Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 5, Number 27, Indianapolis, Marion County, 25 December 1845 — Page 3

Congress.

The National Defence. In the Senat of the United Slates, on Monday, December 15, ilr. Cats called for the reading of the following resohilion, presented by htm on the Dili instant : i2J(rfrerf, Thai the Cominiltee on Natal Affairs be inetructed to inquire into the condition of the N of the United Slates, od into the quantity and condition of the j naval supplies now on hand ; and whether an increase of mem is not necessary to the efiic ent onerationa of the . " . " w - i (aaa-iv'auua navy, an J to its preservation nnd augmentation ; and fen linn nti.t in.m.KMi;.,. . . n.i a - erally, into ita capacity fr delend.n our cant and our comraerce , and for Any amice the eiigenciei of ibe couna . "7 ""7 prooaoiy require. Rtsotctd, That the Committee on Military A dir be instructed to enquire into the condition of the national fortification and their ariramcnta, and whether other deleiiaive worka are necessary ; and into the condition and quantity of the military supplies; and into the state of ; ! the means pnssesaed ty the government for the defence oi me country. Resolved, That the Committee on the Slilitia be instructed to inquire into the present condition of that great branch of the public service, and into the state of thn milaia laws; and that they he further instructed to report such changes in the existing system as will give more experience and efficiency to that arm of defence, and will place it in the beat condition for protecting the country, should it be exposed to foreign invasion. Sir. Caas, in support of the resolutions, then rose and said : Mr. President : It ia impossible to peruse the President's message, and to observe the progres or public opinion in England, as this is indirated in the declarations of her atateamen in Parliament and in her daily journal, without bving aware, that a crisis is fist appioaching in the interconrse between that country and ours, which demand the serious consideration, and may require the cordial and active co-operation of the whole American people. The President has told us that ttio negotiations rerting Oregon, if they have not reached a clnse, have, at nuy rate, reiched a position almost equivalent to it. The claims of the respective nations are utterly irreconcilable ; and a compromise, by a voluntary sacrifice of a portion of their pretensions by one party, or by both, or a submission of the whole matter in controversy to some foreign power, seems the only alternative by which peare can be preserved. Our government has already declined t submit our rights to foreign arbitration. That is n process which, ondtr eqial circumstances, may well be adopted by in- j dependent nntions to terminate disputes, which would otherwise seek the arbitrament of war. It preserve Ihe honor of both parties, and ought to preserve the ju-t interest of both. Itsuhatitu'es reason tor force, and is therefore Suited to the advancing opinions of the age, and to Ihe duties and feeling of Christian communities. But these equal circumstances do not exist in our present dispute with England. There are obvious considerations, into which t need not enter here, growing out of the relative situation of that country and of oura, wiih those powers nf Emope from whom an arbitrator would almost necessarily he selected, and out of the influence she p0ee over loeir counsels, and, I may add. growing oat

of the nature of our institution, and the little favor these And we know that those communications to Mexico and enjoy at present upon the eastern continent, which may j In Texas contained large offers to prevent annexation, well have made the g-ivernm-nt hesitate to submit im- i But thanks to the onward course of our government, and portant interests, at this particular juncture, to such a tri- to the feelings and determination of the Texan people, bunat. It may well have thought it better to hold on to j this interposition was fruitless; as was the communicaoir right, and to hold on also to our remedy, rather than t lin to Mexico, il this were designed to embroil us with commit both to a royal arbitrator. War is a great cnl.un- j that rounrry. The vt ell-timed rebuk, administered by ltj, and Otisht l' be avoided by all proper means; but Jhe President in his message ,to the French government there are calamities gieater than war, and among these is . f"r its interposition in our a flairs with Texas, might, with national dishonor. I equal justice, have lrn administered to England ; and 1 I did not rise. sir. as will be tr.en. to discuss in whole I presume would have been bo, had not the President look-

or in part the question of our right to Oregon. That , ' subject will come up in it own time. There may be some difference nf opinion, as well In Congress as in the nation, respecting the territorial extent of that rilil; though I take this opportunity of expressing my entire and hearty concurrence in the claim a advanced by the President. But I am sure there is no great party, and I trust there are few individuals in this country, who are prepared, even in an extreme spirit of compromise, to accept the most liberal offer that England has yet made. Her pretensions and ours are so widely separated, that there seems no middle ground on which to meet. Our most moderate claim, and her most liberal ofler, leaves the parties asunder by seven degrees of latitude, and by a large portion of the territory in question. What, then, is our condition ? Can we recede ? Can we stand still ? Or must we advance i A to receding, it is neither to be discussed nor thought of. I refer to it, but to denounce it a denunciation which will find a response in every American bosom. Nothing is ever gained by national pusillanimity. And the country which seeks to purchase temporary security by yielding to unjiiMt pretensions, buys present ease at the expense of permanent honor and safety. It sows the wind to reap the whirlwind. I have said elsewhere what I will repeat here, that it is better to fight for the first inch ol national territory than for tin: last. It is better to defend the door sill, than the hearth stone ihe porch than the altar. National character is a richer treasure than gold or silver, and exercises amoral influence, in the hour of danger, which, it not power it?elf, is its surest ally. Thus far, our is untarnished, and let us all join, however separated by party or.by space, so to preserve it. If we cannot recede, can we stand still? No, Mr. President ; in this, as in all the other elements of national power and greatness, our duty and tur destiny are onward. We might as well attempt to stay the waves of the Pacific, as to stay the tide of emigration, which is setting toward its shores. If this government had the disposition, it has not the power to arrest this human current. But it has neither .leither the power nor the disposition to do it. There are questions ct public, right, which may reit in abeyance ; which are not called into daily exercise ; and need be asserted only when required. But such is not the right by which we hold Oregon. We must maintain it, or abandon it. A vigorous and enterprising people are last increasing there, who will possess the country by the best of all titles that of occupation and improvement; and it we do not provide them a government, they will provide one for themselves Already uecesaity has compelled them to organize their civil society, and to make those arrangements for the preservation of order, without which no civilized community can exist. It i only a few davs aince they made known to you, by a judicious and well written memorial, their condition and their wants; and asked your interposition to remove the serious difficulties with which they find themselves environed. And think you that if their prayer is unheard, and their grievances unredressed ; and if the present state of things continue, that yau will find a distant colony patiently awaiting your tardy movements, and ready to admit your jurisdiction, when you may be ready to exercise it ? No ; they will feel themselves neglected, cast off, left to their own reaources, the victims of diplomatic chicanery or of national pusillanimity, and they will aeek their own security in their own power. That great truth, not applicable alone to republican gov ernments, but common to all. and which lay at the foundation of our own revolution, that protection and allegiance are icciprocal, will soon be heard upon the banks of the Columbia, and will inspire the councils of the hardy pioneers who, while they have sought a new home in a distant country, have carried with them the sentiments of true liberty to the regions beyond the Rocky mountains. It is cleaily impossible that tbe present state of things should continue, nor, I must confess, do I aee how it is possible that a community, inhabiting the same region, and possessing the same right to every part of it, can bold a divided allegiance, and be governed at the same time bv two distinct and distant sovereignties. When 1 the present anomalous provision was maue, me country was unsettled ; for the few hunters who roamed over it could hardly be dignified with the name of settlers ; and it probably never occurred to the negotiators, nor to their governments, that this arrangement would outlive the then existing state of things, and would come to operate upon i civilized, a ilationary, and a rapidly increasing community. Dut what kind of order can a doüble-hended govern ment preserve? How are ita departments, legislative, executive, and judicial, to be administered? How are rights to be conferred, or wrongs to be prevented or punished? Two neighbors, living within hearing of each other, are responsible to different tribunals, and governed by different codes of laws. An American killing an fcn'lishman must be tried by an American coort and by American laws. But how are English witnesses lo be summoned, or English disturbers o? the proceedings of " the court to be removed or punished i Possessory rights are to be judged by the courts of the party last getting possession. Contrac-ta are to be enforced by the courts ef the party charged with violating them. And wrongs are to be redressed, or aatisfied.or punished by the court of the party accused of committing them. I si-.e American in the midst of an English settlement, or a single Englishman in the midst of an American settle ment, bears with him a charmed fife. He may-do what be will, and as he will ; but he ia beyond the reach of restraint, and almostof punishment. He is invulnerable and tbe arrows of justice cannot pierce even his heel. The nearest magistrate who has iu-lsdiction over him, may be hundreds of mi.lee removed J and were he nearer, his national Sympathie might natorally be etched in favor of hi countrymen. There can be no regular giants of land none, in fUct, or those public improvements essential to the progress and stability of society. I prewt inertly the most general iewa of this subject ; bot they are sufficient to show how impracticable it would be to attempt to establish this double jurisdiction. It would be easy lo pursue the investigation much farther were it necessary. - ' Who doea not see that bitter disputes would soon arise? That each party would accuse the oilier of partiality and injustice ? That violence and bloodshed would follow, and that an Intestine war would establish the aarendarvy of one or the other of these rival and nat ional parties ? AH this is so plain that he who runs may

