Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 4, Number 39, Indianapolis, Marion County, 20 March 1845 — Page 1

THE STATE SENTINEL AVeelcly Is published every Thursday OJJi:e on I'Mnois St., Secrml U'.nch Xflh of Washington.. C-Tli State Sentinel will contain a much larger amount cf reading matter, on all subjects tf general interest, than any other ncvspj?r in Indrina. TERMS. Two d dlarj a year, always in advance.

In no instance will more than one number be sent tjll ; the money is received. Sub-Bribers will receive uuc notice a few weeks before the expiration cf each year or term, and if the payment for a succeeding year or terra be not advanced," the paper will be discontinued. This rule will be strictly adhered to in all cases. - Five Dollar will be received for three years; or, thrcb copies will be rent one year for the same. One dollar will be received for six months a-ways in a-1 can re. ADVERTISEMENTS, will be inscried three times atone dollar a square, (2Ö0 cms) and be continued at the rate cf 'Si ccnti a square weekly. Quarterly advertisements inserted at s'l a squ ire of 1-3'J ems. Yearly advertiser will be accommodated on reasonable terms, which should always be made ia writing as agreed upon. .. .. All advertisements from abroad must be accompanied ly the cash ; or no attention will be paid to them. Posta gc must be paid. rT-lVtotma-sters are allowed to frank letters conaining remittances. ' . 07In franking. Postmaster must not fjrgct to vnte their names in fall under the word "free." Spain Her Power ami Decline. EV MACAII-V. Whoever wishes to be well acquainted with the morbid anatomy of governments, whoever wishes to know Low great States shall be made feeble and wretched, should stuJv the history of Spain. Tlie empire of Thilip the Second was undoubtedly one of the most powerful and splendid that ever exited in the world. In Europe he ruled Spain, Portugal, the Netherlands on both sides of tlie Rhine, .Tranche ilot, the Milanese ; and the two Sicilies, Tuscany, Parma, and the other email states of Italy, were as completely dependent on him as the Nizam rfind the Rajah of Rerar now are on the East India .Company. In Asia, the King of Spain was master -bf the Phi'lipines, end of all the rich settlements which the Portuguese had made on the coast of Jlafalter and Coroinandel, in tlie Peninsula of Malacca, and the Spice Islands of the Eastern Archipdago. In America his dominions extended on each side of tlie equator to the temperate zone. Ihere is reason to .believe that his annual revenue amounted, in the ca .sen of his greatest rower, to four million j sterling a sura eight times as large as that which England yielded to Elizabeth. He had a standing army of fifty thousand excellent troops, at a time when England had not a single battalion in constant pay. IEs ordi nary naval force consisted of a hundred and forty gal leys. lie held wnat no other prince in modern times lias held, the dominion both of land and cf tlie sea. Jtoing the greater part of his reign he was supreme on both elements. Iiis soldiers marched to the capital of France, his ships menaced the shores of England. . . . It is no exaggeration to say that, during several years, his power over Europe was even greater than that of Napoleon. The influence of the Prench conqueror never extended beyond low-water mark. The narrowest strait was to his power what it was believed that a running stream was to tlic sorceries of a witch. While his army entered every metropolis from ilo.scow to Lisbon, tlie. Englislr fleets blockaded . every port from Dantzic to Trieste. Sicily, Sardinia, Majorca, G ucrnsey, enjoyed security through tlic whole course of a war, which endangered every throne on tlie continent. Tlie victorious and imperial nation which had filled its museums with tlie sils of Antwerp, of Florence, and of Rome, was suffering painfully from the want of luxuries, which use had rendered necessaries. While pillars and arches, were rising to commemorate the French conquests, the conquerors were trying to make coffee out of ßuocory and sugar out of beet-root. The influence of Thilip. on the continent was a5 great as that of Napoleon. The emperor cf Germany was his kinsman. France, torn by religious dissensions, was never a formidable opponent, and was sometimes a dependent ally. At the same time, Spam had what Napoleon desired in vain ehips, colonics and commerce. Sho long monopolised tlie trade of America and the Indian Ocean. All the gold of the West, and all the spices of tlie East, were received and distributed by her. During many years of war, her commerce was intcrTUDted only by tlie predatory enterprises of a few rov ing privateers. Even after tlie defeat of the Armada, English statesmen continued to look with great dread on the maritime power of Philip. "The King of Spain, said the Lord Keeper to the two Houses, in I09:i, -incc he hath usurped upon the kingdom ot Portu gal, hath therefore grown mighty by gaining tlie East Indies; so as, how great socerhcwas before, he. is now thereby manifestly more great. He keepcth a navy armed to impeach all trade of merchandise from England, Ciascoignc and Guicnne, which he attempted to do last vintage ; so as he has now become as a frontier cn..my to all the West of England, as well as all the south parts, as Sussex, Hampshire, and tlie Isle of Wight. Yea, by means of his interest in St. Maines, a port full of shipping for the war, he is a dangerous neighbor to tlic Queen's Isles cf Jersey and Guernsey, ancient possessions of Ids crown, and never cmquercd