Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 5, Number 3, Indianapolis, Marion County, 10 July 1845 — Page 1

INDIANA STATE SENTNIEL: . TUE OFFICIAL GAZETTE OF THE STATE gj-Ojflce on Illinois Street, Sörth of Washington. ' G. A. k 1 1 CHAPMAN, Editors. ,

. CThe State Sentinel will contain a much larger amount of reading matter, on all subjects of general interest, than any other newspaper in Indiana. t Vl SEMfv:? c? K,LEDJTioL Is published every W eduesday and Saturday, and during the session of the Legislature, three times a week, on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays, at Four Dol lars a year, payable always in advance. THE lVnCKLY, EDITION Is published every Thursday, at 'Iwo Dollars a year, always to be paid in advance. $1 in advance will pay for six months. jgi5 will pay for three copies one year. Persons remitting 10 in advance, free of postage, shall have three copies of the Semi-Weekly one year. 2 will pay fr six months, jSlwill always be charged for the Tri-Weekly, and 50 cents for the Weekly, during the Legislative sessions. ADVERTISEMENTS, will be inserted three times at one dollar a square of 8 lines', and. be continued at the rate of cents a square for each additional in sertion. Quarterly advertisements, per square, $"3. All advertisements from abroad must be accompanied by the cash ; or no attention will be paid to them. (fcjrPostage must be paid. INDIANA POL.1S, JULY 5, Auolber Inducement. As a further inducement to subscribe for the Sentinel, the franking privilege being taken from postmasters, we hereby agree to pay the postage on all letters containing five dollars and upwards. This .Will enable any three subscribers to sa ve each $31 cents, on each paper, and if within 30 miles, he will Receive the papers free of postage. Every subscriber, therefore, would be a gainer by getting two more to club with him, and remitting a five dollar bill. Anniversary Celebration. The anniversary of Irdependence was celebrated fa this city as well as could be expected, and better ,-ihan on some former occasions. Tn the morning, the ßabbath School Procession, . which, was very large, (causing many to wonder where so many children came from in so small a town,) together with the "Washingtonian Temperance Society, was formed at the Circle and marched through the principal streets to the State House Square, where the Declaration of Independence was read by David Reynolds, Esqr., an address to the members of the Sabbath Schools by J. L. Ketcham, Esq., and by Gov. Wallace to the Washingtonians. . At 11 o'clock, the Mechanics procession proceeded to the same place, where the address was well read by John S. Merrick, and a very excellent oration pronounced by William Ricketts. The procession Iben returned to Drake's Hotel, where they partook of a public dinner. The Young Men, in the afternoon, marched in procession to the 2d Prqsbyterian church, Where an oration was pronounced by William Wallace, which we did not hear. In the evening a large party assembled at the residence of Gov. Wallace, where a splendid supper had been preparec, and passed their time very agreeably. " Affray mid ITIuider. ' On the afternoon of yesterday, the 4th, at about 3 o'clock', an affray occurred in this city between a negro and some whites, in which the negro was finally filled outright. The name of the. negro is said to be John Tucker, about :43 years old, and previous to fhis incident, he i3 said to have been of a quiet and inoffensive disposition, lie was, we are told, formerly a slave in Kentucky, but many years ago hon- I iprably obtained freedom, and came to this vicinity He had been employed cri the farm of Postmaster Henderson for several years, up to the time of his death. He has left two clüldren, a girl about 13, and a. boy about 10 years old. ,. ' On the complaint of two respectable citizens, Nicholas, or as commonly called, Nick Wood, was arrested on the charge of having committed this fatal act. He was taken before Mayor Levt, but Wood being rather uproarious with liquor, and the excitement considerable, the Mayor very properly committed the accused until this morning (Saturday), for examination. Other persons are rumored to have been directly engaged in assailing the negro, and the statements made concerning the commencement and continuation of the affray, as might be supposed, vary very much, according to the circumstances in which the relators were placed, and the confusion which prevailed. Of these, however, it would do no good to speak at prefect It is the business cf the law and its administrators to investigate the whole affair and do justice to all involved. . . , The negro defended himself with desperate determination ; clubs were used and stones and brickbats flew thick as hail. Wood's right eye was bunged early in the affray, but the person who was most seriously injured, and narrowly escaped with life, was Edward Davis, usually a very quiet person, who received a severe though not dangerous cut in the side pf bis head from & brick-bat, said to have been hurled by the negro, while making a retreating flight up Illinois street, where he was immediately killed. ,. The principal wounds received by the negro were apparently those on his head. There was a severe gne, perhaps the severest, over the right frontal region of the skull, probably made by a club; another on the back of the head,; a large gash on the top of Jhe front head a litt!e to the left ; a hole on the right cheek, below the right corner of the eye, and the jaw fene fractured ; a hole cut through the left ear, and veral maller wounds. It was a horrible spectacle ; doubly horrible that it bould have occurred on the 4th of July, a day which of all others should be consecrated to purposes far different from a display of angry and vindictive passion and brutality. All good men will reflect upon it with deep regret. P. S. Since the above was written, it is stated that a writ has been issued fur the arrest of William Balenger, on a charge of participating in the affray; but that he has not yet been arrested. f .. . (fcjrA more careful examination by physicians today, (Saturday) proves, that Tucker's skull was fractured the whole length. The blow which caused it would have felled an ox. Absence of the Governor. For the information of the friends of the Governor and those desirous of addressing him by letter, we are requested to state that he will, for the next two weeks be at Mt. Fleasant, Martin county, where let ters should be sent. This will account for non-replication to such as may be on the way, and received here during his absence. We are also enabled to state that the Governor will personally, so far as his other duties will admit attend to the selection of lands granted by the last Congress for the completion of the Wabash and Erie canal. We shall be much sur prised if the Governor does not stop the mouths of those clamorous whigs who cry so lustily for his plan of relieving the State from the grievous debt brought upon it by whig legislation. We shall then see the course of those who are sojoculiarly sensitive about the. "honor and credit" of the State just before an election, and who profess to have horrors because Democrats have not been able to pay our debt in two years. . . Send democrats to the Legislature to assist the Governor, not whigs to oppose such measures as he may advise.

