Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 4, Number 38, Indianapolis, Marion County, 13 March 1845 — Page 1

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THE STATE SENTINEL Weekly Is published eery Thursday Oßce on Iüinois St., ISea.-n-l li'ock JWA rf Washington. CThe State Sentinel will contain a much larger amount uf reading matter, on all subjects of general interest, L'san any other newspaper ia Indiana. TERMS. Two dollars a year, always in advance?. In no instance will more than one number be sent till the money is received. Subscribers will receive due notice a tew weeks before the expiration uf each year or term, and if the payment fr a succeeding year or trm be not advanced, the paper will be discontinued. ThU rule will be strictly adhered to in vll cases. Fire Dollar will be received fur three years ; or, three copies will be sent one year f r the same. One dollar will be re:eived for six months aJxcys tit n'lcinc. ADVERTISEMENTS, will be inserted three times atone dollar a square, ('Si) cm) r.nd he continued at the rite of 'Si cent? a square weekly. Quarterly advertisements inserted at sV-3 a spiare of l- cms. Yearly advertisers will bo aecomm xhted on reasonable term?, which should always be made in writing as agreed upon. All advertisements from abroad must he recommit iul by the caxh ; or no attention will be paid to them. Postage must be paid. OrTostmaslcrs arc allowed to fraak letter? conaining remittances. Qf-In franking, Postmosrcrs tnxnt not frgct to write their names in full under the word "free."

Sovereigns cf the World. Tlic fjllowinj most ;rap!iic remarks descriptive of the most notable sovereigns of tLc world, are otrnctcd from the from the Ikltimorc Siturdiy Evcniuj Visiter. They contain items of information that Fhould be treasured up in the minds of all inquirers after useful knowledge. EXGLANP. Victoria, born in llü Queen, tiefender of the faith and her ministers, who in return for her patronage, clin to her person and to her table with the tenacity of ivy, and would be dust to-morrow but flr the support to which they clinjj. She is the only wife in the kingdom who is not subject to her husband ilfjun: we mean, for far be it from us to say that she is not subjict to him Je facto. If her bcin the wife of a prince whom 6he has chosen for herself, be an auspicious omen, her reign cannot be but prosperous : as heaven grant it may be. That her husband is worthy of his good fortune, is proved by the fact that all the world have been talking about him for the last twelve months, without uttering a word to his dispraise, lie appears to be winning golden opinions by assimilating himself to the English gentleman a character which the greatest monarch ia the world might be proud to make his model. TRANCE. Louis Thillippc, born 1713. A man of titles : Duke cf Orleans and King of the French, and Naj.-oleon in Taix. The first the work of birth, the second the work of talent. His fortune has been triple like his title ; first a noble, next a Jacobin, and then a king. IIb wealth is enormous, and he has used it for three puqK3Cs to enjoy the reputation of being the richest man in Europe ; and to purchase the French by gilding Versailles for the Parisians, hanging up fables of French battles, and delighting them, from the king to the beggar, with the belief that they are the first populace in the world. A people of contradiction they arc now with one hand trumpeting a challenge U Europe, and with the other digging a ditch for tlio djfjncc of Paris. They have erected a des pot, under the title of a citizen king ; and to revive republicanism are bringing back the bones of the haughtiest of Emperors. Maria Isabella Louisa, born 1930. The youngest of all sovereigns, though by "ho means the most childish. Her mother manages the State for her. General Espartero manages the State for her mother ; the mob manage the State for the city of Madrid and the mob itself is managed by the beggar, and the thief and the soldier The civil war lus died out for want of material, and Spain is now amusing itself by hooting the prisoners. PORTUGAL. Maria de Gloria, born 1819. Sovereign of an 'independent country, which England alone saves from being swallowed up by Spain, ruling by the 'imperishable' constitution which has been changed three times since her accession in ,1CG, and sitlin on the throne of an enlightened, free," and 'tranquilized' nation, themselves ruined by the priests, the police and the mob of Lisbon. riOLLAXO. William the First, born in 1135. The first king of the Netherlands -x kingdom cut from FrailCC by the scissors of the Congress of Vienna, and cut in tWO by the hatchets of the mob of Brussels ; a prince, hard headed, hard worked, and hardly used. To S0Jace the cares of sovereignty in the foggiest land in the world, he fell in love. Cut the prince dreaded the expense of a royal marriage, the Princess (if Orange dreaded a step-mother, and the old women of the court a rival. What king could prevail against this union of forces J William the First, with a broken heart and helpless sceptre, had the sole alternative of marrying or resigning. A 3Iark Antony of 70, he has resigned. BELGIUM. Leopold the First, born in 1790. The luckiest of the lucky families of Europe. An Austrian Captain pf cavalry, who superseded the Prince of Orange in the alliance of the Princess Charlotte of England; enjoyed a pension of fifty thousand pounds a year for twenty years, of which he has saved every shilling ; next superceded the Prince of Orange in the posses sion of Ifclgium, and is now a king, on tho simple credit of having a good leg, doing nothing and being a Coburg. At'STEIA. Ferdinand, born