d. Ana we are warned by the aurest instinct of our

natnri ht In t "t. J a L - wui ii(iiano nurcause, ana tue nT liumnifv i r ...i of humanity, to auch a partition of authority ir, men, Mr. I resident, we can neither retrace oir steps, nor check them, we roust go onward. And England haa placed herself in the path that ia before us; and if she retain her position, we must meet her. . If the hist proposition she has submitted is her ultimatum, it is effectively a declaration of war. Its advent may be delayed a few months; but as soon as the notice expires, if ahe persists, as ahe will do in her occupation of the country, the struggle must commence. It is not the notice which I hellt-ereot measure lor that is a treaty -right--but it I . . . . I ... tl.. . . I . . k. ft ....I . .,. . Al i A .n.,aaw. I Im m n w I i. m u II I V". "lu" 'l"l """" i i. l a . . . i M . i t prooauiy pnrsue iitai bmjsi ieau i vnr. t iinnr or a "Snt "'er to aay I wl that England would awaken to a fense of her iniuslii e, and would yield Where ahe ihly, and ought ! )itIJ iri-liirullj. ? It anlest to believe she ill not, Could vield honornl But will rlie do o and this dictate of prudence is fortified by every pn-e of her liintory. hen did she voluntarily surrender a territory ahe had onre acquired, or abandon a pretention ahe had once advanced? If a few sui-li cases could be found in ins recora . i.er progren ...a ncqu.Mi ons, ...ry oUIU oe eeCp wou.a renotr ... genera, pr.nciple of her conduct only the more obvious, ror my own part, I aee no symptoms or relaxation in the claim she has put forth. And the declarations in Parliament of the leaders of the two great paitiea that divide er government and her people Sir Kobert Peel and Lord John Ruasell show a union of opinion, and f.-reshow a union of action, should action be necessary, rarely to be found in the political questions that agitate her council, and are the index, if not the assurance, of an equal unanimily in public sentiment. in tue L.onaon iuorning inronicie oi April om, is tue proceedings in Parliament or the preceding day, on tha Ii. irUvii, . ...uk... "u'x paper in my hand ; and, as the discussion was a pregnant on, and ought to be a warning ooe, I shall take the libertv of rending a portion of it Here Mr. C. read extracts from the paper containing the remarks of Lord John Russell on what he considered the spirit of ng randizemeet displayed by the government and people of the United Slates, in their course respecting the annexation of Texas. Mr. C. then continued : Here, sir, we find the leader of the great whiz party, in his place, in Pailiament. in effect denouncing the course of the United Slate in the annexation of 1 exas, because it lends toward territorial aggrandizement ; and the eternal cant about British moderation and philanthropy, and American injustice ahd ambition, i heard, and read, and believed in every corner of the British dominions. I must confess, sir, I am hear tily tired of it. Were the subject and its consequences not so important, these declarations would excite ridicule, as tliey now excite regret and surprise. 1 Itey are not ronüned in ordinary political discussions and In the jour nal ol the day, but they come Irom the highest men, in th highest places. And here is an eminent English statesman asking the administration what course they intend to pursue in the altered iiolicy ol the United Slates, as he terms it as though the Voluntary union of two independent people upon this continent were an injury to F.njland, which demanded her immediate nitenlinn, and might demand her armed interposition. And he tells us, he understands that communications have been sent to the United States, to Mexico, ahd to Texas, oh the subject of what he call the new policy of hs United Stales. la a.s d upon the course oi me one power as natural, judging from past events, while the course of the other was un natural, impolitic, and unexpected. But this Whig lecture of Lord John Russelt, upon the ambition of the Uiited State, and these perpetual eulogiumi upon the moderation of England, are ia strange contrast with the ptactical principles and the prre of her empire. The moderation of England, and the ambition of the United States! Why, sir, the world has never seen, since the fail of the Roman empiie, such a colosal power as England has built up. She has gilded the earth with bcr fortificati n, and covered the ocean with ber fleet. A comparatively narrow island, off the western coast of Europe, the numbers as her subjects 153,000,000 of peoples-being moie than onesixth pait f Ihe humau race ; and has reduced lo her subject ioo 3,800.000 sqoare miles inhabited by them, being oneeighth part of the habitible globe. And in the long series of her acquisitions from tbe reduction of IrelanJ downwaids, with the exception cf ber union wiih Scotland, and some tecent discoveries in the Sruth Sea, I believe all have been gained by tbe swoid. And when has it happened in her history, that a people, or the smallest fragment of a people, ba voluntarily sought pence or protection tinJer her vereignty Her aimics and fleets have too often been sent out wherever there was a people to be subdue.), or the fruit of their industry to be tecuud. I hiven pleasure in dwelling upon this couise of ambition. I have no pleasure in national ciiminiioit and recrimination. - I had fur rather dwell upon all she has dune, and she has dne much, to command the gtatitude of mankind, and much for the prgress cf civilization, of improvement, ai d of knowledge. Cut we canrot shut our eyes to the fict that Hi country snd its institutions ei jy little favor in England. That there is a systematic attack Uon our chaiacicr, and upon What we ate, and have been, and upon our futuie, so far a it is given to foresee and fear it. I conl'ess, all this has produced a lasting impiession uion me; aid 1 feel little disposed, in any contioversy wi:h that country, to submit to unjust demands, ur?cd in a spit it if uotiiendliness, if not of menace. Aid if Eigland i moderate, we ate ambitious! Why, sir, we have made but ihire acquisitions of teiiit ny since we have been a nation. And these were not distant Colo, nies, but coteiminous regins. And all three have been made peacefully, bloodlrssly. Two wcie colonic belonging to European monarchies, where the assent of ibe people to the ttanaier of their allegiance could not be asked. But they have since hown their satisfaction hy their patiiotim, and their piopeiity has hern the reward of it. Nowheifi is the Union n re prized, nor would it anywhere be more Zealously defended. The th'nd and last, and most gloi ious of these acquisitions, is row in the progress of complftion, hy the Voluntary action of a neighboiing people, who knew the value f our institutions, aDd sought to paiticipate in them, and who asked admission to our confederacy. And we shall rective them with open arms. And it is an encouraging spectacle to the lovers of freedom thioughout the world, and the best dilute that could be offered to its value. 1 said, Mr. Piesident, that this was the latest, bnt I hope it will not be the Ut of our acquisitions. While I would saciedly iepect the just lights of other nations, I woulJ cheeifully extend the juiisdiction of our own, whenever circumstance may icqune it, and whenever it can be done wiib 'Ut injustice. I have uo fear thut an extension of terlitoty will weaken our government, or put in peiil our institutions. We have an adhesive and a li e-preserving principle, in the exeicise of political power by the gteat body of the people, which is a surer bond of union snd preservation than fleet, and aimics, and central powers. If this administiation could crown it labor of acquisition and in what It has done, it has laboied with not less ability than success -by the peaceful annexation of California, it would stcoie impeiishable honor for it elf, and would command the lasting gratiiude of the whole couotty. But I will again adveit to tbe Morning Chronicle, to show the spiiit of the discussion in the British Pai liametit, and the views taken by the British statesman of their own claims to Oregon, and of outs. Lord John Rus-ell said: "The Piesident of the U. States has ma1e, as I have already read to the Ilouie, a peremptory claim to the whole of this ten itory. lie has claimed the ! whole possession of it for the United States, and ha, in an j unusual manner, called upon the people of the United States, j with their wives and children, to occupy that tetritory. That distiict is becoming, on account of the fit on the Co lumbia liver, more impoiianl every v ear. After that state f lne president of tbe United State. 1 consider it im possible that her Majesty's government should not endeavor to obtain a speedy solution id this qnotion. I am sure they will feel it impossible to allow the piesent undefined and unsettled state of iclations between the two countiies to continue without danger ; that tbe people of Ihe U. States, acting ander the suggestions of the 1'iesident, may endeavor to disturb Biitisb subjects in lights which tbey hold in virtue of exutiug tieaties, and may ptudnce a Mate of things dangerous to ibe peace of the two countries. For my own part, I will say in all tnodeiation, that I am not piepated to say that this country fcught to put forward any arrogant pteteutions. I do not pietend to define what it properly belongs to her Majesty's advisers to define the diplomatic proposals tb.it should be made. I will not pretend to sty what line ought to be laid down; but this I will say, tlut I do not think we can make any piopos.il which will be less than the piopoal made by Mr. Canning, (that was the line ! on ihe parallel of 49 deg. to the Columbia, near its mouth,) with any regaid lor our own inteiest or our own honor. Cheers. 1 may be told that il does not matter if this rocky and barien lentlory should be claimed, or occupied, ortaken by the United States. Yes, sir, I must say il does matter. Cheer. It cannot be a matter of indifference that a la ige territory, to which we have a better and a juster title, should be yielded to what I must call a blustering announcement on the part of the President of the United States. It caunot be a matter of indiQVrence that the communication between that country west of the Rocky mountains and China, tbe East Ii dies, and the whole of South America, should be surrendered at once t a foreign power t but, above all, it cannot be a matter of indifference that the lone of the chaiacicr of England should be lowered in any tialuactioa we may have to carry ou with tbe United States." Bir Rt.bert Peel saidi "Ai this subject has been brought ander dl'cussion, I truit not improperly by the noble Lord, I feel it my imperative duty ou the put of tbe BiliUh government, to stale in language ibe moil temperate, but, at tha same time, the most decided, thai we consider we have ri 'htt respecting the territory of Oregon, which ate clear and irresistible. We tmst tili to ariive at an amicable adjustment of our claim but having exhausted every efiurt for the settlement, it our tigms inau De invsaea, we are resolved and We are prepaied to maintain them." Loud aud Continued cheeis from both sides of the I loUe Lord Clarenden said in the House of Lord i "'o assertion was, I believe, ever made with more trtth than that our case is free fiom all doubt." Loid Aberdeen, the foieign Secrctaiy of State, saidi "Should it be othetwUe, I can only say that we pose rights, which ia our opinion are clear and uoauestionible j