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1 Published everv Thursday. - . Neutral Periodicals. On the subject of political neutrality in periodicals, the Albany Atlas makes these sensible remarks, in an article concerning the Democratic Monthly Reviews : The Democratic Review has acquired, during an existence of six or seven years, a higli reputation with the reading public. It claims to be, and desires to be considered a political journal. It-is received as such, and the public support it as uch, with a liberality would not be extended to a merely literary enterprise. The success of the work shows that in this country, as in England, literature must identify itself with politics. Not only the established Quarterly Reviews of England, but Die monthly magizines are political, and the poets, travellers and essayists of England almost universally array themselves, or are forced by this system, under the hostile banners of the Government or the opposition. It is only the most inferior and ephemeral portion of the periodical literature of England that-is without a political character. It was thought a heresy some years since, br the overwise of our own country, to unite pontics wan literature, and our Quarterly Reviews feared so much to be political, that they were not even national they.becatne poor copyUts.d" the feeblest literary talk of the British Reviewers." ( ; These observations apply with much greater force to newspapers than to magazines. The notion that a newspaper, omitting to take part in matters which are of chief importance to the community, can be more interesting or more useful than those which make such discussions a prominent feature, is absurd ; and could hardly be tolerated by a mind of more stamina than that of a love-sick novel-reading girl. Political papers may occasionally be coarse and abusive towards opponents, it is true ; but this very collision may nevertheless serve to bring out the true fire of the flint. Such abuse and coarseness, is but the mere effervescence of antagonistic principles, and in most instances only tends to render pungently agreeable to many what otherwise might be nauseous and insipid. He who supposes that the great mass of sensible and intelligent people of this country will brego participation in the discussion of subjects of primary importance to their political and social wellbeing, for vain and frivolous amusement of any description, only displays great weakness, and will find himself in the end miserably mistaken. If it be true, that he is a benefactor of mankind who merely causes two blades of grass to grow where one only would be produced naturally, how much more honora ble and beneficent is that vocation which leads men to seek out new principles and means of human improvement and happiness, or even to assist in applying to that end, the principles and means already established and recognized ! It is such considerations as these, latent if not expressed, which influence the conductors of political periodicals, especially of a liberal order of sentiment, and of those who aid and support them ; and it will be a lamentable era for the free institutions of this country when the reverse shall be true, and the people shall become content with a parlor and boudoir literature, instead of one built upon the sublime basis of human liberty and progress. " The Mysteries of Iniquity.'' This is the title of an article which originally appeared in the pages of the Whig Review, a new magazine recently commenced in New York city. It pretended to tell by what stupendous fraud upon the suffrage, concocted by gamblers, escaped convicts and ruffians, in close connexion with the leaders of the democratic party, the last election was won. Being written with great inflation and grandiloquence of style, and the completest recklessness of truth, with a large infusion of anti-democratic malignity, it of course just suited the taste of a certain class of whig politician's, and was extensively copied by whig editors. Among others, our neighbor, the Jciirnal, which seldom fails to Eeize upon such 6tuff with great avidity, copied a portion of the article, and we believe recommended attention to it editorially. Now that the readers of that paper may see how much the charges made in the article are worth, we copy the following extract from a notice of it by the N. Y. Courier & Enquirer, a leading whig paper : ' In this very long apd circumstantial pretended