Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 4, Number 52, Indianapolis, Marion County, 19 June 1845 — Page 2

THE STATE SENTINEL.

WEEHLY EDITIOV. tTCPSAt vioitAUCi i THt raice or uieett. For Congress, Fifth District. WILLIAM W. WICK. STATE SEXTINEL 1VEEKLY. , This week's number closes the Fourth Volume of the Weekly State Se.yti.nel, and another of. course, commences the Fifth. We shalS then change the principal head for one occupying less space, by which we shall gain room for new matter. Our arrangements Will be very favorable to new subscribers, giving tlicrh a much larger amount of reading rnatter for the same money than can be obtained in any other paper in this State. We hope our friends throughout the State will continue their subscriptions, and aid us as much as they can in obtaining new ones. Grateful for such favors, wc shall always endeavor to rcpiy them by increased energy, enterprise and improvement. Our ambition has chiefly been to establish at the Capital of Indiana, a newspaper of a respectable and useful character; Wc mny have fallen short in our aim, but wc have done all that our means would permit to accomplish it. The people generally, and particularly the Democratic partjr, its eminent members especially, ought to feel some interest in this matter, and we trust will do all in their power to aid us. To Advertisers. It will be of interest to our subscribers, advertisers and the public generally, to knbvr that all advertisements for the Semi-Weekly, will appear at least oricc iri " the Weekly Sentinel. This "Ives tllctfi a larger circulation than cari be obtained in any other paper in the ßtaici 07"The story, brought to our notice a day or two since, that some other paper in this place has a larger circulation than the State Sentinel, we have heretofore been unwilling to notice; and because we doubted if any could be so deceived. To be sure, a notice to that effect apparently, has been published J but he must be soft iädeed, who cannot see the big hole left to cr.'! but. It was as bad as a lie, however, because intended to deceive. The Sentinel has the largest, and the Journal the next largest list, in the place. I ATTOTIOX! For the especial benefit of their whig friends, and j to meet thc wishes of their Democratic brethren, we are authorized to say that Messrs. Webber and WilÄ v HI "hold forth" on WEDNESDAY NEXT, June 25tb, at precisely 10 o'clock, A. M.t at the Court House in Indianapolis, when nnd where they will present their views for the consideration of all disposed to hear them. There may be other candidates present, who will, if time allows, address their fellow citizens. We have a word to say ; Our candidates' are punctual men. ThcfefCre," all who desire to hear all that may be said,' wiH d well to tta on the spot precisely at the hour. The whig candidates are also invited to be present, and to address the meeting. (gj-Let none forget such, a treat. ITXadisoii and Indianapolis Kailrond.' The President of the Rail Road has furnished the Madison Banner with the following abstract of business done on the Road during the months of March, Anril and Mav last. It should be mentioned that these months are the busiest with farmers, and when perhaps less than the average amount of business is dne. Notwithstanding this, the road is increasing eveij day in its business, and in popular favor. Passengers on tbe route inward Through 799, Way 1041. Receipts from .inward passenpern, $1U7C 96. Inward Frei lit 321 hhda Dacon, 23,377 Iba Bacon in bulk, oil bbljVork and Lard, 340 kegs of I.ard, 4522 bbU Flour, 4fiS8 buaheli of Wheat, 71)49 or Corn, 513 Fruit, 150 Flaxseed, 29,007 lbs Furniture, Ac., 22,407 Iba Tobacco, 52,163 lbs Hemp 4235 lbs feather, 13,550 lbs If ides and Leather, 100,922 lbs' unspecified freight, 30d,820 ft sawn Timber, 73 tons of Hay, about ten tna of other articles, and 140 cord of Wood for which ths tolls charged amounted to $3542 25. The Through passengers outward during the same period, numbered 156; but the full number of Way passengers outward, as well as that of the way freight, esn only be ascertained from tho books at Columbu. The out ward freight started from Madison however, consisting of Dry Goods, Groceries, Iron, and varinu articles, during the month of iwarrh, nmounted to 231 tons . 130ß lbs in April, 332 tons 200 lbt--in May, 3Sl tons 900 lbs' besides 200 tuns Railroad Iron, and more than .that amount of timber for the reoair or construction of tho Road. Tbe actuul receipts from tolls amount to $11 400' or $3u00 mora than was received last year in the same months. The average freight for customs has been 30 tons, passengers 50, and receipts $146 per day. The amount of Bacon, Pork, &c. is less than half that of last year; but most other articles have largely increased. The increased distance ia2J miles. The passen jar car has fgr cboüi a week gone 5 miles north of CoIambus, and before the end of tho month, the train will run to Edinburgh, on 11 miles of new roaJ, making the whole distance 56 miles from Madinoh, , The grading and bringing of the thirty miles from Edinburgh to Indianapolis, have been put under contract on favorable terms, and there can be scarcely a doubt but E-ftfbts two years' the road will' be completed the whole distance. t. - r M. A letter from Philadelphia gives us the information that the R. R. Company have positively obtained S35.0CO from New York capitalists, and $15,0C0 from Philadelphia making the round sum of 50,000 in cash. The company, we understand have also obtained $20,000 in cash and 30,000 in land, from other sources. So that it now seems ' certain that the grading and bridging of the whole road will be completed; in'. about one year. t This is good news for Central Indiana. Hail Road Directors. ,. There will be a meeting of tbe Stockholders of the Madl son and Indianapolis Railroad, at the office of Setoff W. Noaau, Alabama street, oa Saturday, Jane 21, for the purpost of cominaticg eacdidates for D'uectors of the Rail Roa Comp nr. to be chosen on the 2öth inst. at Columbus. A full attendance is requested. fcJ-At 10 o'clock, A M. The Eastern Mails. Why is it, that we get news from New York, through tha Tri-weekly pipers of Columbus, Ohio generally about a wetk later thaa we get the same news direct from the daily papers of New York 1 There U something very mysterious in4 this, and wc can account for it in no other way than by supposing that the mail bags are suffered to remain in the Columbus, Ohio, post office, until it is convenient to as.sort and send them on. We have suffered the inflic Uon of this evil until we have become impatient.' It ought to be remedied. The Journal of Commerce And N. Y. Morning News still continue to arrive about one week after they are due. It would be for their owu interest to attend to the matter. CCrTl.e sLip'OIuskingüij;" built at Marietta, on the Ohle?, nd which floated down that river some wp"' 1 since, has safely arrived at Liverpool, Eng la-?. Her arrival was regarded with much interest tbere.