and bv the bles&ine of r.aA. ant nt. ,.. .w

lit r jw m-iyvn, "u3r ngm we aie tuny prepared la maiatam." (Loudcbceis I . 1 1 :j i w frim all sides. Under these imposing circumstances, we may well ask m .a . . .. oi me wticninan, weal of I tie night! We may well in quire, what we ought to do? I take it fr canted we shall give the notice recommended ly the President; f..r a a . . . . - it we ao not, we snail leave the people of Oregon without a government, or wiih an impractical one and. in cither event, the country ia lost to us, and t!ie notice being given, in twelve months, without an abandonment of a large portion of her claim, we ehalt find ourselves involved in a aar m w nrir n I rtMI-.tr 1 fa a - a - av W at II war with Englxrd. And it will be no common War, Mr. n-... :.. - . - . ' 1 a it piuri.i ; i m . -m aa m a r nm mere le ai a rrae . a i stiong and stormy passions, growing out of the nlative ; - " im.h.i, um ui situstion of the two hationa.and out of the rry pointa f rrsrmblanre, Which will tot tender the ffparaiien of he pirliee the wider, the struggle the longer and the bitterer. It will do no good to ahut our eye to ibe i ronist before us. Danger can neither l e avertid n.T avoided by ind.ffrrence, nor by presumption. ti t ba look our difliculiira and our duties fully in the fc.ee. Let us make preparation ,jfqoa,e (0 ,he C0I junclBre. Lel , exhibit 0 Ent.nj nJ fo j. fc - , f j-j j ptonx. . , r , . , , , . . trofir " tot ll rc,J fo'wV I" lh 'nguage of Mr. 5,J,"'n. .lf Va lhf foiled States into an armor, an attitnde demanded by the ermu, and corresponding , wnh ,te national spirit snd expectation." One war hse already fobnd us unprepared. And what ; tf)at eohuition of thirgs cost in blood and treasure, and , disaster, those of Us who went through the stiupglj can .well remember; and those who bave come upon the ttaee j of action aince that period, may learn from the history of the times. And pcrhapa to i ccrtiln extent this must be io, and alwaya will be ... We are all ort-oked to a-reat ; military estantisnments in time oi peace, i ney arc aa dangerous at ihev are I - -nffT.ri inl exrehslre. And they will therefore never be engrafted into the pcrmar er.t institutions of tbe country. But when war threatens, we should commence our preparations, and press them with an energy and a promptitude commensurate wiih the danger. ThePresident hss discharged his duty ably, patriotically, fearlessly. Let us row discharge ours not by words merely, but by deeds. The best support we can gie him is 10 responu 10 nis uecisrations ny our actions, it is my firm conviction, and I do not hesitate thus publicly to avow it, that the best if not the only hope that we have of avoiding a wsr with England is by exhibiting a public and Utiited determination to prosecute it, should it come, with all the energies that God has given us, and by an instant and serious consideration of the preparations necesaary fr such offensive ar.d defensive measures at may be required, and as prompt ah adoption of them aa a jist regard lo circumstance may demand. Our country is extensive. In many portions of it the population ia sparse. The frontier, both Atlantic and inland, ia long and exposed. Our defensive works are urSnished. and some of them are unfurnhhed. I do not kr.ow, but I Tear that many irrportanl branches of aupply are inadequate. Our navy, and especially ihe s'eam portion of it, is not cpon a scale cnnimensnrste with our wants, if war is almost upon us That navy fought itself into favor, and ita country into honor, in ihe seemingly unequal snd tlmnst deeperate struggle into which it so psl'antfy went in the last war And another contest, wniild find it equally true lo its duty, and to the public expectations. I trut the time Will never again come, when it will he a question in a great crisis, whether the navy shall be dismantled and rot in our docks, or whether it shall be sent out to gather another harvest of glory upon the ocean. It ia the materiel for military and naval operations, it ia first necessary lo procore. Men we have ready ; and such ia the patriotism inherent in the American chancier, that they never will he found wanting in the hour of difficulty and of danger. Our militia requires a new and an rflicient organisation It is a reproach to us that wo have Buffered this important branch of national defence to become so inefficient. Il haa almost disappeared from the public view. Doth the lawi upon this sul ject and the administration of them require immediate and severe examination, for this it one of the great bulwarks of the country in the hour of danger. It has shown its patriotism and valor upon many a bloody field, and the future, if it should need its services, will witness its devotion to the country, whenever and wherever, and however it may may be tried Many of the supplies required for the operations of war, demand time and rare for their collection and preparation ; and we must remember that we hava to do with a people whose arsenals and dock-yards are filled to repletion ; whose supplies are upon a scale equal to any probable demand upon them; whose gigaotic military and naval establishments, announce ibeir power snd maintain it; and the structure of whose government is better fitted than ours for prompt and vigorous and cff. nsive action. It is in Ihe spirit of these views that I have luhmitted the resolutions befoie the Senate, and in which I ask their concurrence. A great responsibility is upon us. We shall best discharge it by firmness, and by a wise forecast, which, while it steadily surveys the danger, makes adequate provisions to meet it. Dy thus acting, we shall give a practical approbation of the course of the President; we shall show to our constituents that their interests are safe in out hands ; we shall speak neither in a deprecating lone, nor in a tone of defnnce, but of firmness, to England ; and we shall give to the nations of Europe a proof that republics are as jealous of their righta snd honor, and a determined to maintain them, as monarchical governments. Mr. Ma6CX. I regret exceedingly that the honorable Senator from Michigan has brought forward these resolutions, and, more especially, that the strain of remarks in the discussion is deigned to procure a vote in their favor. The honorable Senator anya that he ha the Utmost confidence of the Executive on all these subjects. Mr. Caa interrupted hirn wi:h the remark i Coincidence of opinion. I beg the Sebatfli's pudon. Coincidence of opinion with the Executive ; but it strikes me that he Mr. Cass has re sorted to a mod singular manner of giving expiession to it. I have a fair and genetous confidence in the same high functionary. It is true that ihe public mind has been most piofoiir.dly distuibed düiing the recess, tausing many good men to believe that our country will be plunged into a war with Gteat Britain, and extending through all the great interests of the Union. On my artival heie, and on examination of Ihe views of Ihe Executive, I have exticme plaure io staling that I found them characterized by a degree of modelation which the public prints in this city gave me no reason to expect. I am iherefoie willing to confide all matters of negotiation to the Executive arm j but, if a failure should result, and war De Ihe consequence, let it come; it would be vastly preferable to a surrender of our rights and our national honor. And I undertake to say. fuither on this subject at least to give my own opinion and that of those whom I in part represent, u not ine opinion oi nie wnoie American people that, if war should come, (and I ptay God it may be avei led. save at the expene ol the honor and interest of the countty,) after the period for its commencement has been deteimined on, there will not be found one abti-war man in the countiy. We may differ amorg ourselves on occasional quotions vf national policy; may bave adverse Claims of party, and sepaiate inteiests, but when a powetful, arrogant, and cortupt enemy giies the fiist blow, or.by trampling on our rights of honor, draws the blow, there will be but one phalanx of Aineikan people there will be no anti-war parly. I trust that this gtestrst of national evils may not come upon u. I am willing lo intrust tbe negotiation to the President of the United States. In his humble judgment, all agitation of there questions vituperation, reciiminatiun, exhibitions of corrupting, overteaching conduct on the pail of Ihe epposing patty in the negotiation all, all, in my opinion, would precipitate evil thai everr good man on this, well as eveir good man on the other side of the Atlantic, would, in his heart, pray Gvd, should be averted fnm the civilized woilJ. I am unwilling that these resolutions shall be adopted, and why ! Because it is known to every Senator that it will be supererogatory. It is the duty of the repectie committees io act, to inquire inio the stale of the defences of ihe cuntiy, without being stimulated by such resolutions. Ai d what will the adoption of them biing foith ? A report fr rri a committee. If our defences weie in a weak and comparatively impaired Con dition, it would, in ellect, invite aggiession tum an em my that was never known to fail to sinke at Ihe wi ak as well as the strong. If, on the contiaiy,our re-ouices weie abun daot, and our preparations complete, it would be wholly unnecessary to expose to the enemy, if enemy we have, our actual condition. He would prefer, if there was lo te any stimulation, that it should come to this or the other branch of Congrtss from the source that had in charge the negotiation, and to some extent the deteimination of this question If this negotiation be closed if theie be no hope beyond the present day If war be inevitable, as tbe Senator seems to apprehend"-! say for myself I trust I may with safety ' say for every gentleman with whom I stand politically asso- ! ' . . . l j.-a :n:.... l ciated that leo, twenty, liny, one uunuicu nuuun, mi whole resources of the country will be given, if need be. lo maintain the national honor and the national lights. But I bore this evil may be averted. The Hon. Senaior has re cently been in the very midst of European agitation in the very focus of European intrigue, and ptooaoiy in nis mma have been gieatly aggravated the diffieil'ies subsisting be tween Ibe two countries. In this counuy we warn no sgi iition unon this sul.iect. not is any excitation or stimula lion necessary to bring the people to ibe fullest discnaige of tAe'r duty in this case, and on all iL'e questions. I desire that the President of tbe Untcd States upon his official responsibility in the event that tbe state of the country te such that this great, Ibis tremendous, this stu pendous annrehended evil is about lo burst upon Ui shall come and lay the case before us t not openly in the eye of the wotld, but with the doors of the chamber closed ; and, sir, In that case, this prudent and dignified course, having been Dursued. my life for it. ihe pattiolnm ol this chatnoe wilt sustain the Executive, to the very utmost extent, io the maintenance of the national honor Let tbe Piesident ir d.i tili i.ot his suboidinates not (host who have no dntct responsibility t for will the Hon. Senator remember. that during this political dynasty, under that lllustiious an1 poweiful administration of which he was ä most distinguished member, whilst tbe subordinate offlceis of the government, heads of departments, amused themselves with piofound disquisitions on tbo tariff, aud ioteiesting dialectic en the Natioual Bank question, when every body knew that the Executive did cot enteitain any auch views. None that ercat man for neat he was. whatever fault I May find cf these aanusing dialecticians wtic lespousiblc ow,ir,

. ::.v .v.

