Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 2, Number 45, Indianapolis, Marion County, 2 May 1843 — Page 1
S T A T E SENTINE L. PUBLISHED BY J. P. CHAPMAN T H E P R I V E r R E E i O M i s E T E R W A L VIGIL A X C K. G A .! P. CHAPMAN, EDITORS. n Vear in advance. INDIANAPOLIS, TIESDAV, MAY 2, isi:. Volume ii NiiiiiIm v 1T.
I N D 1 A N A
I nr. ST VTE SENTINEL
on HiAi'ii.'.''i S'reet, lit ffoUS. mi about t'.virc as mnrh general mtcrcT,as aay frVThr Rl ' lading matt. I other ni in I I Rt. I'v fi lot 11 1 a vear. always m advance, hi BO .te tuan oiii! number be e;it till th m net n - i- will receive dae aetata a few week latin of carh year N term, ml if 'tic pBJ mrnt r vaar or term l not advanced, the ta,-r will TMl rote will be adbemd t-. 11 -r7 1 ir. iec ivv fur ix months, ut. I I. it) cent alw:y in ndtance. will : received f.r three yeais ; or, three ent one vear for 1 he si trie. BUT), Will he in-cited tluee time at one doll ir ri-, uid be contmnrrl t thr rite ot 'rir- . Ouaiterlv adveitio- n n' - in-eitel at .! I ( if Ibe espi for a h 4M t p 'i-r tmueC lue do!) ir '.v fur t-if c m ml Five .: I s j 'i U . - ' a .piaie werk I; 3 1 'I l I nf S ' l i 1 1 ! a !v-r reim-, which -h All a-lvtrtuei IA, (it no .ittf ftT Imlage n ti-or-i will DC irrritnn ..tat u!d always be made in trritil rati from abroad must be i ut ion willhe naid to th in. i ig reed Bp m. nyanud frg .V BRITISH WHIGGER1 i . I mm i ili ir Bimrrrlty. I n- lit Sentinel says : we uesite i" that Mr. Whitron.l.'s pamphlet liall N w we ; r i- ' 'ho vent in ! . a it darr to accept the OrMM1-titm. th.it we will publish Mr. Whiteotob't papMet, it t ..i priftl will Inilfll Mr. Smith's to III C damns. Lei u Inn. Jrairal, ti ft. TUE OTHEH SIDE OF -FACTS FOR THE PEOPLE," I RELATION TO A " PROTECTIVE TARIFF, IJV AN IMll A.M .V ' B O. II. Smith. A ; i:nj!.i' t recently published end widely circulated in ihn time, evidently intaieJcd a political text book nt itMMj to the Tariff toli. v of iho Lratted 8uaes, has rrnd. rul it i!ii' lO tin' pOOpM of this t:ttf tint tlio eUwf de o that iiiiportant juetion nontd he fmr!v Blld cauilnlly ir'Mited to their r ni' r.ition. 'J'lmt pttbÜCStHMl, ly tin- Itaittt of tlie jMKkwn DvflMentic jurtv. I not colllj'laiiu-il of. arc uiatiln .1 to t' our oiltical O00Oin .its c ome out in the full kMU ol dnv with tin ir Portf Jo trim s, thai m i ropte may uinlrr-t.iinl them. The pnociplea ami policy now openly avowed, have I m eksrgöd wmem them by ua tor yram. anl the charge lias 1 1 . ii as otteti ili'uie.l. This is the lirt iim-, it i beÜOTOli, IE, the kwtoty ol Ilfiaaa, that a political party has r.n.si-d ML Mad fhin to i,p hrei .e a fli irweribed Wttfa the Free Trade doctrMca ptraclMsl ly Grrat Britem ami Soutk Uaro&Mi It ia, tkoroforv, due to ike leaden ol ihe partv that avow UtM polli j , us W 11 as to the pCOple, tint the twmeci h u'A be (airly preaeoletl on both aklea. Tke pampklrl ri fcrred to bareiag preaenled one sidn f tbia oearatioB, vrtth omo other matters, wo proceed t uive some thought ami facts on the other aide for the cooMdoi.itiou and MdbMtMH "f the people. It u lot pffopoaed to bBoii prreiaelj ike ereVi adopted !) MB vri!er of the pamphlet; we intend, hoivev.r, to -ot. obotaratially, Ike pwand occupied hv h ni to stue his projiositions l.urlv, ami It gie our views upon them candidly. c have no other motive than to sta'e the true MM betWOBO the parties, mi l to .-how BPOn Vfbicli side of Übt ÜM tlit AabffiClB policy In. ' w ii it is a r ii i n '." Tins ieatira ir put und Boewem m the pampUM to Mit the writer and the Bee fie mabee of his deHaitioa in ifi- arjiiinent. We an-wer, wifi n! financial writer . n the siil.je. t. that rt T ir.ll' is a fate of .jutv sta! Iis!.e.l on i apoata by law. '1 bat duty may be hiulo r or lower ; lesriad fat revenue, or for the prolertieo t4 AmesKan in i! i-try,oi lor BBth united. It may bl levied upon a boriintal a ! v iteieM scale, apply ingjth nmc r.ite of duty to ail imported articles indiscrimiuatcU ; or it ma be 'ev: d Bpra pttnetpjee of dierriBMBBlinB bctweea diScrrat articleSi as to ike iluts uaapeeed, cieuapting mat altogether lrom iluty, or it may be what is railed retaliatory, or COBBiBftKtMg foreign reatiictiooa, cvea In tke p-atnt i probtbitMM. Il is understood th it ti c writer of the panipblct, with the ret of the tree trade ackool of poUtacMoa, deny and repodiate ihe powers in uutaiiied by us. derived lrom the eOBMitntion and indicated m the definttiofl we kavc jut given, and contend, Fir-f I tut tlicre is no coustituliona! pnwct to pa-s t . pas any Tantl law that .hall include the roteCttOfl o nwricM ladaelry above the point abaulv'eiy Beceeeary I r revenue, or. in ike laBgBBgC of .ne of Ibeir most disBBfOJMknd men. " That if e .!; 1 not nerd money for l!orappwt of gOVernaMBt, mm should have no Tariff and ahenever the necessity ieaes, the Tariff should rea.se." SrCOudly That it would he inexpedient to exercise the power, if ere poaatae a, althmh i taniV for revenue iniht fall betoer tka point . t protection, and mi cenaeuna nee Thirdly. The free trade doctrtaee preaeked, bot aeeei practised by Ureal Britaaa and ssouüi Uoroliua, present Ike true policy of Ike Tinted States. The Whig, with the old Repobttera party, maintain ike COMtitBtienaiity and expediency of protecting American badaatry by lanff laws even abosre the revenue point, it it should be nacearary to go abetc that point; ami tbey reneafiatc the ltriiis!i flee trade doctrinca as beiM a mere delusion, and wholly unprartn. i!le. Have t.'.e constitutional power to mrtct a protectixro Tariff ahove the revenue point, it neressar ' What i uuderst ,d by proterti.-n ! It is a rigkt of wilf drfiaacti p .