Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 4, Number 35, Indianapolis, Marion County, 20 February 1845 — Page 2

THE STATE SENTINEL crr.iAL visttswcc i tmk nice or iiui'T. thukspay, rrunrABiTo, isia. fjrSihce our last number issued. Got. Whitcomb has returned from Jeffersonville, whither he went for the purpce of examining into the progress and condition of the New State Prison, with the view of pru-

rosing a charge in the discipline and employment of !t J, r;r,A t- f k w T , tL iVriM. a renmrrd hv rin art eil thi IrvTivIattirp. ' . . .. Seen after Le reached that place, he was attacked by rickness, and was in consequence, detained there for the purpose of receiving medical assr-tance until his health -should be. sufficiently re-established, longer than he expected. This circumstance, it is hoped, will satisfactorily account to Lis numerous correspondents in the mean time, for the unavoidable delay in replying to their communications InIi:ina Iionrtliolilcrs. We finl the following in tlie Journal of Commerce of tho Gth int. We copy it as additional evidence lit that which we have already presented, to 6how certain Whig editors that they have been mistaken in the ground they have assumed in relation to the subject. We are indisposed to continae trur remarks at present, further than to express fcgret that tlie State creditors eeefct so much opposed to any measure trf compromise ; for without seme compromise, we Confess we can at present anticipate no ways or means for a speedy resumption of thy payment of the State obligations : Indiana. Tt has been extensively published that the holders cf Indiana bonds in this country and Europe, (to the amount of six or eight millions of dollars,) had, through an agent, made a formal offer to the Governor and Legislature of Indiana at its recent session, to tike a new stock bearing only three per cent, interest; in payment and satisfaction of the eonas how uem oy mem, ana winch draw five per cunt ; and it is stated that the agent proposed to fund the four years back interest due on the bonds, and the interest coming due up to 19-13-9, at which time interest on the new stock was to commence. These statements are liable to do great injury to the bjna fide holders of Indiana bonds, and also to the credit and character of the State of Indiana. We have the best reason for saying that nc? stich proposition has been made to the Slale of Indiana, by authority of the original and bona fide bondholders in Europe, and that they have had no agent for any such purpose at Indianapolis, during the session of the legislature which has just closed. Nor do ve believe that any such au'hority has been given by the holders of any considerable amount of the bonds in this country. The bondholders in Europe have at different times memorialized the Governor and Legislature to d something for their relief, at the earliest practicable moment ; but this is a very different thing from Dffcrißg to reduce the rata of interest to three per cent. '.- It should be borne in mind that the bonds of Indiana are held chiefly in Europe, where they were 6old at aa early . day, and, though drawing only five per cent, interest, commanded a high price in tlie market. Next to Ohio, Indiana was regarded as the best of tlie Western States, looking to the producta, position, character and population of the Siate : and "iany who purchased them at tlie high prices which they readily commanded before the State made default in the paymcnt of t.iterest, have continued to hold them to the prf-sent-timr in the confident expectation cf ultimate ability on the part of the State to pay the whole. It ii not at all probable that such persons have any thought of making steh a proposition of compromise. M " V b 'rr'"-' " ""7 able to befir, and which, ill their üpm.on, tha charactor and position of the State do not call for. anu subjecting inemseives to a loss which they are ill 11. I -i'l V .i Ua the same subject, we find tlie annexed in the N. Y. .Morning tfews of the flh. The "Tribune," we need not remind our readers, has for a long time assumed a tone of the rajst virulent abuse towards this State, for "which, we have no doubt, it has been veil pail. The News observes : Our contemporary, (tiw Tribune,) after making repeated fils2 statements in relation to the proposito.i fraudulcmly mads to Indiani in compromise of its r "7, Za V r - 3 ... j ci bond holders receded from its position, and acknow-! ledged ls misapprehension of the whola affair. With characteristic pertinacity, however, it adheres to its ' - . . I rcma A Sensible Whiff! The Lebanon, Ohio, Star, an inveterate whig paper, docs not talk so foolishly as its brethren in this State, in relation to the postponement of the electien of U. S. Senator. Tlie Star says "The Locofoco Lieutenant Governor of Indiana refused to permit the Legislature ti fo into an el. rtlun for Senator this winter. ISotvsuli- iidin the indiznation id" uu Whi brethren of the press "ainst this act, we are bound iTr tS.V," 5 V" 5prdp" h ' -f P1 I Indiana. A mnj-irny of them votm fur tire nmiexa tton of Texas, f.,r the eiteHxion or r-Uveryajainst the fiij-tributinn Tf t!ra proceed of the public lam! for all tha Lx-iucn measures and acninst all the Wliiv IT ll.ere.fure, juu elect a Whig knntor, lie will .Sppit WUit principles, and defeat the will or the m;.joritr. j But, if n.ere is any doubt 9 to the wihs ur Indiana in ; re ird to these gr;at mert.ures, submit them sniii to the 1 . I.. ,1 'n, . .1 ' , . , r. , irsiiiin at inn ihiiii. iiie-w iriin 11 iiiniuinw in aw 111 vi nie utjimaiBinnwri ire taken as a-a evurcTice ol a Vlion-e ol nenlimt-nt ; if not, a L.ocofoc-0 majority will end a locofoco to the Senate, and the voice of the majoiity will be respected. If Ihe people prefer Lecoloco policy, let them nave if, tnd they teilt hate it in the end if craned in their desires. Wo are in favor ol cramming it down t haiir f ttritnta lltitit !iL' it tt't-.n. lit... i . . . I. a : I 11 I - I - !. IUH.HI I, FIVIKIII llllll PIUIlllll.il. nd ami) like n.af medicine, it lorce. oP. unbidden, all i the abominations of their inner man. Pour ildown them, I l!n SIL YlrJ re-itl,riS,rnd " d,,Jr Ma w,,wn UlJ j wmI or lustily to be delivered from iu effects. Kevcrs the question. Suppose the Whi- had a ! majority r the filiate of liidiaiia and the Locofoco a ' m.tjoinj in me nun Biiiii:ieui in tieri in a joint vote, and that at the Presidential election 31r. Clay had received a majority equal t Mr. Polk, we ask would the Whig Senile, undr auch circumstances, go into an election and tliu set a.ido the clearly expressed wishes or the people? If the Indian VVhis want a Whig Senator let them go o to work anil revolutionize the State. First mai;e the State Whig, and then, and not till then, will alio be entitled to a Vhi Senator." Michigan Senator. General Cass was elected U. S. Sona or for Michigan on tlie 4th inst., in place tf r r . ... . . iur. I'orteh, whose term will expire on the 4'Ji of March next. He received the vote of all the democrats of the House, and all but two of the Senate. C3"A sixth trial for the election of a Mayor of Eoston has been unsuccessful. The Whig and Native vote hu increased ; the democratic fallen off a little. The ushtiUe Union, which has recently been put under .the editorial arrangement cf the Ion 0. A. P. Nicholson, has been greatly enlarged and improved, and 13 now one of the ablest newspapers cf the West. CIt is presumed that a certain person, morally acd politically defunct, who recently edited the State Journal, hsj-esumcd the editorial management of the New Albany Gazette, one of the most filthy papers in this State. Another evidence of the ' fitness of CyThe New Castle Courier confesses the untruth and injustice of its charge against Gov. Whitcomb, butso-ir from repenting of if, reiterates its ungcutlcmacly imputations. His malice, however, we consider too impotent -to ke worthy of more than a passing notice. -r Cr-Many newspapers seem to be printed principally fjr tbe purpose of advertising quack medicines, and prospectuses of mammoth weeklies or monthly magazine. What an immense quantity of paper is wasted intbit coan'ry ! ftr-The people the Democracy of Ohio are alrea-1 dy rising againat the federal bank bill recently passed by the legislature. Meetings are being held and inBigiiciii nwiuuviis ou-'ivu uuiiuum.iw- um urewuis. i

