Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 6, Number 8, Indianapolis, Marion County, 13 August 1846 — Page 2

3ftMana State Sentinel, . WCCHLY KDITIO.

ETtBKAL yiCt!Ct IS THE T.ICC CT UltlTT. IVUllYirOLIÜ, AUGl'&T 13, 146. Our Terms. TJie f llow inj? will hereafter be the permanent terms of the Weekly Indiana Slate Stntinel: 03-Fttymects to be made always in advance. 0:e copy, one year, ............. 2.00 Three copies, one year, ...... i 5.C0 Five copies, one year, ........ ' 8.00 Ten copies, one year," 15 00 Twenty Copies, one year, directed to one person, 20.10 Sem I -IV eck If. (Published three times a week durirg the session.) One eonv, .... v i S 1.00 Th reo cop; en. 1 O.OQ To Correpoiiltiits, J. U-. I-eeavMe, la. Yoiif, of the Sib, wrta the numeaof S4 new ub. scrilr and the money arrived safety. We will change yiwrsutiscrtp lion as you dlre. Wa lb ulk Jod for your friendly teal in our fuvor. The Kiver nnd lI:iitor Kill. The following are the items of the bill for the' Tinprjvemont of rivers and harbors, which recently passed Gngrcss, and to which the President refused bis s-tnetiou: Breakwater itrncture at Barlingtoo, Lake Champlain, - - -' . Plittburg, Lake Charoplain, . - Steam Dredges, Lake Champlain, - ' Pari Ontaiio llaibor, f)wego Harbor, - - ' ."- Big Sodus Bay, Lke Ontario, - - - . Little Sodas Bay, Lake Outaiio, ' .- Genesee River, - - . ' ..'.- Oak Oichard Harbor, '-' - - -- De1e beat. Lake Outaii and River St Lawrence, $15,0C0 15.000 a00 . 10,000 30,000 6.000 0,000 20 .C00 7,000 20,000 50 000 15.000 40.000 10,000 10.COO 20,000 5,000 11,000 13,000 30,000 40,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 ' 40,000 Buffalo Harbor, Dunkirk Hai bor, - . - - - Erie Harbor, - ' - Grard Hirer Harbor, ; - - AlhtabuTa Ha 1 bur, - - . Cleveland Harbor, - Harott Harbor, - - - - - Sandusky City, - - ' - River Raiin, . - . Lake Ei ie die Ige boat, - - St. Clair flat, - - - . - ' Grand River Harbor, Lake Michigan, Mouth Kalamazoo River, - . - - - St. Joseph Harbor, - - - 'v Michigan City Harbor, - -Racine", Little Fott.Sou'.hpoit, Milwaukee, Chicago, and dredse boat, in all, . - St Louis Hai bor, - - - ' - " E9.0C0 75.000 Stanford Lede. Maine. - - . - - - 20.000 Bion Harbor, - - ' - - ,- 40,000 B ideport, - - 15,000 ProTiier.ce,- - - . - - 5,000 Newcastle, Delaware, - . - 15,000 P"tt renn. - - . 5,000 Delaware breakwater, - ?S 000 Nswartf Bay, - - - . -.15.000 Baltimore City, . - - '.-;- 20,000 Havre d Giace, .- - . V 20 000 Savnnal Harbor, - - - - ' - 50,000 Hudion River, above and below Albsny, '.- . 75.C00 Jreat Wood Hole Harbor. Maachuetti, - . . 4,450 Ohio River, above the Falls, - - 80,000 Ohio, below the Falls al Louisville, including Arkan-. . ?a, Mississippi, and Missouri, - ,-240,000 Itd River,'- , - - . - - - bO.VOO - i.,:.. .. nrlri tit. Attanlu - 20 000 We publish in another column the message of the President, in which he gives his reasons for vetoing the bill. It is greatly to be regretted that 'some of the proposed appropriations were such as cannot be justified on the ground of principle or expediency. Such, for instance, as that fur "the St. Louis harbor." The river is naturally running away from the city, and the property holders there desire that its course shall be restrained and directed to suit their interest at the publie. expense. '. If such an appropriation were made- fof .St. Louis, there could be no good reason why similar, favors should not be conferred upon every other river town ; and they all would be verv ready to jut in their claims, . It would-be impossible for the government to raise money enough, by any process of taxation, to answer the demands which im?rr such ' circumstances .woulifccrtainly be made fcpoo the Treasury. Set, strangely enough,, it was stated in debate, that the sum fir the Si. Louis harbor had bnen estimated and approved by the War Department! ; ' - . V..t nrl.'ila n-o rrrfio icith th Prpulrnt that the General Government cannot legitimately prosecute i. works of local internal improvement, we do not think that any distinction sh6ld be made in,.the protection cf our foreign and internal commerce. The idea is ludicrous! So far as the West is concerned how could we have foreign without internal commerce? The rivers and .lakes are just as much entitled to the supervision and care of-jthS General Government as the ocean ist'to the stfme'QXfcent.and no more. Mr. PougIas4 of IlIinis'töokUie right ground on this point when he said that "all distinctions between the right to protect commerce on the rivers, lakes, and the ocean must be repurfihtcd. There is do rcascn f r such distinction, and the very suggestion of it is odiou- from its palpable injustice. We must meet the broad question boldly, whether Congress has the right, Under the Constitution, to protect commerce on our nitigable voters?, nnd if so, it must apply to all alike. Tue West will never submit to an odious and unjust - iIscrimination, which lavishes rnill.ons on the seabord, and excludes the lakes ar.d rivers from all participation. They must all be placed on the same fxtirj2 and share alike in the favors, and burdens of government. It seems to us that when Weftern politicians can rind some each common ground of anion as here indicated, and can avoid mere local improvements, we shall no. lunger be troubled by Presidential vetoes. On the question of the passage of the bill, the Pre-sidei-t'a objections to the contrary notwithstanding, the vote in the House was as follows: Atei Mcs'ii. A! bott, John Qairicy Adams, Arnold, Ab- . fnus, Ebnehard, Dowhn, B.inkerhoti, Wm. W. Campbell, John U. CaupLcll, Carroll, Catbcart, Jubn G Cbtpmao.CooUble, Cranston, Culver, G. Da vi, LtMott, Dixon, Douglas, FJall, ElUwor h, John I!, twin;, Faiao, Kuot, Foster, Gilca, Ootx1yi, Giidcr, Gunnrll, Hampton, Harper, Henley, Ullas B. HoUnea, Hoogt. John W. Houston, Samuel 1). Hubbard, llal"n, Ilunpeifoid, Washington Hunt, Jamrs B. Hunt, thai If s J. lnrrnlt, Joseph R. Ingero!l, Jenkins. -I?aniei P. Km, TIum. Butler King. Lflb, Lewia. Levin, . Lirtn, Lor;, McC'.cI'.aaJ, Jjsejih J. McDuwell, McGiughey, Mctleny, .Mclllvaine,a Maish, Miller, Mont, Museley, Niven, Petti:, Pollork. Ramey, Ralbbun, Ucife, Julius Rockwell, J. ho A. Hock "e 1 1. R-xt, Hunk, Scltenrk, Seaman, Severance, Tiamon Smith, Albert mitb, 1 bom as 8fuih,Cle B. Smith. S'ant n, Stewart. St. John, Stiobm, Sykes. Thibodean, Thuma-HD, Bnj. Thompson, Jnct 1 hurnp'on, Thiii'hArt, Tibbait, Tildrn, Tiunbo, Vimon, Vntwor;h, Wbi'e, Wioihiop, Wood, Wiiglit, and Yuunj d. Nats Messrs. Stephen Adams. Anderson, Atkinson, Barlinger, B ijly, t'eliner, Bnl n, Iü.ks, James Blick. James A. Black, Lod, HiokebLroii:h, B idhead. Bült, Reuben Claprnn, Chse, CUike, Cot. t, CoHip, Crtzier, Cullom, Cvnnin'im, Daniel, Diibbii-, Dockeiy, .D:omiole, Dunlap, Erdmin, Ftikiin, Gar in. GoidO'i, Gialiam, Giover, Ham'in, lijraln, Harmanoiti. liilliaid. Huce, laac H Holme. Hopkins, Geoijre S. H.utii, Ktlrouiid W. Liubard, Hunter, Jrne H. J irtni'M), J.xrpW Jo'i'i.on, Andiew J ba-on, Geo. W. Jone,$eab m Junes, Kaufman, Pies'un Kir, Lawirnce, Leake. Lumpkin, M-c'ay, McCtear., McClrrnaid, McConell. MrCrte. James Mrüowell. McKar. Barclav Martin. Moie, .Muultn, jorTt,tiwen, raifb, Payne, I erry, Phelps, PilUtaiy, lieid. RI.ett, Bitter, Rcbei lfr Swtelle, Sawyer, ramtnon, Sexld , Alexai drr D. iin, Le nard II. im, Simpson. Siii'(j. T'umw, Town, Tiedway, Wirk, Williams, Wiimjt, Woolwa d, Woodoth, and Von 91. ilr. 2-Iartin of Kentucky, who wns absent wheo tie Mil wai calU-d, gave notice tiiat if he bad voted he should have rt)tei ogninst the bill. . - . Sj Uvo-thirJi not rutinj in the afTrmative, as re-q-iircd by the constitution in such cases, the bill was rejecUd. ; - '. ..-- aaaaaMaaaaa aaBMaiBwwBwaaaBaaiiM ' ' Cj-Tue Secretary of State Las as yet furnished no cficial account of the votes polled at the late election, for publication as he is required t do by law. This the reason why we do not give the ogiciaJ report in cur columr.s. . CWe disagree almost in lota from our correspondent S. on the sulject of Capital punishment.." If f ome other correspondent does not reUeve us fro;n the task, we sl.all examine some of his argument on the rst favorable occasion.