-si ss. d f. - u;di iduais in a elate of netore, and carried with them into MCMty, mod, tied only by the laws which are ihrowa at und them by the eorereign power. It is a right, in a national point of view, of defendinc the ieg, the hraor, the citiaena, the property, and the indoftrj of the rail n BgeiBBt the pokey and laws of nlhltl nati ns, as well eeaajaaasl force without law. The power t ms laws for the n ovrrntnetit of the people of a i.ation. u of hn;h r. roc itive, let the laws emanate from what BOBTCC ol power they aeay. The power ta lew impoeta ia incident t all n vernments povsessini: MvcrcijiJv, ai d witheut which power BO irovernment eeold I nc prosper; as it is the power .. sel.,!efcnce. all independent BatOMM miintain and exm i-e it (ireat H.itain exerc.se.l it tor betveif and h r volonies. and the Mates that torined t.'.e onfederaev, alter they tlir. w , ff iheir atkgiaaea IB the mother country, exercise, 1 n inaeaerattv. B u! w lien the t der i! eontituti n was formt I. the staes gave up the p wer to the Got eral (iovernment. and it was inserted in express trag Bf1 in the ronstilution of the United States; no one snaaetaaned a den he tut that the ncht to a lau iaa this power in the Baoat ample manner was aoaOBttal ta tiie proaperity of the people and the independence of the nation hence IB orjer t pea It BMCO I 'tficieiirv, and n NHJ Othei ehjaete to enable the (ienerai t.overiiment to prefeoct and promote the interests of the erhole, so far as the oterdea el this, with the ethei dehgatione of power, wouhl nahe her t. do, it was aipWalj granted in the con-ti-u'i IB, that IBB CrragttM shall have p .wcr to a an! Bofta t tax. s. duties, imposts, to regulate romuietce wi h K :cuu Baterae, c " w a i r s v t i m e w it aaaae 1 W e are aware that in these heated . ;tv üflMI asueTtiou ia not alwars ta'.en far pro .f. h,.,,c. mm pmrfm ta briag lef'e our felloBI eit.fna wÜBraw - who will doebtlcea ba credited by Ihem in supj-ort of our p siuon. W e shall n t !-e a''le to present much of the bratitnony in the brief space a. lotted to th:s side of the question ; MM whai we l . k in aaaantity, are will eaileaaor to BMke up in ajBality We n. ay ha pardoned foe sup;, muc, thai at :cum aeene f cur enteeaoca n.ii.t raauan not unfavorably wttk the Laders adfiAa ModtWl tue trade dcUMXreC) f India a. IMUlL X I sll I ru , w ho preai ej ,.! ake rnaiaalioo. "d who knew per hapa aswtll a any man that ever lived, the object of f ruling the i.w ronsutati n. in his first annual awaaege to C BMJMM Ml the Sfk I Jylv. 1 Jual. , - The sa'etv and BUtreat af the paophj require that thev shall pnaaote such manutaeturea as Irr.d to render them liulependeiit f ,:l.,rs to. .ssenti.UK " The lir.t act of CosajTSM BB t awbject WM appaeOtd by him. and its preamble derlar. s Wtaereao. u .. necessary f .r the eafarotl af traearat, tor the dMfharge ol the dohfOaf the United ate., and Baa rnr . it und p'otc'tioi if manufactures, th-t .lut e be arid on c ods. wäre, and merrh.r nÜM imparted iherelore." m Fhal great man. and hMMBaoBM of mankm i. POalinned ihrough h:s whole adannistraiion to encour"W.itt.r, by Jimes Vhltrom. Eq.. tend ve him. afrir 1 1 Ron n as tiier ran.iidate t'oj Governor, before the "Dome rtfk" CoavtBtioa It'.i at laducanolb. ia jinII r . 1 ut.
I succeeding administration of .Mr. Adaois. MR. jtrrresiov, Tlie aprtle of the old republican party, came into j, fleet in Mill, txirne on the current of popular opinion ; this whole subject in all its learinge was famih ir to him , Inar him testify. In his annual message in Ilecemher, IMS, ha laid down the fottowfog amoog the imperative duties ol government : " To cultivate peace anil maintain commerce and navigation in all their lawful enterprise, to favor our aWheriea as nurseries of navigation, and to protrrt iff BMBBhcf erica adapted to our circumstances. Hv continuing to make these the rules of our actions we shall endear to our countrymen the true principles af IBB constitution, and promote an union of sentiment and of action equally auspicious to their happiness and safety." At another time he wrote, " When a Ration imposes high duties M our productions, or prohibits lham altogether, it may 1 proper fur ua to do the tumr hj : i ?, first brudcniBJJ or excluding those productions winch thev bring here in competition with uur own of ihe same kind." The writer of tlio pamj h!et aays . "The lumea of W a.hiugton and Jeffereofl are sometimes claimed as tavorabtetoe Mifh pndt t e Taritf." Is it possible!! We sav that Mr. J efTeM -n net only goe to the point of j.rotet ti Hi by high Tarill". hut to the still higher point of exclusion," or prohibition in salt-defence, and by way ul toimlf lifting htraiga rmarijctiaaa. HB. M t i s. v Is a worthy witness . no mm can doobt h Iwlinonj on this qoeetion. He was conversant wuh every step of the Mvetatira its cause, and ihe desired abject ol a rhaatga of garafliBjant No man, at any period of our history , surpassed him in soundness I judgment, or in constitUtlonal learning ; ha vvas the avowed head, in his day, or ihe great Republican party ; the national vessel was leered nader hia direction through the perils of the list war, and his country's Sag, ia all its glorv, at the close, N I-. seen Streaming in the breeze from the mast-head ; hear him. In his first uu'ss-.;e to Congress, in May, 1S('., he said. The revision of our commercial laws pi pef, to adapt them to the ariangemeiit which has taken place with I Ireat Britain, will doubtless engage the early attention of Congress; it will be worthy at the time of their jiit and provident cr. to make such further alteration! in tha laws as will more especially Orelecf iW fatter t'r tevtral 'rtiicfics f tnunnftrturr." In his message of 181ft, he savs : There is no subject which can enter with greater lorce into the deliberations of Congress than a consideration ot the means to prritrn and BTeBiBfg file inn ufaetnrt Which have sprung into existence and attained an unparalleled maturity throughout the United Stiite.s during the period of the European wars; tki xoitrce t'f nutional ndeptH9CHte aWSi Uftmtth I au.cinutlij j rammend, thcrrßre, to the prompt end Hrict rtMrdfOJt' thip of Cottgrtmt. MR. MOM HOF. Sav in his inaugural address, M fJoj manufacturers will he.vie reouire the svstematic and I .