wiiu III si ACron,trt.,0.n, however erronecc,, inton, may hare been certain rorth na of that civil in my opinion, may have teen certain rorth-ns of tht civil aominiMiau .n mal giest ir.an. I siy, wa a master of bis political household t and I wuuld be the last roan in America to di tra t. either here or etsewheie, from the sterling qualities of that illustiivus individual. 1 his, I am free io acknowledge, although I dis er t profoundly from Ihe merit of his civil adminitiati..n. That is a sul ject, however, ioto which it is n.t my design to enter. I refer r tht ,;.iA ; the history of the goven ment. only fir Ihe puipo-eof adducms an n.sinnre in wnicn the heads Cf departments "tsife rrpoits entiiely cnr.traiy to the views and piinciples of the Executive t ai.d that. too, in the case of an administration that was u; p -scd o le a ui it. Then, sir, under ihe paren-.i.-t:-.i .? " 1.T.J ' i ihciii ai uiiin, i 1 1 m i inn ia i r-i in i.itrsi.i n . the san e thirir wis i lk - u, . . a. - - me case; sim not only that, but theie was a diveisi'v of j O,,7-On; V I , ,S t t Tt.bab'r of following that ihe rUht hard i T.iion, a ctmibici oi sentiment, even in the veir head of the elf. With t'.ie amiab'e disrxisifion. that prece rt Wililcn in Ihe Food I ook. riiht hard shculd net knew ul.it ih l.fi v.,n. doeth," the Executive would, with one hnd, accept the proposition, whilst with the other, il was condemned snd rejected. But I do not regaid ihe piesent Executive a like!r to exhibit sdeh a disposition or character as that. I ieai"d him in a very different light. I regaid him a a gentleman of unblemi.hcd honor and G d foil-id that we sh- uld ever see at the head of this goveiommt any one nut clothed with such a chaiactcr, DiffL-iing as I do fiom hlm.ytt believing in his integ. ity.l am willingto leave the mittel in his hands. He knows ihe sta'e of tie ques'ion. If war is to fc .me. let him net 6nrf " it in the eyes of the people of this countiy, or of the wmld. Let him adopt that course which was perfectly familiar to Ihe Honorable Senator from Michigan, call upon these chambeis for their approbation, and the asi-tance necessary to meet the occasion. In that eae, be will meet with the enhiinkingMpr it of all stfes of the house. I do not mean to follow ihe honorable senator in hi remaiks, called upon to reply, as I have been, unexpectedly, without a moment's pieviou ieflrcii n. Yet, thus called upon, and indisp.ed as I am. I could not allow hi icmaiUs to pai wl hoiit some corhrrienf. I desired at lesf, to give expresion to Ihe views enteitaihhd by my constituents and myself on this mot impoilant sul ject I do not profess to know the opinions of my associates nor do I know Hum. Hut let us trust thi rrgoiiation to the Executive. Let us and ieady in advance if it be necets try, to strengthen the arm of the Kxecutive, so thai when our blow falls on the enemy, ii will itiike his vety srntoiium, and place him prostrate and pow. eiless beneath our feet. What need, sir, let me ak. t letl ua that Great Britain is Ihe irtitrcss -f enc hundied and fifty millions of people? I can outbrsg the honorable senator I ssk paidon for using such a word hut t his I say, thai never can that power be permuted to stain tint lepoMic with dishonor. Whatever her greatness, we ate able to meet her 1 vv iiunmi eiain ia iri'ui'iii. null ins but I hnpe the collision may be avoided. If it come, it will te a deep repioch upon the civilization of the pies nt day. Ana, in my liumDie iun.'ement. if we have iecouie to arms this ütegon question vjil be a mere pie'ext, and not the cause of the war. I know well that this world is ever agitated, heaving snd stiugzHi g under the operation of two gteat adverse principles of rovemment, that shakes the continent i-f Kuiope the Whole of Chii-tend"m ihe gieat republican piincifle. on the one hand, by which all the power rea'a upon the basis of the people, and the people have the control and, cn the other hand, the ptlnrijde of monarchic ! rule, whether absolute or Qualified. I trust Ihete L no rnah ; in America, whose blod now more rapidly in favorof Re-i publican government. thn does mine. Yet, when I see thai 1 on the othrr ide nf the water the whole p c are treat ng ' us with a contempt affected, a I believe with a did:in. j having more nf jealousy in it than of actual ftKdain and 1 when our pres meet lhat agin I th'u k all thi ought to . be silenced Tor the prescht. I think, in these balls of öuts, j we should be extremely uarled in Ihe subject of recrim- ; ination. when thi delica'e questj, n i pending I kow j thai theie ae many things in the hitty of the cantry I which have, perhaps, had much t do with ihe production of ; this excited s'a'e of feeling. I am ve y much inc'ine l to apprehend lhat at the bottom f it rests the se gieat piinciples lo which I have ahead v alluded, in a sta'e of heaving' and lmot detrnctive antagonism destiuctive it would have been to the principle of fiee government, had that not 1 tiuck ih rot't lo the ery cr ntre of this gteat continent. 1 wnen ihe ultimate Irial 01 strength com e, you will find lhat the people of thi country tore a one Iran. Chrit-n-ddm it'clf will shake and tiemMe. Thioncs may fall and tumt.J, nd airnatir be wppt from ihe far e of ihe earth. for that ntinrinV woikfl in other lanrf m well nineI have, sir, exactly that degtee of confidence in the Presi- i .... k, .ntihmin :n ...ii... k.i;:.. v. wvi'i) ansa vaav si 1 1 . si 1 a s t yj-w - aia ss 11 vs iy t s at w 1 11 5 unii 1 to be a man of honor, though differing with him on almost ! II domestic questions. I do think, however, that as respects the foieign relations rf the country, he will do what the : honor and inteiests of the nation tequire, accoiding to his best conception. I suppose he will. The time for us to revise the matter will be in the end. It is not in thebrgin- .... .... . . i nmg. I at, in view ol me stupendous naval ana military j fuce of Great Britain, why should we thus tevert to our; condition, and exhibit our ten thousand miles of fi on tier ! with hardly a gun to defend it.' Let ihe necessary mea sures for the national defence be taken in tbe proper manner in a piudent and dignified manner. I pray God that ihe eontet may never come, but if it hould come. I repeat we will all be found as one man. Never can we consent Id suffer di-honnr, or to surienderour ! lights. If it come, can any ma estimate the amount of evil resulting lo Ihe civilized world, if we are in that unrrrpaied slate that the Sena'or seems to appiehend ? Poscsrd of the pWer deSctihed. Gieat Britain r j the ability to stillte a blow, which will be felt thioughout our whole Atlantic and Gulf coast, sweeping our whole seabond, as with a sirocco of fire. Suppose she did, and suppo-e lhat the meicile. savage were brouc-hi to bear upon our frontier. inflictie on man, woman, and child their ten ible species of lnvaion, the enemy might have thee ad antares, lint this subject, in my opinion ahd il is one to which I have given gteat conideiation excites the national feeling towards that point at which war -hould never cense till one or Ihe other patty w.i ex'eiminatcd. And aftir all, who can fear the issue of such a conflict.' With all her mighty resources, we could eventually sweep her foiever from the continent. do not want her possessions 5 I would not have them as a gift; but m case of such a war, every Vestige of BiltMi terntoiial possession on the sou of this continent would be forever effaced. Again, in tefcrenre to California: doe. the honorable gentleman speak with a view of smoothing the feelings of Great Britain! at d inspiring the administration, of our government with the hope ot bringing this negotiation to successful is-uei When he rearhe. forth one hand with Oregon, and in tbe other hold. California, doe. he mean to produce such an impressioi,? We all feet that the sggranditemeut of thi. country ha. excilrd, on the other aide of the Water, profound jealousy and mistrust. We II know thi.. There are too many evidences of it as fact to doubt it. If our purpose be to get California, I think it would be quite as judicious if the Executive were to msture that project without giving it forlh for speculation and controversy, by in announcement here wiih tha affected design of stimulating the Executive, but really setting all the powers of Europe to work in anticipation f our purpose, with the view of counteracting il. Sir, I felt as much insulted as much offended by tbe diplomatic interference of foreign powers in reference to the annexa tion of Texas, as any man in this country. To be sure. they bad strictly the right. I go farther I say beyond their present rights and possessions, every American ought to rise op to prevent the further colonization of the . : 1.- .n. n.t. ,1,. ..... Wis IIIIXill. 1'T eaaav uu w w wssua-s sw I I have thrown together these few desultory remarks. -t.,..k ,11. .:,. .t,. ,i..;n ..fvnrm. em'pciucl uiiri .'wiruij p iiioic vtiiii uicvi..igii .nv."...-n the feeling of my constituents, than anv thinjr else. I speak fr 110 other gentleman on this fhor, but for myself. I say. lhat never, while either a public man or a private tilgen, shall t suffer myself to be placed in the position wh.-re my American feelings shall be questioned. I go for the Union. I go for every part of the Union; and on that ground, whatever our domestic difficulties I stand by I the side of ihe Executive. Uüt I stand there desirous to see that posi bn maintained with moderation, with calm ness, wiih jtisiice, with a proper respect and delerence on both sidesi It would seem to me monstroo. that, in this advaneed stale of civilization-that now, in the 1 9ih century when the Wotld has laid aside for many year, the .word, con verting it into ploughshares and pruning hooks, or most ingenious mechanism for tbe promotion of the comf rl and happiness of man in euch circumstances, I say, it does, indeed, appear mon.-trous to me, that a country al most at the end of ihe earth, the title lo which Is disputed on both sides, clnvuld form the subject of a war, that must inevitably inflict cpon both countries stupendous evils. I do nope that Iiis controversy can re atiusteu witnouc . . :n i. .i. -: -. -1 C.k ik war. II war u come, 1 repeal, 11 win o m aignm great final conflict between Eutopcan system, of govern ment, and of tl.ose great piinciples ol democratic nnerty which hate made th'u republic auch a great and powerful natioh. I do hope these resolution, will lie over. We have been flooded with petition, and memorials, and lue com mittee, whose province it will be to act upon them, have not yet been constructed. The very committee to which these re. ilutien. most be referred, ha. not yet been form ed. My only ohjncüon 1. to give that publicity to mis movement which the adoption of ihe resolution would neressarilv involve: and thu. additional exasperation be ptoduceJ sn exasperation which it i. the duty of ail to check, not to aggravate, rvery tning saiu ami u one will be acrulii.ixed Wiih the utmost rigidity oh the other aide of Ihe water; .urely.lhen, every consideration should teach us the wisdom of care and caution, I think. I art) quite willing that we should follow our citizens in Oregon wiih oar protective shield. I am willing to see the President extend his favor lo lh m individually noi territorially, pending ihe adjustment of the d fX-rences between the two countries. 13ut I am opposed to snytbing being done In contravention of the treaty of 1826, and sincerely hope lhat ihe President, may not be .limulated 10 anv rash and sudden action lesdir.g to e contravention .fili.i ir.atv an Inn as th ere is the sliffhte.t ground to VI iuai t - - anticipate an amicable settlement of the negotiation. Again, lam willing to provide any military force any : dravoon force-a-anv rnilitaff posta necessary for the pro tection and defence of the emigrants to Oregon, always provided that the execution of these measures be not in-eomoatil-le. in any way. with the treaty of 1826, ' It has been the subject of speculation both here dnd in Europe, lhat Oregon may become an independent government That thing is impossible. V hen tbe American emigrants took back to the graves and recall the heroic deeds of their fathers in the csase of liberty and America, they will never