in the greatest wars with France." The ascendancy which Spain then had in Europe vas in one sense well deserved. It was an ascendancy which had been gained by unquestioned superiority in all the arts of policy and war. In the sixteenth century, Italy was not more decidedly the land of fine arts, Germany was not more decidedly the land of bold theological speculation, than Spain was the land of statesmen and soldiers. The character which Virgil has ascribed to Iiis countrymen, might have been claimed by the grave and haughty chief who surrounded the throne of Ferdinand the Catholic, and of his immediate successors. .The majestic art "premere inperio populos" was not better understood by the Romans in the proudest days of their republic, than by Gonsalvo and Zimines Cortes, and Alva. The skill of tlie Spanish diplomatists was renowned throughout Europe. Ln England the name of Gondomar is still remembered. The sovereign natkn was unrivalled both in regular and irregular warfare. The impetuous chivalry of France, the serried phalanx of Switzerland, were alike found wanting when brought face to face with the Spanish infantry.. In the wars of the New World, where something different from ordinary strategy was required in the general, and something different from ordinary discipline in tlic soldier where it was every day necessary to meet by some new expedient the varying tactics of a barbarous enemy, the Spanish adventurers, sprung from the common people, displayed a fertility of resources, and a talent for negotiation and command, to which history scarcely afford i a parallel. The Castilian of tho; times was to tlie Italian, vhat the Romm in tlie days of the greatness of Rome was to the Greek. Th3 conquerors had less ingenuity, lcs3 taste, lesi delicacy of perception, than the conquered; but more pride, Grinnesj, and courage ; a more salemn domeau jr, a stronger sense of honor. The on3 had m tq subtlety ia speculation, the other more energy in action. The vices of the one were thos3 of a coward ; the vices of t!i2 other were those of a tyrant. It may be added that tho Spaniard, like the Roman, did not disdain to study the arts and language of tho"e whom hn oppressed. A revolution took place in the literature of Spain, not unlike to that revolution which, as Horace tells us, took place in the poetry of latium: 'taiw Jactum xicwrem ceil.' ihe slave tool; prisoner and enslaver. The old Castilian ballads ave place to sonnets in the style of Petrarch, and to heroic poems in the stanza of Anoito; as the nation al sor.gs cf Rome were driven out ly imitations of Theocritus and translations from Jlenandcr. In no mode rn society, not even in England during the rezgn.oi Elizabeth, has there been so great a number of nion eminent at onee in literature and in the pursuits of active Lfo, as Spain produceJ during the Sixteenth century. Almost every d stinguished writer was also Distinguished as a sjldicr and politician. Römerin bore arms with high reputation. (ar cilasso de Vega, the author of the sweetest and most graceful pastoral poem3 of modern times, af.cr a ßhort but splendrd military career, fell sword m hand at the head of a storming party. Alonzo do Escila bore a conspicuous- part in that war of Arauco, which he aficrwards celebrated in the best heroic poem that Spain has produced. Hurtado do Mendoza, whojc poems have been compired to those of Horace, and whovj charming little novel is evidently the model of Gil Elas, has been handed down to us by hiotory as one of the sternest of those iron proconsuls, who were

BY G. A. & J. P. CIIAMLLY. employed by the house of Austria to crush the lingering public spirit of Italy. Lope sailed in the Armada ; Cervantes was wounded at Lepanto. It is curious to consider with bow much awe our ancestors in those times regarded a Spaniard. He was, in their apprehension, a kind of demon, horribly malevolent, but withal most sagacious and powerful. "They be verye wyse and politicke," says an honest Englishman, in a urrmorial addressi-d to Mary, "and can thrutve tl.eyr wysd-me, rtformc and bridell theyr owne natvres for a tyme, and ap.plye theyr conditions to the manners of those men with whom they meddcl gladlye of friendshippe ; whose mischievous manners a man shall never knowe vntil he come vnder the svbjeetion ; bvt then shall he parfectly parceyve and tele them ; which thynge I praye God England never do ; for in dissimvlations vntil they have theyr pvrposcs, and afterwards in oppression of ty ranne, when they can obtayne them, they do exceed all otlyr nations vpon tlie carthe." This is just such language as Arminius would have used about the Romans, or as In dian statesmen, of our times, would use about the English. It is the language of a man burning with hatred, but cowed by those whom he hates ; and pain fully scns.ble of their superiority, not only in power, but in intelligence. Rut how art thou fallen from Heaven, oh Lucifer, snn of tlie morninrr ! How art thou cut d wn to the ground, that didst weaken the nations ! If we over leap a hundred years, and look at Spain towards the close of the seventeenth century, what a change do we find ! The contrast is as great as that which the Rome of Gallienus and Honorious prestnts to the Rome of Marius and Co?sar. Foreign conquest has begun to cat into every part of the gigantic monarchy on which tlie sun never set. Holland was gone, and Portugal, and Artois, and Roussillon, and Franche Comtc. In tlie East, tlie empire founded by the Dutch, far surpassed, in wealth and splendor, that which their old tyrants