-.enng care of government ; possessing, as we tlo, all the raw materials, the l'uit of our own soil and industry, we ouht not to depend in the degree we hive done, on the supplies from other countries; whi'c we are thus dependent, ihe sudden event of war uns, night and Bnoxpected, cannot fail la plunge us in the mo aeriotM dtfnenltiev. It i:. impoaiont. too, that the capital which nourih- our manu.'. l. lures should be domettic, and its inlluences in llut case htttaad of eih iiistin-z. as it may do in fureägn bmda, would be felt advantageously on agriculture and every other branch of indllrifj : rraaltjl important is it to provide a home mar. krt for our raw mat. rials, as by extending the competition it will enhance the price and protect the cultivator against the cvii ilne incident to foreign markets." Such was the lodgment of that wise and patriotic republican, Mr. M tiroe. Mr. Adams, his successor, held the same doctrines ; nil 1 it is a remarkable tact, that while the different chief in igi-trates ..f ibis nation have differed as to other gu .it matter, of pvbftC policy, with regard to the c nstitutionalily ami expedience of protecting American industry, thev have held but one language. S me of our readers may be ready to ik us whether tidier il Jackson agreed arith the o'hers in this matter; we know the potency of his name with many, arid it therefore gives us pleasure to a swer the tfUCOttOB in the affirmative. We give you ihe testimony of KBsaaai lacKaov. In but naaaaga af December, 1830, he savs: "The p wer to impose duties on imposts originally belonged to the several State. The rig' t to adjust these duties with a view ta encourage domestic branches of industry is so completelv identified with that power, that it is difficult to lupnoae the existence of the one without the other. The Biete have deb g Mod their whole authority aver imposts to the (ienerai (iovernment without limitation or reservation. The authority haciag thus entirely pissed fruit the States, the right to exercise it lor the purpose, f protection does not exist in them, and consequently, if it be not possessed by the Central 'iovernment it mil' hi extinct. Our political system would tints present ihe anomaly of a people stripped of ihe light to r their Own industry, and to counteract tin mmti telJSmh dtstruClixM mMeg which might be adopted by foreign natimn. This suiely cannot be the cose. Tins ind it pen suhlt tmwtf thus surrendered by the States, must be within tlie scope of the authority on the subject expressiv delegated to Congress." W'e shall for the present dismiss Gen. JarkeOfl as a witness, but will bring him to the stand to testily several times before closing tins side of the question. To the authorities cited, and to the witnesses already introduced, any number of the prominent men of the BatioU, as well as Congreos after Congress of the Republican school, might be added. Mr. ('lav has been referred to by the writer of the pamphlet as favoring a high Tarill. while he has omitted the rote of Mr. Van liuren for the high Tantf of 1838, called ly him the M bill of abominations." This does injustice t Mr. Van Huren. unless he his changed his opinions and fallen in with the British free trade doctrines, to reconcile the south to " the northern man wrh oontkcrii feelings." Having fatly sustained the constitutionality of a protective Taritf. W ask the reader to follow u into the question of th eapediewcy of the measure. It is good policy to lew imposts for protection, or in other words, snui wi moriiT ot n mtmoTBi The expediency of affording ample protection to American industry M maintained by the Whtgl of Induua, adboring to the !d Repubticaa doctrines ; while the leafier of the modem democracy af Indiana go for revenue alone, whether the industry af the Country is sufficient v protected I v the levy or not, foil rwtttg in the footstep of the Unti-h and Boerth Carolina free trade echoo) of politicians. The doctrine avowed and maintained by the whig petty is, that American legislation should fo-ter and protect American industry , while the leading modern democrats contend, thnt BO peotBCtiofl beyond the revenue punt should be afforded in any event, and. consequently, that our manufacturers, mechanics and artizans must remain rahjeet to the opeeatioa of Enrapera competition, w ith her pauper labor under freign legislation, against the free labor of America : putting our labor by necessity in order to compete with the foreign, at the starring prices pii J t Eorapcaa s.rfs. The whole policy of protection las M en as-ailtd by the pamphlet referred t . wilh an ingenuity end fertiiity of imwgioattra worthy . f a better csuse ; vet tn it little ran be found that is nw. The British pamphlrts and free trade essays af the south give ufijcit nt evidence thit the w riter does not stand alone as the amcipfe af this ratiAm ncan'doctrtne. but th' v preach it f r m to practice upon, while thctf keep up their reit' ictiont. W e will priceed toexantina some of the main poitvta in controversy I tie writer sets out vviin ine eaawmen porrfiea that tariff it a tax on imported articles, end that lAe ccr?fif;irr ,! MaM fax, and by taking this position as graatrd he mav readily arrive at tlie conclusion to xs huh he wiahee to cm. thai if we should import 1 00,- ( 00.000 of f oeign a.tic'fs in a year at an oeetage duty hn BUrm af 18 percent., of course the people have paid in the single year f88v8tKL088 . f a tax. beeidm the f , hta and barges on the imp. ris, he ;s then ena! led to cry out. it is thus that the Whigs are oppwBsiug you with their htgh tantf He is then f rep a red to show at once that direct taxation is the best mode t f raising t vtnue. because leaat expensive; and tndied, it may be aofoty affirmed that was it not for the unpopularity of the position, the whi le scl.o, I of ihrse leidn g free trade modern democrats would c nie out like McDutlie, Pickens, and Khe'.t. mi 8owth Carolina, in favor af d.rect taxation to ra.se re venae fir the General liovernmeni . for U they really lehwve that the consumer pays the duty, the next step follows oi course sr.d the efro moment you take from tKm this sandy foundation, thur vsh 1 upert:ucture of free tra-r fattw to the grcund.
