Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 23, Number 31, Indianapolis, Marion County, 4 January 1864 — Page 1

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i VOL. XXIII, -NO. 31. INDIANAPOLIS, IND., MONDAY, JAN. 4, 1864. WHOLE NO. 1,277

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John f-orsy'A, Stcrttartj of Stair, United Slatri: Sin I proceed to examine the titles whicb tliTines and c.n o.iirts h ie consi'iertd to be good and valid lor the posc.'Miou or a slave. . In their definitions ami remarks they alrny restrict that domiiiioti to what is called service of the body, not of the s-juI, which I at tor was not he! 1 in bondtge. " The slave accoimtuble lo GikI ur his morlitj, and hence the m tster could not require him to lay aside the practice kI religion, or to do ait immural act, but he could commacJ his labor, and was bound, to give the necefs-tries of life. ' Bergier very pruptrlv lemarks. (Diet. Theot yy- Art. Etelav,) ih l in the w.-tiideritig state of e-trij tribes and families!, where civil society had jet been scarcely, and in oidy few places established, gerviirit could rot change his master without expatriation, nor could master tend away his servant without destnying Iiis family, and in this state of things domestic slavery be came inevitable It was, however, he remarks, very greatly mitigated under the patriarchal gov ertimeut, and he instances one great benefit which would accrue, though .certainly very seldom t the servant. Genifis i v. 2: "And A bra m tid. Lord (Jod, what wilt thou give me? I shall go without children: and th bjm of the steward of my house is this Dannscus Eliezer. J-And Abrain added: but to me thou ha.-t not given seed; and lo my servant born iti my house shall be my heir." lie adds, that civil liberty became a benefit only after the establishment of civil society, when man hid the protection ol I . and mnllirdietl f.ilii; for aiitwwtonf- that mi.ii. tn ti.i- K- i obit frolom mihi x an i.,inr t rwr.,. I bereft "ol Hocks, herds, lan is and servants; bence that Abraham and the other patriarchs held great numbers of shtves. whom they treated with parental care, and governed by wholesome discipline, and whose services weie absolutely the property of their m isters Job possessed slave, and he treated them with kindness, xxxi 13: "If 1 have despised to abide judgment with my man servant, or my maid servant, when they had controversy agaiust mi. 14. For what shall I do. when God will rise to judgef And when he shall examine, w hat shall I ausver bitu? . 15 Did i.ot he that made m in Iti 9 womb make Iiitn also, and did not one and the same form us iu the wombT" . Uo came tho?e patriarchs lo have property in those slaves? Many of them were bom in their houses, that is, of their servants, and this was acknowledged to be a good title, not only by the law of nations, but clearly, iu the case be due us, by the law of God. But how were their paxeut3 slaves? Perhaps originally they voluntarily became so They might jUo have been bouuht ftofn others, who bad acquired a just dominion, by that or by some other good title. I am now otdy treating of the title which rests on birth, the rati lity of which the p itrt irehs thus i testified. In Gene-is xiv. 14. we bud Abraham arming three hundred and eighteen of his trained servants b rn in his hou-e, to accompany hiin to the rescue of Lot. In ch tpter xv. we tiud Ehrzcr Damascus, bis servant Ixun in li s hou.-e. In chapter xvi. we find Agar, the Egyptian, a maid or slave of Sarai, whom she introduced as a wife of an inferior rank to Abraham. In chapter xxi. we Mud liiis bondswoman, or sltve o( Sarai, to gether with her son I-hm ie', who was the slave equally as he was the sou of Abraham, scntaway by the direction of her mistress Sarai, as in chapter xvi we find that Abraham declared to Sarai, "ßeho'd thy handmaid is in thy own hand, use her as it pieaseth thee." Gro:ius says it was a concession of power even to put her to death, aud St. John Clin so' tor;), Horn. 37, describes it as an uiilimitcd power of punishment for petulance and insuthordiiiation; which Calmet.in his remarks ou this place, says every master had over his slave, 'aud every husband had over thelave of his wile. In chapter xvii , when God is m iking a covenant with Abraham, he recognizes the validity of this title to servitude by birth. 12. "He that i? born in the house, as weil as the bought servant, shall be c-ircumcised."' . 23. "Then Alrahaiu took Ishmael his son, and all that were born in his home, and all w hom he had bought, every male among the men of Lis house, and be circuiuciiMal the Meh of their foreskin, forthwith the very same dar, as Ojd had comm.ttidel him." 27. "And all the men of his house, aa well as they that were born in bis hou-ea the bought servants and Btraoers, wtre circunwised with him." -. Thus God himself recognized the validity of tiw) t'tle to a slave founded upon purchases, as -well asapeni birth.. . , The title bj donation or gilt U equally plain as is tkvt by purchase. Gencsi xx 14: "And Abimeleth took sheep, and oxen, ' and hervanls. fn-i hand maids, and gave to Abraham." They accompanied their mistress upon m irriite. (Genesis xxir. til.) . We may observe the same in Genesis xxx. 43; xxxi. 21. The titles thus seen are, fair purchase, or gift, and birth. When" Mose led the people from Egypt, the Lord himself gave to him. in the deert, I iw not only for morality, but also for the ritual service of religion, and a civil or political code. - I sli til dweil very brietly upon this latter: but .1 shall previously remark that, iu the great moral code known as the Decalogue, the Almighty . reeosrnize the legitimate existence ot sUvety. Exodus xx. 10: "But on the seventh day is the d abbat h of the Lord thy GoJ; thowshalt do no work on jt, t&oa ir thy n, nor thy daughter, nor thy roan servant, nor thy maid servant, nor thy beast, nor the arranger that is within thy gates." 17: "Thon bah not covet thy neighbor's louse; neither shall th'Mi deire his wife, nor his servant, nor his h n duuid; iror his ot.nor Li.- as, nor nny thin that m hi." - - s In the political or civil legwlatiow, of which . iod himself ia the author, we find provUioo made for -, - - : . :: 1. The temporary slavery of a Heorew. Ex- , Oda xxi. 2: "If iböii buy a Hebrew eervapt. six years shall he serve thee; nd in tha seventh ";yearh shall go free, for nothing." Leviticus xxv. 3U: ."If thy brother, constraiued by pof eriy, sell himself tr thee, thou shalt not oppres him w-iU tb serric of boo. J tervaats. 40. Bat ha shall be with thee as a hireling and a sojourner;