ininjr errors, and Will vicld tiiem onlv one bv ure or ,aKe ,nc ,ePu"8,u,l,,J 01 ,nc eieas

one, as u Decoms laoor;ous y instructed in the mat- , , .. . . " , : . ' T. - tJ , V I would unite with the Miuthein detiMKTiry and carry the mrater. It is an olj saying and a good one, "when you ,ure br a lar-er mijj.ity ih .n that by wh.ch it passed the know nothing say nothing." H..us in its present shape. After all. we sincerely trust

-.a . . 1 Mi f h llnncj IK h 1 1 . A th.m ntir' n. .r Kri njmri w

?Iorc Good TVctvs. ' T.e Postage BUI passed ihe Senate. We are highly gratified to be able to state that the reform postaga bill pasfel the U. S. Senate, on the 5th, by a vote of 38 to 12- No measure was more

imperative! demanded by the public interest, convenlence and weirare, and though the present bill may be imperfect in Borne respects, it Oeverdiek must be Kittr Viin tl.rt Trarr 1-iir fi vfrv drxwrl ronton ,7" , l ki i that " r0uld nCt Fos'iWy be made worse. . If the new . . bill does not answer niblic expectation in every respect, it can be easJy amended. The mam features of the' bill,' as engrossed, are given" by the N. Y. Journal of j Commerce m follows. 1. All single latter?, witheut regard to distance, fchall pay the uniform rate T postage of five cents. 11. Every lettter weighing mure than half an ounce shall be deemed a single ltttrr, no matter how many pieces It may contain, and if weighing one ounce, shall be deemed double, and so en. 3. Members of Congress to receive and send tetters free, all the tear round. 4. No one else to frank, except Ex-Presidents and tueir widows. 5.. All letters and packet?, itc, which pass free through the .mail, and all Government postage tobe paid tor out cf the 1 rcasury. 0. Newspapers to go txt of the mail, without sub jecting the slenders or carriers to any penalty. 7. Private posts for cartvin newspapers to be all'trcd. 8. All deficiencies between the revenue of the Department and tlie expense (limited to f ur and a half mill.ons) to be raid out of tlie public Treasury. The danger is, that the five-cent postage will not break up private expresses on' the principal routes Eut it will be seen tat, th?ugli nominally five cents, the posinge is not two cents : for three letters ci.n be put under a cover, of halt an ounce. Again, the bill imposes heavy penalties for aTiolation of the law.' The N-. Y. news observes : " Incomplete as is the Eill wfAch lias 'passed the Sen ate for the reduction of postage, i ie Vet a measure of inappreciable value,- snff.cient in its self to surnalizc the avssion of Congress which will have-given it to the country. We trust that the IIou e of Representatives will pass it - prumptly, tolcdim rrrii, as it has gone to them from the Senate. Leave amendments to the future. It is enough for the outset to secure so much. Let it not be endangered by Sending it back to the Senate. These three great and noble mcarures parsing at the present scss.on : 1st. The Annexation of Texas ; 2d. The Occupation of Oregon ; 3d, The Reduction of Totage ; will make the 23th Congress an tra ia tlie history of tlie country." milfoil XJrown's Texas Resolutions. We extract the following paragraphs from an article in the Nashville Uniou of Feb. G. The opinions expressed by the Union, correspond precisely with those expressed by ourselves in the Sentinel of tlie samedite. "There i a future in Ihe reolutfon, however, which mar pieveut several Northern democratic Si niton f r. m uppoiting them. We allude to the adoption of the Missouri compromise line as applicable to the netion of sliteijr in tbe territory. Br leferrnce to the map it will be seen thl a vriy small poition uf the tenllury lies Noith of 6 doz. 30 minutes. Vnt fear is tlut n this point an influence may be bmught to "PP"1 t beat which wi:l drprive the measure of the vera I democratic Senatois from the North. In tbe House, it will be remembeitd, theie werr 28 democrats who voted against the proposition, anJ their opposition was based upon this featuie. It will be recollected that when we first announced the uew position of Mr. Foster, we said tee should rrjoice to tee hit resolutio n adpttl, bur depiecaied his remark that he would vote for no projositinn which did not contain the con'Htton of his resolutions. We had our ejethen on this d.fficultj, , j we f.rel confess ,hjt we cannot now tee the wiy clear for the removal of the obstacles siigted. Relyin2 ujn the assurances of out corropondriits