Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 20, Number 41, Indianapolis, Marion County, 6 March 1861 — Page 2

WEEKLY SEN I IN EL

TIARCH :, 1461 The Peac Conlf rrnrr. Ex-President Tt lex denounces the result of the Conference a x worthier affair in a speech at Richmond, and gave it xs his opinion that the South has nothing to hope from the Republicans. Mr. Siddm, member of the Conference, in his denunciations of the pronounced them an in seit an off reports the Virginia. to the South. The telegraph feeling to be increasing in "Tne Benevnlent Institution." The Journal, in xn article upon the benevolent , vesterdav, grossly misrepresents the It says "not x single Whig was allowed a place on any ot tbe boards. Mr. rrxa, x ö mg.

was elected a Trustee of the Insane Asylum, in ; nidtft or el,c wc niut conclude that the l?5-2-3, a position which he has held for eleven j presi dent himself had not definitely determined years. Then it states that "the Blind Asylum ! upon hifl own Certainly the message has Baaed immediately turned out Mr CutacHsi an, j n Jncksoniaii ring which was promised, and !;r no other reason than that he was a Whig." it ia gent in those positive qualitiC3 which disMr. C. was not remjved until l!?55 or '56, nor was tinguisbe)1 ..Qid Hickory." The New York lie removed for party reasons. The main motive j Triiune wnj ..ni ;t as intending coercion, while was, that he had involred the institution in debt. ; mnj journaiTHiBLow Weld s paper Hr. Pattkxsom resigned his position two years be ! wi(1 p, jt Ä, favoring an op.tosite policy. We tore Mr. CaKacHMas. uninfluenced by political j shaI, look with no Hu)e .nty tor these aiitag-.nsidera-.ions. All sorts of charges lud been j onistic expressions of the opposite schools in the

.referred against him in lb'2, through the newspapers here and other sources, for the purpose of Talking him down. The Legislature raise-1 a joint committee of investigation, composed in part of eight or ten physicians, of which Dr. Athos was chairman. After x thorough investi gation, occupying three days, he was honorablv sly acquitted. No political coosidinvolved. He, however, became j thoroughly disgusted with the course which had ee:i pursued against him, xnd voluntarily re igned. The Democrats would have continued him in office until now, if he had desired thesituation, xnd he would have had Dr. Atho.n's sup port. Dr. Athox wxs not xppointel Superintendent at the sie. .a, instance of Col. Mobuison, and in fact he hod nothing to do with it. Dr. A. had a .ion of his own to recommend him to the and he had besides some two or three exuerience iu general hospital practice. Dr. I'attexson was extremely solicitous that Dr. A. should take the place and visited him to urge it upon him He had the endorsement of the Board lSöö when it wau composed of five Democrats and two Whigs, and he baa since been twice unan imously re-elected when the Board wxs equally divided politically. Dr. Elliot, the assistant physician, and Mr. Bxai'SHaw, steward, were not removed by Dr. A. on account of their partisanshij , as charged by the Journal. Mr. Bxadshaw retired from the Institution eighteen months before Dr. A. took charge of it, and Dr. E. had resigned to get married, his resignation having been accepted by Dr Pattlkso.t. The by-laws of the Ay!um excluded married ass stents, but at Dr. A.'s request they were suspended and he wxs reappointed in the spring rf 1 f" 5 1 and boarded his family In the Institu'ion The Board thought he was in possesion of some valuable information about the heatrg apparatus, and for that reason principally he was reinstated, but it turned out tint he r.ew nothing about it. In 1?55 he was not iominated, as the expenses of the Asylum were increased bv the keeping of his family, and :"r the additional reason that he was an insufferable iutermeddler. Dr. E. professed to be a Democrat while in the Asylum; claimed that he voted the Democratic ticket, and advocated Detn.tcratic principles. After his removal he suddenly changed his politics, doubtless to t. dist sympathy in his behalf. If he had been a Whig all this time it shows that lie held his principles and conscience mighty cheap. Certxinly no one cared what his politic were. Mrs. Wx.gmt, the Journal siys, who was Matron, was discharged because her relations were not Democrats. She was advance.! in years, and the duties of the position required a woman of more activity. She wxs from Louisville, had but one friend in Indiana who was a voter, and his politics were not known. Four matrons have been appointed since, all of whom "were not Democrats," and their relation and friends were Whigs or Republicans. "And our citizens know" the Journal aids, "that from Superintendent to cook, that the institution is and has been rabidly partisan." The cooks have been negroes, (rentable Blxck Republicans,) and minors with one exception, and his politics are not known. A portion of tlte employees have always been known as Republicans, and have voted tbe Republican ticket. The discussion of politics in the Asylum by employees and attend ants is strictly prohibited, and they are never alluded to. That is the policy of the institution. The voters xmong them go to the polls and vote as they please, but Dr. Atiiox always cautions them not to go unless entitled to exercise the elective franchise, as he would not have the odium of illegal voting resting upon the institution. A correspondent of the Journal, signed "Wxyne," ax . i "the managers of the Hospital have frequently boasted that they gave sixty Democratic votes in Wayne township." This charge is fslse and "Wayne" knows it. There are neverover twe.ity two to twenty-five voters in the Hospital. AU his other clurges are equally untrue, and he can not substantiate one. Outside of the institution the officers xnd employees exercise "freedom" of speech and "freedom" of action. Partisanship has no influence in making purchases for the Asylum, but they are mule as the Board directs. The reports will show from whom the supplies were bought, and the places were selected where the best and cheapest articles could be purchased. We have noticed these charges somewhat at length, because they are made recklessly and maliciously, to influence the action of the Legislature. If the Accusations of the Journal have any foundxtion, why has not the official conduct of Dr. Athox been iavesti gated': lie challenges the closest scrutiny of all his official acts. In conclusion, we would irr;uire why are no charges brought against Mr. Macinttxx, of the Deaf and Dumb Asylum? Is it not because he is a Republican? If proscriptive partisanship influence! the management of the benevolent institutions while under the charge of the Democracy, how comes it that he has retained his place? H IS he not always been xn active partisan in opposition to the Democratic party? The treachery of Gen. Twioo is without apology and has damaged the causa which he attempted thereby to promote. Most justly lias his name been stricken from the Army roll in disgrace. By one false step he has forever tarnished x name associated with many gallant deeds in mainianing the honor of his country. If be thought it his duty to render allegiance to his native State, he wax bound by every principle of honor to first surrender tbe trust be held into the hands frc m whence it came. The excuse that he was unwilling to I; the agent to inaugurate xn internecine strife, that he would not wage war upon American citizens, is no justification for this act of dishonor He could have relieved himself from that responsibility h" surrendering his commission If he bad done that he would have maintained his own self respect and that of the country. ComraciAL FiTixx or the Sorm. The Augusta Constitutionalist says recent political events have awakened in the South an intense interest for her commercial future. The policy is to promote, by every nie in it hr command, direct trade with Europe. The subject is one of vxst magnitude, and the facts involved in tbe problem are mnititadiatMs, and complicated enough to tax all the mental resources of her wisest statesmen and mercliants. Damagjxg to Somekodt Some of the Southern paper are publishing side by side the speeches of President Davis and President Lincon on their progress to their respective fields f. duty. This is a cruel mod? of attacking the qualifications of our Prencent elect.