The Difference. "We ire willing to accord to ths Whigs of Indiana strict justice on the Native American question. While in the East, at Boston, Philadelphia. New York and New Orleans, to say nothing of smaller eitle and town, that party in their desperation united with the miserable faction for the sole purpose of getting into office and power, tho whigs of Indiana invariably denied the "soft impeachment," and ''repudiated" the doctrine as a party. Yet as a component part of that party, they rejoiced over the victories of the illegitimates with "exceeding great joy," claiming them as their own as a "tcnitls defeat anl prostration" of the Democratic party. They were

willing to "ride the fence, keenly anxious td ascer? ... tain whether to continue, Gilpin like, as did a few of. the neck-or-nothing underling, or to wait the result, when Indiana, with her hardy and industrious naturalized population would be unable to turn the scale. Their hopes and their fears arc alike blasted. Hence we cannot give them credit for honesty, either then or now. The sensible people of the country have frovn.1 A,. I. ;inraM- ftlnn. ThP whirr, of the West then, as now, were acting the demagogue to our naturalized citizens. JlaJ the Native American party J in the east been ruccf.,ful, western wings would have ; followed their eastern brethren, and thrown themselves ! into that foul embrace. In the cast, they arc scat- j tered to the four Winda of heaven. In thc west, a ' different coarse must be pursued. iNW, they pretend j to be, par excellence, tfie exclusive friends of the foreigncr. So much so, indeed, that they flatter themselves to be able to elect a candidate of that stripe in at least one district,, by a barefaced attempt to imnncs nnnn th h nn fit nrtti!rilj7iil rltirpn. n reyrrrnALet the voters of the Second District; eroeciallv na-

turalized Irishmen, read the following from one of pirtnff confidence to our bondholders than any other the Native American Organs, and if they don't give I individual in the State; as worthy of the most sincere Rngtr Martin leave to go "back to his hole," then . consideration. He then defended the Senate of Indiwe much mistake their godd sense. ah.a for Pöting off the Senatorial election showed "Back to your holes, ye slimy, stinking reptiles ! ; hoW e State had been gerrymandered by the Whigs,