on the spot, we hare cherished and expressed strong ho(-s i, I the surctss of the meaure, but when we calmly look over the ground we ate full of doubt fid apprehension. We should rejoice mo t heaitily in the adoption of Ihe House lesolutions, as wt should in any scheme which will put Ihe question to test. , If the House resolutions are rejected in the Senate, an impoitant enquiry aii-e cn no other plan be adopted Uur deliberate judgment i.th,jt tbeie is more hope of Ihe succces rf a plan which will make a more eqiul division of the territory betweou slave and non-slaveholdin;. Such a piopoMtiou we helieve would command ihe entire dctnociatk vote in Ihe teilst this would lequiic the vo'es if four i whl Senat ns to 'ciry the measure. Mi HcnJcison M Senatfts to c.ry the measure. llenJerson i!l prt,abir vote for It the two Louisiana Senatois te W itiucted-this would biiuu the Senate to a tie, and then the to Tcnnessie Stnatoi w.uU have eith- r to pas the mea--1 k. -i . r . i j r . that our tears as to ihe I .e ot t:ie House res luiiotis aie unfounded and thit we shall have cause tu make the acknowledmmL lV:ib:isIi Express. Thos. Dowling, Esq., has disposed of his pecuniary interest in the Wabash Express to David S. Donaldson, ; Kq., by whom he paper wal be hereafter edited. In his retirement Mr. Dowling will carry with him the best wbhe3 of tlie Editorial fraternity of Indiana, of which he has been for fi teen years a distingutslied . , J member. They will not fail to remember that, how muchsocvcr they have differed with him in matters - , ' i .1 11 of P'1111"1 Piplc or opinion, üiey are generally indebted to him for tlie promptitude wh.ch has ever marked his endeavors to sustain and contend for the .-.. r , . dignity and just riiits of a profession second to no w w m ! ... omer in unporuLCc in uns cuu.iuv, uui uincu, r in imparlance in through the negligence of those engaged in it to cultivate a proper esprit du corps, has been essentially degraded. The best we can wish' hi successor, Jlr. Donaldson, is that he may prove himself equal in all . . HT Tl Jf .1 . 1 . 1. .1 respects lo Mr. Dotitnj. and that he tuay have the pleasure of plucking more of tlie roses, and avoiding more of the thorns of the life editorial, than has - fallen to the lot of even his comparatively fortunate predecessor, A few of the Whig editors of this Siate are puffing and Wowing at a great raic afcut Mr. Defrces, and what wcntfcrs his connection .with the State journal will probably work. They may be right; and wind is a very cheap commodity'; for Whiggery has never been able to taxit, ."Eut if .tfc recollect rightly, these same editors were quite 'as liberal with their puffs of a certain ether notorious person, who " wa prevailed upon by liberal offsrs.to take the editorial charge of the State Journal somo ".two or three years since. How did hs answer their expectations, and trAcye is he now ! Can any of thetn tell ! 07A new cotton factory is about being put in operation in Cincinnati, to be worked by steam power. It will contain about 10,0C0 spindles, besides other necessary machinery, and is estimated to be able to make 40,iXX) yards of shirting per week, or about two million yards per annum. MrjRDtB. Weleara that about two weeks 6ince a man by the fame of E. Ca -ion, residing near Cynthiana, in Harrison county, shot his father. It appears that the father and ton had a severe quarrel, which ended in a fight. The father threatened to kill his son, and went to the house for his gun. Tlie son also went for his. They met behind trie house and both took aim at the same moment. Tlie father's gun flashed : the shot in that of the son's took fatal effect near the heart of his father, who fell, exclaiming you have killed me." The mother of tlie deceased was the only witness of this horrid deed. Inauguration Balls. There are to be two Inauguration Balls at Washington on the 4th March, one, managvd by .lemocrats, the other by Tyler office hold ers and seekers and wh.'gs. ihe matter is creating quite a war of words in papers. , - T. W. Dorr. The Legislature of Rhode. Island adjourned on Saturday. Öne of their last acta was to refuse the petition of Sullivan Dorr, for leave for himself and his family physician to visit his son in prison. " New Fashion. The Ire makers of New York have started a new style of drese3 very high in the neck, to which they give the name of Onderdonks i ney rej;urc cisinp v mane tnem set wen.

COXGRESS.