in 1703. In Austria, the government is wholly constructed on the principle of a nursery ;" tl.'j people are children who think of nothing but their breakfast, dinner and supper and furnished with dolls and dancers, are as happy as the day is long ; but they never grow. When refractory they are whipped or put into the black hole. When good humored they are permitted to run about the fields, provided they never run out of the sight of the head nurse, and can be brought back by the check of an apron string. While they live, they merely walk in o-carts and when they die they arc merely wrapped ip and put to bed. PRUSSIA. ' AVilliam the Fourth, born in 179Ö. Since the beginning of the year, successor to his father, Frederick William the Third. His character is yet to be hnown. He is a supposed lover of war, as all princes üre, for want of something else to do ; and certainly no lover of the French, from his recollections of that .most polished and blundering of all nations ; but a worshipper of Russia, oa the. same principle that -makes an African bow down. Bl'SSIA. Nicholas the First, born in 1703. A daring, active and ambitious despot. Jle began by excluding his brother Constantine from the throne, and is supposed to have the largest esophagus of any sovereign in existence. He has already swallowed Toland, has made an enormous bite out of Persia, holds Tartary in his left hand ready fjr a luncheon ; and Turkey lies dressed before him ready for dinner what he. is t sup on, or where, who can tell ? But he is vigorous, vigilant, subtle, and therefore, the better to be baffled by Lord FaLncrston. TUE KEY. Abuul Mushcc, the unfortunate son of Mahmound the unlucky, born in lrJ3. He has come to the throne as a man might come to his dinner, with a party of wild beasts round his table. It ts not lively that he can much enjoy his meal. All the sovereigns of Earope are open mouthed against him, and he is spared from hovj to hour only by the show of their tuska at each other. But the first bite .is the signal for universal battle and which gorges Turkey must finish their meal. cmxA. . ' Teon Kwang. China is the great tea warehouse of mankind. A quarrel having been raised by some of tu this w as, the dealers stood on the point and determined to starve more foolish still. L'ut this was not enough. The warehouseman turned all his capital into powder and shot, and building up his shop windows, mounted them with guns. The dealers, already half ruined, resolved to go the whole length turned the tea money into cannon balls and congrevc rocktts, and determined to burn down the warehouseman, shop and all, to force him to trada with them again raoat foolbh cf the whole

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BY (J. A. J. P. CHAPMAN. Ciigenc Sue mid Hie 'Juif Errant. Möns. Eugene Sue was born at Taris on the 10th of December, 1S 4. The Empress Josephine and Prince Eugene Pcauharnoia, were his god-tathcr and god-mothcr. The ancient family of Sue has for many, generations been established at Lacolme, near Cauncs, in Provence, md is at present represented there by 3Ir. Sue, a retired superior officer and grand uncle of our author,' The great grandfather of Ulr. Sue, Tctcr, his grand father, Joseph, and his father, Jean Joseph, were surgeons, or physicians of celebrity. The two latter were graduates of the Lnivcrsity of JLd:nliurgh, ana made known, by copious translations, the works of the medical school in Scotland. His father was sur-gcon-in-chief to the Imperial Guard in the Russian campaign, and afier the restoration he became sur geon to the king, lie lived on terms ot the utmost intimacy with the Lm;-res Josephine, r ranklm, ivlasscna, Morcau, and all tlic great personages of the days of the Consulate. Agreeably to the wish of his fither, Möns. Eugene Sue entered upon a medical career, and was attached as surgeon to the King s Military College, then to the statF of tlic army in Spain, in and afterwards to the 7th regiment of artillery in the ssme campaign, and in that capacity was present at the siege ot Cadiz, and the capture of Trocadero and TarilFa. In 1321 he left the land for the naval service. He made several voyages to America, returned to the Mediterranean and visited Greece. In lXlS he was on board the "rclaw" in the battle of Navarino. Ujon bis return he retired from the service and from the medical profession, which pos-ssed no attraction for bim, and coming back to Paris, thanks to a liberal paternal inheritance, he was able to live a happy and brilliant life. Next to the pursuit of pleasure, his favorite occupation was painting, which he studied under his friend Gudin. In 13o0, an old artillery comrade suggested to him to write bis naval reminiscences, as Cooper had done so successfully, and the idea pleased him so well that he dropped tho pencil, seized the pen, and published "lfcrnock leTirate" and several other naval romances, naval histories, historical romances, dramas, and social and philosophical works of fiction. The early works of Möns. Sue indicate a mind entirely free from prejudices, and a sincere and ardent disposition : and, for the exalted thoughts of the "Mystcres de Paris," he has often confessed himself indebted to the counsels ot a kind critic. In fact, from the very first chapter, before a single voice was raised to praise the author, he produced, in his analysis of the fall of the "Chourineur," the proof of a sovereign critical fertility. Terhaps no other study in the book is more profound than that ; none more learnedly expresses the vices of existing society, nor suggests more clearly the means of true reform. Mr. Sue's character is one of rare