We verily begin to think from the myriads of vermin, that are infesting our larid, that St. Tatrick has been committing another miracle in the swate land' of bothering blunderers driving out the vermin" A Murder Trial: Circuit Court on the charge of mürdering Mcrriit Sco-jrin. The evidence, which was altogether cirl ' wn-7wsa ii i uvvuiii iiitu HI J v vv"i win i cumstantial, bore strongly against the accused j but the Jury, nevertheless, returned a verdict of not guilty. This result appears to be very unsatisfactory, if we can judge by the tore of the papers in the vicinity. The Lawrenceburgh Register, for instance, says We feel free to say that we subscribe to the general opinion that Jackson did commit that most foul and atrocious murder, and we mourn over the , u.nc.o.y u.ruugu a at.-grace.ui urmuny : nn tho nrt nt Ihn lnrtr n Tiithln van so in ia ncrnin let h ünon iiefct. emholdened irl villain V bvhis I successful evasion of the stroke of the law in this mstrthce: .We uridersUnd from a reliable source, tliatJude I Cushing was well satisfied of the defendant's guilt and hisalmost certain conviction, and was astounded, as was every body else, at the ren2ition of the verdict.' For our part, we can see no reason for such harsh" imputations against the Jury. They merely acted in accordance with the maxim, that the accused shall have the benefit of every doubt; and such is the great and increasing antipathy against the punishment of death, that we do riot wonder that juries are predisposed to regard the slightest discrepancies as doubts in the meaning of the law.' Let us make the law what it ought tö be let US impose penalties such as can be j sanctioned by the enlightened, philanthropic, und ! humane, and we shall no longer have reason to fmcf fault with juried because they cannot conscientiously inflict the punishment. Ohio Statrfmaii; We cannot do justice to our own feelings, and pass over a compliment like the following, even though it may subject us to the charge,' perhaps, o egotism and a love of flattery." Rut the high character of the Ohio Statesmax, the long-continued ana encrgrtic labors of its talented editor, his firmness and unsuspected honesty in the .same cause to which our humble efforts have been devoted in a less exterided sphere, render it of high value. Next to a largo lit of advertlsors and paying subscribers, nothing cheers on and more encourages an editor than a knowledge that his labors, however humble, have been appreciated. Our friend of the Statesman, we trust,' will not be disappcinte 3 in" his expectation of a loud" erjw in Aü gust next.'.. It shall not .be oifr fault; if he is, at all events. The signs7 are favorable in all quarters. We shall have to buy out next new suit. INDIANA STATE SENTINEL. Chapman the .real crowing Chapman from the Hoosfef Stato now publishes the Indiana State Sentinel twice a week. While published but once in seven days, the Sentinel was an excellent paper of course, as a semi-weekly, it i tu-ice as good now. By the bye, Mr. Sentinel; we expect to hear one of your loudest crows ovcr yoor August electiorTs ; and the way the Statesman vilf return if, over regenerated Ohio, will be death to coonery. Once ITIorc' We would request the County Clerks tö send" ciirrent money with cstray notices ; otherwise we mäst retörn it at their expense. Subject to pay double post age, then 50 per .cent, discount on a one dollar bill, is cutting a little too close. We hope attention to thia matter will be paid by those in red dog sections. . More Troufcfe. Dr. A. C. Slcvensoft, Ex-Speaker of the last Legis lature, refuses' to accept the nomination of the Put nam County whigs, or rather a portion of them, who desired to kill Lira off and elect McGaughey to Con gress by "getting hiiu to run for the Legislature. Couldn't they get Doctor Earns to run ! It might benefit us, should he be elected ! OThere is a great deal of billing and cooing between the whig candidates for Congress iii the 9th and 10th districts,' and the abolitionists. The abolitionists 6ec"nT rather shy ; but" the whig canBidates peresvere in' their bTandlshnYents, aJ they know the necessity ther is of their getting abolition votes to secure their election. ft-The U. S. Journal says that there, are more than twenty printers who are performing the duties öf clerks in the Departments at Washington',' and that they are equal, if not superior, to others who had the advantages of a collegiate education. We have, no doubt abort it. Half the college fledglings den't know a comma from the fluke of an anchor. OrThe' Democratic Review for June is richly laden, as usual, with excellent articles. We would call attention to one on the subject of Oregon ; which Wc commence republishing this wceit. The Review will be farther noticed hereafter. It 'is stated" that the defalcation of McNulry has been covered by a draft presented to Mr. Woodward, of ML Vernon. Ohio! and accepted" byjL4-Otvern mcnt. A nnUe will be entered, ft is said, upori the cnminal prosecution. Elliott, the British Anti-Texas Emissary, Was robbed on his journey to the city of Mexico. 'All his papers' ; his money and clothes were taken, and he Was left with nothing but his shirt.' It is supposed that the government of Mexico is in league with thcäc robbers.

Meeting of the Whig' nud Democratic

C?miiitlnte4 for Ileprc.veiiiallvcs lor ITIarion County, nt llic ltronl nipple, in Washington TowiMilp the Whig Champion, Doctor JCvnu, hacked out ou the Oregon Clticstloii, &c. Ac Erod Rims, June 10, 19-IÖ. Last Saturday was a great day for this village. Messrs. Webber and "Wilson, the Democratic candidates for Representatives, who had been canvassing this township, where Doctor Evans, one of the Whig candidates, resides, during the part week, had an appointnicut to add res i the people on that day, to which the Whig candidates were particularly invited to at tend. Acccrdirclv. at the appoiuted hour, a lame 1 nnmrjpr i vvnirr sinn iirmAiMTfi n cenm .. , . .. - - r itri - . bled in the i lU, ;T77 TUiCiU; . . ,7. 7

Tlie Whig candidates for Representatives wel-e on the' clse- But was not summonses issued iramcdi- , , ., . I 4 . t , lately, when It was well known that the witnesses ground, and every thing betukfned a regular acMo or ' . ,