he shall work with thee until the year of the jubilee. 41. And afterwards- he shall go out with his children, and shall return to his kindred and the possession of his fathers. : 42. For they are my servants, and I brought them out of the land of Egypt; let them not be sold as bonds men. 43. A 111 .c t him ut) t by might, but fear thy God." -!'. . 2. Provision warf made for his clothing aod his fmily. Exodus xxi. 3: "With what raiment he came in, with the like let him go out, if haviog a wife, his wife Jiall go out with him." Leviticus axv. 41: "He shall go out with his children." Thus the Hebrew could sell only his labor until ibe rear of the jubilee, because God bestowed on

him a special right.. 42 Iiis wife and children were free; and Ca I met, quoting Seiden, (Ii. 6. c i. de jure uat. et gent ,) states that the master was obliged to support the family. 3. Provision was made for his relief at the time of completing his servitude Deuteronomy xv. 1: "In the seventh jenr thou shall make a remission." 12 "When thy brother, a Hebrew toan, or a Hebrew woman is sold to thee, and Unh served thee six years, in the seventh tbou ahalt let him go free. 13. And when thou sendest him out free, thou ehalt not let him go away empty. 14. But halt give him for his way. out of tby Hock, and out of thy barn floor, and thy wine press, wherewith the Lord thy Uod shall bless thee. 15. Remember that tbou also wast a bond servant in the laud of Evpt, and the Loid thy Uod made thee free: and therefore I now command thee this." 18. "Turn Dot aay thy eyes from them, when thou makest them free; because he hath served thee six years, according to the wages of a hireling: that the Lord thy God may bless thee in all the works thou dost. 4. Provision wa mde for the case of his mar rjing a slave. Exodus xxi. 4: "But if his master give him a wife, and she hath borne him sons and daughters, the woman and her children ?hll be her master's; but he hiuuclf shall go out with his raiment." 3. Provision was made for the man's continuance in eervitude should he prefer it to his liberty, in onler to remain with Iii enslaved wife and children. Exodus xxi. 5: "And if the servant shall say: I love my master, and my wife and childreu. I will not go out tree. G. His master shall briu bim to the gods (judges), and he shall be set to the door and the posts, and he shall bore his ear through with an awl. and he shall be his servHnt forever." Deuterouomy xv. 16: "But if he shall sat: 1 will not depart; because rre loveth thee aud lltv house, and findeth thit he is well with thee 17. T1k.u shall take an awl, and bore through his ear in the door of thy house; and he shall serve thee lrver; thou shaltdo iu like manner to thr. woman servant l"." 6 Provision was made for the case of a Hebrew who sold himself in servitude to a stränget. The de-ire oJ the great legislator of this people was, to keep them separate from the other n.uion.. and especially to preserve their cligion, by prevent ing their falling under :he dominiou of the idolatrous people by whom they, wet e surrounded. Hence the gie.ttesl care w;is taken to prevent servitude to strangers, and to facilitate, without injustice, the redemption of those who became its subjects Thus it was regulated. Leviticus xxv. 47: ''If the hand ot a stranger or a sojourner grow strong among you. and thy brother, being impoverished, sell himself to him or to any of his race. 43. Aller the sale, he may be re deemed. lie that will of his brethren may redeem him." Tlie lol!owinj verses show the power the servant had of redeeming himself, by paying at the rate of the hire of a servant, in the ratio of the time to the jubilee. And an injunction was given not to permit the strange' to treat him with cruelty; at all events he was to be free in the year of the jubilee 7 Provision was made for fugitive slaves under peculiar circumstances. (Deuteronomy xxiii. 13,16) 8. Hebrew parents were permitted, tinder cer tain circumstances, to sell their children to their own brethren Sj ccial provisions arc made for the treatment of young females thus sold. Exo dus xi 7. She was to be treated differently from a bondwoman. 8. The buyer could sell her, but not to a foreigner. 9. If his son marries her, she shall be treated as his daughter. 10. If she be set aside for another wife, she must be fully provided for. II. Should there be a neclect of any ' "e-'e conotttous, sne uecame tree 'J The Hebrews were allowed to have foreign ers and their descendants in perpetual slavery. Leviticus xxv. 41: "Let your bondmen 'and bond women be of the same nations that are round about you. 43. And of the strangers that o journ among you, or those that were born of them in your land, these you shall have for servants " 59: "And by right of inheritance, shall leave them to your posterity, and shall possess them forever." ID. Where slavery did not exist, there could not be the crime which is made capital in Exodus xxi. IG: "He that shall steal a man and sell him. being convicted of the giilt, shall be put to death; and in Deut. xiv. 7: "If any man be found soliciting his brother of the children of Israel, and selling him, shall take a price, he shall le put to de.ih,and thou shalt takeaway the evil from the mid-tot thee." II. The excesses of masters in the punishment of j-livea were provided against by the law in Exodus xxi 20 and 21: "lie that striketh his bouduuii or bondwoman with a rod. und they die under his hands, shall be guilty of the crime. But if the party remain alive a. day or two, he shall not be subject to the puUhnieut. because it is his in nev " And again in v. 26 and 27: "If uti.v moii .-trike the eye of his oitti servant or maid servunt.und leave them but one eve, he shall let them go fiee for the eye which fie put out. Also, it lie strike a tooth out of his man servant or maid servant, he shall in like maiintr make them free." 12 Compensation was provided for the masters wnse slaves had been injured. (Exodus xxi ) Of a wicked ox that was known to be dan gerous, 52: "If he asault a bondsman or a bondswoman, the owner of the ox shall give thirty sicUs of silver (the usual price of an ordinary slave.) to their m is er, aud the ox shall be stoned." 13. In the precepts relating to the observance of religious ceremonies, as well as respecting the Sabbath, the eternal Law giver draws the distinction between the free and the slave, Deuter onomy xii. 1): "In the place which the Lord your God shall choos, that his name may be therein. Thither shall you bring all the things that I command you. holocausts, and victims, and tithes, and the first fruits of your hands, and whatsoever is the choicest in the gifu which you shall vow to the Lord. 12. There shall you (east before the Lord your God, you and vour sons and daughters, your men servants and your maid servants, and the Levite tint dwelleth In jour cities" The same distinction is repeated in v. IS, and iu Deut. xxi. 1114 I may now enumerate several ti'.les of domin Ion pj iiiilv expressed, or manifestly adverted to in this code emulating from U I himeir. 1. A m tu 'dispose of his own liberty. (Exodui xxi 5; Lvit. xxv. SU; Deut. xv. 15 ) I am aar ire ts it Judge Blackstone and Montesquieu appear to contend against the right of anv man- to sacrifice his liberty. It Is by assuming the existence of a parallelism which does not exit. viz: that liberty is an equal good with lile, and because man has not the power of disposing of the latter, he h s, therefore, no power to dis pose of the former . ' The divine legislation of the Hebrews, is how ever, ouitc decisive. 2. A person is boni in servitude. (Exodus xxi. 4; Levit. xxv 4., 47 ) 3. Children sold by their parents. f,Exodus xvi 7; Isaiah I. I.) 4. Thieves unable to make restitution and pay the penalty legally inflicted. (Exodus xxi. 3) 5. We End that a creditor could also take h debtor or his children to serve for the redemption of the debt. (4 or 2 King, chap iv.) ü Purchase i recognized throughout as good title to the services oi one already e;t1 ivei 7. blaves were wide in war. (Ueut. xx. r. II) .' I bas, sir, all the divines of the Komm C alio lie Church acknowlelge that they find, in the dirine legislation, for the Hebrew people, Ihe re cognition of slavery, aud the enactment of pro visions for it regulation It was not contra rr to the law of nature, or else the God of nature could not have permitted Its sine ion in thtt code which he gave lo his eliosen people It was not incompatible with the practice of pore aud undetiled religion because it was, at ieist, permitted by Hi ta who is the jrreat and sole object of the highest religious bom ire. It was. In many cases, rather a source of Drotectioa than of evil tu it unfortunate subjects. . . -j ''. ' , - ?i::3:r?