a? and nrotert the mdnntrv of his rouritrvmcn. as did the
nor.s Tin. co.si sirn tat tiik mti Unquestionably, says the writer ol the pamphlet ; let us see. If thi were so why should tircat Britain complain of our tarilf If our citizens pay the duty, af what im- ( rt mce tt her is it how much they pay, so that her merchandize is not prohibited ' If the consumer pay the du-
ty, of w hat importance is it to u how high the rates are in tireal llritatn, so that our produce is not excluded Is I such the understanding of the two aattana ' If si. would ! not each look on with jK-rfect indifference while the one ! was levying high duties M her own subjects, and tlie oth- ' er bnnläning her own citizens with high taxes 1 u the contrary, is it not the univeisal understanding of a'l civiltaad nations that the restuctions and duties imposed by their tardr laws on foreign imposts operate in a very great degree against the producer of the foreign articles, and not against their own citizens or subjects ! The p siti ti that the consumer pvs the whale duty or tax, as a general principle, reverses the whole order of commerce, and strikes at the vitals of all imp ist. ; but it is nt true as applied to any other than imports of articles that neither corne into competition with d me.-tic arti le?, nor with articles admitted at a less rate of duty from abroad ; as the arucle of coffee, which is new duty tree when Mtponed in American bottoms; and lean that is d itihtcd, as there never has lieen any identity between the price of coffee an 1 the duty i but suppose we should send eofsae to Rio or Java, and then should be a duty levied upon it, where it would come in competition with the domestic article, would the consumer pay the duty , or would the producer pay it before hu could bring his article into market in competition with the lava or llio eoffee ' Illustrate the idea further, by taking an article from the Dnttsh Tariff which will be found under th free trad -head of this side of facts. Hams lrom the ltntish colonial possessions pay in '.reit Dri'.j:::: !hfS-.M!rth? ?f "cnt per pound duty, while Tinted Slates hams pay two and three-fourth cents per lb. duty. Thaae hams come into competition in the Liverpool or Manchester m nket. Would tlie British Consumer pay two cents per pound more for American hams of the same quality than he woulJ for the other, merely to sustain the theory that the consumer pays the duty, or would the Ameiicau producer pay into the U ritij.li exchequer the duty himself, before lie could sell his ham and the consumer eat it at the price he would have to pay for the colonial ham, prving two cents per pound less duty ' So thinks John Hull, and so il would Mem. The tame idea miy be illustrated by a grievance complained oi by the Indiana boatmen, through a legislative resolve at the last session, that their boats were taxed wharlage, and they hid (0 pay a license to sell their produre at the tow ns on the Mississippi. This was to be sure a tax, but leading modern democrats ol the tree trade school would say that the boatmen had no ground to com pleiB as the whole loss fell at last on the consumer of t'oproduce, and the boatmen in tad paid nothing. W e ask ihmM engaged on the river if they believe this doctrine ! Two vessels land at Liverpool at the same time, one is loaded with Hindostan, and the other with Carolina cotton ; the India cotton only pays eight cents perewt. duty while the Carolina cotton pays seventy-two cents by ihe British tarilf; the cotton is of the same ptalitv, to be sold in the same market ; who pays the sixty-tour cents per ri. the difference of dutv. the Uritish consumer or the American producer ? Would the British manufacturer give sixty-lour rents par cwt. more for the American arti-,-le. so as to pay the doty, than he could buy the India artij'e for ' No, says the leading modem democrat, but the India article would sell for the increased price af the duty . paid on the American article. If this be true, then the duty ot scveuty two cents might just as" well have been levied indiacriuinately mi both article, so far as the Untiah consumer ia eonocrncd. -Such ia the fallacy of this doctrine. aeae ant acres eases ves rates I Certainly it does says the leading modern democrat, precisely to the extent of the duty imposed. It it were not so, why do the manufacturers demand high dut.es ' This question is eltegether satisfactory to the person wh puts it, and is deemed by him entirely conclusive of the matter, when m truth il is just as great a fallacy as tiie other, as all our experience has fully demonstrated , ev n at this very day under the high tariff of last vear, goods were never lower, as every one knows. It the position of this free trade scliul was true, the price of g Is would immediately have risen upon the passage of the taritf of 1842; then how do you account for the desire of the manulacturets to hive duties high' We answer, that they may be protected in a bur domestic, as well as foreign, competition ; without being subjected, with their , limited means, to be overpowered by the concentration of the capital and the paupei labor of Earope to crush them, that those monopolists may have the exclusive markets of America lor their own goods. The moment they can destroy our manufactures the lie'd is open, hence thev can alford to make a temporary sacrifice to reap the reward in the end. Hear Lord Brougham on tint rcry point, and sec how precisely he sustains these views. The imports to this country of I s . , amounted to I 13, 800,900, while die exports were but 53,000,000. The embargo and the war hid proved to le nurseries for our domestic n. .nulactHres, ami they were fast rising ta the point ot supplying the demand at cheap rates, (ireat Britain saw tins, and at once applied the power the p tSeeaUad through her vast capital and cheap labor to crush the American manufactures; heme the excessive exports from that country to this in 11.". These exports were made, beyond a question, at a great sacrifice ofl the part of the British manufacturer, but their o' j. ct was to lies' roy our manufactures at a blow, and not to make profit 08 their goods. Lord Brougham in his siecch in Parliament let out the secret, lie says : j'he peace of America has produced somewhat a similar effect, though I am very far fr m placing the vast