history of the frauds cf the last election, it is wcrthy of remark, that the writer does not attempt to give the slightest evidence in support of his allegations. He starts off upon a vaoa'. absurd theory ; and then as he proceed',, manufactures facts in support of it. Charge upon '-charge is brought forward in the most circumstantial manner ; allegation after allegation is made with as much apparent confidence in their truth as if the facts had been elicited in a court of justice ; and yet net one particle of evidence in support of a solitary charge or allegation, is placed before the reader. Nobody can rise from the perusal of this paper without a conviction that it is from beginning to end, the work of an unsettled and wandering imagination of a brain laboring under a most unhappy hallucination, which calls for the prompt interference of kind friends to prevent more disastrous consequences. That the mind of the writer is not as tranquil as it should be, is apparent from the gross contradictions contained in the article itself ; and that, the responsible Editor of the magazine, has no brains to become addled, is manifest from the admission of such a raving and ridiculous article into its pages." The Courier &. Enquirer further said : " The editor announces in conspicuous. type, that 4 the copyright of the article entitled 4 Mysteries of Iniquity, has been secured by the author, according to law. A full edition,, with emendations, of its facts, we hope, is already in press, and will be issued in two or three days ! A mad man in the Bloomingdale Asylum, some weeks since, imagined himself the liver of a goose, in process of being enlarged, to make a I'atte foie gras. Most assurdly, the conceit, was original : and we think there would, hafc been quite as much sanity evinced in his securing the copyright to it, as there is in taking out a copyright for the article in question. No copyright was necessary in either case, for there is as little prospect of any person ever copying the fifty pages of - rigmarole from the Whig journal ' as there is of a sane man borrowing the idea of his being a goose's liver in process of enlargement by beat. We cheerfully admit, however, the right of the author of 4 The Mystery of Iniquity to a copyright, on both instead of one of the usual grounds for protection : it is perfectly original in its character, and from the commencement to the end, a fiction.' The Courier & Enquirer could not have known that the Mysteries " bad been copied by the Indiana Slate Journal, or it never would have talked as it does, per haps. And, perhaps, again, it does not understand the taste of the whig party here, or the material upon which its zeal and faith is fed. When it comes to. learn that, perhaps it may be a little less severe in condemning the promulgation of humbug, folly and falsehood of the grossest and most palpable kind through the pages of the leading periodical of the party; . . ' . After the scathing rebuke of the Courier & Enqui rer was published, Colton, the editor of the Review, published a . card in Jülich he admitted the folly and falsehood of the article, and tried to evade personal responsibility by charging the rascality on the writer of the articfe alone. Shelby CotxTY. Mr. Hendricks having declined funning for the Senate, Mr. Handy now had a clear track. We hone to see Old Shelby roll up one of her old-fashioned Democratic majorities." Lct all minor differences be forgotten for the general good.

INDIANAPOLIS, Capital Punishment. Another Mcederxk Acquitted. Jlenry Daniel, formerly a member of Conjress, who shot and killed his brother-in-law, at Mt. Sterling., Ky., last winter, has been tried and acquitted. . Daniel committed this murder in broad day, in opeo court, and in the presence of a multitude of witnesses; yet the jury says not guilty. The truth is that a murderer can safely undergo the ordeal of a trial, while almost any other criminal is sure to te conweted. Such is the

natural result growing out of the general aversion to Last Saturday morning, a tornado visited the the penalty of death. It is therefore good policy for neighborhood near Vevay, la., unroofed some houses, criminals of every grade to add murder to their other carried away chimneys, prostrated fences, and occacrimes, and thus secure immunity from any punish- sioned other damage. Two or three persons were inment whatever, except the farce of a trial. The only jured, but no lives were lost.