benevolence, simplicity, and amenity ; ami, what is rare to find amongst distinguished artists of our times, he is plain, and never abstract or visionary. His is a nature at once full of frankness and address, of bnnlumiie and tact. He is a man of the world, amiable and refined, witty and gay ; he is believed to be tinctured with gallantry, and, in his travels and wanderings in quest of adventure, it is suspected that ho has studied the question of love among various nations, and in every human tnnjnie. His eye, like that of the Creole, betimes is brilliant, and at others clouded, lie has the look cf an observer. His eyebrows arc thick end black, and terminating in a well-defined arch. The centre of the forehead prents a strong development of the organs of causality and comparison, as well as all the faculties of the artist. The nose is fir C and distinct, with the nostrils well opened; the lips, clearly designed, bespeak energy and passion. He has an abundance of strong hair, of a deep brown, golden tint. In figure, he is erect and rather stout, and his carriage is expressive of a species cf softness, blende? with much vigor and sanguinencss. In the "Juif Errant," from its very beginning, the same generous thought that guided the author of "Los Mysteres de Taris," appears. The book is dedicated to Möns. Camille rieycl, an amiable and distinguished artist, who labors with zeal to ameliorate the condition of his workmen. In the dedication, Mr. Sue announces his intention to investigate the destiny of . Ali i-i the people the law oi laoor. wmcn, no savs. will soon take precedence of all others, because, for the masses, it is a question of life or death. Here, then, is the same source cf the inspiration of the "Mysteres" charity compassion for the people; but here the field appears much more vast. The poet's views are extended ; he rises, and seeks to influence the world to scan humanity entire. It is to the human race, still in vassalage, and sadly curbed on the suffering bosom of the earth, that he comes to preach redemption. He does not stop at the social life of the French ; but includes in his story the whole species, the West and the East, for a field of observation. He evokes strange mysteries, and speaks to us of miracles; and, by the fantastic phase of his works, he touches upon tlic problems of another life. His pencil traces and depicts uncouth manners, hideous maladies, and human deformities. Now he brings before you the cholera and its systematic and terrible attacks; now he treats of the pliansnrars or men stranglers ; the mother throwing her infant into the stream, that it may not have to carry tlic burthen of life the old prostitute buying up young virgins from mothers famishing with hunger ; the Indian brutally conquered and exterminated by a party of armed traders ; and, nearer still to us, the tyranny of Russia and tlic exile of Siberia. In France, the penury of the populace, leading to debauch, prostitution and degradation ; ignorance, exposing the unenlightened to the power of the skilful; and, above all, misery spreading her bloody hand over the millions, and exhausting the feeble body, and delicate but courageous goul of woman. The conception of Sue's new work is exalted, and inspired in a remarkable degree with religious sentiment ; it is truly Christian. To our knowledge, no book of imagination hitherto has so widely embraced social fife under its different aspects its trcubled and sorrowful present its cflbrts towards order and happiness. No other writer has approached so nearly and so profoundly in a dramatic form, the problem of human destiny. ' Anecdote of Frederick the Great. Frederick sending a minister to Denmark who complained of the smallness of bis salary, and said that he could keep neither an equippage nor a table, the King's remark to him was, You are prodigal ; you ought to know that it is more healthy to go on foot than it is to go in a carriage ; and that so far as pating is concerned, another man's table is the best." Diaries tc, of the Earl of Mulmesbury. I.xdolexce. Terhaps every man may dato the predominanca of those desires that disturb, and contaminate his conscience, for some unhappy hour when too much leisure exposed him to their incursions for he has Lved wiJi little observation, either on him-elf or others, who does not know that to be idle is to be vicious.-' is much easier to endure misfortune than to bear an lnccpvenicnce.

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INDIANAPOLIS, fr-Th following line, with a few vejbal alterations, are fiom the pathetic poem vt Mm. R, S. Ntcholi, entitled "To my boy in heaven." Thtir tcndeincsj and feeling will be appreciated by ail who have expeiicnccd1 betearemcnts like that hei lamented t I cAZtn upon tbec ! Was it rigid Death That sat euthroncJ upon thine try brow ? Ah no ! tnethought I ibe living bieath Of life expand thjr heaving breut but now ; She sleeps! Tread jofily wake her wot! I luw bright Thee dreams of Heaven upon hcrtphit fall ! They fold it slumbering 'nr;h their winzi uf liht, And bear it up to Heaven's high festival The festival of dirams where apiiiu hold Their deep communing, when the seraph Sleep Spreads his encircling wing, and seeks to fol.l Earth to repose, and calm the titans that weep. It was a fearful dream ! Methouht re faid That she, my girl, was of the ratth no more ! That all the se nlinels uf life had flee. And that pile Death their pjrtili guarded o'er. Ye deemed that I should weep ; but not a tear Burst fiom the frozen founts where thejr were pent, Though daik foreboding thought and bitter fear Rushed to my heait, aad bate my soul lament ! She is not dead : she sleeps : She cuold not die, So loved, so beautiful ! If Death should bear Her spiiit hence, e'en to her native sky. My voice wuuld pieice the inner temples there ! She is not dead ! Ah ! how my piiit mocks The rain delusion ! Can I look on this, And doubt whose hind each charmed vein now locks ? I dare not claim what Di-ath haih scaled as bis ! And thus I gave thee, dearest, to the tomb, And saw the brow oft pillowed next my heait Laid dowu amid the dust and darkling gloom, To be, alas ! too soon of dust a pait! I saw them heap the earth ?bout thy form, And prtss the lifjht tutf o'er thy peaceful breast, Then leave thee to the cold and brooding worm, As some joung dove iu a deserted nest. I gazed : it was the evVing'j golden light That flung bright shadows o'er thy new-ma le home ; While thiough the trees that waved in colors biigbt, 1 heard the low sweet winds thy dirges moan ! And there was One looked with me on that scene. Who bad. me know our bitter loss thy gain t But ah ! her cheek was pale as thine, I ween. And from her eyes the hot tears fell like rain, That ere, while gazing on the midnight ky, Oue bright new star locked out from its lone sphere ; We knew no name to call the stranger by, So gare it thine, and deemed that thou wert near. Smother's! Tliouslits. The deepest thoughts, unbroken, In shadowM feelings lie . And for each thought that's spoken, A thousand voiceless d.'e. Crush'd are the accents stealing, llush'd are the bosom's chords, And pi'.s of blighted feeling Aie all unknown to words. Thou, mighty ocean, steepest, Thy suiface kUsing light, But still thy waters deepest Lie hush'd in solemn night. E'en when the bearing billow Madly aspires the ky, It shrinks back to its pillow. In daikness still to lie. The mournful willow drooping Is not po sad a thing As is av high soul stooping Beneath a voiceless sling. Then smother'd thinkings hurried That teat the breast and brain. Like ghosts ari&e, when buried, To haunt the heart again ! Tlic Ilmiiuia Heart. The human Acaf do mortal eye Hath seen its springs laid bare ; A beauty and a mystery Is all that resteth there. In love how silently 'twill brood O'er feeling uncosifessed A bird that feeds in silitue The youngling of its nest. Its hate is like volcanic fire ! We reck not of its wrath, Till bunts the lava of its ire Around its scotching path. Its friendship ! oh ! the blessed seeds It strews on Time's d-irk bowers That spiing through misoiy's bitter weeds" To crown life's cop with fljwcis. The heart's despair ! what simile Portnys i's gloom aright ! It is the bell of memory Uuutterablc night! Its holiness ! a tict whose life Eternity supplies. And flocking to whose branches come The birds of paradise. The Grave. How little reflection is expended upon, yet how much is called f jr by the grave, by the lowliest hillock that is piled over the icy bosom, by the grassiest hollow that has sunk with the mouldering bones of a fellow creature ! And in this narrow haven rots tire bark that has ploughed the surges of the great vital ocean ! in this little den, that the thistle can overshadow in a day's growth, and the molewarp undermine in an hur of labor, is crushed the spirit that could enthral a world, and dare even a contest with 1 destiny ! How little it speaks for the valuo of the existence which man endures so many evils to prolong; how much it reduces the significance of both the ponrp and wretchedness of being, reducing all its vicisitude into the indistinguishable identity which infinite d.stance gives to the stars, a point without parrallax, a speck, an atom ! Such is Lfe, the gasp of a child that inspires the air of existence but once, a singlo breath breathed from eternity. But the &stiny that comes behind us, oblivion 1 It is not enough that we moralize upon the equality of the sepulchre ; that the rich man, whose soul i in the ostentation of a marble palace, and his heart in the splendor of the feast should consider how small a pit must content him, or that the Erous, who boast their ' pre-eminence above the eas'S,' should know that the sliaggy carcass and the lawn shrouded corse must fatten the earth together. We should teach our vanity the lesson of humiliation that is offered by the grave ; neglecting the mighty mausoleums of those marvellous spirits which fame has rendered immortal, we should turn to the nameless tombs of the millio.i, and in their deserted obscurity, discover the feeble hold which we ourselves must have upon earth and the memory of men. Friendship forgets what the devouring earth has claimed ; and even enmity ceases at last to remember the resting place of a foe. Love ourselres as we may, devote our affections to others as we can, yet must our memory perish with us in the grave. Dr. Dir J. What I would do. If I possessed the most valuable things in the world, and wai about to will them away, the following would be my plan of distribution : I would give to the world friendship and truth, which are very scarce. I would give an additional portion of truth to lawyers, traders and merchant. I would give to physicians skill and learning. I would give to printers their pay. To gossip women, 6hort tongues. To youn women, erood sene, large waists and natural complexions. To young sprouts or dandies, common sense, little cash and hard work. To old msids, good tempers, smooth faces, little talk and good husbands. To old bachelors, a love for virtue, children and wives. The great Zimmerman justly observes that 'There is always something great in that man against whom the world exclaims ; at whom every one throws a stone, and on whose character all attempt to fix a thousand crimes without being able to j rove one.'