still retained. In the v est, Eng land had seized and still held settlements in the mid' of the Mexican sea. The mere loss of territory was however of little moment. The reluctant obedience of distant provinces generally costs more than it is worth. ; Empires that branch out widely are often more flour ishing for a little timely pruning. Adrian acted ju diciously when he abandoned the conquests of Trajan England was never so rich, so great, so formidable to foreign princes, so absolute mistress of the sea, as after the loss of her American colonies. The Spanish empire was still, in outward appearance, great and magnificent. The European dominions, subject to the last feeble Trince of the House of Austria, were far more extensive than those of Louis XIV. The American dependencies of the Castilian crown still extended to tlie north of Cancer and to the south of Capricorn. L'ut within this immense .body there was an mrurahle decar, an utter prostration of strength. An ingenious ar,! diligent population, eminently skill ed in arts and manutactures, had been driven into ex ile by stupid and remorseless bigots. Tlic glory of tlic rpanish pencil had departed with Velasquez and Murilld. The splendid age of Spanish literature had closed with SjIh and Caldcron. During the seven tccnth cenlury many States had formed great military establishments. Rut the Spanish army, so formidable under tlie command of Alva and Farnese, had dwm died away to a few thousand men, ill-paid and ill-dis ciplincd. England, Holland and France, had great navies. Rut the Spanish navy was scarcely equal to that mighty lorce which, in the time of Philip, the Second, had been tlie terror of the Atlantic and the Mediterranean. The arsenals were deserted. The magazines were unprovided. The frontier fortresses were ungarrisoned. The police was utterly insuffi cicnt for the protection of the people. Murders were committed in the day with perfect impunity. Era voes and discarded serving men with swords at their sides, swaggered every day through tlie most public streets and squares of . the capital, disturbing the peace and setting at defiance the ministers of justice. The finances were in frightful disorder. The people paid much. Hie (jroverumcnt received little. The American viceroys and the farmers of the rev enue became rich, while tlie merchants broke, while the peasantry starved, while body servants of the sovereigns remained unpaid, while the ßoldiers of the royal guard repaired daily to tlie doors of convents, and battled there with a crowd of beggars for a por ringer of broth and a morsel of Lread. Every reme dy which was tried aggravated tlic disease. Ahe cur rency was altered and this frantic measure produced its never failing enects. It destroyed all credit, and increased the misery which it was intended to relieve, The American gold, to use the words of Ortiz, was to the necessities ot the State, what a drop of water would be to tlie iip3 ot a man raging with thirst. Heaps of unopened despatches accumulated in the of fices, whilst the ministers were consulting with bed chamber women and Jesuits the means of tripping up each other. Every foreign powr could plunder and insult with impunity the heirs of Charles the Fifth Into such a state had the mighty kingdom of Spain la lien, while one 01 its smallest dependencies a coun try not üo large as tlie province of Estramadura or Andel usia, situated under an inclement sky, and preserved only by artificial means from the inroads of the ocean had become, a power of the first class, and treated on terms of equality with the courts of Lon don and Versailles. Spanish Inquisition. When Gen. Lasallc entered loledo, lie immediately visited the Palace of Inquisi tion. The great number of the instruments of torture, especially the instruments to stretch the limbs, tlie drop baths (already known) which causes a lingering death, excited horror, even in the minds of soldiers hardened in the b ittle field. Only one of these instruments, singular of its kind, for refined torture, disgraceful to religion in choice of its object, seems to dascrvc a particular description. In a subterraneous vault, adjoining the secret audience chamber stood, in a recess in the wall, a wooden statue made by the hards of the Monkä, representing who would believe it ? the Virgin Mary ! A gilded glory beamed round her head, and she held a standard in her right hand. It immediately struck the spectator, notwithstanding the silk garments which fell in ample folds from the shoulders on both sides, that she wore a breast plate. Upon a closer examination, it appeared that the whole front of the body was covered with extremely sharp nails, and the small blades of knives with tlie points projecting outwards. One cf the servants of the Inquisition was ordered to make the machino maneuvre, as he expressed himself. As the statue extended its arms and gradually folded them back, as if she would aüuctionately press somebody to her hnart, the well filled knapsack of a Polish grenadier supplied for thii time the place of lue poor victim. Ihe statue pressed it closer and closer, and when at the command of the General the director made it open its arms, and return to iti first position, the knapsack was pierced two or three inches deep, and remained, hanging on the nails and knifo blades. It is remarkable that tlie barbarians had the wickedness to call this instrument of torture, " Ma Ire Dolorosa" not the deeply affected, -pain enduring but by a play on words, the pain-giving iUotuer of tied t

Time is money. Dr. FranUn.