3Ir. Benton's new bill for Texas Annexation. The Committee oa Foreign Relations having j reported against tl.e resolutions fur annexation wlwch j plsSed the House cf Representatives, on the ground cf their constitutionality, Mr. Kenton on the 5th noticC3 jn our Mt paper, introduced a new -,i . t t -11 t?.i i pm, nica appears 10 avoiu au oujccuoi.s uaiever. We frurn Globc tho blli of M ponton, I J i tf,-rf.th-r ! A Ms remarks nn it i introduction. Tl.ev reaj iB;crcst and pleasure, manifesting as tliry do, the profound Knowledge and statesman? 'Iiip of thoir author. If we are not greatly mistaken, those who have so hastily condemned the course of .Mr. Ecnton on this measure, will find in the end, that, as in all the important questions which have agitated tlie public mind for tweaty-five years, iin is right. It now seems to be a conceded point that no other Texas proposition as yet made, can pass the Senate this C33;.on except it be Mr. Beaton's. Read his remarks: Mr. lihr lUJi remarked that the committee on Foreign Relations having reported yesterday upon the mbject of annexation, which brought back all the propositions before the Svtiate, 1 asked that the bill submitted by him a short time back be taken up for the purpose of enabling him t5 withdraw it from the iiatc, ar.d to submit another in its p:a;c. The bill was accord. ngly .taken up, when Mr. Ecnton, on leave. Withdrew it, end eubm.tted the following in lieu thereof, viz: .J CtLL to provide or the mnnnation cf Texas to tfn United Statt s. Be it enitrt'.d bit the Senate and House ef JleprcseKtatires W the United Slates of .Itncrie in Congress assembled, 1 lint a Slat to be lormed out l tlie reiellt republic ol I cans, with suilabl ritent and boundaries, and with two Krpreselitatiies in Congress until the next iiiortioiitniit of representation, shall be admitted into the Union by virtue of tin act, on an equal footing with the exisii.ig Slates, tii noon as the terms and conditions uf am h ad mi.ion of the remaining Texan territory to the United Slates shall be arred npon by the government of Texas ami the United States. Src. 2. And be itfurtfier enacted, That ihe sum of one Ii nd red thousand dollars be, and the S.-'iie is liervbr, at-iiroprl itcd lo deiray tlie expensea i Hussions and negotiations to ngrre upon tho trrms of :iid ndmission and cession, either by treaty, to be nimmt d to the Si-nnt, or by article lo be suhtiiiiu-d lo l!ie two llousts of Congress, as the President may direct. The bill liaving been read Mr. Benton iid he would avail himself ,' of the indulgence of the Senate to slate tho reasons which induced him to offer it. It was a copv, he said, 6u!siantially, of the bill which he had previon.-ly oifered, with the omission of all the terms and conditions which the bill contained. He hid been induced to omit all L.cse cond.tions because ot the dithcultv ol agreeing upon them, and becsuse it was now clear timt whatever bill was passed upon the subject of Texas, tlie execution of it must devolve upon the new President who had just been elected by tho people with a view to this object. He had confidence ia Mr. Folk, and was willing to trust the que tion of terms and conditions to his untrammelled d.scretion, certain that he would d ) the best he could for the success of the object, the harmony of the Union, and the peace and honor of the country. He had. therefore, withdrawn all the terras and conditions which his previous bill contained, and ouly retained its cardinal features, namely the admission of a Texan Stain by law, the cession ot the remaining lcxnn iCiritory to the United States, and the adiu:t:ncnt of tha terms and conditions of this admission and cession by envoys, or commissioners, subject to the confirmation of the two governments. Tnis 6eemed to him to be the natural, practicable way of proceeding, and was certainly the most respectful to Texas. Ihe Joint Kesolution 6ent up from the House of Representatives, was nothing but a proposal, and a proposal clogged with conditions, and limited as to time. IF it passed both Houses of our Congress, it might be rejected by Texas; and then the process of making proposil would have to commence again. Leg.slative proposition, interchanged by two Legislative bodies, sitting in two different countries, at the d. stance of near two thousind miles apart, was a si jnv way of coming to conclusions ; and, unless some more practicable method was adopted, the annexation of Texas might be looked upon as an event deferred for years. Commissioners, or envoys, to discuss propositions face to face, with a right to give as well as to take wilh power to yield as well as lo demand can alone be competent to the su:ce3iful termination of such a business, lie therefore adhered to that part of his former bill wmch proposed to send ministers to settle the term of annexation. The occasion (said Mr. B.) is an extraordinary one, and requireb an extraordinary m.ssion. Te voluntary union of two independent nations is a rare occurrence, and i J.vorthy to be attended by every circumstance which lends it dignity, promotes its success, and makes it satisfactorv. When England and Scotland were united, at tlie commencement of the last century, no less than thirty-one commissioners were employed to agree up;n tie terms ; and the terin.i th?y agreed upjn rece;ved the sauction of the Parliaments of the two Kingdoms, and completed a un.on which had been in vain attempted for one hundred years. Extraordinary missions nationally constituted, h;te several times been rcsjrted to in our own country, and always wilh public approbation, whether successful or net The first Mr. Adams sent M irshal!, Gerry, and Pmkney to the French directory in 171)3 : Mr. Jefferson sent Ellsworth, Davie and Murray to the consular government of 1600 : Jlr. Madis.di sent Adams, BayarÄ, Gallatin, Clay and Russell to Ghent in 1314. All these missions, and others which might be named, were nationally constituted composed of eminent citizens taken from each political party, and from diirercnt section of the Union; and, -of course, all favorable to the object for whicli they were employed. An occasion ha3 occurred whicht in my opinion, requires a mission similarly constituted as numerous as the missions to Tari or to Ghent and composed of citizens from both political parties, and from the non-slaveholcing as well as the slave holding States. Such a commission could hardly fail to be successful not merely in agreeing upon the terra of tho uniois bt it. agreeing upon terms which would be satisfactory to the people and the governments of the two countries. And here to avoid misapprehension and tlie appearance of disrespect where the contrary is felt, I would say that the gentleman now in Texas a the charge of the United States, is, in my opinion, eminently fit and proper to be one of the envoys extraordinary and ministers plenipotentiary which- my bill contemplates. The bill which I now propose (said Mr. B.) is brief and plain, but comprehensive and elfectuil. It proposes to admit 0113 Texan Slata to obt tln a cession of the remaining Texan territory and to settle the terms and conditions of the adm.sion and cession by the usual and practicable mode of negotiation. The admission of tlie Suite, or rather its right to admission, is to be complete under tlie bill. It is to be admitted by virtus of the act ! so that no future legislation will be necessary for that purpose, and tlie possibility of e. Missouri controversy will be entirely avoided. The admitted State is to have all the rights of the existing States from the moment of her admission, not only theoretically, but practically ; for the b.ll fixes her representatives in the federal Congress and avoids all delay or debate upon that point it says nothing about Senators, for there the Constitution alone is sufficient: it both gives ths right to Senators, end fixes the number. To Representatives it gives the right, but leaves it to Congress to fix the number. This bill fixes it, and gives to the first Texan Stale two members number to which her present population will entitle her, an 1 which will be sensibly increased before the process of admission can be accomplished, and doubled or trebled before the new apportionment under tlie census of 13Ö0 can be extended to her. , . A State of proper size being formed, the cession of the remaining, icxan territory u me unuca oiaics becomes indispensable; and here the Joint Resolution from the House of Representatives . is essentially! defective. . It. admits the whole republic of Texas as one State, and provides no means of reducing her

limits without her consent. In fact, when once admit- Axxkxatiox. Messrs. R. T. Duulap, Hannibal ted as a State, she never can be reduced without her Hamlin, Joshua Herrick and Benjamin White, democonscnt : tlie Constitution of the United States forbids ( crats, representatives of Maine, have, it is said, writ-

it; and the equilibrium ol our system will not admI ol sucn overpowering preponucranco in any one member of tbe Union. This is not. a. new point in our history :I it has occurred before, and has been decided." The early history of our confederacy is full of instruction upon it. Many of the States at the close of the revolution were found to be too large for