exports which it occasioned with thosotofho European mmket the vear before ; both bocanes ultimately the Ameiicans will pay, which tha ox hausted stale of the continent renders very unlikely, and heraus it was .; werfA while to incur a lusi HpOH the first e i pmrtatimn. in order by tht gwf STtFI.E .v THE CBJID1.E those MiSLSXi .V..W r.n . Ti HES in the United States." It is one object f the protective law to prevent ll.is. The American mannfact'ircr reqi ires only to be protected in a healthy and uniform competition with others. The tariff lor protection gives this, w hile the external and internal competition brings down the Manufactured article to the Jjwest price for which il can be afTirdcd ; the supply at all times being Creates than the nececsarv demand ot any given article, t' mat.uljcturer as well as the merchant or trader, being in direct competition with other manufacturi rs and traders, at home and abroad, it is impoaeil le that any article can remain a day above its lowest minimum. Bui manofacturee are xovoroLi ts, s ,y our leading Bsodcrn democratic tree trade men. atsd thev as dem rrats. are opposed to all monopolns. If this w re so. if were indeed a grievous objection : but can there be a monopoly in any trade ur husitoss, whether it be a cotton or woollen manufactory, a mechanic I establishment. a mercantile eonccru 01 a house of ublic entertainment, so long as these empfoj mcnts are left open alise to the competition, capital and industry to all ? Will not capital find its left .' in its inv stment, and is it pretended that any j, articuler business can enjoy an excess ol profit in a country l.ke this, . pen t free competition ! If on.- employBMttt is more profitable than another, others will i rime ' -atelv resori to it. If the Washmgt n Hall ts ntjppoeed to be making too much money as a h oje t ifert itn-nent, there arses at the next s.piarc a Palm r llou-e 1 1 divide i. It a cotton factory at Rtc&mond is sujy wed to ba doing we .. Mr. Wis: e- ' isl.es an extensive cotton factory at In iirT,:ib. to share the market nnd divide the nrofifa. F.et US s upp a- that them manufactures are. as the adm; in hru free Ir.ule d mocrats contend, odious monopolies . wul it bfl contended that that the bnt.sli BMnofaCtBrea are the less o ' Most cerlainlv not ; hut, oil the ivntrarv. :l a large a'n tint t capital c uicer.trated at a given pour, and employed in a single tr. inufictory , constitutes a rn .nOpoly, then the British manufactories as far surpass ours as the amount ef their invseMaentS exceetl ours-. The ;u.stton th n arises, sctuig that we have lo sustain manufacturing monopolies at Ul, wh.ch shad we maintain and support, the A met if an monopoly that j urchases our corn, heel, pork, flour, and other agricultural products, to support the labor of our own citizens, wln'e they man Jficture our BetaUB-, wool, flax, hemp, an 1 otlier material that entert into ihe differ nt articles in domestic ue ; 01 the Hr.iish HMaBOwofy. stawawncd by British labor, British raw materia. s, and British pi od uce. to be paid tor atttV r by American goid or silver or American produce, after deducting a heavy duly to be pa.d by the American producer I W'e ask a candid ans.ver Bat N is mid thai the British manufactured articles may be bought cheaper than ihe aame article can le made for here, and Lence it iu aued tr.at the tarttY should he reduced W'e have already stated how this matter stands, t ut let us illustrate it here agnn. Whether an aiticie ia cheap or
! ir depends up n circumstances ; the price my be low, and yet the medium of payment render itdtar; at the resent time a farmer can atr.ird to pay a higher nominal price for any article in the produce of his larm than he could get the same article for in in ney ; the one he has t l spare and the other he has not. A farmer and hatter j on lands, the farmer needs hats for his use, and the hatter needs corn, beef and pork for his faintly ; it suits these persons to exchange the articles. Now it is not very material what price either puts on his article it is but an exchange at last ; hut suppose at the moment that these industrious men were making the exchange, a edlar should drive up with a lead of English hats, and der t sell one to the farmer for fifty cents less than th hatter asked for his. but required cah instead of produce in payment ; would the farmer by taking the cash lrom his drawer and paving tor the hat while his produce lay upon his hands without a market, get the article cheaper than if he had bought it from his neighbor ! But suppose he had in fact bought the hat for fifty cents less than his neighbor seats d. and was able to sell his produce so as to replace the cash he had paid out (of the hat, how then would the aaCOUnt stand next year ' The hatter must fUSt his business Um ii sc his customers could buy cheaper hats; ol course he must turn tanner. The amount of produce woil'd be deubled, and so would the demand for hals ; ihe pedlar arrive- agaia with bis British hats ; he now has two families to supply instead of one ; his competitor has been driven from his business to farming by tke cheap hats, nnd he now puts not only the other half dollar on ihe price of his hats, hut addi fifty per cent., s that in the two jrears the farmer has paid B higher nominal price for Ins bats than if he had bought Ihem from his neigkhor, und the price of his produce has been diminished by the iacressad quantity raised by iwo famous instead of one. Our limits will not permit us to give tlie many cases that might be put to sustain n"r position. W e leave the reader to aeppty the deficiency, and proceed to inquire, vV bother a Protective Tarill gives to tlie larmer for his agricultural products, x BeXI MAIIKCT. This is an important question, but it is not a new one ; it h is for many years engaged the time and talents of ihe best inen and ablest statesmen of evciy civilized nation on earth ; we have the experience of ages, and the enlightened views ot the statesmen ot most countries to aid us in coming to a just conclusion. Tha writer of the pamphlet to which this side refers, treats the idea as a fallacy. He sas. "Those who contend that it will, say that there are too many tilling the earth and that we aiust hire soma of them to manufacture, by promising to give them more lor their articles than we