The Democratic Majority. Contrary to our first expectations, it now appears likely that the majority for Gov. Wbitcomb will exceed that given for President Polk, and come quite rp to 20(10. The aggregate vote how ever will fall ofT very much. There was no excitement to cause the people to turn out iu full strength, and it is not improbable that if the Whig papers had been less abusive, Gov. W. might have been defeated by the apathy of our own party. . In view of the majority for Governor, it ii hard to reconcile ourselves to the probable loss of the House of Representatives. We are entitled by our party strength to a majority in that House, but by the election of Whigs in such strong democratic counties as

Johnson, Clark, &c, it is lost to us. The democracy of some of Use counties had local difficulties, it appears, which could only be adjusted at the polls the court of last report in politics. It "knocks tri out of the books," probably, for the Stale Printing ; bat who it will knock in is a much harder matter to decide, upon. If ice don't work for the Statte, ' however, we shall 'havV an opportunity to work a great deal harder for the-people. The whigs can't hinder us from dying that. ' .' The next Legislature has also to elect a State Auditor and Slate Treasurer, as well as Slate Trinter. We don't believe however that a small Whig majori ty will turn out the present incumbents of those offi ces.' If they should, .we 6hall witness the curious spectacle of a State which has fcr three years given a dear democratic popular majority, with a majority of the executive and legislative oßices in the band of the Whigs. Verily, the Whigs know how to get into and keep oSce, whether 'the people are willing or not. -?- ""'-'"'-'; The Veto Power. In the judgment of the Intelligrneer saye the Washington Union,, the veto power which the constitution has lodged In the President is a "one man power, unsuitable in a "repub lic." The founders of ouc institutions thought oth erwise. They regarded the veto power as a preroga-t tive conferred upon the President in his character as a representative of the whole people, and to be wielded at once in defence of the constitution, and in protection of the right of minorities. The share of the Executive irr legUlutioQ stands upon precisely the same general reason of. policy, as that which divides the legislative power into two houses, constituted upon a wholly different basis of representation The House of Representatives has one constituency. The Senate has another constituency. And the President has a third constituency, distinct from either of the others. The will of each of these constituencicsls represented in every law which passes both houses of Congress and receive the Executive sanction. Taken together, these three constituencies make up a close approximation to the entiro popular will. , And precisely with this object a substantial right of veto upon any law was given to each of the three co-ordinate branches of the government, which must concur in evry act of legislation. To call the Presidential veto a "one man power, is just as absurd as it would be to call the Senate a ''fifty-four-man power." In either case the power is popular power, delegated and organized bv the constitution. J3ut this circumstance is most remarkable that whether it be a "one-man power" or not, .the veto has almost always been exerted.in such a manner as t prevent, that one man from securing to himself more patronarre and power. Mr. folk's veto to-day,' for . instance, arrests the power of o spending near one anda half millions of dollars, under his eye,.wlth a corresponding number of ofEcers or board?! who could be subject to his patronage. . 07-Two of the most distinguished editors of Illinois have recently deceased. JJr. Matlack, of the Nauvoo Eagle, a new paper which was, under his direction, advancing to great popularity, and who was formerly an associate of Horace Gretly in the 'New Yorker;' and -'William Walters for many years the Editor of the State Register. The latter had but recently enrolled himself as a private in one of the volunteer companies from IlfihoisanM "proceeded to the place of rendezvous. -He was subsequently appointed a commissary by the President, and while at SL Louis preparing to attend to the duties thus devolved cn him, he was taken ill and died. His remains, we learn by the Reporter, were to be taken to Illinois for interment. The citizens öf Illinois, we doubt not, will deeply regret this bereavement. I, i a i i i u ' CrThe Union of the Gib, in relation to certain rumors, says : We are not advised that any messenger has arrived from Mexico," or that any overture has been made by her to the governmental Washington. What prospect there may be for peace, and at what period it may be effected, we cannot undertake to conjecture; though it is certain that the President will make