way in which these evils can be remedied, is to make the penalty what it ought to be imprisonment for life instead of hanging. t , AxoTHEfc .C'AjE. A pian named Pappenberg was recently tried at Philadelphia, on a charge of murdering a Mr. Treager. lie was acquitted, though the circumstantial evidence, (such as possessing the watch and some clothing of the deceased, blood on his own clothes, which he had tried to wash out, a bloody hatchet on his premises, &.c.,) was very strong against the accused. . Still it was vossihle that he was not - guilty, and so the jury after deliberating three days, refused to convict. A Philadelphia paper says It is presumable that in at least half the cases of actual murder, an acquittal takes place; and that this would not continue to be the case if capital punishment were abolished." And the N. Y. Morning News olA serves, ' that in capital cases, the mind of the juror often becomes warped and affected in a manner to half unfit him for the proper discharge of thai high function, and absurd verdicts are often rendered in perfect good faith and honesty of purpose. A perpetual silent reference to the bloody penalty causes him to look upon the different parts of the evidence with very different eyes. The smallest possibility of a doubt is vastly magnified to his mental vision, while the clearest points against the prisoner retreat insensibly into the background or into the shade. Change the nature of the punishment to one less abhorrent to the deepest instincts of human nature, and all this will be changed." The.News further says"The late Circuit Judge of this Circuit, Judge Kent, a man who shed upon his office a higher lustre than it could yield, became a decided convert to the doctrine of the abolition of the death-penalty, from his experience and observation on the Bench. Onethird of the panel of jurors, he said, refuse to serve in capital cases ; and of those who are sworn into the jury box half go there with minds more than half unfitted for its duty. On the ground of expediency alone for the true interests of the public, and for the prevention of crinie by increasing the certainly of punishment, he declared himself prepared tJ 6ign a petition,to the Legislature in favor of the proposed change. We might easily name many of our higher judges who entertain similar views." The subject of the abrogation of death punishment is exciting much attention in England as well as in tiiis country! It will not be many years before this relic of barbarism will, like that of Imprisonment for Debt, be cast into the receptacle of lost things. Public meetings have been held in some parts of the Kingdom, and petitions have been addressed to the Queen, in favor of a reform in the matter. The Loudon Economist, an able advocate of liberal principles, says . - !.( We rejoice to find that the late horrid executions of criminals are exciting a feelirig of disgust throughout the country. It is felt that the hangman has done his best (or worst,) and man is not reformed. The more the hangman does, the more he gets to do, until every now and then a feeling of satiety comes over the public, trom whom jurymen are choson, and they take refuge in verdicts of insanity. But the fact is, all criminals are insane, which is no reason why; when they are proved to be mischievous, they should be suffered to go at large ; but it is a very good reason why they should be treated kindly but not ven2efully should be kept out of harm's way, in fact, both on their own account and on that of-others There is no greater remnant of barbarism among us than our criminal code from beginning to end. It is, in fact, pure unadulterated barbarism. We stand out among so called enlightened nations, in most unenviable relief. as the hanging nation ; and it is a fact, that we have more criminals for our population than any people among whom records of crjme are kept. .With those who think it no sin to.han.ir: but a rioht and n.-vessarv - o j though painful duty, this fact ought to weigh heavily. It is evident they don t gain, their ends by it; they don't deter from crime in proportion to the number of their executions, but, on the contrary, are dared with at least one, often two or three fresh murders, to say nothing of thefts and minor offences, fur every time that they erect the gallows. Will experience, which guides us in every thing else, carry no lessons to ns in matters of life and death in laws which, for better or for worse, have their effect on every member of society. We do not believe it War, which some people are just now talking of, is bad enough ; but it is not all bad, for noble virtues and heroic conduct (which we could wish to see otherwise displayed) are from time to time manifested in it. But about hanging there is not one even insignificant feature which for a moment withdraws the view from its mean, cruel, coarse, vindictive cnaracter. Are we wrong, then, in booing and anticipating, as we certainly much desire, that we are near having seen the end of it ! ., . . : : ' Gt'ILTT OF BEING " CONCERNED IN THE ScAVE Trade. The case of Jason L. Pendleton, indicted for a misdemeanor, in being connected with the slave trade on the cast of Africa, was brought to a close in the United, States District Court, Baltimore, by a verdict of guilty. The punishment is fine and imprisonment, the lowest grade eveii very severe. The trial of Peter Flowery, Captain of the schoon er Spitfire for being engaged in the slave trade, before the U. S. District court of Mass., was brought to a close on Saturday, and the jury rendered a verdict of guilty, with a recommendation of mercy. ii The circuit court of AVarreö county, Miss., convict ed Thomas Dowling, an overseer, of mans'aMghter in the first degree, for killing a slave belonging to his employer, R. Ballard. Emancipation in Kentucky-. The Louisville Journal says : The question of gradual emancipation hae been a good deal discussed privately among us of late, and it may come under public discussion soon, but whenever it does the principles and views of the abolitionits will have few advocates here. The question will be viewed as a politico-ecenc&nical question. It will not be a question of emancipation so much as a question of policy of transferring the slaves into other States. The most that can be expected Uthe passage of a law declaring all persons born after a certain day fiee." , ., t In the House of Correction at Boston, not a blow has been struck in twelve years, not an instance of resistance to authority known, and during that time over seven thousand five hundred prisoners have passed through the prison. This is good government. The Illinois Legislature incorporated the Willimantic Brass Band i with the privilege of issuing notes, as a matter of course.

JULY 10, 1845.