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MARCH 13, 1815. From the Cincinnati Chronicle. Lieut, rrcinnnt's I3K!l(ioii to Oregon ami C it lit oriii:i. Tiic recent expedition of Lieutenant Fremont, under the direction of the War Department, is oue of the most daring ana romantic amour; the achievements of modern travellers. It was not merely an; expedi tion to Dreg m, but it was tho crossing of the great North American Andes, in the midt of the winter, a feat fir exreedlng the passige of the Alps, by ancient or modern warriors. In tire annual report of the Topographical Depart ment, there 13 a brief sketch of his journey. It has none of its romance, but contains an outline of what was done, which may be enough to excite an intercut in the narrative which we hope Lieut. Fremont will hoieauer rive to the publi". This otricer h ft Wcstport, Missouri, cn the 1st of June, lMd. H:s route from t:rere was first to the mouth of the Kansas ; thence up that stream to the Republican Fork, which was pursued to Long's Teak. This, with two other lofty summits, are spurs or shoots from the gigantic range of the Rocky Mountains. Long's Peak is called from Col. Lonir, now of the United States To;ographical corps, who was at the bend of the most invtortant and advantageous cxplor ing expeditions which had visited that country since tue day ol Lewis and Llirk. 1 ms peak is Crronious-ly stated in the topographical report, and erroneously printed in the maps, nt 1'2,AjQ feet. This we have from Col. Long himself, who surveyed it. The head of this peak, with those of its giant neighbors, rises above the region of perpetual snow, and their frozen brows defy the melting rays of the warmest sun. Here Lieut. Fremont arrived on the 4th of July. On the 14th he was at the Arkansas river, at tlic mouth of the Fontaine qui bouit. lie crossed the mountains at the South-west Pass and descended into the valley of the Mexican Colorado. This is one of the most remarkable spots on earth. Here, at an angle formed by the line dividing Mexico from the United States, and the head waters of the Arkansas, in the most of the Northern Andes, are the fountain springs and branches of wnic of the greatest rivers in the world. Not far from each other arc the hard waters of the Yellow Stone, which flows into tlic far rolling Missouri, the Arkansas, 'which joins the mighty Mississippi ; Lewis' river flowing into the Columbia, and the Colorado of Mexico, rolling its waters into the South Pacific ! With barren plains on one side, vast ranges of mountains on tlic other, and frozen summits above, the traveller here contemplates the geographical key to the North American continent. On the 3d of .September, Lieut. Frem.ont reached the great Salt Lake of Northern Mexico, and spent a week in surveying it. On the 13th of September he reached Fort Hall, and on the 20ih of October, Fort Nez-rcrccs. On the 4th cf November ho was at the IIisionary Station of Dalles, on the Columbia. This was the northern termination of this journey on the territory of the United States. On the 20th of November he commenced the bold project of returning amidst the severities of winter. There was then a heavy fall of snow, and the thermometer was two degrees below zero. In the course of a few d lys he found himself between the river Aux Chutes and the Cascade mountains. Here vast parallel ranges of mountains continued to run southward, and he continued to traverse the western base, till, on the 10th of December, ho was at the Ilamatti Lake. This was probaly about the 431 dc of north latitude und 1(1 dC. uf West longitude from Washington. This w as a region of great discovery and extraordinary intercut. His animals were, however, entirely worn down, and there was no prospect of getting east, lie then determined to cress the Sierra Mcrida, cr great California Mountains, which lay between bim and the Day of San Francisco. He "did so ; and tic cold month of February was consumed in crossing the snows of ti.csc lofty moun'ams. These snows were from five to fifty feet deep! Early in March, he descended from icy regions to the perpetual spring of tue vauey 01 the öaeramento. liy the Mexicans ho was received and treated with great hospitality. At the end of Marth he proceeded up the valley of the Joaquim river, re-crossing the Sierra at a very beautiful p uss to the south. Oil the 21st of April, he took the Spanish road from Pueblos de los Ancrelos to Santa Fe. Arrived again at the Colorado'he proceeded north-cast, passed the Auta Lake, and encamped at Iirowa's Hole, June frth, 1611. Crossing the Colorado, he again passed the Ilocky Mountains, and proceeded to the nort! Fort of the Nebraska. On the COth of June, he was on the Arkansas ; on the 2d of July reached Dent's Fort ; and on the 31st of July returned to tire mouth of the Kansas river. Such is an outline of one of tho longest and most adventurous explorations of our time. That part of the expedition which relates to the passage of the California, mountains, the return to the Colorado, and the survey of that river, must have peculiar intercuts, and will be new to the public mind. The government deserves credit for the zeal with wluV!i it has pursued geographical discovery. A Its 111 row; It the Itocky. llottntaiiis. The popular idea regarding the Rocky Mountains is a lofty, vast, continuous mass of rocks, partially covered with soil, on which impenetrable forests find root and sustenance. Recent explorations, directed by Government, have elicited the gratifying fact that there is a pass in -the Mountains which makes the transit perfectly easy. The survey has been conducted by Lieut. Fremont, cf the armv, and an, abstract of his report appears in the St. Louis Missourian, from which following is in extract : "About six mi! es from our encampment brought us to the summit. The ascent had been so gradual, that, with all the intimate knowledge possessed by Carson, who had made" this cpuntry his home for seventeen years, we