should have to give others." l'or this statement we have ihe word of the writer of the address. W'e have Bot seen the assertion coming from any friend of a protective tarilf; it is the language of the antltan'l, free trade British school, utterly denied by the friend to protection. As we prefer to give the grounds t the belief upon which we maintain the affirmative of the p tion, in 'the least questionable shape, we will introduce to the reader a fe.v witnesses upon this punt, and then present some brief views of our own. Vc have already presented extracts lrom Mr. Jener son, fully sustaining our poaition, we add the following, written by him in reply to Mr. Austin in 1HH5, alter the late war. "Vou tell me I am quoted by those who wish to continue our dependence on England for manufactures; there was a time when I could have heen so quoted with more candor. I e mttsti mow plate th- Manufacturer bes'ulr the agriculturalist" Why so, Mr. Jefferson ' The answer is obvious ; that they may be a mutual benefit to each other, the one furnishing the agricultural products, and the other manufactured articles, in exchange. .mil CAUtotrn, In 1816 was the champion ol s Protective Tar in, and one of his strong grounds was that il created a home mark. t tor agricultural products. He said : " hen our mauufactures are grow n to a certain perfection, as they soon will onder the fottering cart of the QoteTnmmtntt we will no longer experience those evils. The farmer will find a a market for kit turolut nrsefoce, ud, what is of si
most equal consequcuci (ill his wants." a::i in il J M il . a v L l. v 1 1 , The practical statesman and distinguished linancier,long at the head of the Treasury Department, n ay be intr od weed to the reader upon this question with advantage. If wa in 1-iln the extract was written, and the reader will of COBrse make the allowance lor I lie increase since, but he will find the position fully sustained. Mr. Gallatin, iu his able report to Congress urging the protection of OUT manufactures, ''estimaf. d the annual product ol American manufactures to exceed 1 120,000 ,000 and that the raw malt tali need and tke mowissens nan other art tele the produce of the I 'ruled SI dm onsuttud bjf tin UUtMUfacturert created u market ut honte for our agricultural p MfwcAlem not much tnfuivr to that which aruse from th whole foreign demand."' B. BgLLAS, Secretary l the Treasury, who was also one of the fathers of the Republican party, in his verv able report of I8U says : The agricutturüM tohomt produce and whose fl irk depend for their value upon the fluctuations ol a foreigu inarkit, will have no occasion tveniuJly to regret the opportunity ol a ready sale of his wool or his cotton iu his own neighborhood, and it will soon ! under atood that ihe success of American manufactures which tends to diminish the profits, often the excessive profit, of the unpjrter, .fci not MCCCSMUiijf add to the price of the article in the huutii of the consumer m a. m Bteesr, In his annual message of lHlo, urges the protective policy in strong language. "He says i "It will be an addittonal recommendation for particular manufactures when the maltrialt for them art tsctensively oVnmo front our agriculture, and consequently impart and intuit to that great luml of national prosperity an.l independence ar. cjcoura'jtment ;hirh cannot fail fe le rewarded. e might fill a volume wuh cxtiacts from the messages of i -,r Presidents, from the lather of his country djwn. lrom the reports of the Secretaries ot the Treasury, ai d the speeches of our distinguished statesmen of ail parlies, susta.ning fully our position, but we forbear to p ess the evidence further except to give one more extract lrom a document that is too important to be omitted. W e call the attention of the original Jackson Btentoit we ask them to compare it with the pamphlet written by one who pr i leased to be hi f dbw er even in the proclamation against nultifiers, but who now joins hands with these same nullifien in Opposition to the doctrines on this sui ject maintained by BBtfKBaa jacKsosr, In his letter to Dr. Uolemon, dated OB the 2vth of April. 1834, speaks on this subject the languid of an American the language of tiuth a:;d sottixj Wisdom H" says: I ask what is the real situation of the agriculturist 1 Where has the Amt u at farmer a market for hit tut p'uproduce 7 Except "or cotton, be has mith.-r foreign i.or a homo inarkit Does But this rlearly prove wlieii liiere :s ii i market at home or abroad, f at there is too muih labor employed in agrirultur- ' Vommon $enoi ut once ptHiits out the remedy. Take lrom agriculture m the United States sis hundred thousand men, women, and children, and you will at once give a market for am In vd tl fa than all Europe new furnishes u-; in short. s r. tee hu e been too long tnbjett t the poHco of HillTISH MEKCHASTS , U ist. . I a . - etore .iMEHICASl'Et and, instead of feeding the ; i apt n s id tabore i - f KXGIIStJL I mm w or elsO in short time, (by continuing -.ur present p licy 'ia he rendered 'tttpert murtelvem? In tha letter of lien. Jacks n to i v. Rsy, in I'- J4-. be rcaifirmed :.d adopted with approbation this letter end ita doctrines. And yet ti all this the new aloc .1 the Jackson party turn up (heir B s and neenngly r rnirk that those who contend that a Prot ctie Tsrdf will reite a home markt for our produce. sy "that there are too many engaged ia tilling 'he earth, a:.d tfa t we must hire some of them to manufacture by promising lo give them more for their articles than we should have to give otheis " With what grace does the wr.br of the pamphlet cast this stigma on the motives and policy of Ueneral Jackson, we learn the paopte to my. 51 MBF.ll or MACFaCTt . The writer of the address mjs Tha census of !to sliows that there were engaged Ml trade and manufacture, in the United States, including every deeeriptien of mechanics, white and black, slave and free, only 781,749, while thenuinbei of ihe ti lers of the soil was 3,719,9X1.' From ttmt he argues that the home market is inconsiderable in comparison wuh the agricultural producu. and thercf re not worth prerv.ng ot protecting Let us see how ih:s M alter taaids. He m-st cor.crde i .j". tnr 7!,749 are supported upon American produce, and are engaged in the manufacture of the A imwiCBB raw maiensj ; suppose we transplant them to Europe and buy their rr.aau:ac;uitd articles, whose produce would the then con- '