St. Augustine, stated that slavery was s. consequence of sin, (lib. xix. De civitate Dei. cap. 15 ,) not that the sinful individual Is always the slave, but tUat this evil was inflicted upon a sinful world, as werj sickness, war,' famine, ie., whereby It often happens that the less sinful are afll'cted, that they may, by such chastisement, be turned more to the service of God, and brought to bis enjoyment. He refers to the example of Daniel and his companions in the Babylonian captivity, whereby Israel wa brought to repentance. And he shows from the etymology of the name Sercu$, that, according to be law of nations at the time, the conqueror had at his disposal the lives of hii' captives, foae of whom were tervati or serri that is kept from destruction, and their lives ppired npon the condition of doing works of laborious drudgery for their masters. In his chapter 16. he shows the distinctions in bodily employment and labor between the son and the servant; but as regards the soul, ach was equally under the master's care, and deserved a like protection Hence, the masters were called Patret Fmilia$, or "Fathers of the Household," to show that they should consult for the eternal welfare of their slaves as a father for that of his children. And he insists npon the right and obligation of the master to restrain his slaves from v"n:e, to preserve due discipline, to govern with firmness and yet with affection. And liofonlvbr verbal correction, but if, unfortunately, it should be requisite, with moderate corpore tl chastisement; not merely for the punishment of delinquency, but also for a sanitary monition to others. He proceeds still further to show that it is a public duty, because the peace of the vicinage depends upon the good order of its families; and the safety of a State depends upon peace and discipline "of all the vicinages within its precincts Thus he exhibits the principles that pervaded the code giren by God himself" to the Hebrew people. I shall continue, sir, to treit the progress of legitimate slavery in its subsequent history. I have the honor to be, s r. Hespert f till v, &o . fj.mx, H:shop of Charleston. -Charleston, S. C , October 13, 1840.

II. Sis: The Divine sanction for the existence ol fclavery, and for the various titles by wjiich prop erly in slaves maybe acquited, being shown, it would rest ujou those who deny its religious le gality to day to prove di-ahictta that this sanction bad been withdrawn. or would it uns wer their purpose to p.eid lint the political and civil code of J udea was not to be obligatory upon Christians, because we do not assert their obligation upon us; but we declare that they contained no sanction incompatible with the natural law, or the princi ples ot sound morality; and they did contain the sanction of slavery, and of the titles of ucaui siiioti. w hich, we sir. cannot therefore be im roorl. utiles they be incompatible with laws subsequently enacted. This enactment is io be pruved bj those who oppose us, nd must be, at leat, ns tla:o as what we have exhibited). The view which I have taketi was confined to J udea because it was only there I could procure oisuutt and direct evidence of the Divine sauc tion. Nor was this a privilege of that people, because we tiud it in existence previous to the for mation of the Hebrew natiou. Abi melee, the colemporary of their great progenitor, gave slaves to Abraham; and as he could not convey a better title than existed iu himself, if be did not law fully own the slaves, Abraham could not lawfully accept them. Bathuel was not a Hebrew, and he had slaves, some of whom accompanied his daughter Rebecci. Laban was not a Hebrew, nor was Job. It was not then a privilege granted to the Hebrew people, nor to Abraham and his progeuy, but it was a common right, and subject to tue legisjicive regulation ol nations. Its existence was very extensive, it not univer sal and the regulations couceruing it varied iu the several' States and nations. The exhibition of their difference would be an idle and useless display of references to the various codes and customs of the Gentile world. The number of slaves are v great. In Attica, at one period, when the ciliaeus did not amount to thirty thousand, the slaves w ere four hundreJ thousand: this disparity iu numbers was not, however, a fair representation of the world, uor even of Greece itsell. The generally acknowledged titles, bv the law of nations, wete purchase, birth, legal conviction, or capture in a just war. It will be well to observe it' this place, and the principle will be ol ecutiel importance in examining the apostolic letters of the Holy See, that war wasred lor that mere pretext of making slaves jr under oiner pretexts.but lor th it par pose was always considered to be as notorious ly piratical as would be incursions made for the purpose of obtaining uiiv m re lootv; nay, in this case it was worse than any other kind of rob bery. 1 he steilinx of Ireemcti and selling thcui into slavei-y, or iu trading a people for the purpose ot reducing them t i si i very, were considered great crimes; the individuals who were thus gui.ty, were, in almost every p!a-e, liable to cap ital punishment; and if a nation committed the crime, it was considered to have lost its rank of civilizifloti. The capture should havo been made in war properly waged, and carried on ac cording to the usageof civilize unions; and in most cases the captive could, if he had property, redeem himself, or be ransomed by his friends. aud thus 6aveu from slavery. Any person con vers nit with the history of the Gentile nations previous to the Christian epoch, will immediately pcrcieve the striking contrast between the comparatively happy titttaiion of the slaves of the Hebrews, aud the oppression uuder whic'i those of the most olis!iel among the other nations labored. Yet the writings of some of these latter servants form no iucousiderable share of our classical collections. I shtll, then, pass over anv view of the slave system of the Gentiles further than to remark mat, at the period wneu the otvior came, it was exceedingly oppressive; and that, in many inst nice-, the master could put his slave to deitlt without the interference of any leal tribunals, and that the instances of its Iu diction were by no ma ins rare. I shall not stop to inquire into the validity of the claim to the exercise of this power, nor into the moral criminality of those who use it ' lator of Christianity has dune upon this subject lie has made no special law, either to repea or to niodilv the former aud still subsisting riht but He enforced principles that, by their neces sary operation and gradual influence, produced an extensive amelioration. In the words of the apostolic letter of Pope Gregorr XVI, "Verilr heu the tiht of the Go-pel tirst bean to diffuse itelf, those unfortunate men, who, by occasion of so tnauy wars, h d I ille i into Cruel servitule, lelt the'r condition imiin- Cnri-tuna verv much alleviated. Irspired, int'eed, by the Divine Spirit, the Apostles taught servants . to ' render i.bedience to their mtsteis in the n?sh, as unto Cnnst, atid to do the will of God with a cheerful nund; yet they commanded also unto masters ' tli.t they should u?c their seivants kindly, that they should render unto them what t just and rix lit, aud ..hat they should not employ threats, ' . reuiemheii ig that the God of both is in heaven, ' an I that with Him there is no respect ol per- ; sons." . Bergier says, "Diet. Theol. Art. Esclavage, III :" "When our Lord Jesus Christ appeared upon earth, the rights of humanity wer e not better known than they were in the Urne of Moses. .The philosophers, in place of rendering them more clear, had made them more obscure. ; The Greeks had decided that amongst men some nations wer born for liberty aud others for slavery; "that everything was lawful against barbarians, that is, against everv one that was not a Greek. r li: tho State of Alliens a louc, there were Jour hundred thousand alive f-r twenty thousand citizens. ''In Rome the condition of slaves was tiot better than that of beasts of burden. One ' shudders at reading the treatment of those unfortunates. See 'Memoire. of the Academy of Inscriptions,' torn. 63, iu 12mo , p. 102 Such was tha common law of all nations in the ages of philosophy, If Jesus Christ had by his laws at - tacked, face to face, this assumed right, He would have given weight, to the oppsiiion of the ' emperors and other sovereigns to the promulgation of the Gospel; and our philosophers of the present day would have accused Ilira for bavicg : assailed the public law ot all natiou. ' "The Divine Legislator did better: Ha disposed : the minds of people by Hi maxims of charity, ol . meekness, of fraternal lore between men, to per ceira that slavery in its then character waa got ting into opposition to the natural law- It way ; be perceived by the letter of St. Paul to Philemon, what was the testing of theQoapel moral