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INDIANAPOLIS, Song or the Editor. BT JOl! BKOWJ. Sit! Sit ! Sit f From matin hour till twilight gloom, llr'f a "fixtuiV there in his dosky worn ! Away the moments fit', And the world outsiJe, with joyou din, Murrt pail on but the woilJ within Is labor, and toil, and care ! No tum he knows in ihe weary day But the turn that shows the pivot's plir, As be turns his eay c'iair ! Think ! Think ! Think ! In the smith's blight forge the nie glows. Hut the smith himself the bellow blow - Unheaid the hammer's clink ! Not so the fire that lights the brain Of bim who wears the galley chain, Or make the rres-arj go He must fla-h with light, and gov with he it, With quill in band his brains must beat 15 ut never indulge a 6oip .' Wüte! Write! Write!-' Tho' fancy soar on a tired winp, She must stilt ber tribute celestial bring, Nor own a weaiy flight ! And llcason's powers, and Mcm'ry's store. Must prove their strength, and bring tlie lore Antique, and sage, and mystic; For thee, to the uttermost thought and particle. Mast ro in to-morrow's "leading article" Of argument wit statistic ! Lie ! Lie ! Lie ! If he happen to be a. patty hack, lie must echo the yell of the icedy pick, And shout the demon cry ! To Honor's appeal he must never bark, But aim, like death, at a Shining mark, As he speeds the poison'd dart ! And then, when the battle so fierce i o'er, And the victors apportion the captur'd stoie, Their thankt shall be his part ! Clip! Clip! Clip! ; . No "cabbaging" shears bis hand doth hold, liut those with which the current tfAA, Hy lawful light he'll clip; The "Devil" is gone, but he will not fail Of a prompt return with the "morning tnall" A basket full of "exchanges" And then the editor opens ao! skim Accidents deaths discoveries whims As over the world he ranges ! Taste ! Pate ! Paste ! With a camel's bair biusb, and a broken cup, He gathers the scattered paragraphs up, And sticks them on in haste: The "Devil" appears, with a giin and bow Tlease sir, they're waitin for'co y now," He says, in accents solemn : "The foreman thinks he'll soon impose The outide foim, with scrips of prose. And the leader may be a column !" Pay ! Pay ! Pay ! The "world" is done work on a Saturday night, And bounds with a step of gay delight To bis wife and babes away ! But round the Editor, see ! a score Of honest "jours," who tease him sore And h my sot be unheedfu! 5 - - - Tho brüht is th wit that can furnish there The means to relieve them all from ore, By shelling them out the "needful !' Iiifttiicy. If there be pcifcct joy on eaith. That seems fiom heaven to have its lirth, It 1 to see The bud that promises the rose; The cradled sweetness scft unclose, In infancy. Türe hours! when all of life is light When clothed in robes of stainless white, The cherub lies. Beloved with holy tenderness, And watch'd by orbs it seems to bless A mother's eyes. " How rither fr than summer bird, The li-pmg accents fondly heard, As days increase ; When liprr meauings light the brow, Aud kind affection chanieth low Her song of peace ! Oh ! blessed time, when every hour Flics like the odour fron the Rower, Serene and free ; When every chirm of life is new. And every scene that greets the view, Is fait to see. Sure, when these opening blossoms die, And fade in beauty to the eye, None should deplore 1 For in the clirr.e secure and bright, Sustained by .draiblets air and light, They pine no more. The Dcnth Itod. BT THOMAS HOOD. We watched her breathing thro' the night, ' Her breathing soft and low, As ia her breast the wave of life Kept heaving to and fro.So silently we seemed to speak, So slowly moved about, As we had k-nt ber half our powers To eke her being out Our very hopes belied onr fears, Our feats our hopes belied ; We thought her dying when she slept, And sleeping when she died. For when the morn came dim at d sad, And chill with early showers, Her quiet eyelids closed ; she had Another morn than ours. " Fitz-Eoodle's Hint to the Ladies. Whilst ladies persist in maintaining the strictly defensive condition, men must naturally as it were, take the opposite line, that of attack; otherwise, n both parties held aloof, there would bo no more marriages; and the two hosts would die in their respective inoction. without ever coming to a battle. Titus it is evident that as the ladies will not, tlie men must take the offensive. I, for my part, have made in the course of my life, at least a ecqre ot chivalrous attacks upon several fortified hearts. Sometimes I began my work too late in the season, and winter suddenly came and rendered further labors impossible ; sometimes-1 have attacked the breach sword in hand, and have been plunged violently from tlie scaling-ladder into' the ditch, and sometimes I have made a decent lodgment in the place, when bang ! blows tjp a mine, and am scattered to the deuce ! and sometimes when have been in the very heart of the citadel ah, that should say it ! a sudden panic has struck me, have run like the British out of Carthagenia ! and One grows tired after a while of such perpetual activity; Is it not time-that tlie ladies tliould lake an inifihjs ! Let us widowers and bachelors form an association to declare that fjr the next hundred years we will make love no longer. Let the young women make love to us; let them write us verses ; let thern ask us to dance, p-ct tu ices and cups of tea, and help us on with our e . . 1 ..! 1: '11. cloaks at the nail door ; and it tiiey are engiuie, we may perhaps be induced to say, La, Miss llopkin. really never I am so agitated ask papa ! A I'lTTPSV Mrxisa-ER. The lloston Tost savs tha one of the most devoted clergyman in that city is tlie Rev. Stbestian Ütrcclcr. As an evidence vi his sympathy with his society it is stated that for twenty-one years he has missed their stated weekly conference mcetinrr but twice. Such are the Dastors whose labors are invaluable. We never heard this truly excellent preacher berating aliens, enlisting in an abolition crusade, lecturing his people on politics, or diving intn ffvnr iW ths Anv. lint whi-nllpd tn thi ehambcrs of the sick, the dying and the dead, he is there in the spirit of his master, lie 13 a universalst.