Tornado. We learn that a destructive Tornado passed over a portion of Hendricks county, near Brownsburgh on Tuesday last, filling the roads with trees and destroying every thing in its course. We have heard of one death, and several injuries ; but have not been able to get the particulars in detail. Twigs and leaves in abundance are said to have fallen in this neighborhood not far from town. We hope some of our friends will send us full particulars. North Carolina. The election for members of Congress in this State takes place on Thursday, the 7th day of August. The following are the candidates in nomination : Districts. 1st 2d 3d 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th Dem. Charles Fisher David S. Reid Whig. T. L. Clingman. D. M. Barringer. A. B. McMillan. Jonathan Worth. Alfred Dockery. James C. Dobbin James J. McKay J. R. J. Daniel Henry S. Clark Asa Biggs T. D. Meares. R. S. Donncll. David Outlaw. Dorr Liberated. A letter was received yesterday by our friend, Dr. Dunlap, from Rhode Island, dated Providence, June 27th, stating that Gov. Dorr had been the day before unconditionally liberated from prison, and that the republicans were celebrating the event by the firing of cannon and other demonstrations of joy and gladness. Thus do we gain another triumph over tyranny and tyrants. Facts for the People. Dr. Duncan, in his speeeh on the Army Appropriation Bill, exposes the profligate policy of the government in relation to war expenses. The Major General receives $7,144 88 per annum in salary or perquisites ; equal to the income of twenty-four farms, capital and labor included. A Brigadier General receives $ 4,600, equal to the proceeds of fifteen farms, each worth $5000, and labor included. An Adjutant General receives $3,884, a sum equal to the proceeds of thirteen farms, worth each $5,000, and labor included. An Inspector General receives $4,133, equal to the proceeds of fourteen farms, worth $5,000, and labor included. A Quartermaster General receives $3,767, equal to the proceeds of twelve farms, each worth $5,000, and labor included. A commissary General receives $3,568, equal to the proceeds of twelve farms, each worth $5,000, labor included. A Surgeon General receives $3,628, equal to the proceeds of twelve farms, worth each $5,000, labor included. A Colonel receives $3,916, equal to the proceeds of thirteen farms ; a Major, $2,307, equal to the proceeds of eight farms; a Captain, $2,183, equal to the proceeds of seven farms, worth each in all cases $5000, labor included. MADAM GEORGE SAND.--The N. Y. Post says that one of the papers in a late number of the new Whig Magazine, which will be read with most interest, is one in vindication of the much abused writings of George Sand. In this the writer, like the critic in a recent London Quarterly, undertakes to show that this woman is not the monster which she is represented to be by persons who have either never read her writings, or wittingly distorted their tendency. Her sentiments arid aspirations, he thinks, are not those of a monster, but of a true, noble hearted woman. It would be well for all who have formed their opinions of the accomplished Frenchwoman, from the lying periodicals of England, either to get her works or read this defence. At the close of his essay, the writer administers a rebuke to the ignorant prejudice and rancorous bigotry cf the Paris correspondent of the National Intelligencer, who does more than any other single man to give the Americani false notions of European politics and literature. We are pleased to see the rebuke come from one who is of his own way of thinking in politics. The remains of General Jackson now rest in the spot so beautifully alluded to by him in his reply to Commodore Elliott, in the following language : "I have prepared an humble depository for my mortal body beside that wherein lies my beloved wife, where, without any pomp or parade, I have requested, when my God calls me to sleep with my fathers, to be laid ; for both of us there to remain until the last trumpet sounds, to call the dead to judgment, when we, I hope, shall rise together, clothed with the heavenly body promised to all who believe in our glorious Redeemer, who died for us that we might live, and by whose atonement I hope for a blessed immortality." Gen. Santa Anna, lady and family, exiles from Mexico, arrived at Havana on the 7th inst., in the Br. mail steamer Medway from Vera Cruz. They were going to Venezuela. On the same day Gen. Bustamente landed at Havana on his way to Mexico, in the Br. mail steamer Dee from England. The Havana papers say that in their Mexican files they find nothing touching the diffculties about Texas. All indications of war between Mexico arid the United States had cooled down. It is recorded in one of the Havana papers that the French Secretary of Legation had been insulted by some Mexican soldiers. The Secretary had required of the government of Mexico prompt redress, or he would demand his passports. PLANK ROADS--A Montreal correspondent of the Rochester Democrat, writes June 13th as follows: "I took a ride yesterday to Chalbly, a flourishing village, some 13 miles from here, over a plank road, which was built four years ago, and it proved to be a charming one, so far as ease for the draught of the horse was concerned. The planking of the road cost $2,800 a mile. So far, it has paid 7 per cent and an annual surplus of $2,500 a year, reserved as a sinking fund, to replank when necessary." SATANSTOE, OR THE LlTTLEPAGE MANUSCRIPTS, is the title of a new book by James Fennimore Cooper. It is a tale of the early events of this country while a colony. Mr. Cooper says in his preface that he has been induced to lay this book before the public as it relates "directly to the great New York question of the day, Anti-Rentism." The Pittsburg Chronicle states that about five hundred buildings are in the course of erection in the "burnt district." The number already completed is supposed to be something over one hundred. By next autumn the greater portion of the "burnt district" will be rebuilt, and in most cases with good and substantial brick-building. The Journal of Commerce says the weather in New York city, on the Cth, was warmer than it bad been on any previous day for seven years.

Volume Yi:::::::::Xunil)Cr 3.