ity on this essential point, and how eloquent waa the lanjuage of humanity proceeding from the

ipsof Christian chanty. 1 be baptized slave be came of right the brother of his master. ' 1 he right which Bergier in this place alludes to as his entire article shows was not a civil, but a religious riht: the right of brotherhood in Christ Jesus, as redeemed by Him. and an heir to the same glorious inheritance, as the Apostle St. Paul describes it In his Epistle to the Galafians, chapter wit, 2b: "For you are all children of God. by faith in Jesus Chrit. 27. For as many of you as have been baptized in Christ hare put on Christ. ' 2. There ia neither Jew nor Greek; there is neither bond nor free; there is neither male nor female. For vou are all one in Christ Jesu. 29. And if you be Christ's, then you are the seed of Abraham, heirs according to the pro mis ." In the New Testament, we find instances of pious and rood men having slaves, and in no case do we find the Sariour imputing it to them as a crime, or requiring their servants emancipation. In chapter viii of St Matthew, we read of a centurion who addressing the Lord Jesus, said, v. 9: For I also am a man of authority, having soldiers under me; and I say to this man, Go, ud he coeth; and to another, Come, and he cometh; and to rat servant. Do this, andhe .doth it. lo. And Jesus bearing this, wondered, and Süd to those thut followed him. Amen, I say to you, I have not found so great faith In Israel." 13 "And Jesus said to the centurion, Go. and as thou hast believed, so be it done to thee. And the servant was. healed at the same hour." St. Luke in chapter vil relates also the testimony which the ancients of Israel gave of this stranger's virtue, and how he loved their na tion and built a synagogue for them. In many of Iiis parables, the c-aviour describes the master and his servants in a variety of ways, without any condemnation or censure of slavery. Id Luke, xvn. He describes the usual mode of acting towards slaves as the very basis upon which He teaches one of the most useful leasoos of Christian virtue. V. 7. "But which of you, having a servant ploughing or deeding cattle, will sar to him. when he is come from the field. immediately, Go sit down. 8. And will not rather say to him, Make ready my supper, and gild thyself, and serve me while I eat aud drink. and afterwards thou shalt eat and drink? 9. D th he thank tha; servant because he did the things thitwere commanded him? 10. I think not. So vou also, when you shall have done all the things that are commnnded you, say, We are unprofitable servants, we have done thit which we ought to do." Alter the promulgation of the Cnnstian re ligion by the Apostles, the slave was nut told by them that he was in a state of unchristian du rance. I Cor. vn.ZU: ".Let every may abide in the same calling in whHi he was Called. 21. Art thou called, being a bondman; care not for it; hut if thou may est be made free, use it rather. 22. For he that ia called in the Lord, beinc a bondman, is the freeman of the Lord. Likewise he tint is called beinir free, is the bondman of Christ. 23. You are bought with a price, be not made the boud slaves of men. 24 Brethren, let every man. wherein he was called, therein abide with God Thus a man by becom:ng a Christiaiu was not either made free or to'd that be was free, but be was advised, if he could lawfully procure his freedom, to prefer it to slavery. The 23d verse has exactly that meaning, which we bnd expressed also in chap, vi 20: "tor you are bought with a great price; glorify and bear God in vour bodv. which is addie-sed to the free as well as to the slave; all are the servants of God, and should not be drawn from his service by the devices of men, but should walk worthy of the vocation in which they are called " Enh. iv. 1, and the price bv which their souls (not their bod ies) were redeemed, is also described by St. Peter, l,e i. 10: "Knowihg that you were not redeemed with corruptible gold or silver from your vain conversation of the tradition of your fathers," 19 "But thri precious blood of Chris, as a lamb unspotted and undetiled. 1 bat it was a spirituai redemption aud a spiritual service, St. Paul again shows, Heb. ix 14. "How much more shall the blood of Christ, who through the Holy Ghost offered Himself without spot to God, cleanse our sonscience from dead works to servo the living God?" It is then a spiritual equality, as we be'lore rem irked, in the words of St. Paul, 1 Cor. xii. 13: " For iu one spirit we are baptised Into one body, w hether Jews or Gentiles, whether bond or free " And iu the same chapter he ex patiates to show that though all members of the one mystical body, their places, their duties, their gifts are various and different. And in his epistle to the Galatians, chap, iv., he exhibits the great truth w hich ho desires to inculcate by an illustration taken from the iustitution of slavery, and without a single expression of their censure Nor did the Apostles consider the Christian master obliged to liberate his Christian servant. St. Paul, iu his Epistle to Philemon, acknowl edge? the right of the mister to the services of his slave, for whom, however, he asks, as a special favor, pardon for hiving deserted his owner 10 "I beseech thee for my son Ouesimu, who-n I have begottou in my chains. , 11. Who was heretofore unprofitable to thee, but now profitable both to thee aud me 12 Whom I hat e sent back to thee. Aud do thou receive him as my own bowels." Thus, a runaway slave still belonged to bis master, and though having liecotne a Christian, so far from being thereby liberated from service, he w as bound to return thereto end submit himself to his owner. In the same manner that St Paul sent Onesimus, did the nisei send A?;ar. Gen. xiv. 6: "And when Sarai afll'cted her, she ran awav. 7. And the angel of the LopI having found her by a fount ain of water in the wilderness, whicb is in the w ty to Uur in the desert, t. He said to her: Agar, haudtpaid of Sarai, whence comest thouT and whither go est thou? Aud she auswered: I flee from the face of Sarai, my mistress. 