Mime, whose nw mau rials a ouhl they then ;erate ujmu ' Not ours, but European, as r. -lue lions are iln.wn around the introduction ol our articl. s, and in that event we s .ould lose to the larrn ng interest the market I r a the iaw materials, and all the produce that these 781,741 peis ms would con, nine ; or if we fed them and fntnish the raw materials, it would 1 under their tariff But this is not alt; yon cannot transplant the men. women and chi. Iren , you can only drive them from their employment to arirultural pursuits, and fln nafur havm? lost ihe market
lor tiie produce and raw materials coiisoaaad by the ;9l.788 persons, yu add tht noflabef to 3,719,951 now engaged in agriculture, making the agriculturist 1.5. 1.. ?n0, and mcr. asing the agi icultnr prsvMatt, and effecting the price in the same proportion Hut rvea thtfl is not all; bW moasCttt you have driven xour own irad-smen and nianufa turen from their employment, foreigners left without roinpeiui. ti here would make y rOB pav then ow ti price lor their articles, and exact what they please in paynnmt. Let us make an estimate of this i for round RUM hers, say 888988 manufacturers to the agricullural inte rest ol the I Bated Stats ; at a verv low . dlculati ut tin v must eonsnsse each tat agricultural products at b ast the value ol fifty d dlars pet annum I his amounts to House lent and luel, tO.noo.diui I8v888,888 158,888,888 M iking 85 ,000,000 aumitllv in these iMOM, without looking to the m .re impo'laiit and coMly otic, of the raw materials, w ages ot labor, mm! eaher daaaaatic attitlee winch hhv up jiuit ... in, ..,' i , i , i i , i i. s, , wc leave for the reader 10 estimate, The tm some of the - - 1..,.. I... ...... . iI.a ,.. ,.!... - I - - 1 - , ,1. mmm ..... gains to the ae rn uitnral interest by having the scat of tlo manatactares in this country instead t hngltn.l. w acre our leading Iree trade modern OeintKTStS desire t' trjnplant them, or ere willing to see them transplanted by the op ration of their policy f ri:r.i: TBanc. This is certainly in sound a most fiscmaiing doctrine free trade who could oppose it. say our j ponents It only means to sell where we can sell highest, and buy wheie we can buy cheapest, av its advocates. Stub is their definition ol tree trade. A Hnti-h lord leceutlv K ve ansshnr ill finitinn thai .mt..,l l.im I., it. r - nv.. ii....,,-n of baru- and sale ..t British g..,,ds m the ports of oilier . ....... Ballons, aim Dignuuites end restrictions in British ports of the produce of theae aattona. Wm would give u still another definition, as being more applicable lo the actual state of the case ; it is the surrender by the United JStates of the right t- other nations to conti l the industry af this hv their ksrislation : for it Bra antat to nas oroaertive laws we may preach Iree trade M mm h as we please, and " . , , it will avail us nothing ; the products of other nations .1 nres d iu n lit. on Bl null' nil ! .'. , ,, ! I,., l,...ii.,',l I., I ; J T T "'" " """-a ,v i three pence a day, and our produce lo prici s raäaoUs to the i farmi r. white not a port of any other countiy will be ri - 1 lax-d in the duties and restuclions imposed upon mir produce. line rrr..r Ot tins ir.-e trade acUool coni-ts in uns. that thev forget that we have no power to legislate lor J other countries. As well might a larmer deelaie in favor ; of free glazing of cattle, and open hi g.it.-s and 1 ike away bis fences from his pasture liclds, while all h is neishbor secured and protected their pastures by good fmifsa ; we nr...,) n.,1 t,tl nur fsrnirr liiiw , w,..,l.l . anil u-illl 'S " J -s- ! such a project in the end. The j q '. is the haim1--that of mlf protectioB, and s long as all the rivthxed nations of the eaith keep up theo tesirn tions and dunes. pist so long must we BMCt them Ofl the same pfatfotm, r sink under the weight ad their legialatien. Upen data part of our enquiry WS might .piote all the Svtf tiagtttahed tatet men ef the nation who have taken nrt in our political a tl it rs ; we deem it. howcirrr. unnm siary t. do so Then is one distinguished A men an who has not l i en heretofore prominently before tlie people, whose iipiniotM are entitled to much weight ; it is, iherelore. with pleasure that we give an i'Xtract from a letter written bv the hero of Lundy'a Lane, ifcSEBAL SCOTT, Recently, to a committee, rhe Genend savs : " From a familiarity with the principal writers en politi d eewnaray, I w as eariv much smitten w ith the doctrines of free trade. but between the years 1821 .and lgs, being stimulated by the discussions of the period to reconsider Iii st isapcewinfla, I soon became thoroughly prrsiMthd that ike Baeory Sj wealth, however beautiful, would IMAereTtrl thU rarrnfra IN its trad'- -n ith the many, whom hv d products an shielded by duties generally high, and iu many rj.ri probibitory ; until, therefore, the other gieat commercial nations can be forced le practica Bpon, as weM aa ta propagate ia apeeches and writing, th-s' liberal di'trines, mhmuld be in favot of Countervailing and retaliatmrtf diitu x at home." The force and justice at the etewa i t Gen. Scott will appear most manifest ir m an caauuii lion ot the following extract from the it ii i ri ii i ti 1 1 t m" -J i9 O tft 3 i : I a " . - - BBSrl9S cAr. c r z. -r 3 - 1 a m jt . - - mm ' - E 5 C " z z . , mt m, mt 0L "7 aonnflrsna mt mm mm v II N -' K our r tdi rs to xarnuie this tat Ic, ta ii Ii m the able report of Mi Blbi worth, eommisa ner of patents. IthoU2h it does B t roiitaui manv articl 1 f American export, still rt gives a fait avprage .f British dattm 00 Ameri ran pr durt. ruch is the prartiee of the tr. e trade school Of Urrat Britain . and vet the lead rs of thr m dru democratic party in Indiana would meet them resinrtions um discriminations With Ire trade in our port, unless fr revenue; anderen then, as we have wn, tn ir doctiinea b id lo (bred tales to ri-r rt, Tha tner sn ild I am advocates f .r this doctrine in Indiana, is passing ataangi from the southern cotton planter it might be uorc reasonably expected ha mav reason alt r ll ia w . k Vitt Is rill rOTTOt rtlSTtl I' lhi ia"r. it r n the h .:ii- ii.aik.ct is securt 1 to ras 1 r ins t Uri M a ; 'v .,! ihn cenM pet poun I. about