were obliged to watch very closely to find the place at which we had reached the culminating point Ihis was between two low 11a is, rising on either hand titty or sixty f.;et. When I looked, back at them from the spot of the immediate siopc on the western plain their summits appeared to be about one hundred and 'twenty feet above. From the im pression on nn mind at thjs tinie, and subsequently v 1 . .i-.i '.l:-l on our return, 1 should compare uie eicvauon wuicn we surmounted immediately at the Pass to the ascent of the Capitol Hill from tho Avenue at Washington. It is ditlicult for me to fix positively the breadth of this pass. From the broken ground. where it commences, at the foot of the Wind River chain, tire view to the southeast is over a champaign country broken at the distance of nineteen miles by the Table Rock, which, with the other isolated hills in its vicinity, seems to stand on a comparative plain. This I judged to be its termination, the right recovering its rugged character with the Table Rock. It will be seen that it in no manner resemble the places to which the term is commonly applied nothing of the porge-like character and winding ascents of the Alleglmny pa ses in America nothing of the Great St. JJernard and Simplon passes in Europe. Approaching it from the mouth of the Sweet Water, a sandy plain, one hundred and twenty miles long, conducts, by a gradual and regular ascent, to the summit, about seven thousand feet above the sea ; and the tiaveller, without being reminded of any change by toilsome ascents, suddenly finds himself on tho waters which flow to the Pacific ocean. By the route we

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'"tH ! .1' Volume IV::::::::Xnnibcr had travelled, the distance from Fert Lnranne is three hundred and twenty miles, or nine hundred and fiAy from the mouth of the Kanwts." The pass thus described was ascertained by Lieut. Fremont to be thirty mile within the territory of the United States. Its latitude is 12 dog. 27 inin. 1" sec. It is nearly in a direct lino from the northwestern angle of Missouri to the Columbia river valley. Comparatively, the npproach to the j-nss is ato free from obstacles, bcin with the course of a sin ul river called the Sweet Water. These and, the more prticular statements in Lieut. Fremont's report arc very satisfactory. Atff. Int. The Secret of Scotch. Baxkiv;. Of thirty-one banks in Scotland which issue notes, five onfy are chartered that i, the responsibilities of the proprie tors in those established is confined to the amount of their subscribed capital. The remahiinjr twenty-six are, with one or two exceptions, joint-stock banks, and the proprietors are liable to the public for the whole of the bank responsibilities to the last shilling of their private fortunes. The number of persons connected with these banks as share-holders are very great, almost every man of opulence in the country being a holder of stock to a gr&.ter cr loss amount. lue bcotish bankers have arrai.gcd amongst themselves a mutual system of exchange, as stringent as if it had the force of Statut?, by means of which an overissue of notes becomes a matter of perfect impossibility. Twice in every week the whole notes deposited with the. ditftrent bank-ouicers in S -otland are regularly interchanged. Now, witli this system in operation, it is perfectly ludicrous to sup oe that any bank would issue its paper rashly for the sake of an extended circulation. The whole notes in circulation throughout Scotland return to their respective banks in a period averaging from ten to eleven days in urban, and from a fortnight to three weeks in rural districts. In consequence of the rate of interest allowed by the banks, no person has any inducemcut to keop bank paper by him, but the reverse, and the general practice of the country U to keep the circulation at as low a rate as possible, the numerous branch banks which are situated up and down the country, are the means of taking the notes of their neighbors out of tlic circle as speedily as possible. In this way it is not possible for the circulation tobe more than i absolutely necessary for the transactions cf the country. If, therefore, any bank had been so rash as to grant accomodation without proper security, merely for the sake of obtaining circulation, in ten days, or a fortnight at the farthest, it is compelled to account with tho other banks for every note they have received. If it does net hold enough of their paper to redeem its own up:n exchange, it is compelled to pay the difiercnee in exchequer bilk', a certain amount of which every bank ia hound by mutual agreement to held, the fractional parts of each thousand pounds being payable in i'ank of England notes or in gold. In this way ovcr-t riding, in so far as regards the issue of paper, is so effectually guarded and controlled, that it would puzzle parliament, with all its conceded convcutiiual wisdom, to devise any plan alike so simple end expeditious. Bladirooj. The stability of the Scotch Banking system is illustrated says Blackwood, ly tire fact that at the late investigation before a committee of tire House of Commons, it was stated, that whereas in Scotland the whole loss sustained by the public from bank failures, f'tr n century and u lm(f, amounted to J32,(XK) ; the loss to the public, during the pre r inns year in Isnidon alimc, kqs estimated at ten times that jhiovxt. SrLEXDiD Dresses. Were there no such thing as fomab virtue in the world, the place of royal mistress m'g'it by Eoraj lad 03 be considered a? one decidedly eligible, and much to be canvassed Jor, such capital opportunities docs it aflbrd for the gratification of even the most extravagant whims. JFudamc Ju Darri, the last iMtstrcss of Louis XV. of France gives the following description of a dress which was presented to fcer by her royal paramour, on a certain occasion : The King presented me with a new set of jewels, and himself selected the materials for my robe and