9. And the angel of the Lord stid to her: Return to thy mistress and humble thyself under her hand." St. Paul, indeed, in v. 8, says. "Though" I tniiiht have much confidence in Chrwt Jesus to command thee that which is to the purpose." It was the command of friendship, and upon the plea of gratitude, as he exhibits in r. IS: "rot to say to me that thou owest me thv owu self also," because of the conversion and instruction of Philemou by the Apostle, and the friendship is exhibited in r.22: "But withal prepare me also a lodging; for I hope through your Dray ers I shall be given unto you." Still the Apostle felt that even notwithstanding all those grounds, the right of Philemon subsisted unimpaired 13. "Whom I would have detained with me, that he might hire ministered to me in the bonds of the Gospel. ' 14. But without thy counsel I would do nothing, that thy good deed might not be as it were of necessity, but voluntary." It is true that iu v. 16 the Apostle requests his manumission. but in v. 18 be exhibits his readiuess to pay his ransom if required. "And if he hath wrouged thee in anything, or is in thy debt, put it to my account. , And he makes himself legally re sponsible. 19. "I, Paul, have written with my own hand, I w'll repay it." Philemon acceded to the request of St. Paul, forgave Oncsimua, and sent him to Home to serve the Apo6tIe, from whom be received his freedom, and was one of the bearers of the letter to the Collossians. (Col. lv. 9 ) . , ....... Again, it is manifest from the Epistle of St, Paul to Timothy, that the title of the master continued good to bis slave, though both should be Christians, chapter viu "VV hosoever are sery ants under the yoke, let them count their masters worthy of all honor, lest the name and doctrine cf our Lord be blasphemed. 2. But they who hare believing masters ,let them not despise tbeni, because they are brethren; but serve them the rather, because they are faithful and beloved who are partakers of the beoent. 1 bese things ex hort and teach." And in the subsequent part he declares the contrary teaching to be against the sound words of Jesus Christ, and to spring from ignorant pride, Slava are still further urged by the Apostle to due obedience, in his Epistle to the Ephesians, vi. 5: "Servants, obey your carnal masters with fear trembling, in the simplicity of your heart, ns Christ. 6, Not serving to the eye, aa it wete pleatong men, but as the servants of Christ, doing the will of God from the heart, i. With a good will doing service lo the Lord a U'i not to men 8 Knowing, that whatsoever good everyone shall do, tha sauie shall he receive from the Lord whether he boud or frea " And again in bia Epistle to the Colossians, cb- in, 22. "Servants obey in ail things your masters, according to the flesh, not serving with the ere, as pleasing men but ia simplicity of heart, fearing God. 22 Whatever you do, do it from the heart, as to the a x-k S I ixmi, ana not to men.- H4. n.nowing mat you aball receive of the Lord the reward of Inheritance.. '.Serve ye tha Lord Jesus Christ- 25. For he that doth an injury, thall rcceire for that

which he hath done unjustly, and there is no respect of persons with God." The Apostle of St. Peter quite aware of tha great temptation to impatience and obstinacy which the misconduct of the master, not seldom, threw in the way of the servant, enters at considerable length and urges the most powerful mo tives to the Christian slave to induce bim by the example and grace cf the Savior to be patient. 1 Peter ii.-18: "Servants, be subject to yovr masters with all fear, not only to the good and gentle, but also to the fro ward. 19. For this is thankworthy, if for conscience towards God, a man endure sorrows, suffering wrongfully. 20. For what fSkrj is it, if sinning and being buffeted you suffer it. But if doing well you suffer patiently, this is thankworthy before God. 21. For unto this you have been called, because Christaiso suffered for us. leaving you an example that you should follow His steps. 22. Who did no ain, neither was guile found in His mouth. 23. Who when He was reviled did not revile; when He suffered. He threatened not; but delivered Himself to him that judged Him unjustly. 24. Who himself bore our sins in His own body upon the tree: that we, being dead to sins, should lire to justice; by whose stripes you were healed. 25. For you were as sheep going astray; but you are now converted to the pastor and bishop of of your souls.". ' Erasmus says that Cicero never wrote with greater eloquence than did St. Paul in the Epistle to Philemon. And we may ooth add, that never was there a more touching appeal to worried ser rants than this address of the Prince of the Apostles. Thus each Apostle besought one class, recommending mercy and kindness to the master: obedience, fidelity, and affection to the slave. It will now fully establish what will be necessary to perfect the view which I desire to give, if I can show that masters who were Christians