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-m a l p i . i t MARCH 20, 1815. From the Georgia Jour nil, 2TA inst. Prices Current, "Long Time Ago. We extract the following from the Treaty of Com merce made by General Oglethorpe with the chief men of the Lower Creeks, on the 17th October lT-i'2. The document from which we extract, is not Treaty, out a cony irom trie original, taken dv ueniamin Martin, and sworn toby John Macintosh and Thomas Bojcmworth, on the 20th September, 17")1. We pre sume that the prices current set forth in the extract ar as ancient ns Georgia history can 6how. From the list of articles enumerated in the Treaty, and their value m Buck and V03 skins, we have selected on by lew. ihe document is on file in the Capitol. EXTRACT. "Lastly, We rromUc with Streicht Hearts, and Love to our Brothers the English to give no encour agement to any other White reople but themselves to settle amongst us, and that we will not have any cor respondence wit'1 the Spaniard or French.and to 6how that we both for the pood of our Wives and children do firmly Tromise to keep the Talk in our Hearts as long as the Sun shall shine or the v ateri run in tlic Rivers, we have each of us set the Marks of our Families." Two yards Strouds," Five Buckskins. One yard Tlains, one Buckskin, wt. one pound and three quarters, or Doeskins, 2 lb. One V lute Blanket, Five Buckskins or ten Doe skins. A Gun Lock, ten Buckskins, or twenty Doeskins. A Tistol, Five Buckskins, or twelve Doeskins. Two measures of Towdcr, one Buckskin or two Doe:ins. Sixty, Bullets, one Buckskin, or two Doeskins. A white Shirt, two Buckskins, or four Doeskin.1. A knife, one Doeskin. Three yards of Gartering, one Doeskin. A Falling Axe, two Euckskins, or four Doeskins. A Hat, two Buckskins, or four Doeskins. One dozen Buttons, one Doeskin. Another Learned Blacksmith. The N. Orleans Protestant cives the following interesting account of tlie successful elTjrts of a slave to educate himself. Wc now learn from another source that Ellis is now studyii.g Hebrew, and has made considerable progress. In tlie State of Alabama, (Greene county we think,) lives a colored man by the name of ElKs, who has a wife and several children.. He is a blacksmith by trade, and has worked at this business for many years in the shop of his master. He is believed to be a man of sincere piety, and is a member of tho Presbyterian Church, under the pastoral charge of the Rev. Field Bradshaw. What is particularly noticeable in his case is the state of his education ; and, for a man who ?ias been all his hfe a slave, and hard at work, and "inheriting only ignoranre, we consider it quite extraordinary, lie is well acquainted with reading, writing, arithmetic, geography, grammar, history, and some other branches embraced in a common English education ; besides which he lias made tolera ble acquaintance with Latin and Greek. He has accomplished this mostly without the aid of teachers, and lie learned his alphabet without even a book. His plan was at first, to get his young masters on their return from school at evening, to make for him the different letters of the alphabet, and tell him their names. 1 licsc lie copied upon ins euop a xr witn coai, and continued tlic process until he had well learned the first elements of reading and writing. They then brought him the spelling book, and other elementary books, by m?ans of which lie began to wend his way up the hill of science. We understand that in some of the higher branches lie has had tlie aid of others, and that now he is pursuing hi? studies unJcr a competent teacher. Ile still works at the anvil, as he has during his whole course, during the day, "and studies at night What first prompted him to make the effort to obtain an education, wc do not know. All who know him testify that he is a man of uncommon native energy of mind, as his present attainments prove. His age is about forty-fcve. About two years since, his case was represented to the synods of Alabama and 'Mississippi, and they jointly propose to purchase him ad his-family and send him to the Western coast ot Africa as a missionary. They have ascertained that his master will part with them for JsioO. This sum is equally divided between the two synods, and they are now making efforts to raise it. In tlie mean time Ellis is pursuing a course of theological study under his pastor. We understand he has read the standard theological works of Drs. Dwight, Dick, tfcc, and others pertaining to a ministerial course. - - A rsopiGT The Slave Arithmetician. A few months since we published an account of a negro of an extraordinary taculty lor numbers, belonging 10 Mr. P. McLemore, of Madison county, Ala. The editor of the Columbus (Tenn.) Observer, who has re cently had an otvertunity cf witnessing the powers of calculation 01 mis anomaiy in muiu, says . He is an idiot as to every tiling else, and for that reason, has never performed any labor, though of stoubt person, weighing nearly two hundred. To the question, "how many are 153 multiplied by ÖÖD," he answered, fifty-six thousand, four hundred fifty 6even," almost without hesitation. So also 973 by 837! answer, 810,012; 521 by 3öl ! ans. 183,871. lie also solved questions in division, with a facility that beggars all counting-room calculation ; such as how many seventeens in 570 ! how many nineteen ia G3 ! &c. To test his comprehension of numbers over a million, he was a-ked how many were 1CG2 multiplied by 1257 ? During the pause of three or four minutes, we were not able to detect any evidences of mental effort in his countenance, and doubted f whether he was thinking at all. But to the astonish ment of all, he answered seventeen liunureu and twelve thousand, thirty-four." 1 . The negra does not know a letter, or figure, -or anyolher representation of numbers, or ideas. He speaks to no one, except when spoken to. His forehead is Ion" and coverod witMn an ineh and a half above the eye-brows. But the volume, from temple to temple is deep beyond comparison. He is 19 years old, but has the appearance of thirty. He has never been taught to understand (perhaps has never heard,, as he has never before been from home, where no one could teach him) the forms of mathematical questions or problems, other than those of simple addition, multiplication and division. Superior even toSir Isaac Newton in this single faculty, he 'u destitute of every other that is necessary to render it available for any practical purpose. He is unable to communicate his process to others. The basis of his reckoning must be decimal, or some ether even number ; for questions involv ing odd num bers require a longer tune for thwr solution. When eolviuT such, he has a mysterious mnemnlechnic sign by placing his left finger in the corner of his left eye, and then drawing down across ins mouth. ChicIi is the scientific uisrircr ' from Alabama a being of - t one idea. " Diby, will you take some of this butter 'V Thank yot, mann, I belong to the Temperance Society, and can't take any thing strong ," replied Digby.