the safety of the rest, antl the most persevering efforts were made to reduce them. As early as 17s0, they were called upon by the Continental Congress tofreduce their limits, and cede their surplus territory. Some yielded readily from feel.ngs of harmony and conaliaticajthose feelings being rather stronger then than thin they are now. Virginia ceded gratuitously all her territory beyond the Ohio river. Connecticut did not cede for tweuty years, and then got two and hclf millions for her small claim on the thorc of Lake Eries Georgia held out until 1802 and then got a niuiion and a quarter in money, five millions cf acres

or land scrip, and an obligation to extingnisli Indian titles and remove Indians, which has cott tens of Indians, which has n.iIhoa, for the territory alone winch form3 the smtrlc State cf Miosis iioni. It required the most persevering exertion, as we all know, aided by the kindly spirit which then prevailed, and tlie overpow ins necessity to provide for the revolutionary d.bt, to obtain from tlie great States the contraction of their limits and the cession cf their surplus territory to tlie Union. ..Our ancestors accomplished the work, and th?y took care as they believed, to guard against tha like dinger in all titnc to come. They took care, at once, and in the very acts of cession to fix tlie number and extent of tho new S:ate, making them of proper number and size, so that the dinger of overshadow. ng States, to predominate in the House of Representatives, or of nill ones, to rule in the Senate, was equally avoided. This was wise: it was a necessary precaution against future dangers and difficulties. And shall such an example be lost upon us ? Shall we voluntarily throw ourselves back into a coud.tion far worse than Üiat from which our fathers, wi.h so much care wisdom, patriotism and even nuney, succeeded in extricating us! Texa U far larger than the Northwestern territory ; yet our ancc-tors would not risk tlie danger of a single Mate there, nor even of a mtrliilude of small ones : they wisely fixed the number of the whole, and the extent of each, so as to avo.d tL5 dacger of both extremes. Gentlemen suppose that Texas will voluntarily reduce her?i If: it is a su;jposition contrary to all human experience. But suppose the does; what tlitm! Consequences immediately result .which it is impossible to encounter. By the Joint Resolution Texas is to keep her lands, and'pay her own deb s. These lands wduld lie within the htm s of the reduced State, and are covered by Indian tribes. To pay her own debts out of thee lands would, therefore, involve the administration of a land system in a different Stat, or in a territory belonging to the United States. It would also involve the management of Indian affairs in the State or territory where Ind.an tribes held the lands. All this would be impossible. Nobody could think of .uch a thing. State quarrels, Indhn wars, distraction and confusion, and the involvnicnt of the United States in the ditficultics that would ensue, would be the inevitable consequences of such protrusion of State authority into another State, or into a territory, and among the Indian tribes. Htduction of limit would be about as calamitous as retention of limits ; it would lie for Texas to decide which calamity she would infi.ct; for the United S.ates would not even have the poor privilege of chousing between them. All would be at the option of Texas. .. I say this upon the assumption that Texas would accept our proposal, and come into the Union upon tlie terms cf the Joint Resolution : but I have no idea that she would do any such thing, except for the purjnse of prescribing her oicn terms as A? price of reducivg her limits and relinquishing her claims to her remaining territory. By the terms of the resolution she is to surrender her custom-houses her main source for money and pay her debts out of lands which are in tlie hands 01 the tormidaole Camanches, and other savajre Indians, and which will cost their value in. money, and more than their value in blood to obtain from these Indians. She never can accept annexation on such terms, except to make her own terms afterwards for the reduction of her limits and tlie cession of her remaining territory ; and that is tlie precise reason why the L rated Slates should settle these terms beforehand. I do not dwell upon the other objectionable features in the Joint Resolution ; tut it is impossible to over look the defect in relation to naturalization. Ve . 'ii- . .1 - t n m may D3 willing to receive me peopie 01 lexas as aliens, 'living within one of our States, end trust ourselves to naturalize them hereafter ; but in a matter sj essential to their rights and honor, they may wish it settled beforehand. Ihe Joint Kesolution is silent upon this point : commissioners, under the plan I r ro::-ose, can settle it : and without a settlement of that point, or power to settle it I should deem it useless to send our proposals to Texas. In withdrawing from my bill tlie terms and conditions which had been proposed as a basis of negotiation, I do not withdraw them from the cons.dcration of those who may direct the negotiation. I expect them to be cons.dered, and, as fir as judged proper, to be acted on. The compromise principle between slave and non-slaveholding territory is sanctioned by the vote of the House of Representatives, and by the general voice of the country. In withdrawing it from the bill, I do not withdraw it from ths rvnsider ation of the President : I only leave him free and untrammelled to do the best he can for tho harmony of the Union on a delicate and embarrassing point. The assent of Mexico to the annexation is judged to he unnecessary, but no one judges her absent to a new boundary line to be unnecessary : no one judges it unnecessary to preserve her commerce and good will t and, therefore, every consideration ol scif-inte: est and national policy requires a fair effort to be made to settle this boundary and to preserve this trade and friendship ; and I shall consider all this as remaining just as fully in tlie mind of the President as if submitted to lam in a bill. The bill which I now offer is the same which I have presented heretofore, diresled cf its conditions, and committinjr the subject to the discretion of the President to accomplish the object in the best way that he can, and either negotiate a treaty to be sub mitted to the Senate, or to ajrree upon articles of union to be submitted to the two Houses of Congress. I deem this tlie best ttay of proceeding under every aspect It is" the safest way ; for it will settle all questions beforehand, and leave no nest egg to hatch future' disputes. It is the most speedy way; for commissioners conferring face lo face will come to conclusions much sooner than two deliberative bodies sitting in two different countries, at near two thousand miles apart, and interchanging categorical propositions in the shape of law. It is the most satisfactory way ; for whatever such a commission should arxree upon, would stand tire best chance to be satisfactory to all parties of the Union. It is the most respectful way to Texas, and tlie mode for which she has shown a decided preference. She has twice sent envoys . extraordinary and ministers plenipotentiary here to treat with us; and the actual President, Mr. Jorics. his authentically declared his will.ngness to cnUfc in future negotiation. Ministers sent to confer and agree to consult and to harmonize is mcch more respectful than the transmission, by mail or messenger, of an inflexible proposition in the shape cf law, to be accepted in the precis Words j which we send it. In every point of view, the mode which I propose seems to me to be the best ; and as its execution, will devolve upon a President just elected by the people with a view to this subject, 1 have no hesitating in trusting it to him, armed with full power, and untrammelled with terms and conditions. The debate was continued by Messrs. Berrien, Morehead and Bagby, in favor of committing, and by Messrs. Walker, Rives and Colquitt, against 'that motion. The question was finally decided against committing by a vate of C2 to 23 ; a favorable result. The aye3 and noes were as follows : Yeas Messrs. Barrow, Bayard, Berrien, Clayton, Crittenden, Dayton, Evans, Foster, Francis, Huntington, Johnson, Mangum, Merrick, Miller, Morehead, Pearce, Phelps, Porter, - Rives, Simmons, Upbaui, White, and Woodbridge 22. : . " Nats Messrs. Allen, Ashley, Atchison, Atherton, Bagby, Bonton, Breese, Buchanan, Colquitt, Dix, Dickinson, Fairfield, liannegan, Haywood, Huger, Jarnagin, Lewis, Niles, Sevier, Sturgeon, Tappan, Wslker, and Woodbury 23. Oa motion by Mr. Boston, the bill was then ordered to lie on the table, and be printed. ten a letter to their constituents, explaining their reabuna ur uuuji aaiuai vnv j'aajnjjc ui 111c luucAauuu bill. Their chief objection to the bill was that it secured the institution of slavery in nearly all the territory." They would have voted (or a bill that would secure a fair division of the Texan Republic as regards freedom and slavery.