good his repeated declarations to conclude a peace, as soon as he can do so consistently with the rights of the United States. But it is equally certain that these public and repeated allusions of the Whigs to peace, and their desire to obtain it by relaxing the energetic prosecution of the war, are unfortunately the very worst means to secure the object we desire. C-Thc N. Y. News justly remarks that "vulgar, weak and narrow minds are continually devising homilies upon the terrible unintellectuality and debasing tendencies of partisan politics. They forget that this same ''partisan politics" rules the country, preserves its honor and integrity, makes its laws, elevates its able men, and sends into obscurity its bad ones. "Partisan pjlitics" is the great pivot upon which all our great revolutions of government are made, and the man who is competent to take a prominent part in such movements must possoss both mind and character. "Politics" is defined as "the science of government." What woulJ the science degenerate into'if there were no "pirties!" This cant about "low politics" is a great hobby with weak-brained men. Or-The Wabash Express, ediU'd by a discarded Clerk of the General Land oßice, by Dick Thompson, and some dozen other political loafers, and the New j Albany Bulletin, edited by. Darnell, and others of the same character, must feel rich at the result of the late election! They ehowered their" blackguardism i and abuse upon" Whitcomb without stint ; yet Whitcomb gets a majority in the Whig county cf Floyd, und gains on the Whigs in Vigo, Last evening an effigy of George M. Dallas was paraded through the streets of Alleghany city, accompanied with music and banner bearing the inrtcription "' George Mijlin Dallas, the base ingrate. Alas! poor Pennsylvania!" The eQigy was afterwards burnt on Seminary Hill, amid the shouts of the multitude. The l7air was got up by the hands employed in the iron works of Messrs. Bisell ct Semple, Alleghany city. Pillaburgh Chronicle. Avg. 4. . Thcec effigy burners are taking the proper course to make- Mr. Dallas President. Let them go ahead ! , CrThe President communicated the Oregon treaty, as ratified by the Britich government, to the Senate, on the 6;h. In the House, came day, a bill respecting Oregon territory was passed. . ' Tjie CinsET. The Union says there is to be no change in the cabinet, and with the free consent of all its mfmters, as it was in March, 1915, so it will be in Angost, 1346. ,f - - - -' ; - "-' aaaaai aajaaa aaal . 4 ' Fop. A fop in fine clothe is like a ciuamon tree.

j the bark is worth more than the body.

I

AL GUST EIXCTIOX, 11C. Governor's Election.

Jjr. IFAi'f. Clay. To. Adami, M .IM 2S6 AUen, . 9 Bartholomew. 843 $:i9 1033 106S Bctiton, 27 40 C9 Blackford, 1 SI 25 Boone, : 80 818 871 Brown. 347 59 432 Carroll. 155 7li 965 Cat. - '114 76? 671 Cla.k, 169 - 1132 14.7 Clay. 347 P97 4 29 6 62 Clinton, ... 6S9 HI , 645 544 Crawfurd,, 1 - 462 397 Daviess, 62 ; W7 761 'Dearborn, " 1232 1615 -.1615 , . 1971 I Decatur, . - 1C09 S97 1175 109t . Dekalb. 219 -368 269 ' 327 Delaware, 134 642 910 732 Dubois, - 177 496 229 601 Elkhait, S26 753" V Fayette, 270 1051 ' 90S Floyd. 921 929 9C5 931 Fountain, 778 1100 917 1337' Franklin, 1109 13SI 1325 15S4 Fulton, 8 344 308 Gibson' : 44 ' ' 796 810 Graut. V - V .IM S53 4i3 G.tene, ".V . 677 S04 762 - 9C9 Hamilton, 733 633 859 7GC Hancock,- '. , 27 719 73ß Hartisoo, . !: 100S 971 1252 ' 1144 Hendiicki. ' . 3S0 1262 844 Henry, 1130 814 1453 1005 Huntington,' , '- . 63 277 316 Jackson, : 530 803 662 1043 Ja.per, ' . 123 175 J,TV - : " - ' 7 1 352 Jefferson, . ' -' 459 ' 1835 1427 Jennin,. .130 872 669 Johnson. -634 973 659 1150 Knox, 862 666 1079 821 Kosciufko," . 1 '. 200 623 553 Lagrange, ' . , . 40 ' 690 457 Lake, . 114 206 Laporte, 150. 1009 831 Lawrence, 81 1019 10S5 Madison, . 131. 813 854 Marion, 73 1715 1634 Marshall, 79 199 256 Marlin, 249 276 516 Miami, 523 682 663 517 Monroe, 703 1002 721 IMS Moiitjromerr," 1390 1396 1450 1521 Morgan, - 41 1023 1073 Noble, 60 390 43S Ohio. 80 193 163 Orange, 302 707 1036 Owen. 124 754 888 Puke, 1215 1249 1377 1329 p,y 664 334 Pike, . ' ' 4Ö9 ' 431 Perler, . 311 305.; Posev- 671 .673 - . 1154 - PolasViV 20 . 123 :':-124 Putnam,. 1420 1327 1540 1367 Randolph, 842 751 SIS - 809 Ripley: 19 . 1060 903 Rusbi 1370 1208 ' 15S0 1362 Sott, 67 481 441 Shelby, 943 1075 1107 1342 pencer, 613 490 5SS 49S Steuben, 323 303 SL Joseph, 755 702 893 - 6S3 Sullivan, 750 464 ..- 1 221 Switzerland, SS9 w . 870- 961 1006 Tippecanoe, "29 1550 155t ' TM.n. 40 100 119. Uoi.n, . 27 6S2 672 Vaiideiburgh, 524 5,0 675 556 Vei million, 37 787. 7t2 Vigo, , 1272 837 1515 856 Wabab, ' '- - , 36 601 575 Warren, 245 779 470 Warrick, 314 823 394 850 Washington, 1039 1334 1149 1660 Wayne, 670 2321 1436 Well. 84. 185 306 White." . ; 27 259 213 Whitley, ... . . 22 237 - ' ' ' 67.867 70,181 Senators. 1S45. 1S46.