Account of Gen. Jackson's Last Mo ments, Trom his Tamil) 11)) &iciau. We are favored with the original cf the following letter, which will be found interesting to all our readers. Un ion. Nashville", Tenn., 0th June, 1945. Dear sib : It is. probable, before this letter shall have reached you, vou will have heard of the death of our venerable friend, General Andrew Jackson, who departed this life on yesterday afternoon, preciIy at six o'clock. Knowing that you have been left his papers, and being well assured that you always have taken a lively interest in him while "living, and believing you would be pleased to know something of his last moments in life, . I have thought j-iujr io mähe you uiis communication, as I taw much of him during his la-t illness, and was present at his death. I have been frequently in his family, as pnysician, lor several years past ; and on my return home from the east, in April, I visited him in company with his particular friend, General Robert Armstrong. We found him very feeble, laboring under a dropsical affection particularly that form of dropsy known as anasarcha. He informed me he had suffered much bodily pahi, in cousequence of the great effusion or swollen condition of his extremities. The cough which had harassed him so much for years, had nearly or quite left him ; but his difficulty of breathing appeared to be increased. I prescribed for him, and visited him occasionally. The remedies appeared at first to afford him considerable relief, as it respected his dropsical condition; but his system had been so undermined by previous disease, tht medicine appeared to have lost its impression or effect. The dropsical effusion returned, and I was requested to visit him on the 1st of this instant, and found him suffering excessively from the distension occasioned by the accumulation of water. I immediately tapped him, and drew off a very considerable quantity of water, which afforded him immediate relief. He took an anodyne at night, and iuformed me, the next morning, that he had passed a better night than he had done for the last six months. Dre. Robertson and Waters were in consultation on the next morning. We agreed on a prescription, which was administered, and which gave him temporary relief. This was all we could expect to obtain, considering, his situation. I was sent for again on Saturday, tlic 7th inst. The messenger informed me that the General was much worse. I hastened to the Hermitage, and found him very much exhausted. He had great dilBculty in respiration, in consequence of an accumulation of water in his chest. Ilr requested I should remain witJi him, as he was well aware that his dissolution wjs near at hand, lie took an anodyne and expectorant, and appeared to pass the first part of the night tolerably comfortable. He had not been able to lie down for the last six months. He had to be propped up in his bed at night, and in his arm-chair during the day. )a Sunday morning, the 8th instant, (the day on whicli he died,) on entering his room, 1 1'jund him sitting in his arm-chair, with his two faithful servants, George and Dick, by his side, who had just removed him from his bed. 1 immediately perceived that the hand of death was upon him. I informed his son that he could not survive but a few hours; and lie immediately despatched a servant for Major William B. Lewis, the General's devoted friend. Mr. Jackton informed me that it was the General's request that, iu case he grew worse, or was thought to be near his death, Major Lewis should be seut for, as he wished him to be near him in his last moments. He was instantly removed to his bed ; but, before lie could be placed there he had swooned away. His family and servants, believing him to be dead, were very much alarmed, and manifested the most intense grief; however, in a few seconds reaction took place, and he became conscious ; and raised his eyes aud said : "My dear children, do not grieve f jr me ; it is true, I am going to leave you ; I am well aware of my situation ; 1 have suflered much bodily pain ; but my sufferings are but as nothing, comjared with that which our blessed Savior eudured upon that accursed cross, that we might all be saved who put their trust in him." tie hrst addressed JUrs. Jackson, (his daughter-in-law,) and took leave of her i remindinr her of her tender kindness manifested to wards him at all times, and especially during Iiis protracted illness. He next took leave of Mrs. Adams, (a widowed sister of Mrs. Jackson, who has been a member of the General's family for several years,) in the most kind and affectionate manner, reminding her also of her tender devotion towards him during his illness, lie next took leave of Iiis adopted son iu the most affectionate and devoted manner. He next took leave of his grand children, and the children of Mrs. Adams. He kissed and bles.std them in a manner so touchingly impressive, that 1 have no language that can do tins scene justice. Jle discovered that there were two of tlie boys absent -one of his grandsons and one of Mrs. Adams's. He inquired tor them. He was informed that they were at the chapel, attendiug Sunday school. He desired that they should be sent for. As soon as they came, he kissed and blessed them .also, as he had done to those with him. By this time most of his servants had collected in his room, or at the windows. When he had taken leave of them all, he delivered one of the most impressive lectures on the subject of religion that 1 have ever heard. He spoke for near hall' an hour, and apparently with the power of inspiration ; for he sjuke with calmness, with strength, and, iudced, with animation. I regret exceedingly, my dear sir; that there was r.ot one present who could have noted down