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Volume lVr.::::::Xumbcr 39. A Man wno has caused some Noise in .the Wored. The New York Sun notices the death recently of Gideon Olmstead, in Connecticut, at tlie age of ninety-six. There are some remarkable events connected vrith this man's l.fj which are interesting, and which probably will be remembered by many of our citirns. During the Revolutionary war, being a seafaring nun, he captured a vessel which was re-capturedfrora him in the Delaware, by a Pennsylvania vessel ; tlie prize was sold and tli2 proceeds placed in the Treasury of that State. G idcon Olmstead commenced a suit against the State, and after many years it was decided in his favor ; and during the various trials, the great question of State rights came up, was argued at length, and with great ability, and settled in some respects many important questions, which had hitherto been left open. Execution was ifued by the United States against the property of David Rittenhouse, the celebrated philosopher, who was Treasurer of State, and received tlie proceed s of the prize. The State of Pennsylvania, in defence cf what was considered a right of tlie State, determined to oppose the process of the United States, and .accordingly the troops of the State were called out Id defend the property of the heirs of Rittenhouse, situated c t. the corner of Seven ill and Arch streets, and which Irom that anair was known subsequently as Fort Rittenhouse. It was throughout a great question of State right, and events have proved since that tiaic, that the State of Pennsylvania was in the right. Ihe war was carried on for some time. Guards were stationed around the house, but by some compromise the Marshal effected his entrance into the mansion, and served his process This was the second time that Pennsylvania had been arrayed in arms against the Government of the United States the first was the celebrated whiskey insurrection, in which the venerable and Hon. Albert Gallatin, now of New York, was conspicuous. Tb.2 Federal Government, at that period was making strong efforts towards centralization, or rather consol idation, and tlie election of Thomas Jefferson restored or rather settled the principle of State rights ; and there is no principle so deeply interwoven with tlie permanency of the Union. As long as each State is permitted to enjoy its sovereignty and imlepcnder.ee, and the General Government is considered tlie mere arrcnt. the Union cannot be broken- Many suppose that Gideon Olmstead, who wars the cause cf that celebrated erneute in Pennsylvania, had long siuce been gathered to his fathers ; but it seems he has been permitted, like many others of the Revolutionary stocK, to become quite a patriarch in years." A Revolution art Soldier. There is now livin in Penobscot county, a man by tlie name of Abraham Kneeland, Who served in the revolutionary, war. in tlie company of CapL Hudahg, a frenchman. 'He was enlisted by the town of Amesbury, Mass. for three years. His mother was bö distresicd at ITic thought of his going into the army, that his father left home in indigent circumstances, and proceeded to Boston to try to get him back but he had -made up his mind to take up arms, and never lay them down while there was a foreign invader. His father could not persuade him to go back, but he gave mm all the bounty mon cy he got. He had the premise of rations when he got to Springfield but on his arrival there, he could get none, and bore his own expenses all the way to West Toint, and was able to procure but two meals per day while travelling there. He thinks he had been in the army over a year when peace was pro claimed. -He then felt it his duty to go home, as his father was poor, had a large family to maintain in a newly settled part of the country, and he, the only son old enough to Joe any help to him. He procured a substitute by giving up all his back wages, gun, equipments and clothing, that he had received from Government, and started for home with the same old clothes on that he kft homo with without a cent of mo icy to bear his expenses. Sometimes he got food for asking, but many times asked and was denied. At length, he reached his home after fourteen months', absence, penniless, and his constitution impaired by hardships. Owing to tlie circumstance that he could neither read nor write, lie neglected to procure a proper discharge. He merely had his own name erased, and tlrat of his substitute inserted. After he was one and twenty, he felt tlic want of knowing how to read and write, severely; he was determined -to learn, and applied himself evenings while working in the Woods lumbering, with such perseverance that he soon read well and wrote a good hand ; and actually wrote all of Watt's psalms and hymns on birch bark with ink made of the white Maple bark boiled. He has always been an industrious, hard working man, and maintained himself and wife until about his 80th year, when lie was obliged to call upon the town for help, and Is now receiving a mere fättance from the town of Lincoln to support him and his aged wife, rendered helpless by a fall some three years ago ! An -IeibEVT of the' Waters. While the passengers crowded in great numbers on board tlie Brooklyn ferry boats on Thursday evening, were discous lately kicking their, heels and ruefully gazing at the dismal prospect, as they now ground their way, and now floated helplessly