measurement .of intellectual strength. Mr. Webber opened the discussion, ahd, in a masterly manner, spoke for a considerable length of time, in relation lo JWU CI ölal8 P011' ,n w,aca Be '"W a. v m a ! orougu nwifuKe ui uie Vwuk anu vuuUiwv,u of State the efforts of the Democratic party and Pss to arrest the ruinous effects of carry ingoo all our improvements at once, by a timely Classification ; thc fiilure of their efibrt3 nd ü,e I "ment f Without the completion of any of.?ur Poblic works- IIe Pke cf efforts no;V miLlüZ i0 arCti?n ?f Ü1 tW0 uticai pames, to reeiore me puonc creriii ana promised his hearty co-operation in any plan that might produce so desirable a result, let it proceed from a Whig or Democrat. He spoke of a suggestion of Ir- 0w' who h" . Recently done more towards in at tne memoraDie session 01 la-it'-i, to meet xne eicc tion of two" United States Senators ; gave a number i - . c '. . . ., . ot v nig precedents in other biates to Enow mat it Was not a novel proceeding, and then proceeded to the important questions now before the nation, which are directly involved in the election of a Senator J showed, that in relation to Oregon ahd Teias a direct isstle was fnade in Indiana and throughout the Union by the Democratic party, previous to the election ot ' President Polk, as to the annexation of the one and our right to the other; showed from the Journals of Congress that when a proposition was made to give England a year's notice, according to treaty stipulation, as to our rights, that every Whig voted against us in the Senate of the United States thereby äe feating the measure and suffering England to eo on unopposed until now ghe ukej the broa(j ground lhat ' G the whoIc of S00 is he'8 a"d by tl.e grace of God she intends to maintain it ; also, that when the proposition was before the last Congress, which had passr(j tilP Domncratir IW: rS'f Rphrrwpnffltivpf: tn rt.' I. , , i A - .i .-l:-' e ! lf nd ur over that territory for the protection of ine mousanoa ot Americans that are aircacy mere and the six thousand others, men women nnd childreri; that are now climbing the Rocky mountains, ori their journey to that desired country, every Whig in the benate again voted against the measure ; and, in conclusion, said, that a crisis had now arrived, when we must either basely desert our Democratic Prcsidentj who has taken the ground that our right to thc country is clear and indisputable, or we must stand by him at every hazard. To exhibit the feTin'rs of the Whig Senators in Congres3 he read extracts from V,cir sPceches, showing their willingness to give up the whole of the country ; urging that our limits were already too large, and we might hare difficulty with England, if we sfood up for our rights. During this portion of his speech he became much excited. Nearly all present entered into his feelings, and old grey headed men exhibited, in the kindling eye and determined countenance that the fires of the revolution had j not all gone out. He referred to ths glory of our tars upon the ocean, although Jolm Quincy Adams had once tauntingly siid, that our navy consisted of only a few frigates, with bits of striped bunting floating at their mast-heads ; of our victories on the Lakes ; of the bravery of our soldiers at the Thames, at Raisin, at Erie, and the imperishable laurels won upon the field of New Orleans, closing the second war of Independence in a blaze of glory. When Mr. Webber had concluded, Doctor Evans w-&s caHed on for a speech, who declined ; stating that he was not then prepared to refute the arguments advanced by Mr. Webber. Mr. Wilson then addressed the people in a speech of considerable length, confining himself, principally, to q'neslions of State policy. The crowd were then about to disperse when Mr. Bolton was requested by some gentlemen who had attended a meeting in Indianapolis, in relation' to the death of Gen. Jackson, to invite" the co-operation of the citizens of Washington township in paying appropriate honors to the memory of the hero, patriot, statesman, anil Christian of tho Hermitage ; which he complied1 witn fn a short and appropriate speech.' The meeting now began to disperse ; when Doctor Evans, summoning the whole resolution' of which he was capable, informed the people, that another period during the canvass he Would answer Mr. Webber's arguments on the Oregon question. He said the Democratic policy contended for by Mr. Webber, would involve this country in a war with England. A negotiation ought to be had between the two countries, to arrest the evils that might ensue. He was sorry that National questions had been brought into the canvass," although Mr. Webber had brought forward the Indiana Journal to show that the questions of National interest he had discussed had been forced upon fiini by the Whig party, and quoted that print, which is considered the Whig organ of Indiana, fo show, that its editor in effect was williug to give up our claims to Oregon altogether. Doctor Evans is said to be of Quäler descent arid there ate some hundred and fifty Quakers in Marien county; some of whom are about to fly off from the Whigs and support the Abolition candidates; and, in order to save these Quaker Abolitionists, Dr. Evans, in answer to Mr. Webber, is to hold up the evil of war in all its horrors, and the danger of coming in conflict with all-powerful England; he is to be considered by the Quakers as- th peace candidate, although there is the least danger imaginable of England going to Waf with America. President Polk has never opposed an amicable arrangement with England. Rut he has had the nerve plainly to tell John Bull that Oregon is ours, and, until the latter proves to the Contrary, he is bound to maintain our right; and the rüestion is, shall we, as American! citizens, stand by our President 1 Doctor Evans, on this subject, is nönkoTÜrrijttal. Oregon may or may not be ours. He wants to arbitrate the question,- and some twenty years hence,' When' England has completely fortified herself on the Tacific.'aad monopolized every tiling, the question may be decided that, in the lan guage of Whig Senators in' Congress, the country of Oregon is not worth troubling ourselves about. When Dr. Evans had finished his rerriarks,- Mr. Webber proposed for himself and Mr. Wilson' tlfat the Democratic and Whig candidates should . canvass the county together, under regulations equally fair to both parties allowing an equal length of time for the candidates on each side to address the people. This arrangement Doctor Evans declined, until he ehoülj consult Mr. Harris, who, he said would take part in tie canvass, and who was not in the room at