' dream of alienating themsel.rs from the land where they - fi,.t a u .. , .

fir.t dtew the breath cf freedom: Thna It 5. -..- Within forty mile, of he mos, d.tl.nt part bf br frontier. w - - nia the most isolated pioneer will ever be fju .und irue ,a AmeriA . i ' ... i . - ... - ---. in, iu 1'ivuui.a oi tue tuie, and whose only proper., is hi. ammhn.iion and his nfle carries with him the .ove of ,he g.oriou. achievement, of hi. , father- m this republic; and. what is more, he be.r. a.. a . - f wnn Dim also Ibal bounding hope of th future which forma tbe bighrst characteristics of Ihe freeman. The Englishman looks bsck with pridt- on ihs annals of hi. couuiry. The American rever- the ir'esctie, and looks forward to that future ers, when hi beloved country will I the most powerful on tbe fjee of iho g.,b, and when free institutions will be universally esiabiikbed. I hoje, Mr. President, the hooorb!e fctiattir Will eon - sei t to let the resolution lie over. I move that their fur merconsioera'.ion be post joi,fd till to- Loi row. iuf qutflion tin iüi il I ut, inj lirgalivid A message ia wriür.g was heie announced from th. President I ei.nounc.fu irom lüe dcnfi i!L ,f rhM,r anJ fo,iowj! Mrdie. grave .-Meet, of ine.ir ti'ih. . in .f; "1 m.ttcet wl irh hv il . .t..i, - r .... . i ' 7. ... .... , Vl lllc uouy. me senate v- .k... VI",: : " I :?. r . ' 'J'5.. row mat incse looiuuuns arc lutruduceil ih.t .. in h a, r,-..A r. .1 - r . . " have teen b ought forwaid for the action of ihe Senate and the naimn, by being upon lie j urt.al of the bodv. their ... j . ...... .7 ,. ,vl IIIBl i in in me power if the Senate to peifjim. Thee ieMluiii aie piediealed upon :he idea that the sta e nf our home defence. .. ih. piesent aspect of our foiet'n affaiit, is such as to requite' v. ik. .n..ii f ,- . ii. . . that Ine attention rl I nnen clir.nl. I i. u.1,.1 . i. i a i k. . -ri. r - V . me a- , tiocal f'hees rbe icjecuoi, f ihese .esblutio... will not 'f " , n TT:: 1 b"1 WJ" Vl:,U,,,y dfi claraiion up., tie pa.tof the .senate, that .hey wij not rajii ti wT:rär ,he r ailioi. of the United State, deal Britain is . ..ower hn.. u rai i r.iain n a ,-orf r v. hose policy as vell as who-e genjial hi-tory Iskimwo througbjut the entire civilized w..ilrt .! n., A ... . a . Great Btitain is a power, who conduct her negniaiions with a fleet upon Ihe coast of the poer with whoi he i e- i gotiatest ever iedy to kettle uue.ti-ns which cannot be' settled by words, by letortn g iu p act ice io Ihe ancient rial- : lie maxim of casing a sabie into the clc. The Unite I Slates, as has le. b very wi-ely obseived bv the able aid 1 " - 1 cxp'eiiced Senator fi. m Muhigan, is. by the vety l"m'"' ausmg oui 01 our institution, siwas unpie- . pared for the leuible emergency of war. We have no stand mg army, io the Eiiiopean m use of the term. We have, however, a Unding niniita a nation wita a mi itaiy urbanization; The wise 1 bject of thee teolution is to institute an ioquiiy into the existing orjanizatnxi of the rhaitial foice of the Country in its time gieat divisions of the militia, the army, and the navy. Thi has been tegaidid 011 the other side a almost equivalent lo a dtcUration nf war. Why. sir. :r ik.. 1 . ,. . . n j :. r .. f ; - ,c--'iua-.- Mai, 1 cni uurnUi mWJ Ol I It U lie gn tin ion, they would have been pt iftctl.v n cocect, and constituted not the slightest giound of offence on the part of Geat Biit.in. Suppose we were in no danger, either in the piesent or the futu e, of a war wiih deal U.itJii', tr ny oihrr country I suppose we enj ived Ihe most unin rnuptrd M-ace f.t Ihe present, anJ 11. e mol sttbstantial eu.ianty if peace for the

fa tire: Wuu'd there lt 'any impropiiety ia instituting an iu- fraught wiih incalculable miithief to the L'nPted btates. q.iiy into the naval mateual in our d rk-yards and naval Hundred of thousand of iloll-irs would be lost in COOS' 01 es f Would there he any i npioprict.v in inqui.ing ii to sequence. He said, millions of peopl-, too. would be