were not require I to emancipate their slaves, but had pointed out the duties which they were bound as masters to perform, because this will show under the Christian dispensation the legal, moral and religious existn re cf the slave and master. The A post!es, as we have previously seen, (1 Tim, vi. 2.) wrote of slaves who h id believing or Christian misters. The inspired penman did not address his instructions and exhortations to men who were not of the household of the faith. 1 Cor. r. 11: "For what hive I to do, to judge them that are without? 13. For them that are without, God will judge; take away the evil one from amongst yourselves." Thus when he addresses masters, Iher are " Christian misters. Ephes. vi 9: "And you. masters, do the same things to them (servants), forbearing threaten Ings, knowing tint the Lord both of them and you is in heaven: and there is no respect of per sons with Him;" and again, Col a. iv. 1: "Masters, do to your servants that which is just and equal: knowing that you also have a master in heaven." We have then in the teaching of the Apostles nothing which contradicts the law of Moses, but we have much which corrects the cruelty of the Pagan practice. The exhibition which is pre sented to us U oue of a cheering and of an ele vated character. It is true that the state of slavery is continued under the legal sanction, but the slave is taught from the most powerful mo tives to be faithful, patient, obedient and contented, and the maater taught that though despotism may pass unpunished on earth, it will be examined into at the bar of heaven; and though the slave owes Mm bodily service, yet the soul of this drudge, having been purchased at the same price as his own, and sanctified by the same lc.ver of regeneration, he who is slave according to the flesh, is his brother according to the spirit. . His humanity, his charity, his affection, are enlisted and interested, and he feels that his own father is also the father of the slave, hence, though the servant must readily and clieen'olly pay him homage and perform his behest on earth, yet they mir be on an equality in heaven. ' How striking, sir, is the contrast between the slave under Paganism and the slave under Christianity? The one dreads only him who can kill the body aud then baa no more power; the other fears him who having slain the body, can ca?t both body and soul into hell fire. The fear ol the Lord becomes the saleguard of society, the shield of the owner, and the support of the owned. The example of the Saviour is the best monition td him who governs to do so with tenderness, affection, and charity, blendid with wholesome discipline and necessary restraint; whilst to the governed it is the most impressive lesson of resignation to the Divine will, the most effectual exhortation to patient obedi ence, and the best direction to the attainment of lasting peace and high happiness. The unfortunate Pagan saw no prospect beyond the grave of a recompense for humility, for submission and for obedience. or did his mas ter understand the value of a soul, the nature of beatitude, or the merit of men-v; he saw t stern despotism, reckless ambition, aud proud and un feeling oppression deified, and in the treatment or his slaves he emulates his gods; whilst bis unfortunate servant crouched before a tyrant whom he hated, and desired the ruin of oue from whom he received little kindness. To the Christian slave was exhibited the hu miliation of an incarnate God. the suffering of an unoffending victim, the invitatiou of this model of perfection to that meekness, thafhumil:ty, that peaceful spirit, that charity and forgiveuess of injuries which constitute the glorious beatitudes. He was shown the advantage of suffeitrg. thereward of patience, and the narrow road along whose rugged ascents he was to bear the cross, walking in the footsteps ol his Saviour. The curtains which divide both worlds were raised as he advanced, and he beheld Lazirusin the bosom of Abraham, whilst the rich man vainly cried to have this once miserable beggar allowed to dip the tip of his finger in water, and touch it to his tongue, for he was tormented in thit fltme. Thus, sir, did the Legislator of Christianity, whilst he admitted the legality of slavery, render master merciful, and the slave faithful, obedient, and religious, looking for his freedom in that region where alone true and lasting enjoyment cau b found. I shall proceed, sir, to select a few of the many evidences which the intermediate ages furbishes to show the continued legality of domestic slavery, and to exhibit its perfect compatibility with the sound principles of the Christian moral code, adducing the evidence from the records of that Church over which Pope Gregory XVI, so happily presides, and thus conclusively showing that fn his apostolic " letter he does not "Condemn it immoral or illegal; because the Pope is the divinely constituted and authorized witness of the doctrine and morality of the unchanging Church, and not a despot who can alter that teaching at his mere will; either to add to the 'despot of faith, or to change the principles of that morality for w;iose promulgation she is divinely commissioned. I hive the honor tobe. Sir, , Respectfully, ic , tJou.v, Bishop Vf Charleston. Charleston, S. C , Oct. 21, 1840. Administering the Constitution. Mr. Madidou snil that the difference between , Hamilton and Jeffersou consisted in this that tbe former sought to mdminittrmlion the Constitution into what, he thought it ought to have been, and the latter sought to administer it as it . was intended by its f ramer, and understood by . tbe States which ratified it. Such is the exact difference, after seventy five years, between the Republican and Democratic party. History repeats itself iu political as it does in all . other respects, man familiar with the history of his government can fail to discover the analogies between that political theory which eaiae uear pro- . ducing a civil war, and that which has produced , a civil war. The difference is due primarily to the poverty of the United States iu 1790, its receut experience of war, and the infinitely . smaller, interests affected; but, secondarily aud principally, to the spirit of self sacrifice of the great Democratic leader, aud the patriotism which made bim willing to endure a wrong for ' tbe sake of the Union. Our renders may possibly bate forgotten or neglected to note the oc- , currence to which- we lallude. The Estern States at that time owned the largest share of the State claims for expenses incurred during the war for independence., They sought the assumption of those debts by the Ui.ited States. . Iu other words, they proposed that other States should be taxed for their special benefit. - Such an assumption was clearly not coustitu- . tional. Congress had aa much delegated right . to pay the debt of Massachusetts aa to pay the . debt ol Great Britain. The project was defeated In the House by a small majority. So high were the feuds excited on the subject . thtt.on-ils rejection business waa suspended; Luugre met aud adjourned Irutu tuy to day

without doing anything. The eattern member$ threatened $ecetsion nd dUtolution. Hamilton, in despair, appealed to Jefferson. That great man used bia influence, and procured the change of some votes from Virginia and saved the Union. The location of the seat of government on the rotoraac was used as the reason of the change This was the first of the great series of compromises, in all of which the Eastern Stales always made the exchange of Diomedes, giving an old suit of iron armor and receiving one of gold. It is perhaps not a little remarkable that neither Hamilton nor Jefferson seemed to bare had the notion : that the threats of dissolution and secession should be met by an announcement of coercion. That the phisical power to coerce was not in the hands of the government may possibly be the reason the idea never presented itself to their minds. Statesmen are always practical; they deal with materials aa they are, and never fall into the foolish notion, of rhetoricians like Sumner, that you can act with human passion and prejudices aa the Flat head Indians do with their papooses. This administration, from the President to the humblest official, from tbe Senator to the scribe, through every ramification of impolicy, ia saturated with the idea that tbe Constitution of tbe United Sutes is a piece of dough or a band of indja rubber; that it can be moulded, streatched shortened, flattened, fashioned to the purpose - of assumed philantbrophy, of assured stock-brokering, of . enriching individuals, of impoverishing individuals, of damming one channel of trade, of opening another, of regulating interest on money and moral sentiments, of creating banks, of destroying banks, of settling political opinions, of punishing political opinions, of expounding law, and of constructing constitutions. To it tbe decisions ot that court expressly created to define and protect rights are nothing, the laws of trade are nothing, the laws which govern the human mind are toothing, the laws which control morals ate nothing.