Terrible Storm in the East The papers last received contain accounts of a severe snow storm in New York and Eastward. The railroads, stage roads, and streets were jreatly obstructed. Destructive fires occurred at the same time in New York and Albany, and it is supposed several vessels on the coast have been lost. We ropy a few particulars from the papers: Tut Late Skow Sturm, at New Yo n Incidents and Aciide-nts. Tlie tniiiendous snow storm, the -TVrls of which date for the laut two or three dt shut ff all Communication del wren New Vuik mid Philadelphia, is I I I I fc. r . ...

descrtlM-d by the New Vork paptrra aa the rererent mow ; utorm, that has visited that my lr years. It opened up. in ibem about 4 o'clock on luesa.iy niornin;. lUaex treme cold rather ol the previous data lud prepared the eround for it, o that every flake that Ml, was of use in filling up the streets. The innw was ai cotipnnifd by a jtle of wind lrm the E. N. C, which blew up plenty of drill, and m:-!o the walking horribly dsit-reeable. Throughout the entire day, ihe snow filled Ihe air to completely, that no one could aee to the distwee of two rods. Crondvrny, it ia said, was "etty will blocked up wilh snow banks; to the deptn of three or four feet iu some place. It ia stnted that on Long Island, snow has falUn to the depth of two feet, and drifted very much. In New York, it waa about Id inches deep, on a level, at 3 o'clock on Tuesday nip. lit. At an early hour on Wednesday mornirtf, as we learn by the llciald, the wind changed to V. iM. V., the clouds broke away, and the sun rame nut, making 11 look happy again on the face X1 Havf York, aftir a storm unequalled in eventy. The pale must have been severe nn the roast. We larn from the olTn ers of the vessels that arrived yestcrdav that it vta a perfect hurricane. The Iwenty.three new house in 2Gih Tect, New York, belonging to Commodore De Kay were injured by the jrale. The house had onlv their front and two sides up, Ihe rear wall not liaving let been commenced, which I caused the disaster. The wind had full sweep upon trie iront and siue wails as upon lue rails workmen verv forlunatolv bad left the 01 a 1 lie buildings at din- . ... . ner lime, and had not returned, finding ii too cold to work. Tlie Tribune oßiee and adjoining bpildinjs drjtroyrd. About 4 o'clock on Weditenday morbing, a'rerrljile fire was discovered tn be raging in the block of buildings cupied as the Tribune tahlin1iHieiit, corner' of yproee rind Nassau streets. Every effort was made by the fire coinpanie to muster tlie raging ele-nii-nt. but to no purpose, and in the course of a couple of hours after the first notice of the bhize, the Tribune newspaper concern, the periodical depot of Air. II. Graham, ihn bookseller and stationers' establishment of Jansen &. Dell, the liquor store occupied hv Mr. Kennedy, and the Cierman estab. lishtneiit of the Deutelte Scliru-llpoftt, a German journal published in that city fir the Idst three years, with it large stiM-k of hooks, Vc., were totally consumed with all they contained. Mr. Graham lost not only bis stork, but $500 in rash and his gold watrh, and narrowly escaped with his life by leaping nut of an elevaied window upon the deep snow beneath. ' A boy employed by him, who was asleep in the room below, folluwed Mr. G., but fell nn his head and was severely hurt. Jusl before relirin to bed. Air. G. had taken $475 and his gold wjiich from his drawer and had placed litem under his pillow, where they were destroyed. Air. G. estimates his total loss at about 2.500, and was not insured. Tito Tribune lost all their type, materials, &c, with a lsre quantity of paper, a great number of books of their tiwn publication, benidet their valunbte presses in the basement. AIesrs. Gieely and Mrttmth were insured fr $10,000, partly in the Wilhainsburgh and partly in the Trust company of that city. The presses alone in the basement cost upwards of $3,000, and the amount of their loss, over and abote insurance, is estimated at $18,000. There were several offices in the same building, among them that uf V. D. Pahner, General Newspaper Agency, Mid Ensign's Map Engraving establishment, and in no in so Was nny thing saved. The Germans, who had a ball in Tammany Hall, w hich adjoined the burned buildings in the rear, were alarmed in the midst of their revelry. Old Tammany gt a severe scorching. Some insurance 1 eflVted upon Iheso buildings, but nothing like the actual los. Kennedy had no inxiinince, and the Deutscht bneltpost very little. Jansen and Bell's loss is over $10,000; Greeley and AltEIrath's at least ns much. The origin of the fire is attributed to the negligence of a boy who, in kindling a fire in one of the rooms of the Tribune establishment, made use of a newspaper to promote the draft, which not only took fire, but took wing In some other apartment, and Set fire to a mass of papers, and as the petition walls in the interior were composed of wood, the progress of the flames was rapid in the extreme. 