Ihe etliciei cy or intDVicncy oftlu-oigaiiifatu n of the ruhtia of tle countiy f Would tl ere be anv impiopiicty in in quiring into the con di' ion of the .1103- of the L'uited S ates f Wone, I presume. Why then is it denned so exceedingly unwise tu institute such it quuies now ? I il meant ta le insinuated that vie aie afiaid 'o prepare for our own defence, -w-w tu uc cuagro 11: contiovrisj vr.n a pow er who bo'Sts of sin tch. its tiantic aims over the whole habtlahie gl' be ? Aie we n d in be peimi teJ evin tu ak ourselves if we are ready lo receive a blunin of Biiti-h bayonets in lhi controversy Are we re.idy t-j rective City tail of battlc-hipv foi warded by Enzian. I U our poils We cannot ask Ihese qnenii.ns, it het till ! Why LeciUse it is - -v-iir '" '"8 o "c posilility ot a cuulltct uttweeu tue iu nations. We had another difficulty wl h Gieat Britain which has been suspended, not s. tiled, by the treaty of ls4i While that lieaty was pemting, at the very stand I now occupy, I said that it contained more seeds of discoid than the discoid it piofessed to silence. Pending ihe negotiation, and the controversy wich rega d t the nuitheast boundary between Ihe United Slates and Great Biiiaio, what did ihe two hou ses of Congiess dj ih reference the national defences They d ing resolutions of inquiry to their several the effici rcyof the defensive means of the eoveuimcnt 1 but they embodied ihe na'ional Will and the naii-.nal ttiengtb j in the lonn of a solemn law, with, 1 believe, the unanimous vote of the Seuate nf ihe United Slates. And what was thai law Let me read i'l title s " An act giving to the President of the Uni t d States additional powers lot the d. f nee of the Uni ed Slates, iu bei tain cases, against invasion, and for other purpose." That act beaia date Sd March, IS39; One of its piov'iMons, Ibe first one, declares "the President of the United States is htiet y au'ohnzcd lo tesist any attempt on ibe pait of Great liiilain to enfoifce by aims her claims to exclusive jurisdiction over that part of the State of Maine which is uuw in dispute, btlwica the Uuiied Suits " 1 '?h "I1 . MrPHW te "fM?or to employ ihe naval and military fwices of the Luned Siatis, 1 and will pvttiuii? vi luv llllllilt at lie oidj umii uirauic(itf call into service." Another section of the act authorizes the call by the President of 50,000 vuluntcris; and another section places ten millijiis of dollars at the di-cietion of the President of the Uuitid States. Then, another section com pletes the woikand places the entire military resources of the country in the hands of the President. Tout was what was done on Ihe 3d day of Match, 1S39. in reference to this Vety power with whom we are now negotiating. It was the act of Ihe Roman Senate, on the approach of any great national danger, to puss a resolution conferring upon oris of the con.-uls similar powers. Under that system tin; consul was armed with the entire monetary and materi.il forces of the republic lo enable hirn lo inet the emergency. In fact lie was created a director, but for a limited time; and, in truth, it was not without some feelings of alarm that I beard this act firt read in the Senate, conlerring upon the President of the United States, and; if 1 mistake not, by a tituiniuious vote of this body, powers equivalent to those conferred on the Roman consuls, by which they were clothed with dictatorial authority lor a period of six months. IS'obody in the United Stales, however, expected at that time that Great Britain would treat this act as un act of win. IS'obody supposed that the pussagn of such an act, although it was ihe Strongest passed under this government, would be of itself a provoking Cause of war. I lie act passed. 1 lie negotiation and the q jeslion 111 dispute was suspended for the lime. JS'ow, what is the cause? The President of the United States sets forth in his annual message to Congress the st.ite of the negotiation, so f ir as negotiation it could be called, up to the withdrawal on lite part of the United States of iheir la-t proposition submitted lo the British government. He admonishes us, that, for ihe present at lt, nothing Ins been accomplished by negotiation t ' and the senator from Michigan, in this Sta to of alfairs, U ' , " ' P'"" e oeoai, u winner. j or: 1 1 - "lor does every session 01 congress moves lor a 1 every se.ssturt ol Congress umves lor a cum in i lire of enquiry ; and for that, it seems, hat incurred the implied censure of the honorable senator from iNorlli Carolina, feir, the resolution riuin-i well Irom toe distinguished senator from .Michigan. It come. Well, because hu hs the double experience of war and peace, individually. Dncause his age and character were calculated to give to his movement importance which would commend these resolutions to the serious attention of the Committee lo whi-in ihey were lo he addressed. Is il then possible, I would ask, thai we have arrived at that1 humiliating condition that the American Congress is afraid nfrnid to institute an enquiry into the efficiency ol the martial foice. of llie United Siatesj for ih protection of the country ? I hope not. Tho senator from Korlh Carolina lias treated this question as though it were equivalent to a declaration of war. He sn S he Is disposed to trust all this subject id the President. We see by the President's message, lhat he has gone about as far as he ran go. The senator nint then mean that the subject matter of these resolution, i to be trusted to the discretion of the President of the United States. Mr. 51ANGUM. If the senator will permit me, I will make myself belter Understood by him. The President Understands the whole (late of this question and from hlitl I desiie all inquiries into ihe stale of our armament to proceed ; not from subordinates, but from the Executive itself Mr. CASS. The senator uses ihe term subordinates. May 1 ak lo whom he refers? Air. IANGUM. I mean the head, of departments, with whom the heads of committees must necessarily have communication. Mr. Alls. I understand him, sit. precisely as he ba now stated. He desires that, before Congress moved, the President should recommend military prcparstiohs. Wow, so far from Mr. Van Buren having recommended tbe military oreoaration. authorized in the act to which I have al luded, I have not Ihe least doubt, from my knowledge of the man, and the moderation of bis Whole ch.f.rter, tha he waa absolutely astounded when he heard this power bad been conferred upon luni. Did he asK congress to .... are i.taca the enrire militia of the countrv at his beck and call ! c . . ... . ." .1 : 1: Did be ask. Congn sa to g've nun me power 01 vecniing on the edcstion of war or pesce during the recess of the Kecsion 1 Did he ask Conerrss to place ten million. 01 money at his disposal 1 No. He communicated the facts to Coneres in regard to our foreign relations, and tbe progres. of the negotiation, and then Congress proceeded, as was its doty, to judge what legislation should follow on lhat disclosed state of facts. What did the President da in ihe present case t He follow, a. similar course to that which haa heretofore U-eii pursued ; and now tt 1. our business to assume the rrSHinsibility of judging, together with the President, of What ihe emergency requires in regard to our national defence.. Nothing can be morr innocent, nothing more judiciou, nothing more neces&ary than ihe resolatione which bave been submitted by ihe Senator from Michican. I had .upposed, especially after the able exposition of the mover, showing tbe uecesaity of iheir passage, that they would have passed with the onao imnui concurrence of thai body. And now I tBI Conclude with the expression, of .in,