train, which was to be comjnsed of a rich green satin, embroidered with gold, trimmed w'ith wreaths of roses, and looped up with pearls; the 'lower part of this magnificent dress was trimmed with a profusion of tli3 finest Flemish lace. I wore on my head a garhnd of full blown roses, composed cf the finest green and gold work ; round my forehead was a string of beautiful pearls, from the centre of which depended a diamond star; add to this a pair of splendid ear-rings, valued at one hundred thousand crowns, with a variety of jewels equally costly, and you tnny form some idea of my appearance on that eventful evening. The King, who presided at my toilet, could not repress his admiration ; he even insiste d upon clasping my necklace, in order that he ni ght, ts he said, Hatter himself with having completed such a triumph of nature and of art.' On the occasion of ths marriage of the Comtc d'Artois, since known as Charles X., she wore jewels Valued at three millions of lit res. 4 Sly dress,' she says, 'was ccmpo-cd of cloth of gold, trimn cd with ro. es tied together by rows of diamonds ; each of my ear-rings cost one hundred thousand crowns ; my belt and head-dress were proportionably costly. It Was in this way that the revenue cf France was squandered, and which was one of the causes of the Revolution. In that Revolution Madame du Harri hcfsclf perished ; and it is a fact dwelt upon by many whö have written of those times, that she was one of the very, very few persons who d.d not meet death with either contemptuous indiforcnee or "heroic fortitude. She ran about on the scallold, shrieking for mercy, ond had finally to be forced under the guillotine, to the great disgust cf the enlightened spectators of the seme. - Mexican Sla vesy. Mr. IVcscott, in his new work, gives the following account of the slave system in Mexico, previous to the Spanish conquest : There were several descriptions of idave3 : prisoners take 9 in war, who were almost always reserved for the dreadful doom of sacrifice ; criminals, public debtors, persons w.ho, from extreme poverty, resigned their freedom; ami children who were sold by their own parents. In the last instance, usually occasioned by poverty, it was common for the parents', with the mas'.er's consent, to Bubstitute others of their children successively, as they grew up; thus distributing the burden as equally as possible, among the diücrent members of the family. The willingness of freemen to incur the penalties of this condition is explained by the mild form in which it existed. The contract of sile was executed in the presence of at least-four witnerscs. Xh,e services to bo exacted were limited with great precision- The slave was allowed to have his own family, to hold property, and eVen other slaves. His children were free. Kb one one could bo born ia slavery in Mexico ; an honorable' distinction, not know n, I believe in any civiLzed community, where slavery has been sanctioned. Slaves were not 60II by their masters unless when driven to it by poterty. T.iey were often !;Vrated by them at their death, and sometimes as thtM was no natural repugnance founded on difTc ranee of blood and race, were maried U them. Yet a refractory or vicious clav; might be led into the market, with a collar round his neck, which indicated his bad character, and there bo puulul old ; and, on a second sale reserved for sacriike.

DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES mid !flcaurts. A simple and frogal Government confined within strict Constitutional limits. A strict construction of the Constitution, and no assumption of doukfol j-owers. No National Rank to swindle the hboriug population. No connoctim between the government end bonis. A Dlplomarw. Ivl'rvr T.r 11 itli'nn Im? ulit i rtnr.

Iy right and submitting to nothing wrong. N O public del or by the Slates, except for objects of urgent nect sIS o assuf.ir-t Jon bv debts of the Suites, cither directly or indirectlv, fcy a distribution of the prvcceds of the public lands." a xevenue iar,n, Ciscnm:nat;r.g in fivor cf the poor consumer instead of the rich t.nitalLst. No extensive system of lateral improvement ly the General Government, or by the Suites. A constitutional barrier against impro ident State loans. The honest 'payment of our debts and the sacred preservation of the public faith. A gradual return from a paper credit system. No grants of cxciai?e charters and privileges, by ne-ial legislation, bauk. No connexion, bet wcea Church and State. No proscription for h rct opinions. Fostering p.id to puhlic education. A "progressive" reformation uf all abuses. 04T"Ilere is a right pood thln from Willi, nr;cil to justify the propr.cty of the benefit teiwlcMl to Gen. Morris. It is worked into one of tirose cd.torial c olloqu.es which fjrm a peculiar feature of the Evening ilirror, The Gen. i$ fearful tint it imy Ire cons krd in bad taste for him to a.-cept a j.ubiic ohvripg of Die kind, and bluntly puts the question to his sociale "Isn't your pride wonderful fjr me!" WdlU answers in the negative, and then jroceeJs to lay down this sage apothegm, which not only fu.ly bears out the propriety of the benefit, but involves a truth habitually overlooked by the multitude, to the great disparagement of the press. "Editors." tays tl.w prose poet, " are the pemp handles of charity, alwayj helping people to water, and never thought to le . thirsty themselves." How true a tiling is this ! Tl e gxhl-nalured public have come to believe, with unexampled unanimity, that editors are indeed tut "pumphandles." No enterprise of utility, bencvolei.ce or pleasure, can be projected, that a rush ts not at once made te some attic sanctum, and the " pump-h mdle " seized to be worked ad lihittim. If tho enterprise be of a public nature, the whole town feci at liberty to ply the editor for his support; if it be a private one, the concourse may be less numerous, but the few w! o do approach, work with a pertinacity which f;dly mac? amends. It