1 he pressmen were at work in the basement, and on being informed of the fire, rushed up stairs with water in buckets, but the flames had then made so much progress that they con Id do nothing. ' Owing to the great quantity of snow in the streets, the engines were long in reaching Ihe fire, and bj the lime thej commenced work ing the whola building was in flumes. FiRK at Albasv. We learn from Messrs. Livingston Sc Co.'s Express, that an extensive fire was raging at Albany as the Express left for this city. It was supposed to have originated in the Knickerbocker Hall, situated on the cast side of Droadway, between tbe Mechanics' and Farmers' Dank and the City Hotel, and h id already con sumed several large bnildings occupied by the following merchants: G C. Treadwell, fnr store. Chapman & Sargent, tobacco store, ßleeker & lioeart, hardware. Knickerbocker Saloon. Carpenter & King, merchant tailors. Boston Clothing Store. fJ-The Salem county Poor House (West Jersey) was burnt on Saturday Feb. 8, by a fire which originated in a chimney. The 100 inmates were rescued iu safely. Several of the Paupers were Lunatics, chained in their cells ! One who had been bound f r 20 yea rs ! was so ferocious that the citizens were afraid to touch him but two or three bold spirits knocked off his cliain, when he dashed off with Indian rapidity. He was subsequently re-taken with his fellow sufferers and put in jail ! The Post-office Bill. The Franking Privilege. In the dricussion in the Senate on tlie Post office bill, Mr. Buchanan advocated the abolition of the franking privilege He referred to tlie practice in England, where even Queen Victoria cannot frank a note. Members of Parliament," (said Mr. Buchanan,) " were called upon to forego a privilege for the sake of advancing a great public object ; and they agreed to do so. Will an American Congress ref use to do that which a British Parliament has done ia the accomplishment of a rreu.t advantage to the people 1 For mv own part, 1 find tlie franking privilege rather an incon-1 vemence than an advantage ; scarcely a day passes during which I am not asked for franks. Letters come to me under blank covers, very often from ladies; what am I to do with them !" " Take them to the 1U.UIV J vua say o,iu u w V 4V. Vll läVSl J X V9 (said Mr. B.) ' ami make my bow, I suppose." " You must either restrict the franking privilege, or keep up the high rates of postage. Fifteen thou sand deputy postmasters and both Houses of Congress retiming the franking privilege, will destroy the bill. He saw no fear of not keeping the offices well filed with competent postmasters without the franking privilege." Patents fob 1844. The annua) report from the Comissioner of Patents from the year 1844, shows that during the year 502 patents have been issued; that 539 patents have expired ; that JO 15 applications have been made for patents; that'SSO caveats have been hied; that the receipts of the Patent Office have in amount l 1,220, from which are to be deducted $10,040 repaid on applications withdrawn ; that the ordinary expenses of the office have been 21,228 U4, to which is to be added $2,07G 40 for library and agriculture, and leaving a net balance of 7,175 73 to the credit of the patent fund for tlie year, that $2,822 CG has been paid for the restoration of models, recarus, ana arawmgs, under me aci 01 luarcn. 1837 ; the number of applications for extension of patents was 12 ; two were granted and ten rejected ; seven patents have been extended since the act of 4th July, 1836 ; the whole number of patents issued up to first Jan. I84o, is 10,025. Bishop Oxperdoxk. Major Noah, speaking of the case of Bishop Onderdonk, says : What is the origin of this calamity ! High living. Tbe Episcopal church is too rich owns too much property, is two avaricious, and screws and pinches its tenants, to swell its revenues, and the money unjustly extorted from tlie citizens, works to the injury of rel.gton. Minis ters must have large salaries, great' perquisites, and live high ; the church can affird it, and they must have it. Good dinners and rich wine thicken the blood. producing impure desires then there is intrigue for place, and ambition for preferment; and all this arises from the church liaving too much money, and paying too high salaries. Enrich your churches make them elegant in honor of God, but let it always be borne in mind that the great master himself was poor and hOmble, indulged in no sensualities, and was meek in spirit ; he rolled by in no carriage, nor did he in dulge ih the luxuries of the table, or the pleasures of tlie wine cup. Those who believe in his divinity, and preach his doctrine, should endeavor to follow his example. ' The stock for a steam Cotton Factory at Charcrton (S. C.) has all been takeu.