' ett, mtiemli eert te"6cil

' vT . tl ,nnR one. end Uie tenet prominent ' a.. n a n : na m.jw a a fc - . - Pn 1; TZ' U- dis-An-d.ZZX1 M lb" i that . .. . "-f. wae spirit in the country alila In nulii . . J c. ,.. I't'l.r:" .0.0 l,?hJ,.tüP'. only w,tU " a as . svJ t wa lira ina m nnla f I He lold u. tk.r.hou.d ll ZlrTlf by Congres.. from that rnL. IO" .:f whole European world in arm. " wie ajuiiruraii wdiui an aa r sar a war be pai -'6'"-. ' ui moment an anti-war man would not be found on the continent. Mr. Misecjt. I only spoke for mvself aud toy eonsutucnis. " ' M. Attr. I only hope that Ihe expression may be aniveiJal in its application and that io ca, a drtlarslwa nf war should be made, the aspirations of the Senator m. k- , fulfilled to Ihe urm. kt extent, unlike the ease crs'ent .ft. ' ,h '"t declaration of war. And. indeed. I am tntuuntH tt,if Te ,bal .the fipffience of after jean, perhaps the ( unpruvea conumon oi the patiwlism vl the country tepupie neia tern enp.yt.-g the benign inflo'nce w,'rcb Um MJjice er fail to imp.ess upon U human affairs. I say, I hope, thai uch a state of Ikings may 1 'Ztsitz viisAs: .LV.".V! V" P? 'I mitaittre I , snd that the only subj. ct of discussion ou "-V -"J' ci hi ciscnsilon OU lOls DOOI Will pe as to the mode t pieuaratkh i p'eparatkn. and Ihe kind of piepaiaiion ; na tnai a my ce re-erved far that lime when dMinctani .,,.r,. a..- , .. - "Mini.! win come irom the committee. Mfc. AatHr.a then rose to or po'e the paar of ttie rcsoi l,.tL.. x. ...I. .,f,r'.. VI V1 V ?! K,t I affoid ah opportuni y cf making a splutter about patriot Urn. Ma. Ma gum. I call the Hunoiable Senator tu order. Mb, Aicuca. Iceitainly intend bo disrespect te yon, nor la anv Kitv Mr A -. ... . i ' -. uru toi on a' eomc icngio io aigue I. ..... . . . a-auisi me iiiuouuction or Ihe passage of Ibe resolutions on Ihe g.ound. that .t wa. a more digniür eo,,. ilo f" ow ihe Cnl'",ry eduic--, pnedure wS h 7he ' Jf K present case was sufSc cntlr tmro.tai i bv stir cede; m ..y.-- W " T" ' . "uu:nre. 'ra .0,a,e f CUP pulc ,l0 r., r tl,.Mt,M ,...1,1 inAlu.m - ... uuicii tnai war was inevitable, what etlect would e", I,,d hey not perceive the ttTett i '""T? tUo"J be people of the United Slate, t 1 "' ""ate itself wot'ld be waited th the teincJtest i br JK" po""ry: And what Would ba the IntVrt-tiea 'Jfnni the remaiks of the Senator lnm Michigan arid Ohio? fAlessr. Cass and Allen. 1 Cüld anv mail calculate the e ilu Inch would b-conveyed to hbiidrbd. tousaiiooi oosoms Dy the mere intimation that we were lo have war.' lie 10M In rnMiiuVm. ilii 1. I .Veen isolated nations, lor a small strio of territorv. at. inost valuelt-ss, and barren, bej ond the rear-tl of human Comprehension, and mi distant that it might not be found out for an object so absolutely valueless, they were Id be guilly or ciin.in-lily .nd vehulily. What would tbey ay when they .hall have read thi rJebale ? Why, that I. - I . .a ..... . ' , 1. r reuu wl me uominani party was 0 impressed IUI the ltletltable result wi a rupture wiih England, that they could not wait until it was promulgated, Bnd then make frrnara- ! ttons tn enforce the justice id our claims ; but before the resolutions were ever printed, and the commit tbe. tonld make inquiries, and before they Were appointed tv lh Senate, there uns a premature discussion. Wlu'iever silltfaiHAnaa . I I . f Ska ..... ft.. . u I. I ... ' nu, ' vrery ikumhiii, eten in this Star, would ba pained lo Iheir hearts, and filled with anxiety and horror. Ana all this to result, that overboiling patriotist.1 may be exhibited, in which humbler senator, might not p.-irtake with senators on lhat floor. If the resolution, were pressed, he Should Vote for ibem ; although lie believed if we were to have war, It would be with ihrf greatest power on Which the sun eVer shone. Many t.f his conMiturnts lived, for the most part, on the Atlantic seabord of the United Stale. What would be their roni dilion, if we should have war ? Tley had read, contained otie hundred last and year, that the liriiisli navy sixty, or two hundred and sixty steaui vessels lf war; Kveii last year. Suppose Iber wer one hundred and sixty only, there was not a river, a bay, a creek, On the Atlantic coait, that could not be perforated by the gunl of these eteamer. Nut only ihe cities wU!d suffet, but the larln bouses, before a call could ba made on the military to defend them. Thi. would be the condition of hit constituents in the event of war. There were no pait. of the United States, or of the whole United globe, that Stale.?. All was water. Where was the snip between the rivers? There was not a atrip. He repealed, the humblest individuals on the farm would suffer hy the incurrions of the Lfi-linh. There would not bsj a'p'g left; the English would sc'Ue il at plunder. When the Lnglish lelt, they would not rebuild their houses, (burnt by the desolating torch.) for fear the enemy would return and again destroy them. If the honor of his country required1 it, though Öregod was three thousand miles distant, he would not oppose the course suggested. Dut that country wa. inhabited by whom.' Dy people ol the tmtea Mates, who hud fi01l juriiciionofthe !attol the Ui.itfd i.r- ik.r. .1 ,. . . ;,. j lion acre, of land, at one dollar and twenty-five cents, or less, per acre. Aua because these people had gone away and settled in another country, they would go to war and expend money for tlu tn! lie believed, however, there was no prospect of War. There was ho danger, unless what? Unless war