo in the wac with Mexico without pay New Steamboat. The new steamer Eudora, dropped down to the landing yesterday, from the Ship. Yard of Litherburg tc Co., her builders ; the Cabin being the work of Jemks & Kline. She is 214 feet long, and 33 feet beam, measuring 45 tons. With good, accommodations, and an uncommonly spacious promenade ia front of the Social Hall, for travellers, she promises also to be one of the best boats on the river for the carrying trade between St. Louis and New Orleans,- for which she is intended. She is owned by Cornelius Yan IIouten of Indianapolis,-and will, da honor l(r the workmanship' of Cincinnati mechanics. Cin. (iazelte. Santa Anna, it is said, swears the soldiers not to, murder Americans who may fall into their hands bu omake prisoners cf war of tbenv.

- . ! ttirt. Ihm nrtthjm1 inH inmit,i of lh eonrents. It Vll