among tlie masscfl oT ice oh all sides surrounding them, which from the, Narrows up, preientcd one huge unbroken field, varied only by hammocks and elevations, they saw a large ship with all sails taken in, like tlie t lying Dutchman or some phantom dream, careering steadily onward in defiance of tide, and itV, and all obstructions, as if, Under Ihe keel, nine fatrroms deep, 1'iom the land of mist an J iLOw; -The spirit slid ; and it wai he That made the fcbip to go." Cn she came, lion-like, turning neither to the right nor to the left, crowding down or rushing ever the huge mr ses before her bows, c r splitting the fields into vast chaems. She passed and the grim dark side of a large frigate, w.iih all her holiday geer taken in, and nothing but the lower rnists'an J stein bam persct, showed the Trinceton with a dis;nasted wreck in tow, just as the had gallantly ro.nbatted the furious tempest, in which she had been caught on the coast " No sound was heard from tlie disciplined deck as she rushe'd by, save the bell ttriking the hour, and the quick, decisive voice of the officer, as he gare commands to those on the wreck she was towing by a long hauscr astern. . ' ' 4 In lesj than we have taken, to tell it, she was far on her way to the navy-yard, where with her charge she soon anchored in safety. ; 1 like that," said a demure, quiet man stand jig by and so did we. - A. 1. Com. Adr. OrrxioN. I willingly concede to every man what I claim myself the freest range of thought and expression; and am perfectly indifferent whether the sentiments of others on speculative subjects coincide with or differ from my own. Instead of wishing or expecting that uniformity of opinion should be cs-'ab-lishcd, I am convinced that it is neither practicable nor desirable ; that varieties ot thought are as numerous and as strongly marked, and as irreducible to cue standard, as those of bodily form ; und tliattaqrirrei with one who. thi"uks differently from ourselves, would ""be no less unreasonable than to be angry with him for having leatuies uulikc our own. J.oicstor Latc-

DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES - ' and SXcnturrs. . A simple and frugal Government, conlned within strict Constitutional limits. A strict cnn5tructivn of the Contitution, and 1 assumption cf fJoubiful powers. No National Bank to swindle tho laboring population. . ; - - . No connection bctrch the government and bank. A Diplomacy, asking for nothing but wliat is clearly right and submitting to nothing wrong. No public debt, either by .the General Government, or Ly the Slates, except for objects tf urgent ncVcssity. ' , No assumption by tlic Gcreral Government cf Ü.e debts of the States, either hrec.'ly or indirectly, by a distribution of the proceeds of tlie public lands. A Revenue tariff, discriminating in fivor cf the poor consumer instead of tlie rich capitalist. No extensive system cf. Internal Improvement by tlie General Government, or by tlie State. 5 A constitutional barrier against improv ident State loans. The honest payment of our debts and the sacrod preservation of tlic public faith. A gradual return from a paper -credit system. No grants of exclusive charters and privileges, ly special legislation, to banks. No connexion between Church and State. No proscription for honest opinions. Fostering aid to public education.: A "progressive' reformation of all abuses.

A Sad Spectacle. On our way from Philadelphia to this city on Friday last, upon our return from Baltimore, our attention was arrested bv the appearance of a fellow-Dasseni-er. who clianewl tn sit nonr i in the cars. He was apparently not over 30, dressed in coarse and 83cdy garments, and evidently in the la-t stage ot consumption. Lpon his face v.js stamped the seal of death more clearly and terribly than we nate ever seen it upon another Jiving, countenance. ie was wasted to a skeleton, and tire livid palcnesa of a corpse had driven from his face everv hue of lealth and life. His eyes were restless, aud glared with dull but eairer stare upon what was Dassinr around him. We did not hear him speak till we had reached Jersey City and then, upon the ferry-boat, we observed him talking t a number of gentlemen, who were standing around him. He snoke feebl. but with great earnestness and excitement. He said he had just been released from tha Penitentiary in Pennsylvania, where he had been a long time confined. He had never confessed his shame, but now, he said, he could not hi lp it. He had been a great villain in his life ; but, said he, as his eyes swam in tears, and his thin, blue lips quivered - with emotion, that's all past, and I have got to die in a day or two. His mother, he said, lived at No. Greenwich st. ; he had not seen her for many years, and the only favor he asked of God or man was, that he might reach her home and die in her arms., He sseemed iri a perfect agony of apprehension lest the police btHrers vT tlie city should see him as he landed, and detain him until it should be too late to see his mother. They all Knew him, he said, to be a rrrcat romie. and if somebody did not aid hitn, he l-nac l.e shouli die in tlie City Trison instead of his mother's louse. He seemed greatly relieved and truly thankful when sev- . crai gentlemen ottered to send him at once to her residence. We know not what became of him. but think it scarcely possible that he should be living now. But who can picture cither the joy