its precise words. They might have been read with prolit, and would have been fondly cherished as a precious gem by all the good and great cf .the land. In conclusion, he said : "xUy dear children, and friends and servants, I hope and trust to meet you all in heaven, both wjnte and black." The last eeiitence he repeated boii white aud black," looking at them with the lenderest solicitude. With these words, he ceased to speak, but fixed his eyes on his granddaughter, Rachael Jackson, (who bears the name of his own beloved wife,) for several seconds. What was passing through his mind at that moment, 1 will not pretend to say ; but it did appear to me that he was invoking the blessings of Heaven to rest upon her. The lecture, to his family was awfully sublime. His implicit belief in the Christian religion, and in the plan of salvation, as revealed in the Jiible his great anxiety that they should beheve iu religion, as taught by the holy Scriptures; and that, in so doing, tney would insure their eternal sal vat. ou, and join him in heaveu ; such sentiments, from -such a man, at such a time, are enough to put to flight all scepticism ou the subject of religion. Major Lewis arrived about two o'clock. The General appeared to know him when he spoke to him. As I before 6tated, the General had to be propped up in his bed ; and Major Lewis supported b;s head until he breathed his last ; which was precisely at six o'clock, p. m. Thus died the greatest and best man of the age, or, perhaps, of any age. I am, with great regard, your friend and obedient servant, JNü. N.. ESSELMAN. Francis P. Blair, Esq. The His Chinese JLcttcr. This singular document, which perhaps surpasses in its 1 dimeusions, and in particulars of composition, any State paper wiiich was ever addressed to our government, arrived at! the Department of State yesterday. .We had an opportunity of seeing the extraordinary missive, and have been favored with the following copy of a translation, which was made from the Chinese by Mr. Barker, and transmitted with the original document. The whole accompaniment is almost as unique as the document itself. It will be deposited with the archives of our government, to gratify the curiosity cf tirtuotos. Accompanying this letter, is one addressed to Mr. Cushing, our late com missioner to China of which we furnish also a trans lation'.' The reader will probably recollect that we recently published "n interesting communication from a learned Chinese scholar in this city descriptive of the characters of the letter written by the Chinese ; and proving that the higher the respect hitenled to be shown the large? Was the dimension of the letter. If this rule be a correct oi e, no higher rest could scarcely be shown to the President of the United

States, or perhaps to any potentate upen the face of the earth, than in this extraordinary composition. Tlie contents of the letter to the President are vcryogretalle. ' It breathes tlie pure spirit of peace, and a sincere desire to extend the benefits of intercourse between the two great nations "the Central Vlcvery Kingdom," as the Chinese call their own empire, and "the .Nation of tLe Flowery Flag, as they call us. (See tlie sentiments if tlie Scholars and People of

j Canton, in Mr. Cushing'u Documentary Correspondence submitted to the last Congriss, page CO.) It is amusing to see with what an air of refined cocrtesy tlie Emperor excuses himself for cot teeing Mr. Cushing at Pekin. Our comniiss.oner was most anxious to take the trouble of the visit ; but the Emperor plays the diplomatist, and disguises his policy of keeping strangers from Iiis capital, under the appearance of the greatest consideration fur the comfort of the ambassador." The letter to tlie President consists of a roll of 7 feet 1 inch long, ty '2 feet 11 inches wide. The writing is tn a field cf plain yellow silk, with a margin of silk of tlie 6ame .color, embroidered in gold thread. The leUer is in two languages, (Chinese and Manchu Tartar,) in characters of large tue, and in perpendicular columns, which are separated in the middle by the imperial seal which is composed of Chinese characters, enclosed in a cartouc about 3 inches square. This roll is enclosed in a wrapper of yellow silk, (yellow being the imperial color;) which again is enclosed in a round box covered with yellow silk, and closed by two fastenings of jade stoue ; and dually is enclosed in an oblong square box of rosc-wood, and padded and lined with yellow silk. Vnwn. COFT. The great Emfeeor presents his regards to the President, and trusts he is well. I the E.mi'Eeor having looked up and received the manifest will cf Heaven, hold the reins cf government over, and soothe and tranqudize the Central Fhncery Kingdom, regarding all within aud teyond the border seas as one and the same family. Early in the spring, the ambassador rf your honorable nation, Caleb Cushing, having received your letter, arrived from afar at my jroxince of Yue. He having passed over tlie vast oceans with unspeakable . toil and fatigue, I, the Emteeor, not bearing to cause him further inconvenience of travelling by land and water, to diipense with his coming to Peking to be presented at court, specially appointed Ke Ying, of tlie imperial house, minister and commissioner txtraordinary, to repair thither, ai,d to treat him with courteous attention. Moreover, they having negotiated and settled all things proper, the said minister took the ht'ur, and presented it for sit inspection ; and tocr sincerity and friendship being in the highest degree real, and the tliougnts and sentiments being w ith the utmost sincerity and truth kind, at the time Of opening and perusing it, my pleasure and delight were exceedingly profound. " "V All and