Counties. Names.

D. W. D. W. 1 0 10 10 10 0 1 0 1 10 10 0 1 1 0 10 10 10 10 1 0 10 10 0 1 10 10 0 10 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1.0 1 10 10 10 10 0 10 1 10 10 0 10 1 0 10 1 0 10 1 1 0 1 0 1 ' 0 I 0 10 10 0-1.0 1 0 10 1 0.1 0 1 10. .0 1 0 r i o 1 0 1 0 0 10 1 1 Ö 10 0 10 1 1 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 10 1 0 . .. 1-0 1 0-10 1 10 1 0 10 10 0 1 1' o 0 1 10 0 10 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1' 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 2 0 2 10 I o

Allen, A. W. and IL, Wm. Rockhill, Bartholomew and J., II. II. Baibour, Brown and M., ' II II I T W. W.Conner, Wm. Berry, C. Tafxr, Jas G. Read. P. Waters, II. Miller, R. C. Clements, J is. P. Milikin, ' Jot. Robimon, Abram Ctippy, Henry Simpson, J. S. Davis, Ceo. Berry, R. Winchell, B. B. Edmonston, 8, A. Verbrike, Jobri Zenor, E. Murphey A. Jackson,' . D. English, F. Hardin, S. Goodenow, A. T. Elli, II. (lamer, .. A. L Osborn, Wm. Stewart, : P. M. Paiks, -John Beard, M. Marth, . A. F. Alli.on, W. H StockweU, W. G. Coffin, A. D. Hamrick, . Jesse Morgan, Ca, M. aod W., Clatk. Carroll and Clinton, Crawford, DiViei a cd M-, Dearborn, Decatur, - Elkhart, &c, Fayette and Union, Floyd, Fountain, Franklin, Giant and D., Gibson, P. and D., Hendricks, Harrison, Hciirjr, Hancock and M., : Jackson, Johnson, Jeffeiaon, Knox, Lawience, Laporte, P. aod L., Marion, Morgan, Montgomery, Noble, fc., Owen and Greene, Posey and V. Farke, , Putnam, Rush, Ripley. It. J. Bowers, Randolph, B. aod J , Dixon Milligan, Shelby, A. C. Handy, Switzerland and O., M. R. Green. St Joseph, M. and F., Lot Day, Tippecanoe, U. S. Orth, Vermillion, Vigo, S. aod C, Warten, fee., Warrick, Wayne, Washingtca,' S. Chenowith, Jas. IL Henry, D. Montgomery, M, J. Howell, C AJ M. Bradbury,'? D. P. IIolloway,5 E. D. Logan, 25 25 - 36 - 24. Tbose in Italics are new members. Representatives.

d. w. d: w. Adams and Well, 1 . 0 Laporte, 0 2 Allen, 0 1 Lawrence, 1 0 Baitholmiew, 1 0 Madison, 1 0 ; Blackfoid and Jay, 0 0 Marion, 0 3. Boone, - . 1 0 Marshall and F., 1 O Brown,.''. 10 Miami, -l 0 Carroll, i.- .1 .0 Mooioe, c - . I.- .0 Cass aod It-, 1 1 Montgomery, . Q . . 2 Clatk, 1 1 Morgan, . ." ' 1' 0 Clay, 10. Noble, 0,. 0 Clinton and Tipton, 0 1 Owen, :' l' 0 Crawford and O., 1 0 . Parke, I I Deaiborn, 2 0- Perry, 0 0, Decatur, 0 1.. Tike, 0 0 Daviess and Martin, 0 1 Potter and Lake, 0 0 Dclawaie, 0 1 Poey,- ' 2 0 Dübois, 1 0 Putnam,- I ' 1 . Elkhart, . . 1 0 Randolph, ''- 0 1 1.. Fayette,. . 0 1 Ripley, ' O '. 1 Floyd, 0 1 Ru-h, ..-'.0 2 Fountain,. : 1.- 0 Scott, 0 . .1, Franklin, 2 0 Slielb.v, .1. 0 Gibson, 1 ' .0 Spencer, ' O . . 1 Giant, 10 Steuben and DekalbO 0 Greene, .0 0 St. Joseph, 0 1 Hamilton, 'I 1 Sullivan, - - 2 0 Hancock, 10 Switzeilaod and O., 0 " t : Harrison, . 0 1. Tip,ecauo, '. 1 '1. Hcndiicks, .0 1 Union. - 0 1 Henry, 0 2 Vanderburgh, 0 1 Huntingtan, fkc. 0 .0 Vermillion, . : ;.'0 ,1 Jackson, 10 Vigo, :'. -0, J 2 Jefferson, 0 3 Wabash, - ' 0 1 Jennings, O 1 Warren,, .0 1 Johnson, ' 0 .1 Warrirk, 1 ' 0 Knox;'-' ' 0 1 White, Pulaski, tc 10 K.ciuVo, v. 0 1 Washington, . 1 1 Lagrange, . 0 1 Wayne, . 0 4

0-Some of the counties gare veryJarge majorities in favor of a State Convention. otbvrs as largoagainst. We have not been able to ascertain which preponderates. -''.''-' ;'.'-' O-The TJ. S. Senate, on the 4th', cOnfirrrifd the nomination of Col. James Page, as Collector of the port of Philadelphia, and Judge Grier, of Pittsburgh, as Judge of the Supreme Court, in place of Judge Baldwin, deceased. : - It appears by the letters from the " Army of Invasion," that the soldiers are gloriously swindled by the Sutlers. One letter states, I can positively buy more in Mobile with fifty cents than with five dollars here." There is nothing surprising about this. It is in accordance with immemorial usage. Oh! CW-perI A correspondent of the Mirror asks for "A lode io lome vast clover field, ; Some boundless contiguity of hay."