fifty per , r ad valorem my cr p i made by :ti wn riava labor- ! ai) puv aeventy-tw cents pt r cwt. duty .in th- crop m England, while the producer of bacon paya two dollars pot ct. mv gotten m worth sii dollara per cwt. ia Chariest thi bacon af Indiana is w th f.ur dollar sr 1 pri it N v fr2eans wjthai I : ay nne dollar and righteen cents lees fir six dollars w uth of my ,r.du . ti.jii the lurn.e. 1 Indiana paya for lour dollars worth t h.s The prim I my cof.oti in thf Fiigii-h maraet doe not depend Bpon the price ol tl is jr duci of Indiana, upon vb. a I ."cA 1'iv slv.'es mike the crop, hence my 1-ji i- l 1 bring down th- pri af meats and bread sti.fr-. r s.av. i d t- ! ,w as possible; winch will give me the greatest pr.,;',! u the er ;, ; and la d this, I reemjai fffc trade or In tarills of duties on Britiak msnufaetarad articlca, sa to swabU them to give n.e ni jre tot my cotton, In -e.i t 11s ago manufsct'ifed ; while, by the same operation, aiaw feed is b-ought dawn to the lowest price by he destru. tion of the hoBM rr.xrket and the increase ,f prid.'ce, turning rn n,anafacturers ItttO fjramrs " Wcjld t.-,a rr.'n.nc aatiafr an Ir.d.anv armer that f-cn wis h - p v -. if it should be the Hrttieh and aiuthern free trade scho -. f V', be .?.. ir. rd. ,
-"jf-s.-. - . - - Z-- - - " ' : s . ' - : t - 11 '- - ; i, g : . o mm 2 a SB s saiSSxSSri,S g ü a S- 2 I 3 I s ' ' I 5 s ,2i - s- o"'. -23 "3 y "5 s"5 " 5 S-r S tf 5. 3 an 5. 3 m c "" s - " " no - b rraj " ? -- ? 2 2 a ? 1 S i 1 r 2 - I r . t fl x t - s U - S r - . x '' BT i a j a 5 s -s 5 c - ai st
RcMain Wo are net t Basse who th ..k that r, ..- g1 n i ni. altogether m the peeuhar f rms and ceremoBtes of any particular creed. i n u' er aueea are dviotle couect and justifiable wuh main detiounaatioas t christians and their BBgafCl cr SSSasSMSJ is aasen isaaenam wuh the spirit i su h creed. But where one mav delibeteti I ' tod bis fellow, either thr ... b falai h wd statinen, and the est stt. i J l.'ir.'i. ctsUated Brian v sanctit) ol BUM, and wand r ihr nigh a I the paiaph-rrta-I s. we a'.- apt t tum M she sssd äeuWäamal an bmbssI
hypo rite. We do net i.ve than pinlsndaie deed may be r -ttstd. red Woleei bj s .c a ch I ke the serjieill t fc. I.-'l. . -eive hi!t thry ilirns anat haaaanity takeS is reml ' mob nncipie. ' not aufltcient t 1 J -mv,! A s. 'l the lest . f friendship, so it t the ardeatel int.g a man in s mc situati n. w arw,OB sBS tlp r hi perform M act of MUCsti la ' K r,.;:. they Hi -line, and IJV on the othi r oi e '.it a i I add i i ihe " i ' I i i bsa r If he hesitate even f i S moment, you i ,i . - over at our o ihe bent of his I spoaitioti, sod Ith tl dve bis principle. This is be tar t;.. bettet Mel . t rvtteiirW than the . s -rvince oi ceremony. We hate seen a strange sort or ctiaracl r in oi 'U s, -I.: u Ii l.le. who W..O .I ,-.,n- ,t the darkest c e ! . v .date s ,me tr lli iß rusloni which ba or she practised from childhood, xh in manr 'ses tho.e i h araelers hae n -t s moled 1. r. . ul lo lbm st h. in.. us asethods . I d- trauding at a moment "I emergency. It ia seldom. hoBN ver. that wc find a litlinun Img sttogrthor vicious. Well has ihn paaat saaJ. 'nans are ill ex ll. l.tngeiiiig lound the heirt th. tr is some avenue . r. .;... . . I'ieiiiiij, s, nv acc ss to s v m eilliana are ever I' ra 1 with paratn w 111. Ii - gfimBMia IVom iheir darkneM t bear! with MMWS iflfis eure. After a'l ihe d j n is and creels, it is the Im alt alone which l.v. s I rce a;.. I e' .ira. n r rity. W n it merit is there in the ps'rii i llOO d we d i it I r a selfish M 'tive tint a BtBB ahstaina from vice it h d h stitfoni awe of the future ! Hu- as with ihe light of revtdatiofl and .1 j marvil thai so much turpitude and o. the human character. The perfOTMSnu has a regard in i's II whi h no s -d;i-h I'll e . I a g l aVbal sn ril iit I, mi a saiperjr hem -sphere ia jmisc, we afara slioulii di figure I a giod a "i ' im rcrnarv end can equal. And talk as the a wldinaa.lh can eijual. And talk as :!,. is a barr -w .which pre a lag and tearful respoaeibilit -. .t . i. . "i sn naaaw npavi in atn Rkiii bifrj man 'r"p""' " I ! ' ' ',T' "" Imrn i ,f w lain " 1 'I' that t m k - rauthi i t . I j obtain Is ii . tS i.n lionij ' r.'liln ,1 linn . I Ins 1 1 1 1 1 1 1. ti, t Tha o1 1 It ill Cl catnms, 1 iisi ib.-ir wants ,,, ,((. ÄM5lwje j,,, , f ' j,r ,, p,,,,,, H.( .,, ,(,,. hw f nleasnrt- thou r m . .in -i - the j,, , ,t, ,, m but for i it pb i-1 Ti tb.W I s In tfo : 1 b. I BSMhg Batwws l 4 ion Illing i an i aha in i in that w Im ti is im ii .i i tin ni-. Iv i IV fin il Th. nt i th. pea ii ib b n.irrovv he end. but f i minds, wlueli eonfoniiil th. oi mis v.i'b I the -ak- l' power, infha h and m MT Ii -, I, vali d .in.i Iii.- . I ss'Wtinmnts. tO M'HsXlai itipiV tin ills II alii.i,t alw.is the man who growa ID I. . i . mg s his n- le r . l s. .in.' IS M' I MI V afaarna, tint states ,is wants in mtati new m lid li ni Bt'lt mo eiieiuv mal p'ir-'i'-i nun. ni'ii-i n,s iii.ie.tvii overtake Ihnaewl br twluee laws It'i atak nni rsiRlef pit itiic.- -. ..i nothing can in.'ke that gi whih the BV i r of Binar has i edit mad In at hfl th. bramble am be plam..! m a b.t t..t. has! raa n . i . i . . . ..I, i to wsiiiiK i ret large 'art hen ware I, with l.s Ml I lib III. I , H, when all IbO pi I. d W Itll lh if. tUmtt .- .ii.'i. I it will wit. r, and turned it ups j rstst Rowed nsrl; MH the mom j moaflh Hjwanla,rt always b rs it. a'l raring inv hb I llip ' don.-, ha desiri I ihm one d tin ifneal wis ... ; stilt, when ' drop il ran !. a I uj u turning was anty. t lea itn Bed ihe far caret illv nmliiii which could lea I a d , ares all .ve. t r. t no an ' nil it ii it mptv, hilt dell of l!ie MX .b ,t up, a.i w ifectls die. s.i t within, I...V il... v tn i ry t'.e i w ate ithe the insj U t; t . bun. The next I hi g d. rterily aliog th j el ,.1 I- ti MW boot s. ii tn our Baske, placed it upright snpp i t, eiimba .1 i Having d .tie this. ni -Iv 1 ruigi th it th tinned i.t r rot at .iv v i ii'in l o.iil. HasHuj ordinary, aha the a.r. . lie "leXle.l I. W4 vi in p- skn g Wi st, a . Inning facts In all w mrnet w r tritx s ai a 1 I) I Car tamo ..et undts it the b ii.m'. dv of r.fhr v .rn.o, Ntnlioav M the trecin'a. Tm - o BbS lnaien's. Wedneaday is t' s:. 1 ksraday i iha Lgv pttsii , r ride) o ihe 1 vii t, Md bturday .a ...- lea .