Protective Tariff". The grand argument of all the advocates of a high protective " Tariff, is one addressed to the cupidity of those classes whom it proferscs to benefit, and in fact, its frier.da pretend that it benefit! all clesses. But such arguments, if only weighed for a moment, must appear utterly absurd, and in truth an insult to any intelligent community. If all are benefited alike if the prices of the farmer's produce, and the wages of the mechanic and others, are ra.sed in the same proportion, as the manufacturers goods, then all are just as well off as if there were no Tariff, and no better. If tlie price of a bushel of wheat is doubled, and the price of what the farmer "wants to buy with Lis wheat is also doubled, he neither gets more nor les with it so with tl e mechanic as to bis wages ; if they are doubled, and he has to pay double for his clothing, Lis provisions and every thing else, what better off is he! But has this been the cose under the present Tariff, or under any other high Tariff! Every farmer, every mechanic in the State, knows that it has not ; but that whilst the prices of goods have advanced, the prices of whea t, flour, pork, beef, tc., and alsj the wages of mechanics generally, ind even of the operatives in the very factories, where these goods are made, have been reduced. But to benefit nil classes alike, never has been enö. never can be the effect of any protective Tariff; and tu h never was the intent cf any Tariff law. The ;dca that protection," such as is afforded ly a high Tariff, can add any thing to tlie wealth of any country is perfectly preposterous. Its only pos-ible effect is to enable certain classes, or the prodtcers or manufr.c urers tf certain articles, to obtain higher prim for their goods than they could if the l.ke articles were imported free cf duty. And of whom do tl.ey get tlie higher prices ! Not from abroad or from other countries, for our tariff cannot prevent tlie importation of foreign goods where they can buy them cl capcsl. No! it is at h-jme, where these higher prices arc obtained it only causes the classes which consume the protected articles to pay more, o give more of the products t f their labor, for what tbey want cf such articles, than they would otherwise have to pay. N;nctenths and more of the labor, ar.d a large proportion of the capital of this country are invested or occupied in the product;on of articles, which it is impossible to benefit by a Tariff. How can ihe raiser of wheat, or the planter of cotton, or tl.e producer of any of our other agricultural staples, be benefitted by laying & duty cn wheat, cotton, end such articles as we can raise cheaper than they can be raised any where else! How are any of the ordinary mechanical trades to to benefitted by a tariff! We cannot send our horses abroad to be shod, or import our houses, nor .kend out of tlie country for common household furniture, or wagons, or ploughs. Such articles as are made by the great bulk of our mechanics mtt-t always be made at home, and mostly in the vicinity of where they are wanted. Our ordinary mechanics are in no more danger of having to compete with foreign labor, then the owners of our 6aw or grist-nnlls, that is, just in no possible danger at all. Jokx Jacoh Astos. Hunt's .Merchant's Magazine contains a memoir of the octogenarian merchant, John Jacob Astor.to whom the writer gives the scniewhat magnificent appellation of the Napoleon cf commerce. We take from it a passage or two. Tha voyasre of Mr. Astor to this country in 1134 waa marked by this characteristic incident: It is said that, in a storm off our coast, which threatened the destruction of the 6hip and crew, while the other passengers were lost in appreheusion, and r gardlcfs of aught save self-preservation, Mr. Astor appeared upon deck, arrayed m his best clothes. This excited some surprise, and when asked his object in discarding the more appropriate garb he had worn during the voyage, he replied "That if he escaped with Iiis life it would be with his best clothes, and if he perished no matter what became of them." Lurkily the storm passed over The growth of Mr. Astor's fortune is thus related I The treaty with Great Brtain, of 1791-5 removed the restrictions on our tredt with her Colonies, and surrendered Ihe above outposts, and then Mr. Astor, having tlie trade with tlie Canadas and with our west

ern country, boih op?n to his cuterprise, proceeded j rapidly to realise the fortune, the foundation cf 1 u hich was laid in more than ten years of thrift and patient industry, Bv the first vear of the present centurr he had amassed something like $25U,W-0. Forty-four years have Kincp elapsed. Ly the natural routse of accumulation, this sum would have amounted, at the end of such a period, to nearly $G,000,UUU; but, in Mr. Astor's hands, it has increased to nearer four t.mes that amount, for we should be moderate in estimating his actual wealth at $'J0,lK. 0,000. In 13t 0, tlie nan of thirty-seven could look back with satisfaction upon the career of the boy cf eighteen who under the shade of a linden tree, near his native village , had revived, on the eve of leaving his home for a foreign land, to be honest and industrious and never to gamble. Refcdiatiox. A great deal has been said during tlie last four years about the course Mississippi has pursued in reference to certain bonds, obtained fraudulently and in violation of the constitut.ou cf that State. In November last tlie Vice Chancellor of England gave a decision in the case of 44 Hux table versus the fctate of Illinois" wh.ch, it seems to us, covers the whole ground. The bonds, were irregularly sent into the market by Messrs. Wright &, Co., agents for llkno.s. We make the following extract from the London Spectator of the 16th of November last : " The Vice Chancellor observed, in giving judgement, it did not follow that if the State of Illinois bad repudiated the transaction, they repudiated in it in the offensive meaning intended to be given to that word, or that they had done w without reason ; for if the State placed bonds in the hands of the agents, with certain directions how to use; them, and they were improperly dealt with by tlie agents, it would be too muck to say, that the Slate acted dishonestly, because she refused to sanction vhal site had not authorized. lie thoucht the transaction a fair one on the part of the State." Presidential News from abroad. The New Orleans Picayune has made the following translation from a paper printed at Constantinople : " Of the three candidate;, says the Constantinople editor, "now seeking to be Cal.ph of America, two are men of remarkable ccdowments, and the other ia naturally popular in tlie Southern States. In the north, where there are fewer people of color, the struggle will be a close one between Mr. Klai and Mr. Tulk ; but in the south Mr. Birnee, he being a black man, will of course carry every thing before him. Should either of the former be chosen, it is underwood that tlie fnecds cf the other will hang themselves, in order to escape proscription a species of guillotine very much dreaded by politicians, and said to be an improvement npon the bow-string. In case Mr. B. should triumph, there appears to be no doubt that the whole white population will be put to the 6Word. Of course the success of either of the first named gentlemen wjl ensure th? de capitation of the negroes, and produce a foreign war as Great Britain has sworn to protect a race of people from which she gathers so much wool to pull over other people's eyes." Retcrx of the Exiles. Last Saturday morning, says the St. Albans Vl Republican, the quiet of oQrv little village was suddenly broken in upon by the, arrival, from the south, of thirty-eight of tlie Canadians, exiled to Van Dieman's Land for participation in the troubles cf 37. It i- nearly two years since,, the British pardoned their offences, and gave tliem liberty to return to their homes. S.nce that time they . have been at work to earn tlie necessary &uds to ena-v ble them to reach their own shores. They appeared healthy, well dressed, in high spirits, and spoke welF of the treatment they had received at the Handjs of theBritish anthorities. Two of them, on returning to.' their homes, where they expected to meet the smiles" and joyful tears of their wivi-Sj, found that these last' supplied their places with other lorchr " How are the MiGnTY fallex ! Many of our readers have no doubt read the panegyric upon Henry Clay written by Vhittieri the Quaker poet, in his$ younger days, eiLrtied 4 He is not fallen. They have . regretted too, thai the poet shouhl l.ave lavished hia.praise upon a subject so utterly unworthy of the Muse, and those whoare acrjtaintcd, with Whitticr's characterwill not be surprised to learn that he has addressed a letter to the Esiex Transcript, deprecating the further use of the poenreferredl to, in as much as it docs not express the sentiments of his heart in reference to the mora) character of Mr. Clay," Co-nsidebabee or a Dog. A Mount St. Bernard dog, weighing one hundred and Eixty pounds, was recently eold at Toronto fpr upwards cf $320.k"