The Tclo. ! We copy the Message of the President giving his reasons for not signing the River and Hirbor Appropriation bill, as it appears in the Union of the 3d inst. To the Home of Rtpreientatitet : I bare connidered lbs bill entitled "An act making appropriation for the impiovenient of certain harbors snd river," with lbs care which it importance demands, and now return the same to the House of Representative in which it originated,' with my ol j -ciions to it becoming a law. The bill proposes to appropriate one million three hundred snd severity-eight thousand four hundred and fifty dotUrs to ha applied to jnnre lhaa forty distinct and separat ol jects of improvement. On examining its provisions, and the variety of object ol improvement vhich

it embraces, n any of ihetn of s local character, it is dimcu!t to conceive, if it shall- be ' sanctioned and becoma a law, what practical constitutions! restraint can hrreafter be imposed up-m the moat eitenJeJ sj stern of internal improvement by the federal government in all parts of the Union. Tbs constitution has not, in my judgment, conferred cpon the federal government the power to con etruct work of internal improvement within the States, or to appropriate money from tbe treasury for that purpose. That thi bill assrjjnea f r the federal government the rigtil to exercise thi power, cannot, I think, be doubted. The approved course of the government, arid tbe deliberately expressed judgment of the people, bave denied (he existence of such a power unJcr the constitution. Several uf my predecessors have denied its existence in tbe most lo'tmn form. ' 1 The general proposition that the federal government does not possess this power is so well aeu'vdyarid ha f r a considerable period been so generally acq'.iesred in, that it fs not dfeined necessary to reiterate lbs argument by which it i sustained. Hot do I deem it necessary, after the full'stid elaborate disrus.-ions which have taken place before lbs country on this subject, to do mors than state the general considerations which have satifß.-d me of the unconstitutionality and inexpediency cf the exercise of such s power, It is not questioned that the federal government i one of limited powers. Its powers are cucb, and such only as are expressly granted in the constitution, or aie properly incident to the expressly granted powers, and necessary to their execution. .In determining whether a given power bas been granteJ, a eiond rule f construction has been laid down by Mr, Madiaoo. That rule is, that "whenever a question arises concerning a particular power, the first question is, whether the power le expres-ed in the const! tuiion- ' If it be, the question is decided. If it be not x preeseJ, the next enquiry must be, whether it is properly sn incident to sn expressed power, and necessary to its execution. If it be, it may be exercised by Congress. If it be not. Congress cannot exercise it." It is not pretended that there is any express grant in the constitution conferring on Congress the power in quotion. Is it then sn incidental power, necessary and proper for the execution of any of the granted powers ! - All the granted powers, it is eonfi lently affirmed, may bä effectually executed without I ha aid of such an incident. "A power to be incidental must not be exercüed for end which make it a principal or substantive power, independent of the principal power to which it is an incident." It is nut enough that it may be regarded by Congress as convenient, or that its exercixe woo'd advance tha punlic weal.". It must be Hicersury and proper to the execution of the principal expressed power to which it is an incident, and without which such principal power cannot be carried into effcet. The whole frame of the federal constitution proves that the government which it creates was intended to be one of limited and specified powers. A construction of the constitution so broad ss that by which the power in question is defended, tends imperceptibly to a consolidation of power in a government intended by its framers to be thus limited in its authority. "The obvious tendency and inevitable result of a consolidation of the States into one sovereignty would be to transform the republican system of the United States into a monarchy." To guard aga fisj the assumption of sll powers which encroach upon the reserved sovereignty of ths States, and which consequently tend to con. soliJation, is the duly of all the true friends of our political system. That the power in question is not properly an incident to any rf the granteJ powers, I am fully satisfied ; but if there were doubts on this subject, experience has demonstrated the wisdom of the rule that all the functionaries of ths federal goverornents&9u'd abstain from the exercise of all questionable or doubtful powers. If an enlargement of ths powers of the federal government shou'd be deemeJ proper, it is safer and wiser to appeal to the Slate inj the people in the mode prescribed by the constitution for the grsnt desired, than to assume its exercise without an amendment of the constitution. If Congress does not possess the general power to construct works of internal improvement within the States, or to appropriate money from the treasury f r thst purp se, what is there to exempt some, at least, of the objects of spproprialian included in this bill from the operation of tbe general rule J Thi bill assumes the existence of the powers snd in soma of its provisions asserts the principle, that Congress may avxerciss it as fully as thotiph the appropriations which it proposes were applicable to the construction of roads and canals. If there be a distinction in piinciple, it is not perceived, end should be clearly d fined. Some of tbe oljects of appropriation contained in this till are local in their character, and lie within (he limits of a single Stale ; and though in the language of (he" bill, they are called harbors, they are not connected with foreign ' commerce, nor are they places of refuge or shelter for our psvy, or commercial marine on the ocean or lake shore. ' To call the mouth of a ereek, or a shallow tilet on' onr coast, a harbor, cannot confer the authority to expend the public money in its improvement. Congress have exercised the power coeval with the constitution of establishing light-homes, beacons, buoys, and piers on ear ocean snd Isks shores, for the purpose of rendering navigation safe and easy, and of affording protection and shelter for our navy and other shipping. These are safeguards placed in existing chinnels of navigation. After the long acquiescence of the government through all preceding administrations, I stj not disposed to question or disturb the authority to make appropriations for such purposes. , ... When we advance a step -beyond this point, and in addition to the establishment and support, by appropriations from the treasury, of light-houses, beacons, buoys, piers, and other improvements within the bays, inlets, and har bors on our ocean and lake coasts, immediately connected with our foreign commerce, and attempt to make improve-