It has used the Constitution, "l'ke a wotnau of the town plying her vocation. (If. Y- World. F1CO.TI WASIUXUfOX. Proposed Amendment to ibe Conaeriptlon Bill and their Probable t-'ate Grown Injuotire of tit e Presens Ac Confederate Flans for (lie Next Campaign. ' .. ' SpcUl Correrpond nee of the Chicago Times J Washington, December üä. One of the most curious features iu the pro ceedings of Congress thus far is that which re lates to the manner in w hielt the members, ot different parties, treat the conscription act. 1 be conservative members would de.-ire to repeal the act altogether, asunwise, unjust, and w holly unnecessary. But that at present is out of the question. The radical members are endeavoring to graft upon it several amendments, which, if passed, would tend lo uiuke it Iii I more odious and oppressive than it now is; and they are endearoring, too, to lotce these amendments through instanter. The majority of the members of the House, however, stem disposed to obtain all the light I her can upon the practical working of the act, and to amend it in such a manner as will make it as little oppressive as possible. The notorious Scheuck has commenced bis Congressional career at this session bv an at tempt to force upon the bill an amendment that would make it a thousand times more oppresive than it is now, namely, to abolish the two classes of those enrolled, and to throw both into one class. His persistent attempt to force this ex ceediugly unjust measure attracted to bim some remarks more emphatic than complimentary, and the proposal was promptly voted down. It is stated, however, that Schenck acted in this affair in accordance with the wishes ot the administration, and that tho whole power of the Utter will be exerted to procure the passage of Schenck's amendment at aa early day. It seems, to judge Irotn the present temper of the House, that the exemption clause will be retained, bat the amouut will probablv be raised to $3O0; and in that case it will be distinctly stated that the Day ment of that amount secures exemption for three years. An amendmeut wiil be proposed in a day or two, changing somewhat 'he composition of the two classes ot enrolled men, so as to make them correspond with the French svstem, which is, con fessedly, the nvst ju-t and the least oppressive system of conscription in the world (if that can be called more just which at the best is bad at Shakspeare stvs of murder.) In accordance with this amendment the first class will comprise II unmarried men and widowers without children, between the age ol twenty and forty five years; aod married men, and widowers with children, between the same ages, will constitute the ecoud class. The first class is to be exhausted belore the second class is called upon. The justice of this amendmeut is obvious ut once. 1 he experi ence of every member of Congtes has brought to bis notice during the last tew months, the cases of many un tori unite men, who, merely be cause they were between the ages of twentv aud thirty-five, were drafted, and were compelled to enter the army because they were too poor to raise the $300. These men were married and had families.. 1 know of several instances myself, aud have heard of a great imny more. These unfortunate men were from 30 to 32 years of age. Trei wives were young women of from 24 to 5i8 years of age, many of them io delicate health. As long as their husbands -remained with tbeui they were spared the necessity of labor. Iteyond their strength, and were enabled to provide the necessary comforts for their families. They had, son) one, some two, and some three childreu eaet none of the children over seven years of age, trdt all healthy and stroDg. Xow -mark the result of the operation of oue single fecture of the conscription act as it Iii Of the families of this kii.d coming under my own observation, one nrnn only was able to raise the requisite $.'HXI, ami so got exempt. But this debt of $30(1 hanging over him keeps him, and will keep, him and his family all this winter, in a state of great destitution and suffering. , Yet his is a happy case compared to the others. The w ife of another poor man who had to go aud leave her.endearored heroically tolabor for tha support of her little family. But the labor was beyond her strength aud she fell sick and died, leaving three orphan children, without a relativ in the world. What will become of them? The wife -of knother man, who has been thus forced into the army, was already in delicate health, and needed all her husband's care. She is now on her death bed, and will die in a few days, leaving an infant to the cold charity of the WOt hl. The wife of another conscript has become deranged in consequence of i Ins loss of her busband and companion, and is now the inmate of a lunatic asylum, while her two children, both beautiful little girls, are in the poor-house. 1 mention these cases, because they are not isolated instances, but are the types ot hundreds of others of the same kind. It is in onler to avert suffer ing and injustice of this kind that the amendment last allnded to will be introduced - ' - The statement in my Jat letter, in regard to the movements of (en. Longs:rett, are eonfirmed by the facts hielt came to' lixht yesterday , und whicb aro tardily published this morning. - ; ; " ' There is a rumor prevalent here to the effect that tbe Confederates are ja-eparing for a grand assault on Washington and an invasion of the North, to take place next spring'-' Quite a num ber of gentlemen lute at rived here front' Richmond recently, and from them anil from other and even better sources of information, I tin in possession of certain facts which enable me to say that no such design is entertained at Rich mond at present, but that Mich n expedition may be undertaken in the spring, in the event of a certain contingency; that is. if the Army of the Potomac either remains w here it is now, or occupies any other position between Washington and the Kapjdan River, or undertakes another overland campaign to Richmond. In either one of these cases, it is pretty certain that we may look out about next May for atr attack vn the capital or an invasion of the North. On the othr band, if the Cosfederatew ascertain that a Peninsular campaign is tobe onderlaken, or that Richmond is to be attacked front the direction of Petersburg, no attack on Washington and no invasion of the North sieed be feared, because io that case the Confederates-will have all they can do to defend Richmond. If the Administration really wished to end ibe war, that would be the way to do it. The best way to defend Washington, Indeed the only way In which Washington can be perfectly secure, U by attacking Richmond either from the east or fron the south. : Richmond could be taken by auch an expedition, properly organized and led.- And wbcu Ulchmotid falls, Charleston,

Savannah and Wilmington would quickly follow. Th military part of the rebellion would then be pretty well crushed. The armies of the South would then have been conquerf d. What would thru remain to be done would L to hbji catx the cooTar But by that time the next Presidential election would hare taken place, and thtt work could be left for the next Administration. ' X.