the time ; having, at an early period left the build

ing, being occasionally in the distance discernible, looking very high, aa if watching for & deer in the ! adjacent woods. So the matter rests, both sides or-" rating on their own hook, for the present. Stabbing- -Funny Proceedings. On Sunday last, a man, whose name we have not learned, was arrested by Marshal Norwood, on complaint for drunkenness and beating and stabbing his wife with a fork. The Marshal took him before Mr. Levt, President of the Common Council, Mayor, and Justice of the Peace, who discharged him ! J ' understood, oecause no complaint was lodged in writin writin3- l "fmi to us a 6trange proceeding, to say the ( least. The man deserved arrest for bis drunkenness 'and Tile language before hi, honor, if fjr nothiHg j were at nana, 10 compel uieir auunuaute i xucsu matters. must be examined into at once; for this Is not the first instance where, as . we understand, cul prits have been discharged. Of what use is it for the Marshal to arrest violators of the laws and disturbers of the peace, if no form exists whereby they may be convicted t We have not the least ill feeling toward ' the worthy ntagistrate ; and we have said this much that he may see that some mod e may be adopted to bring scoundrels to justice. It is demanded by the public. A Gootl Ideal We have noticed a subscription paper of a company of Young Men, who are soliciting some assistance from our citizens, for the purpose of forming a Thespian Society. Considering how limited are the opportunities for the young men, apprentices,' &.c. of our town to combine amusement aiid instruction, we are highly pleased with this move ; and we do hope the liberality of our citizens will not be appealed to in va'n on the occasion. How much better is such a place, than strolling about the streets with a huge cigar stuck it, the ehesk ! Or lotterirg about Groceries, till, if not induced to drink, becoming next to besotted with the fumes of rum and tobacco ! Or worse etill; led by yon'thful curiosity, hanging about the Steam Mill Guard, watching with intense anxiety the interesting game of Old Sledge !" their ears, at first shocked, becoming by degrees familiarized with obscene and blasphemous language ! till the greasy deck next appears spread before themselves ! ! We say, encourage their proposed enterprise. They are then under otlr eyes ; and by due encouragement, a spirit of emulation will arise which, we doubt not, will prove beneficial to community at large. Awnings. We are glad to see so many new awnings put up. They should be more general, and ought to cover the wnoie sme waiic. we aavise tne iaaies to give Ujose stores the preference, which have awnings, for several reasons which w!ll siigjest themselves. The Fire in Quebec. The loss of property by this terrible conflagration is estimated at two to three millions of dollars ; but this" is far from indicating the amount of human suffering caused by it. The papers say that no less than 1200 people are left houseless, and that as many as one hundred lives were lost. The buildings were mostly of wood and the district compactly built. The fire spread with such rapidity and fury, that the sick and helpless could not be saved. It is supposed that not Ie"3s than one hundred perished. This is a terrible calamity. Mormon Trials. The trials at Carthage, III.', of the persons charged with the murder of Jo. Smith, havo resulted in their acquit 1. It ia ettxl th&t tho perjüry of three of the Mormon witnesses was palpable, so much so that the prosecuting attorney, in bis opening speech, asked the jury to pay no attention whatever to their testimony that it was rank perju ry from beginning to end as such, he wanted it thrown out of the case entirely, and the witnesses handed over to perdition. He also expressed a willingness to stop all further proceedings against two of the defendants Captains Davis and G rover who j were most implicated in the transaction by these per ' jured witnesses there being nothing proved against them by the credible portion of the witnesses ; they however declined the proffer, preferring to await the decision, of the jury. The accused were bound over for trial on another indictment for the alleged murder of Ilirura Smith. 0It is stated that the Supreme Court of New York, at its last term, decided that the General Bank' ing Law, so far as it authorizes associations for carrylng on the. business of banking, is unconstitutional and void ! The Albany Atlas thinks (hat this deci sicn comes rather late in the day,' after the law has been in force seven years; and just as the present con stitution of the State is tö be superceded by a new one. i ne question, we suppose, wui De carrieu to the Court of Errors for decision. New Improvement. Mr. Coleman of New York has invented a locomotive engine which ascends in clined planes with facility. The newspapers speak of it in terms of approbation. It consists of a 6c'rew uudcr the engine, operating on a set of cogs, which form a third rail placed midway between the other two. It is both simple and ingenious. The attach ment is elevated above the level of the driving wheels, and does not interfere with the running of the engine on the level portion of the road. It is, anjibiüiccd in the Alton Telegraph,- by one just returned Irora Lexington, riy., that the domestic atlccttons of the distinguished statesman Henry Clay, have, lately been greatly acdd.to, by his youngest son's becoming deranged. This is the second son that is now an inmate of the Lunatic Asylum ; and we deeply. sympathize with rlr. Clay and his wile in this the hour of their distress. We are ako informed from the same source, that Mr. Clay has become a communicant in the Episcopal Church in Lexington. In the consolation of the religion he has embraced, may he find the means of reconciliation to those domestic afflictions which are beyond his control. A Phenomenon-. The. New Orleans Republican says : "The only place, in the world whefe there" ire contracts made and .broken, 'and regular courts, and judges and litigants, but no lawyers, is at the Balize in the JJriUsh settlement of Honduras so says Ste. yens in bis Central America. A jury is empanelled ; the parties stato the case, and if not satisfied with the verdict an appeal lies to the Crown, in council ; but Mr". Stevens was assured that only one case had been carrica up in iwemy-iwo years. . The Frederick, Md., Examiner says : ' thc rain of last week has given an additional tinge to the deep verdure of our fertilo farms. The prospect of a Wheat crop has never been more flattering, but we understand that the Rye is geuerally thin and com paratively unpromising." The Richmond Enquirer " states, that the harvest of the early wheat has commenced in Virginia with better prospects of a crop than were sometime since anticipated. The Providence Journal says tliat orders have been received at Newport to mount the guns at Fort Adams. If any young man would win to himself the hearts of the wise ar.d'brave, and ia" ambitious of being the cuide and leader of .them, let hira be assured that his virtue will give him power and power will consoli date tied maintain his virtue.