ment in the interior at points unconnected with foreign' T U0E' olcxteeks kequlred feom Missouri.eommerce. and where thev are not needed for the nrotee-1 ieut 1IaSner of tIie U. S. Army, arrived at St

lion and security of our navy and commercial mtrine, the r . . . . difficulty arises in drawing a line beyond which appropri ations miy not be made by the federal government. One of my predecessors, who saw the evil consequences of the system proposed to be revived by this bill, attempt ed to define this line by declaring that, "expenditures of this character should be "confined belo-m the ports of en try or delivery established bylaw!" Acting on this restriction, ha withheld bis sanction from a bill which had passed Congress ta improve the navigation of tha Wa bash river." He was at the same time "sensible that this restriction was not ss satisfactory as could be desired, and that much embarrassment may be caused to the executive department in its execution, by appropriations for remote and not well understood ol j-cts. J his restriction, it was soon found, was subject to be evaded, and reodered comparatively useless in checking the system of improve' menu which it was designed to arrest, in conspquence of the facility with which ports of entry and delivery may be established by law upon tbe upper waters, snd in some in stances, almost at the head springs cf some of the most unimportant of our rivers, and at points on -our coast pos sess ng no commercial Importance, and not used as places of refuge and safely by our navy, and other shipping. Many of the ports of entry and delivery now authorised by law, so far ss foreign commerce is concerned, exist only in the statute' bocks. No entry of foreign goods is ever made, and no duties are ever Collected at them. No ex ports of American products bound for foreign countries, ever clear from them. To assume that their existence in the statute bonks ss ports of entry or delivery warrant ex penditures on the waters leading to them, which would be otherwise unauthorized, would be to assert the proposition, that tha law-making power may engraft new provisions on the constitution. If the restriction to a sound one, it can only apply to the bays, inlets, and rivers connected with or leading to auch ports ss actually have foreign commerce; ports at which foreign importations arrive in bulk, paying the duties charged by law, and ftotn which exports ara made to foreign countries. It will be found by applyirg tha restriction thus understood to tha bill under considera tion, that, it contains appropriations for more than twenty objects of internal Improvement. ca'Ied in the bill harbors, at places which have never been declared by Law either ports of entry fr delivery, and al which, aa appears from the records of the treasury, there has never been an arrival of f ireign merchandise, and from which there has never been a ttnA cleared for a foreign country. It will be found that many of these works are new, and at, places for the improvement of which appropriations are now for the first time proposed. It will be found, also, that the bill contains appropriations for rivers upon which there not only exists no foreign commerce, but open which thera bas not been established even a paper porl'of entry, and for the mouths of creeks, denominated harbors, which if improved can benefit only tbe particular neighborhood in which they are situated. It will be found, too, to contsin appropriations the expenditure of which will only hive the effect of improving one place at the expense of the local, nataral advantages of another in its vicinity. . Should this bill become a law the same Principle which authorizes the appropriations which it proposes to make, would also I .ml...:.. ::i i ..e.ii'

autnorixe similar sppropnatiocs for the improvement of ill. to tnis llio lees 01 tsiieriti and cicrK, and it win protbe other biys, jpjets, ind creeks, which may with eq-I bably be little short of $1,000! 1

a. - - a ..1

propriety be called harbors, and of II the rivers, importsnt or unimportant, in every part of the Union. To sanction the bill with such provisions, would be to concede