is quite as reasonable to ask a merchant to give his goods, a lawyer to grant his sen ices, the mechanic to proffer his skill and labor to a public charity and improvement, as to demand of an cd.tor tu enrrendi r his columns and types to euch uses. Yet all other professions arc paid for contributions to these objects, whilst editors write them int fivor and pny tor tl.e printing besides. Taking into consideration th thousand and one schemes of private charity and public improvement many of them virlding fit sahrh-s to those that manage them which the press espouses and sustains without remuneration, no cl ist of nm contribute so largely to works of this description &s the proprietors of newspapers; and yet, ns a cla-s, none arc less able to give alms. They do i cheerfully whenever they foci convinced that a scheme proposed is one of public utility, or a charity sought, i3 rcillv deserved. If any invention ba discovered that promises to yield the patentee a fortune, the editor i expected to puff it up at his own CJst. If a pulhc charity, that gives a comfortable support to a d-zru officers, is attacked, thü editor must defend it and its management for thanks. Again, if some wealthy gentleman happens to make a liberal donation to charitable usts, the editor must hold it up to admiration and rcspM; whilst it not unfreier.!!)' Inppens that tho cost of printing the parr graph is a lirrr contribution in proportion ttbe rueins of the printer, than the gift of which it makes In ndatory mention. We omit one description tf alms, of which the press is quite lavish, as bcit'gof dubious utility, that is tl o fame it confers upon an1 the chara-ter it makes for public men many of whom arc indebted to the presj for their grcatne.-s. Picayune. rovxETY. As poverty is the lowest, so it is the most impudent of the winde family of vices. Tridc is a gentlemanly failing, and sins sweetly and respectably It smells of civet and turning its varnished clrcek to the sun, wa!k3 abroad in purple rnd flue linen. Nay, it rides in a conch and four : and in hours of penitential castigation, hdts itself in a j-ew of best upholstery, and in a fit of humility, lasting nt least a couple of luurs, calla itself l m.sentbic sin ner. Hence, pride at its worst has its good graces. At all events, it never olTemN that extraordinary abstraction, public decency ; for thotigJi we Imr much about it, it is, nevertheless, sometimes 11s diiHeult to discover as a city policeman. No; pride, being a vice that is well tu do in the v.vrld, iir.y be called'reepcctable. Tride keeps a barouche ! L'rur.kcnncnS may, or may not, be respectable, according to its education. When wc Pay education, wc nn'n the peculiar, bottle it studies. For the drunkenness that ponders over champagne, is a very djforcat vice to the drunkenness that takes libations from pewter tnrterns. Arrogance is also a vi-e that may have its laudation. It rarely consorts with tcggars ; tut is at least among that suspicrou3 class, the respectable. Covctousness and avarice ore called vices; for our part, we have ever thought them amongst the noblest virtues. And so indeed in their heart of hearts, do nine ir.cn out of ten think them. iiid this is what they do; they give them hard names, and then, to make amends for their seeming harshness, tike them to their bosoms; in the same way th.it a foolish mother, when she sees her baby doing all sorts of household misJcrncatiors, cries, "you little wretch," and then catches the child in her arm and covers it with kisses.. There arc a few other vices that may all of them be turned into passable virtues, if found in goad company. Lust, cruelty, pcl;shncss, cadi and all of these may have a pretty aliis another thrilling, musical name for the hng ears of bij-cd tkistle'-eaters. Rut there is' one vice and that vice is poverty which all men declare to be iuf imous, inscorrigible, incapable of amendment ; a lper a wrett h a monster to be confined in cabins and cellars, or sent like a scapegoat into the howling wih'.rncis. London Punch TJ. S. Rank. The annual rejKrt of the Trustees of this mon-ter " shows that it has in i.s possession in specie, the sum of 'igJit em's. The Raltimoro Sun says: " "Tue stocks, losses and bonus, it will be seen cover the enormous sum of nearly twenty-threa millions ! nine-tenths of which are irretrievably lot. What an amount of wailing and "misery has the loss and plunder of this great sum caused to the widow and the orphan. And yet, says the Ledger, we hould not be much surprised to see an application f r renewal of charter, iu order that a ne v set of sharkers may repeat tho operations on the unsuspecting." A Rei.ic. A few days ago on o'.d oak was cut down at a short distance from Harris! urg, Ta., (and nnr an old revolutionary relic-, known a Vi,X( n6 chun.,') which, upon counting the growths, provi-d to be near four hundred years old, and perfectly embedded in it, at a height ..near thirty feet from the ground, was. found a well shaped mortar and pestle, and an intrument very hiuch resembling our axe, though much smaller in size. They had evidently been placed in the Crotch of the tree, which had grown t jgether over them, and from an examination of the section, it is perfectly manifest that they must have been there at least three hundred years. -.They are of very hard and flinty stone, and in their finish exLibit much skill. Canada. The public fobt of Upper Canadx when the Provinces w.cre united was .5,VJ0,.M9. Lower Canada n debt to s;eak of. The new debt of tho United Canadas is .$-?,(RVXX) borrowed in England for public improvements, and it is supposed this income from her public works will not more than pay the interest. The cost of tlie late insurrections to tue Home -Government wss alout $ 5,(M.O,000. Tha military establishment now kept up in the Province cost about Csl,000,(KX) a year. Between nine and Ui thousand troops are now under pty there. Never hire a man to do a pixe of work whL-h you can do yourself. '

II