from f Jb Democratic Review for June, j The Oregon Question. The Orcjron is a tract of country on the WCStcm

de of the new wcrldi principally watered by the riVTT VlL'gUH, Ur 1UlUIl.lUa, Uli w uiuuuiks. n tends from 42 degrees of north latitude, to 54 degrees and 40 minutes, and from the Pacific eastward, five or six hundred miles, to the ridges of the Rocky or Oregon mountains. The name is taken from the river which, long before its actual discovery ,had been supposed to cist beyond the mountains, and which was tirst called the Oregon, by Jonathan Carver, bf Con necticut, who travelled in the interior of the continent . i. iu n,mn nr UtK h ; 1. u to determine. Tho stream was not actually seen till to determine. Tho stream was not actually 1792, many persons until then believing it to be fabu lous. The name, however, remained, and is now not onl PPld to the country from which iu Waters are gathered, but, as the name, of the river itself, is "Married to immortal verse," in MThe continuous woods Where rolls the Oregon, and Lean no SOunll, Save bis own dashing.' . This country is traversed by ridges tf lofty mountains. The shores are bold and high in many parts mountains rising immediately from the sea. Up to the 43th parallel there are few inlets, or islands, but further north there are thousands ot islands, and a net work of bays and peninsulas. The vallevs of the interior are generally narrow. The climate is milder and drier by many degrees than on the Atlantic side in the same latitudes. Of the soil, different accounts have been given, 6ome representing it as fertile, and others of as little value. . The most valuable portion of it undoubtedly lies south bf the river, though by far thc best part of the territory, for its harbors and maritime advantages lies around the strait of Fuca. To us, as a trading power on the Pacific, these are invaluable. , ' ' Until within a few years; there have been but scanty settlements a few trading posts and missionary stations. But the tide of American emigration has lately set in that direction, and nothing but some fa tal misstep, on our part, can prevent its habitable portions being occupied in a few years by our. countrymen, and a vast trade thence carried on over all the Tacific. - This country is claimed by America aft belonging exclusively to her while England claims', hot an exclusive right in any part of it, but a right to occupy and settle it, in common with America and other na tions. . . The discussion between the two governments has grown into an angry one ; and if we were to judge by the late declarations of the English ministry, there remains no arbitrament but the sword. It is difficult however, to believe that the irovernment of Great Britain can seriously think of pushing their preten sions to the extent of a war, while we are confident that our government, in maintaining the rights of orir government, in maintaining uie ngnis oi. America, will e3 the propriety of discussing them with.moder ation as well as firmness, doinff no act to provoke, ahd sedulously abstaining from even the appearance of disrejrardirff the obligation cf treaties. .But while it does this, it has also a duty to perform to Amencans. It is time mat tne insolence oi ii)ruei.men, now become almost habitual, were rebuked. Let us indeed be just; let us appear just; and let England and consequences take care of themselves. lhat -we may present a concise as wen as a iuri view of the real merits of this question of the Oregon, we shall endeavor to condense into as small a space as possible the grounds, both of fact, and of public law, on which our rights are founded. In doing tins,we shall strive to omit nothing material to the inqui ry. . :. What are the rules ot public law, by which the question of right, in this case, is to be judged ! They are these: 1. That in respect to newly discovered countries the first discoverer, has the prior right to, occupy, provided he does so within a. reasonable time. What is a reasonable time depends upon the nature of the cpuntry, the uses .to which it may be applied, and the wants of mankind in respect to it; If, for example, it were a rich west India Island, the first discoverer could not rightfully prevent other nations. from occupying and cultivating it if he did not see fit soon to do eo himself. If, n the other hand, it were a re mote barren island, there would be ho necessity of immediate occupation. 2.' That if the first discoverer does not occupy within this reasonable time, he is deemed to have aban doned his right, and the next discoverer stands as if lie had been the first, and so on through any number of discoverers. . . , . 3. Thit the disecverr of a river is deemed the discovcry of its course and branches, and of the country drained by it. 4. lhat all treaties and engagements between gov ernments, of an executory nature, are annulled by a subsequent war. With-th'ese rufes before us, let us examine the questions of fact." The first settlements in the New IK 11 -11 ! ' 1 " . i ' mi t oriu were an maue on us easiern snores, ine racific ocean was discovered by Balboa at Panama, in lold. No person, however, ventured to the north west coast as far as Oregon till 15-13, when Ferrelo, a pilot in the service of Spain, "penetrated to the lati tude of 4d. r 1 birty-six years afterwards, Drake made his famous voyage round the world, and it is maintained by the English government that he sailed as high on this coast as 43 ; but while one account of his voyage has it 4 J, the other has it 43 ; and there is good reason to think that this latter account is the tf ue One. The discrepancy in the two accounts de stioys their value as evidence, and no reasonable person would think of resting any title upon them. Dralce did not land on any part of this coast, and from that period for about two hundred years no Englishman visited iL The Spaniards, however, visited it several tunes, once more at least during the sixteenth century, twice in the seventeenth, and three times in the eighteenth, before the time of Cook's voyage. In 17 i3, mat great navigator sailed along the coast, particularjy examining the upper parts of the 47th and 43th parallels, and stopping at Nootka Sound. After wards the coast was frequently visited by the vessels of the different maritime nations. The river remain ed undiscovered. Vancouver passed along the shore in 1792, examined it, and concluded that there was no river. Captain Gray, an American, m the American ship Columbia, howeverdiscovered it on the 11th of May, 17Ü, and sailed into it a considerable distance. Its existence had been previously suspected, as we have already mentioned, and Heceta, a Spanish navigator,- had, in 1775, run along thf -shore, and on the 15th of Antust, at six in the everting, arrived opposite a bay in the latitude of 40 deg. 17 min.,' "where the currents and eddies were so strong that, notwithstanding a.press of sail, it was difficult to get cjear out of the.porthern cape, towards which the currant ran, through its direction was eastward in consequence of the tide being at flood. These eddies and currents caused him "to believe that the place is in the mouth of some great river or of some passage to another sea." "Notwithstanding the great difference between the position of this bay and that mentioned by De Fuca," he "had little difficulty in concluding they might be the Bame." He found it difficult on the following morning to enter, and continued his voyage .toward the Souths This idea does not appear to us to be a discovery of ths river,' or what was equivalent to it.' The other remarkable pfaces on; the coast are the ! Strait of Fuca, and Nootka Sound. The former was j discovered by De Fuca, a Greek pilot, in the service of Spain, in 1592 ; the latter by Ferez, also in tie Spanish service, in 1774. The first visits to this country, overland, Were made, one by McKenzie, in the English service, from Canada, cross?ng the Rocky mountains to the north of the head waters of the Columbia, in 1793, and passing to the sea in the parallel of 52 i , the other by Lewis and Clark, in the American service,- who traversed the greater part of the Oregon in 1805, and explored the river from its source to its mouth. So far, then, as the rteht of discovery is conccYned, it should seem very clear that the Spanish government had the title to the coasts and the country about Fuca's straits,' and that theAmerican government had the same title to the interior washed by the river Oregon and its tribabries. . As to occupancy : After the . American war a considerable trade in fur sprung- up on the northwest coast vessels going there to take in cargoes for the China market. This trade provoked the jealousy of ine öpanisn govornmeni, wnicn an me wmie claimed the dominion ot the coast, so that, in 177Ö, the viceroy of Mexico sent two vessels the Princesa and the San Carlos to inquire particularly respecting the Russian establishment at Prince William's sound, and