everything they Lad settled regarding the regulations of commerce, I the EMn-r.oR. further examined with utmost scrutiny, and found they are all perspicuous, and entirely and perfectly judicious, and forever worthy of adherence. To Kiccttiz Chow, Hen Mu4 Fuh Choic, King-To. and Shatfg Hae it is alike permitted the citizens of tlie United States to proceed, and according to the articles cf the treaty, at their convenience to carry on commerce.' ' : " Now, bound by perpetual amity and concord, advantage will accrue to the citizens of both nations, which, I trust, must certainly cause the President also to be extremely wt.ll satisfied and delighted. Taon Kwang, lUth yr: 11th m. and 7th d. (ICth Dec. A. D. 1844. of thel al will. J Great seal of tlie empire in Chi- I S.gnet nese and Tartar. j iuiperi v. (Signed) TETER PARKER, Late Chinese Secretary to the Legation. The fiv porU in the Chinese Empire which the lietty opeus to the commerce of the United Stales. Lcitok. i From the Wtthington Union. LcttCis oT iVIaiquc. The " New Orleans Republican" stated a few days ago, upon the authority of a gentleman fiom Havana, then in New Orleans, that numerous commissions from Mexico have nlready been issued to ersons in Havana, to take effect immediately, in the event of war. Our informant 6tates that there are such commissions now in this city, and that one of them has been offered to one of our citizens." ' The V Republican" is doubtful about the. accuracy of this report; and yet it would not be very extraordinary if Mexico should be urged to go to war, with the expectation cf cutting up our commerce, by foreign vessels under her letters of marque. But has she calculated the consequences, or, rather, have those who would sail under the Mexican commissions! Mr. B. Marigny, of New Orleans, meets this difficulty at once, when, in his admirable letter of May 16, 1844, he combats all the objections which had been urged to the annexation of Texas. He encountered this argument of a war with Mexico, and of the letters of marque, to which she would resort, as the means of carrying it on. He asks : " Will the pruud and. gallant American navy suffer itself to be m'imidatcd by letters of marque I And will it not be able to obviate their effects ! Remember, thtt for a vessel to be entitled to such letters of marque, twothirds of, her crew must be Mexicans! Where are tlie Mexican sailors! I trust we have not forgotten that, at the seige of St. Juan de Ulloa, Admiral Kaudin announced that every vessel bearing a Mexican letter oi marque, and two-thirds of whose crew were not Mexicans, should be considered as a pirate, and treated as such." Can we imagine that there is, by chance, less energy in the superior officers of tlie American navy than in Admiral Baudin ! Any one who thought so would find himself greatly mistaken. When Slidell Mackenzie, a lieutenant of our navy, in order to maintain the discipline of his crew, and tlie honor of his flag, hesitated not to hang a son of one of the members of our cabinet, can it be sup posed that we should not always find sufikicnt energy among our officers to punish pirates, wiio siiouiu attempt to cover their crimes by a lttcr of marque issued by the government ot Mexico! Let the Mexicans, and those who are pleased to abuse the Mexican flag to pirate upon our commerce, be undeceived. We know the energy cf the man who now presides over our government ; and we are perfectly assured, that if Mexico should be persuaded byjher ofn: passions, or tempted by the intrigues cf oihersj to plunge the two counties into war, our government will support the people, and tlie people will support the government in adopting the most energetic legitimate measures in upholding the honor of our flag, and in protecting the interests of our commerce. We haVe no hesitation in saying, that instructions would at once be issued to tlie commanders of our squadron-?; if they have not already been issued, to treat as pirates every foreign vessel that is pleased to sail with foreign crews under these fictitious letters of marque. A lew crews hung up, according to tlie laws of nations, at the yard-arm of their vessels, would soon abate the nuisance, nnd confine the exertions of Mexico to her own limited miserable marine. Routs at Couiiersvillc We learn that on Friday last the frst Boat come up the canal to Connersville ; an event that was greet ed by the citizens as well it might be with the highest demonstrations of io. Saturday five or six others came up, and if the late heavy freshet has not injured the canal, it may now be announced that navigation is uninterrupted from Cincinnati to Connersville' Coniiersville is a fine place, and for the energy, real and liberality displayed by her citizens towards the canal, deserves to participate largely in the benefits and blessings flowing from the completion of the work ; and although she cannot long expect to remain at the " head of navigation," we have no doubt she is destined to become a place cf no small commercial and manufacturing importance. There are already there a number of merchants of wealth, probity aud established reputation others will come in, of course, and if they will unite in doing an honest and fair business, there is ro tel. ing what extent of trade they may command. AVto Castle Courier. Postmaster at New Albant. We learn that Calvin W. Ruttr has been appointed Postmaster at New Albany, in place of Gen. A. S. Burnett, resigned. Gen. Burnett has held that office, at diffc rent periods, for many years, and he retire with the highest reputation as a competent and faithful ofTiccr. . The appointment of 31 r. Ruter, as bis successor, is, we' understand, universally approved by the citizens of New Albany. 'jouisrüle Dem.