tbe principle that the federal government possesses toe power to expend the public money in general system f internal improvements, limited in its extent only by the ever varying discretion of successive Congresses snJ successive Executives. It would be to efTice and remove the limitaiiona and restrictions of power which the constitution has' wisely provided to limit the authority and action of the federal government to a few wrtl-defined and specified objects. Besides these ol jeclions. the practical evils which must flw from the exercise, on the part of the federa! government, of the powers asserted in this bill, im press my mind with a grave sense of my duty to evert them from tbs country, as far as my constitutional action may enable me to do so. - - It not only lesJs to a consolidation of power in the federal government st tha expense of the rightful authority of the States, but its inevitable tendency is, to embrace oljects for the expenditure of the publie moneyvwhich are local in their character, benebltir.g but lew at to ex pense of the common treasury of the whole. It will engenJer sectional feelings snd prejudices calculated to disturb the harmony of the Union. It will destroy the bsrmony which should prevail in our counsels. It will produce combinations of local and sectional interests, strong enough, when nnited, to carry propositions for appropriations of public snonev which could not of themselves, and standing alone, succeed, and cannot fail to lead to wasteful and extravagant expenditures. ' It must produce a disreputable scramble for the public money, by the coi.flict which is inseparable from euch a sj stem, between local and individual interests and the eeneral interest of the whole. It is oniust to those frtatrs which have with their own means constructed their own internal improvements to make from the common treasury appropriations for similar improvements in other states. In its operation it will be oppressive and ur just towards those States whose representatives and people either deny or doobt the existence of the power, or think its exercise inexpedient, and who, while they equally contribute to the treasury, cannot consistently with their opinions en gage in the genersl competition for a share of the public money. Thus a large portion of the Union, in numbers and in geographical extent, contributing it equal proportion of taxes to the support of the government, would, under the operstion of such a system, be compelled to see the national treasure the common stork of all unequally disbursed, and often unprovidently wasted for the advan tage of. small sections, instead of being applied to tbe great national purposes in which all have a common inte rest, and f.r which alone the power to collect the revenue was given. .' Shonld ike system of internal improvements proposed prevail, all these evils will multiply and increase whh the increase of the number of the States, and the extension of the geographical limits of the settled portions of our country. With the increase of our numbers snd the extension-of our settlements, the local oljects demanding appropriations of the public money for their improvement wilt be proportionately increased. In each case the expenditure of the public money wculd confer benefits, direct or indirect, only on a section, while these sections would become daily less in comparison with the whole. The wisdom of the framers of the Constitution in withholding power, over such oljects from the federst government, and leaving them to the local governments of tbe Stales, becomes more and more manifest with every year's experience of our system. ' In a country of limited extent, with but few such objects of expenditure, (if the form of government permitted it.) a common treasury might be oed for their Improvement with much less inequality and injustice then in one of the vast extent which ours now presents in population and territory. The treasure cf the world would hardly be equal to the improvement of every bay, inlet, creek and river in our country which might be supposed to promote the agricultural, manufacturing, or commercial interests of a i eighborhood. The federal constitution was wisely adapted in its provisions to any expansion of our limits and population ; and with the advance of the confederacy of the States in the career of national greatness, it becomes the more apparent that tbe harmony of the Union, and the equal justice to which all it parts are entitled, require that the federal government should confine its sction within the limits precribed by the constitution to its power and authority. Some of the provisions of this bill are not sul j-ct to the objections stated, and did they stand alone I should not feel it tn be my duty to withhold my approval. If no constitutional objections existed to the bill, there sre others of a serious nature which deserve some consideration. It appropriates between one and two millions of dollars for objects which are of no pressing necessity ; and this is proposed st a time when the country is engaged in a foreign war, and when Congress at its present session has authorized a loan or Che issue of treasury notes to defray the expenses of ths war, to be resorted to if the " exigences of the government shall require it," It would seem to be the dictate of wisdom under such circumstances to husband opr means, and not to waste them on comparatively unimportant objects, so that we may reduce the loan or issue of treasury notes which may', become necessary to the smallest practicable sum. It would-seem to be wise too, to abstain from such expenditures with a view to avoid the accumulation of a large public debt, tbe existence of which would be opposed to the interests of our people, as well ss to the genius of our free institutions. Should this bill become a law, the piinciple which it estsblishes will inevitably lead to large and annually increasing. appropriations and drains upon the treasury, for it is not to be doubted that numerous other localities not embraced 1n Ks provisions, but quite as much entitled to the favor of the government as those which sre embraced, will demand, through their representatives in Congress, to be placed on an equal footing with them. With such an increase of expenditure must necessarily follow either an increased publie debt, or increased burdens upon the people by .taxation, to supply the treasury with ths means of meetiug the accumulated demands upon it With profound respect for the opinions of Congress, and ever anxious, as far as I can consistently with my responsibility to our tomTion constituents, to co-operate with them in tha discharge of our respective duties, it is with unfeigned regret that I find myself constrained, for the reasons which I have assigned, to withhold my approval from this bill. "-'V JAMES K. POLK. Wash! XQTOr, August 3J, 1846. ar -ar aMissouri. IjlMlinn ll.a Oail. A'irn T.rv. W ..UI T I. reported that he v. as sent west for the purpose of ordering Col. Baker's regiment of Illinois volunteers to join General Kearney's command : that, in the event or Lol. .Baker 8 regiment having left for the South, he was then to deliver a requisition on Gov. Edwards, for one regiment of Infantry, to take the same direction. Lieut. Hagner left for Jefferson city the same evening. As great despatch" will have to bo used in raising and organizing this regiment, we suppose the return mail will bring us the Governor's orders on the subject. Oceax Race. The steamers Cambria and Great Britain commenced a race of four thousand miles on Saturday, one from Boston and the other from New York. Tbe result of this race will settle forever the utility of - the crew, or submerged propeller ;. and great interest is felt as to the result by 6hip builders and commercial men. The Cambria is considered the. fastest of tbe Cunard line; and has made the shortest passage on record between the two countries. It is said that the captains of both these splendid vessels are determined not to go faster than on ordinary occasions, and feel as much interested in the result as others do. It will be a fair trial between the side wheels and the propeller. ,r ' A real w"0bkin'g max. A Mr. Maury, in a stump address to the electors, that is, the people, of Mississippiwhere the judges are chosen by the peoplesets forth his qualifications for the office of Chancellor. Among other things, he mentions that be held the office of Circuit Judge for four years, in which time "fifty thousand cases were tried and determined" before him. .In fou'ryears there are 1,252 days, excluding Sundays: Mr. -Maury, therefore, must have heard and determined about thirty-nine cases every day; which is a rapidity of judicial operation only to be emulated by a Turkish cadi or a Chinese mandarin these functionaries being more noted for speed in deciding than for careful and ample consideration. aaaaaaaaaa..BB.BBBBBBBä.aBBaaBiB-aaBBaBBSBBiaaa.aaiaaaa1 - Oregon Txdians. The Nes Praces Indians, in Oregon are said to be making considerable progress in civilization. .They inhabit a desirable country, and are paying attention to agriculture, and have a large number of horses and cattle. They are more neat in their habits than other tribes of Indians. Some missionaries have established schoota among them. Mr. Spalding haa translated a portion of the Scriptures into their language. It is written with English letters but Indian words. Expenses of Murdf.i Trials. The amount of; county checks issued to julges, jurors, constables, and criers, for their services at the special terra of Oyer and Terminer, in Cayuga, New York, holden for the trials of Wyalt and freeman, was 3,009 03. - Add . .a 4 mm . tm m a a. '11

Capital Punishment.