thn to explore the coasts southward to California,

looking for places convenient for the reception of Spanish colonies. ,- The commanders, on their return, reported that the Russians had eight settlement 0a the coast, containing altogether 202 Russian subjects, all w est of Frince William's Sound, and that they were informed that two vessels had been sent that summer from . Kodiak to form an establishment at Nootka Sound. The viceroy thereupon despatched vessel early in ITsO, with orders, in case any Russian or BritiüH. vessel should appear at Nootka, to receive her civilly but to declare the paramount rightof the cro n of Spain.. Up to this period, May, 1769, . no settlement or establishment whatever had been atno settlemen for ttcalkgcJ lerne of k must tended as a mere pretence, and pO C1T ilized nation had exercised any jurisdiction in any part of the west coasts of the New World between San Francisco and Trince William's Sound. Arriving at Nootka, thc Spanish commanders land ed materials and built a fort ; and afterwards seized two British vessels, w hich were engaged in the trade of the coasts. For this proceeding tie British government demanded reparation ; a warm dispute arose between tbe two governments, that hod well nigh ended in war; but finally, under the mediation of France, it was brought to a close by a convention, commonly called the Noctka treaty, or the convention of the Esc u rial ; w hich, as it is importsnt in this con troversy, we shall give entire in the course of this article. The Spaniard also forced another settlement on the south side of the Strait of Fuca ; and, they oh tinued at Nootka, with some lntertnissions, until about 1795, when they left it, for no other reason, so far as it is kriown, thaa: that it was useless and ex-' pensive. Since then they have had no settlements: north of San Francisco. The first settlement of any kind made by British subjects west of the Rocky mountains was in 1S0Ö, by Simon Frasor, who formed a trading establishment ai a Mu an iaae, iu uie wu jra.ro.iici i-i lauijuc. cv ther lie nor any other British subject saw any of th$ waters ot the Uregon until hve years afterwards, and after Astoria had been founded in the Oregon Cöirttry. itself by American citirens. before lSU', Mr. Hen ry, an agent of thc Missouri Fur company, had established a trading post on a branch ot the .LewU river, one of the tributaries of the Oregon, : The hosj tility of the Indian?, and the want of provisional lea , to i? abandonment, however, in that year. In the. 6ame year, Captain Smith, of the ship Albatross, of; Boston, attempted a settlement on the Oregon, about forty miles from its mouth. He built a bouse an& planted a garden ; but the site not being good, he left it before the close of the; year. Meantime Mr. Astor's expedition had been fitted out, and in . Marek j 1S11, Astoria was founded at the mouth of the Oregon. During the war it was captured by the British," but was restored in October, 1518, in pursuance of the stipulations of the treaty of peace. From that time to the present, the two governments, with few intermissions, beve been engaged in ncgoli atiohs about the. title to the country.1 And it was agreed between them, first in 1818, and afterwards.in 1827, it might be temporarily occupied by the people of both nations, without, however, impairing in any way the title of either. So that none of tbe discov-' eries or settlements,, of either America or England, since that time, can, in any manner, affect the title. So far, then, as occupancy is concerned, it appears scarcely disputable that thefirst settlements were by Spain, the second by America, and the last by Ena-' land ; and that the rights derived from occupancy are held in the same order. The rights we have been hitherto considering, are those which are derived from discoveries and settle ments, on the Pacific coasts or overland, from the eastern side of the mountains. But there are certain other rights which must not be overlooked ; the rights derived from discoveries and settlements on the Atlantic coasts. . On the first colonization of the New World, the discovery and settlement of the Atlantic border were claimed to give a title across the continent. The enlarged charter to the first colony of Virginia, for example, granted the country extending .along the sea coast four hundred miles, and into thc land throughout from sea to sea. De Soto, a Spaniard, was the discoverer of the Mississippi ; but the French from Canada first explored its northern branches, established posts and colonies rn tVirtir Knnt-ä und lrnMnT Ina-n tho r'war finallir got possession of the whole valley. Up to the peace of 1763, France claimed and possessed the countries watered by the St. Lawrence and the Mistissippi, and, their dependencies, under the names of NewFrancci and Louisiaiia ; and by the treaty then trnade, Canaadopted as the boundary of their respective territories on the south. The contentions between ths two coütiti ie art as follows i - . Art. 3. It is agreed that any country that may be claimed by either, party on tht northwest coast of Amer- " . 