.nr. Haben Dale Uwn n Historical Precedents. If the Hon Robert Dale Oweu has bot woo the eternal gratitude of this Administration, then are we sure that gratitude can enter into no part of the compositions of President Lincoln andhia advisers. Mr. Owen is 4 plausible writer, in w hatever cause he may employ hi pen whether as an ndrocateof agrarianism, of free love as displayed in his works entitled "Moral Physiology," of woman's rights, of abolitionism, and other measure of Mr. Lincoln's Administration. As an imaginative w riter he probably has no superior, as wituess his book of ghost stories, issued from the press soon after his return front Naples.When Mr. Lincoln, abandonii j the posit iou be took in the early part of his Administration, that he had no power, under the Constitution, to interfere with slavery in the several Stages, determined to make an attempt at wholesale emancipation, Mr. Owen, with the alacrity of an attorney or a lackey boy, went to wt rk, through the columnt of the New York Tribune, to Fhow that the President could abolish slavery in the States without at all violating tbe Constitution. So also, on several subsequent occasions, he has rushed into print for tbe double purpose of airing bis learning and serving the cause ot the radicals. Mr. Owen's lajt effort In his occupation of apologist snd defender of the art of the Administration we fiud in tbe Tribune of a late date, bearing the caption "The Pardoning Power .Historical Precedents." Tbe article is inteude; as an apology for the so called "Proclamation of Amnesty" appended ta the President's Message. Mr. Owen, however. In this production, labors under one difficulty, which some people might consider a serious one, to wit, tiiat with all the historical lore' at his command, be can find no precedent for the proclamation iu question. Had it been possible to produce a precedent, undoubt edly Mr. Owen would have brought it forth with all the particularity and cirenmstantiality of a young lawyer iu preparing Ms first brief, because, Mr. Owen being vetsed in all history, ancient and mod err, , sac-red and profane, it would be at his fingers' ends, ready for this great emergency. We now come to Mr. Owen's "Historical Precedents." They are three in number. First, tbe case of Charles the Second, when preparing to ascend the throne of bis decapitated father, after he deposition of Richard Cromwell; second, the pardon granted by George the Second lo tbe Scottish rebels who had taken np arms in behalf of the Pretender. The third case is that of tbe pardon or amnesty granted by President Wash ington to tbe men some fifteen thousand in number who had been engaged in tbe Whislr Insurrection in Western Pennsylvania Bat neither of these cases furnishes a precedent for the proclamation of amnesty issued by Mr. Liu coin. In neither of tbe proclamations issued by the English Kings is the pardoned rebel require! to take sn oath to support tbe royal edicts that bad been or might be issued. We quote from the proclamation of King Charles, following Mr. Oweu: I "We do graut a fiee and genervl pardon, which we are ready, upon demand, to pass under our Great Seal of England, to all our subjects, of what degree or quality soever, who, within forty days after the publishing thereof, shall lay bold upon this our grace and favor, and shall by any public act declare their doing so, and that they return to their loyaltj or obedience of pood subjects, excepting only such persons aa shall hereafter be accepted by Parliament." Parliamentary History of England, Vol. IV., p. 15. It will We seen that the implicated parties wete merely required to 6how their return to loyalty by "any public act." All that was necessary waa that they should declare in the presence of the -Mayor of a town, or a J ustice of the Peace, or iu the presence of witness, that they owed allegiance to the King instead of the Commonwealth. No oath was required that tbey would support all the edicts that King Charles had issued or might issue ou certain subjects. In the case of the amnesty granted by George II to tbe insurgents who had fought for the Pretendtr in 1747, a full and free pardon was granted to all except about eighty, who were bauisjed from the kingdom, but most of whom were subsequently pardoned and permitted to return. The only condition to this amnesty was th t those who accepted it should make their public declaration of the fact within forty dayt. . We should think Mr. Owen would be ashtned to cite the proclamation of amnesty hued by President Washington to tbe Whisky Insurrectionists as a "precedent" for Mr. Lincoln's Proc lamation. What are the facts? . Although ample powers were vested in him to suppress the rebellion by force of arms, he chose to adopt a more conciliatory policy, and therefore appointed three commissioners to treat with the insurgents and their leaders, aud by this means, followed by ' a free pardon, he put an end to tbe rebellion. Mr. Lincoln, acting directly contrary to the exi tuple set by the illustrious lather of hiscountry.has uniformly refused to have any comaiuuicati on with the rebels.oi to ascertain whether by conciliatory measures, the war cannot be ended and the Uuiou restored. Geu. Washington did not ask the insurrectionists to swear that they w ould abjure the use of whisky, as Mr. Liucoln demands that the rebels of our day shall abjure tbe possession of slaves. And yet there would have been just aa much logic iu tieu. Washington proclaiming that, . whisky being the cau.-eof the rebellion of I7i)j, . no more w hisky should bo made or drank, a: in Mr. Lincoln declaring that slavery being the canof tbe rebellion of 1?61, slavery, should no longer exist. f N. A. Ledger ' . IIa rbar ism in Boston The following is from the Boston Post: A photograph of the young girl's shoulders whipped in the House of Reformation ts requested aa a companion for that photograph of the back of a whipped southern slave, much exhibited of late by teslbetic Leaguers. This allusion will be understood by those who ' win read the following statement from the Boston Bulletin: - . "HaVXAllSM IX THS HOISX OF RlJOKM ATIOX. Edwiu Wright, J oho O. Hogers, Isaac Ames and Scbeus C. Maine, the judges ol the Police Court, and the judge of Probate who are the inspectors . of prisons for Suffolk county, and whom we have reason to believe are meu of veracity have just made a report of their last inFpection to the Board of Aldermen, in which they expose a brutality which we trust will not be suffered to pass bv lightly. .... . "To be brief, according to their report, the prisoners are half starved in the house of correction, and in tho house of reformation (reformation, indeed!) a girl seventeen years of age bad been flogged by the superintendent, wbo said. 'I struck her with all my might; she would not yield. I sent for a longer stick, and the she held out ber baud.' After this beating and this submission she waa committed to the ce'i and the food of the solitary, where she remained several days. The welts from tbe blows were distinctly risible on her shoulders when the inspectors visited the institution seven daya after. Iu the course ot tbe investigation they were iu formed that in the boys' departrueut tbe punishments are sometimes inflicted with an ordinary wagon whip by tho superintendent in person. "Besides this barbarity, the inspector state that, with the exception "of the House of Reformation lor jovenile offenders, where oue spacious 'bathing tub is used, "all the prisons are provided with the ordinary bathing tuba, from three to seven in number, placed sk'e by side, at distances of from 12 to 24 inches .-part, in open rooms, with iio screen or protection whatever; and in" lhee publicly exposed tubs, the prisoners, men. women aud girls,' in their respectite departments, iu groups of from three to seven, are required to perform, their ablutions. Old offenders, young; ofl'eoders. girl of nine and ten rears of age.a'.ike must disrobe themselves, aud in full observation of their fellows and officers, in a state of utter nudity, euler the bath, perform iu duty, and partake of iu refresh ment." In the name of humanity are bot the "Greeks at our doors," aud would it not be as well for us to turn our attention to some of the (loggers of white woBicti at the North as well aa their broth- ' er brutes further south who have had the screen of law and the poor excuso of a difference of coW and tho right of owucrshipof thair victims?

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