To the Editors of the State Stntinel: Gentlemen : In your weekly paper the ou oi July, I lind among the editorial, the following : ' Legal Mcrde. Albany, Tuesday evening. July 14. John Barnett was executed at Schenectady this aitemoon, for the murder of cymoerger, in denohaire county, sometime last winter. He died a dreadful death; Lfe not being extinct until twenty minutes after the bolt was drawn from the drop, lbus the tragedy ends legally. When will law-maker learn that ' the wor&t use you can put a man to is to hang him 1" It is true there are many among ns in the community, that are inclined to the opinion that capital punishment should not be inflicted in any case that the murderer should not die. Dut there are also many of a different opinion, one of wh m I frankly confess myself to bo. And though our legislature, last winter, virtually abolished capital punishment in this State, I am not yet convinced that that act was a proper and correct one. The rulers (in this country the people, the sopreme power being lodged in them) "are God's minister's, executioners of his will and of his vengeance, ordained to wait upon him and tn execute his mandates." Inspiration hath said that the ruler bareth not the sword in va;n." Is it not rational to conclude that if be do bear it in vain, it will be taken from him and given to another who will bear it not ix vaix ! Why is a stcord given to him if he ßhould not use it! And if he use it as God's revenger to execute wrath upon him that doeth evil," must bisset in discharge of that office be called " Legal Murder ! !' Must he be called a murderer ! He being the minister cf God, if he be a murderer, of necessity, God must also be a murderer ! I incline to the opinion that the Ruler of the universe now, as in the days of Noah, "at the hand of every man's brother, will require the Jife of man." I also think that now as 3000 years ago " the land cannot be cleansed of the blood that is shed therein, but by the blood of him that shed it. I know many others who are of the same opinion. My impression is, that there is avdertded majority of the people of this community who are of the tame opinion, or who would be, on proper reflection and examination of the subject. But should we be found to be. in the minority. " a decent respect for the opinions of this portion of mankind," might suggest the propriety of a phraseology d.fferent from thai of the above article. An inquiry very naturally rises in my mind. Why say of th? murderer Euruett, . He died a dreadful death ; life not being extinct until twenty minutes (!) after the bolt was drawn from the drop ;" and not say of the murdered Sotnberger, " The horrors of bis death were beyond description ; the mortal wounds were inflicted on him by the murderer, on Friday evening, and after lingering in continued pain of the most excruciating character, until Monday evening, be expired, leaving a wife and five young children to mourn L'ieir bereavement, and who were almost distracted on account of the loss of him J" I do not say that this is true of Somberger ; but I say it is literally true of a case that occurred some years ago, in the town where I reside, and which fell under my own observation. Why should all the sympathy be excited in favor of the murderer, and the murdered go unwept and unsung, and none to punish his wrongs, or speak a sympathetic word in behalf of bim and of his irretrievably injured family ! And when God's avenger executes wrath on him that does the foul murderous evil, and cleanses the land of the blood that was shed therein, by the blood of him that ehed it, this must be called " legal murder !" And more. Thu6e who are disposed to look at the injury done the murdered, and sympathize with hira and his bereaved family, and faithfully (though it be a painful task) execute the high mandates of the Ruler of the Universe against the murderer, they must be sneered at ns in the extracts from the Brooklyn Eagle and N. Y. News, in your same paper above referred to. Such things smack of infidelity more than of philanthropy. Because the popular current is setting somewhat in favor of abolishing capital punishment, that popular impulse, it seems to me, is seized upon to 60w broad cast the seeds of infidelity under a guic of philanthropy. Do not understand me though, as charging you, gentlemen, with a disposition to spread infidelity. I think it is inndvertance in you that you have not sufficiently reflected on the subject and become apprised of the consequences. . I know it is usual to denounce the advocates of capital punishment as Rev. Divines, " sanctified advocates of death punishment" &.c, because more of them (and to their honor be it spoken) have lifted their voices and pens to discuss the question rationally, than any other class. I do not belong to that class. I belong, as you know, to the profession of the law. But if I can husband time enough from my necessary business, I have obtained my own consent to contribute my mite to forming a correct public sentiment on the subject. I think it high time to take up the matter seriously, and not lie still till the jibes and jeers of a morbid and mock philanthropy prejudice the public mind, and cause an incorrect public sentiment to be formed.- Therefore, if you will give me the use of your columns during the fall, I propose discussing the subject, either with you, if you choose to take the other side, or alone, as I can find time to write an essay. If you give this communication a place in the Sentinel, I shall write others, as I can, and send you. If you do not publish this communication, I shall take it as an intimation that you do not want the subject discussed in your paper. I am, gentlemen, Very respectfully, vours, &c, ,- " S. The Papal Election. Several of the papers have published, from the Courrier des Etats Vn is, an interesting account of the ceremonial attendant upon the death, election, and inauguration of the Bishop of Rome. The account is defective, in omittmg to state tlit material fact, that four of the Catholic powers of Europe Austria, France, Spain, and Portugal exercise each the privilege cf a 6'mgle veto on the choice of the Cardinals. That is, the Nuncio of each of these powers may, in the Conclave, annul the election of one obnoxious candidate, and exclude him from the canvass; but each is confined to a single exercise of this power. For an election, the suffrages of two-thirds of the Cardinals voting is requisite. In the Roms Souterraine, of Didier, a portion of which was a few years ago translated and republished in this country under another title, there is a graphic portraiture of the labors and struggles of the Conclave. The following paragraph, from the New York Freeman's Journal, refers to the interference of the temporal powers: "At the election of Pope, four powers, namely Austria, France, Spain, and Portugal have each the privilege of annulling the first election, should the cnoice or ine fcacred College be disagreeable to them. Cardinal Bernet, Archbistiop of Aix, or the Cardinal de la Tour d'Auvergne, it is 6aid, will exercise this power in the name of the French government. This is called the power of the "Veto," or "Exclusive." The Exclusive can only be used once by each power in each conclave; that is to say, when any candidate elected by the majority bas been declared excluded by the Cardinal Mandatery of one of the four pjwers, that faculty is exhausted, and' can no loager be opposed to any ulterior election. Of the four powers, Austria and France will probably alone exercise it. Spain is not in the enjoyment of full intercourse with the Holy See, and so forfeits Ler vmmgfvl right. Portugal, it is thought, b too weak to presume upo the privilege. This power of veto is but a slavery of the Church. In whatever reasons, right or otherwise, it took its origin, they have ceased to exist and the custom should be abolished." Toisoxed. The body of Mrs. Russell, wife of Dr. James G. Russell, of Oakland, Michigan, who recently died at that place, was disinterred on the 18th ult., in consequence of certain suspicions as to the cause of her death. The stomach of the deceased was submitted to Frofcssor Douglass, to be tested by chemical analysis. The Professor reported that he had detected arsenic by four different tests, and the coroner' jury therefore found a verdict of death by poison against her husband, anj he was taken inta custody. ' Considerate. About a week since a young nan id Salem, Massachusetts, lost a silver watch attached to a gold chain. A day or two afterwards he received the watch with the following note: "Salem, July 20. ".Sir: Your valch, on examination, I found was) not worth so much as the chain led me to think therefore I have returned it, hoping it would do you more good than it did me, The Tkixj."