4 m O . ... . ' . . .iwiij. iiiuuiiiBuis, nun, lof einer with iu harbors, bays and creeks, and tbe navigation of all rivers withiu the same, be free and open for the term of ten years from the date of the signature of the present, convention, to the vessels, citizens, and subjects f the two powers ; it being well understood that this agreement is not to be construed to tbe prejudice of any claim which either of the two hish contracting rrti ma ti tn any part of the said country ; the only object of the high contracting parties, in that reepect, being to prevent disputes and differences among themselves. Art. I. All tbe provisions of the thjrd article of. the. convention .concluded between the United States of America and his Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, on the 20th of October, 1818, shall be, ard they are hereby, further indefinitely extended and continued in force, in the same man ner as if all the provisions of the said article were hereinf :c ii : t j i , j . . , j Art, 2 It, shall be, competent, however, to either of the contracting parties, in case .either .should think fit, at any time after the 20th of October, 1823, on giving due notice of twelve months to tbe other contracting party, to annul and abrogate this convention ; and it shall, in such, case, be accordingly entirely annulled and abrogated, after the expiration of the said term of notice. - Art. 3. Nothing contained in this convention, or in the third article of the convention of the 20th October, IS 18, hereby continued in force, shall be construed to impair, or in any manner affect, tbe claims which either of the contracting parties may Lave to any part of the cojatry westward of the Stony or Rocky .nrounUMDi. TO BE COlfTlltciD. Small Vox. The Small Pox is said to prevail to a limited extent in Tippecanoe, Jennings and Jefferson counties, in this State. We hear of it, also, in several of the Eaterri .Cities. It is generally reported of a mild type. A late number of the London Lancet has' th following, on the subject Of vaccination : . . . ' The general conclusions drawn by Dr. Ritzins, of Stockholm, from his observations in Sweden are these: The ' protection afforded by vaccination, from the close of the second year of Lie, against the contagion of the variolous poison, usually lasts unimpaired to the end of the thirteenth year or so ; after this period it begins to lose its effect, and gradually becomes more and more uncertain to the twentieth or twenty-first year of life. For the next four or five years, the disposition to the small pox seems almost to have recovered its toriginal integrity; and thii. state of liability continues nnimnaired ud to the are of forty years or so. At about this epoch of life it begins to approach nearer and nearer to the limit cf existence which it reaches, in the majority of cases, about the fiftieth year the period when tbe general revolution of the human body commences to take place." A Hint. The Richmond Star says, " Folks who" don't like the way papers are edited, ought to ask leave to put in a specimen of the right sort. .Any, editor wiU be glad to give such -individuals a chance at any time. We would, just for the fun of seeing" them cut up and slashed by the critics afterwards.' Every wan who thinks it easy to edit a paper exactly right, and to universal acceptance, ought to try it. May be he would succeed ; and if so, would be befer entitled to a reward than the discoverer of perpctuar motion." . QrncuL D-gxity.A capital , story is told of a constable in Pennsylvania, w ho in attempting to serve a legal precept, got pretty well shaked. ..The parties meeting a few days after, the offender was profuse in his apologies. lou know, Jake," says he, "I would not have served you bo if I had beui duly sober." " As to the shaking," said Jake, I don't bear any malice; I don't vaFly it a cent on my own account, but as an officer, recollect next time, Jim, whoever shakes tnesluikcs Vie ComwnueaU !"