Should be proVoked and made itie.vitable by conduct bit the floor of the two house, of Congress. He believed, in sincerity and conscience; that if the negotiation were left 10 the executive government of the United Stale, and lhat ot Great Critlu there would be no danger tf war. He trusted honorable Senator, on the other side would be willing to confide the negotiation to the Executive ol the United Stales. He Came here over the leaden road ol anxiety, and was desirous lhat the negotiation should be intrusted to the President. They on his side were contented wiih the language bf the Executive, and Were willing that the language of provocation (hould be restricted lo the oilier side of the chamber. Mr. Cass rose to reply but gave way for A message to be received Irom the House of Representatives, announcing the death of the Hon. J. II. I xrTOK, of Tennessee. On the 16th, the debate wa. continued, of which th following synopsis and the result is given in the Union : Mr Wiles argued at considerable length in favor of the passsge of the 1 evolutions, chiefly on the ground that tbe negot ation between tbe two countries had reached that point wbtn it was absolutely necessary that Congret. should do its duty la ihe assertion of the national right, and meintneance of the national honor. Timely preparation for war, was. in his opinion, tbe best securiiy fot continued pea e- He did not anticipate a war. He believed thai Great Britain, on finding thst the United State, were not lo be bullitd, Would very readily come to amicable terms. Mr. Crittenden fdloweJ on ihe opposite ciJe, reiterating" the vi ws and argument put forth in Mr. .Mangum. speech yesterday, makiog, however, several attempts lo elicit such explanations from the k'i.tn.g uuhed Senat-jr from Mi higau as niight have a tendency 10 impair the force f hi. remark, in moving the adoption of ibe itso uiions. Bet in this Mr. Critu hdori kllogVther failed, ibe f?ei str front Michigan reiea'ing bis previous declarations which were certainly lucid and intelligible enough a. lo the probai ity ol a war in case, aller the year notice. Ureal Uritain permitted iu the practical assertion of bet claim to any portion of Oregon Territory. ..ill .. al The det a-e was contiuuea ty Mr. vCDter,wn cn:cnara st some length that Ihe manner in which the resolutions had been introduced was calculated l excite an aiaim that mifht be exlieraely pn judicial tu the interests of Ihe country; In the icsolu'ion tiicrtielves he saw nothing to coumn. ua was quite willing that preparations for war should be made, but be insiatad thai tbiy should be made quietly. This called out Mr. Sevier, who, in a biief, but eloquent aud foitible speech. defended the resolutions, and indignantly scouted the Met that any fiar of piovtking England, or of distuibing busine.-S specnla'tioD, should be al:owd to operate against tbe adoption of such told and open opciatiun. for the secuiiiy Ol tue countrv as the niesent circumstances demanded. Mr. Ue ruto follow ed on Ihe opposite sioe, ana was suc ceed) d by Mr. AlUn. tn defence or Ihe lesolbt.öU; Messrs. Cla) ton, Breese, and Noodbiidge also look pail In ihe debate, which was finally closed ubotlt half-past three Otlotkj when the resolutions weie put. ana unanimously aaopieo foity-six Senator (the füll number preSeut) voting ia the rflitnative. -. , State of liidiana.-IEeittriKs Jon my Hasoaicat faoaavs Covar. Samuel J. Ensminrer and Robert M.airsee, AdniiuWratora oi the estate nf IVUIiain Slegee, deceased, vs. vtuiiaia .cAuiey a au Jane, bis wile, Ulinoa Mecee, Allea Hess and Sarah, iu vr ita; Elub.hetli alaeee, Ceorteaa urks, Williaaa H. Hutks, r'raaese Jane Barks, bluutih Burks, Mary J. Burk, and Julia J. Burksj heir ol said estate. . Petili tt tell Rtal EMail. ramiK above named ilium AleAuley aa Jane, ins wile, (.utsoa JL Me.ee, Elisatwth Mevee, WH I una II. Barks, FraMcae Jana llurka. Elizabeth Burks and alary J, Burks, who ate aoa rwldeetsvt Ihn Mot r, are hereby ndlirted ll.at. at tili NbvHtr lern, I045.r (air said Hendricks PiiMie Court, tbe said Samnel J. Ensmlnger sad Rubra M. Megre, alininUHaUwBalureail, Oa-e la saw a in inur Dttttioa. slKiwinf lit instiilTciencvof the personal pnierty tii pay "d order to sen certain teal etaia of whith Iba said iUianl We.ea Oa-4 seised, to wit j tha north half of loa bona east ooarier of saction 3, township 16 aorta, or ranis una west, aua una " "r---bm heard and determined by said court on ths first day Of Ifta eil term to ha boldea al llie Court tlooae la uanvuie aj 0 " day ia February, in tlie year 1846, w bea and wbera tbey caa atua A.r' ' JOsilVA t). tM&tTL. Ork. onmuni State of Indiasia Ilenstritlts County. Green Eichanlsoa vs. Joel RichardH. isreiVa AUacimtnt. TJfE derrnrtanl, Ibe aaid Joel Ktclwrdaoa. I hereby Vifleaf IU( on tin S6U1 any of November, 1643, the said Geaaa KrUiarMM sued H of me oflvce of Nephea C. Crawford, a Jjiea of tha rW tn and fr tbs county of A udricks, ia th. Sat. I-dUna, a wrJ U forawa Attachaaeat.byvirui.of which tteww of fril 9tia Caaa.ba braa Sasaki upon and lakaa aa mnaay baJoeetn. to tha aald avfew aBt,aadliiatsaldwrltl.silBradi...a.ideiiu Ctva. aade niy hand and seal this Otts day of m '.j, , -

to the iinporiantaueatiua of j he m biflfling'atr,li4 Sa,e f Virginia.; and extendi id Hot StOll UK Uli lug Set:d- : V....1. r. r : r f . . a i . !

: con Iii um more enailv ncrli.rufi.ri a.ri iiik tuor- I rw.L- .

committees, as lo '".""U" . '.V n rteno, ltr. mangumj ...o

go larioer oouin. v nere was llie lanU between lliCse