or the a cony of that last meeting between the widowed mother and her wretched son, coming from the dungeon to her arm.; only to be laid somewhat more gently in thefj-ave! The excitement of the hope of meetir her set med to be all that kept him alive; and it a pi -cared scarcely possible that his feeble frame could survive tlic excitement of the meeting itself. X. V. Tribune. A Eewaxd 's ruiLOsornir. It it because man's law is not God's law that I stand here hpoii the mountain. Were laws equal and just there would be few found to resist them. While they are unequal and unjust, the poor-hearted may submit and tremble; the powerless may yield and suffer; the bold, the free, the strong, and the determined fail back npnn.the law of God, and wage war against the i;uitice of Lian. If you aud I, baron, (lie continued, growing excited with the heat cf his argument ;) if you and I were to staud before a.court ofJiumau jiistiee. as it is called, pleading tlie same cause, accused cf tlie same ccIf, would our trial be the same, cur sentence, cur punishment ! Mo! all would be different ; and why I Because you arc Bernard dc Ko.'mn, a wealthy baron of the land, and I am none. A name would make the difference. A mere name would- bring the sword on my head and leave your's unwound' d. If so it be, I say if euch be the world's equity I set up a retribution for myself, I raise a Kingdom in the j-ases of these mountains, a Kingdom where all tl.-e privileged -of earth are reveucd. Here, under my law, the noble, and the rich, nhd the prot'd arc- those that must bow down and suffer ; the poor and the humble, and the good are those that have protection and immunity,. Go, ask in tlie peasant's cottage; visit the good jastor's fire-side ; inquire of tlie shepherd in the mountain o: the farmer on the plains: , o, ak them, I say if, under the sword cf Corse de Lcoii, they lose a sheep from their flocks or a 6heaf from their lield. Go, ask them, if, when .the tyrant cf tic castle the lawless tyrant, or the tyrant of the eity the lawful tyrant, plunders their property, insults their lowliness, grinds the face of the poor, or wrings tlie heart cf the meek ask them, I -say, if there is not retribution to be found ia the midnight court of Corse de Leon if there is not punishment and justice poured fJrth even upon the privileged head3 above." Jama? Corse de Leon. ' CoNGtGAL Love. If an Egyptian of the present day has a government debt or tax to pay, he Ftoutly persists in his inability to obtain the money, till lie has withstood a certain number cf blows, and considers himself compelled to produce iL The following story, illustrative! this fact, is related by Wilkin an, in his Manners arid Customs of the Egyptians :', . . ; In the year 1822, a Capt.'Christian, residing at Cairo, was arrested by the Turkish authorities for tlie non-payment of his taxes, and taken bifore the Kchia, or deputy tot tlie Fasha. Why,' inquired the angry Turk, have you not paid your taxes V Because, replied the Captain, with a pitiable expression, per-; fectly according with his tattered appearance, I hive', not tlie means. : He was instantly ordered fo be thrown upon the floor and basi;nadix?d. He prayed to be released but in vain';' the stick continued witliout intermission, and he was scarcely able to bear the" increasing pain. Again and again he pleaded In inability to pay and pleaded for mercy. The Turk wr.s inexorable; and the torments he felt at length overcame his resolution ; they were no longer to be borne. Release me, he cried, and I will pay directly. Ah, you Giaour, go !' lie was released and taken home, accompanied by a soldier; and, the menc) being paid, he imparted to his wifi the sad tid-'. ings. Vou coward! you fool! she exclaimed :' f what, give them the money on the very first demand I' 1 suppose atier five or six blows, you cried J will pay, cnily release m?. Next year our taxes will b doubled, through your weakness ; shame !. Xo, my dear, interrupted the suffering man, I assure you I resisted as long as it was p'ssible; look at the state I am in, before you upbraid roe. ' I paid tlie money, but t'icy Lad trcuYe enough for it, for I obliged them, to give mc at le ost a hundad bLWif before they could get it. She was pacified, and the pity and commendation of hin Wife, added to his own Fatigfactiou in having' shown so minh obstinacy. aVI courage, consoled him for tlie pain, and, perhaps, in some measure, for the mency thus forced from him." Ettmologt of Decrihtcde. The comparison of human life to the burning and going' out cf a lamp was fam.liar with Latin authors, as we know by tha. terms sencs decrepiti. Tlutarch explains the origin ofc this metaphor thus : the ancients never extinguished their lamps, but suffered them to go out cf their owq accord; that is by the last crackle; heu.ee a lamp just about to expire was decrepitare, to ceate to crskle. Hence, metaphorically, persons on t!ic verje ot the grave were called decrepid men. Mosaic Wohk. 'Ihe term, though common; ' wrong, it should be spelt Musmr, as the Greek Worvr frcro jrbence it originates requires. The Greeks call this kind of work' Musaic, from the very exact junction of tlie various parts. An arrangement orrarfrved appeared analogous to the-sounds in musical compositions, which, though various in themselves, were rendered harmonious by the art cf the musician. Wht is the fmrst word in the English linguage t Can any body ttU?