Tlio Inaugural. The inaugural address ut Mr. Lincoln in style and iu cle.tr and explicit expression of the opinions held and the polio which will guide the new ad

ministration, fall far below those of his predeces sors upon similar occasions. It bears unmistakable evideuce of having been prepared by the President himself. Mr. Lincoln restricts himself to the discussion of the existing political troubles of the country. While he disavow any intention to assail his "dissatisfied country men," lie asserts that "the power confided to him will be used to hold, occupy and possess the property and places belonging to the General Government, and to , collect duties and imports," unless his "rightful ! masters, the American people, shall withhold the requisite means, or in some authorative manner diiect the contrary. " Either the address is artfully prepare 1 to conceal his views, so that a different construction may be . .rennlm to the svmpathies of Uepiiblioaa partv. The general reader will, how - ever. rise from the perusal of the document with the inquiry. "What does Mr. Lincoln mem"? We have not space thie morning to review the various positions and inconsistencies of the in- ; j augural. His remark in reference to the dcoisions of the Supreme Court, the tribunal provi- ! ded br the Constitution for the final arbitrament of anv ,j,SputeJ constitutional questions, will hive an unfavorable effect upon his "dissatisfied countmnen." The minorities have right as well M the majority and that tribunal has been lojkod upon as a safeguard, a barrier ag-iin-t the unjust encroach merits of the latter upon the former. If the deci-Mims of that tribunal are subject to I review and reversal by a majority of the people.it will afford no protection or security to the rights of minorities. Mr. Lincoln rather cautiously favors a N i tional Convention to consider ant! propose iniend- J ments to the Constitution, as in this way the peopie themselves can determine the issues in controversy. if the President is anxious to obtain an expression of the popular will, could it not be : accomplis'fvl more promptly and definitely by submitting propositions direct! v for their .;p; roval or rejection? Like Mr. Buchanan, the new President has great faith in Divine Providence to guide us safely out of our present troubles. We hope the conti- ! dence may not be misplaced. We are enjoined, however, to work as well as pray, and we have no doubt that a few grains of concession, com promise, and conciliation would go far to reconstruct the Union and re-tore the blessings which it h;is conferred upon us. We certainly wish the President every success in the rightful discharge o his Constitutional duties. The ceremonies attending the inauguration were ot the most impressive and imposing character, and Mr. Lincoln was safely ensconced in the White Em-e, greitly to the relief of Gen. Scon, and without the necessity of another hegira. The .Hew Senate. On Monday a special session of the United States Senate was called Iu it there is a ver decided change iu political character. The retirement of the Senators from Alabama. Florida, tJeryia, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina and Texas leive but twenty-seven States to le represented. Of these Kansas has not elected her Senators, thus reducing the whole number to fifty-two Senators. There are also vacancies by the failure to elect from California and Misseuri, leaving the number of Senators elect at fifty. The new Senate will consist of the following Senators: Ohio. S P Cha-e, It, B F Wade, R. litlatcar. W P FesseuJcu, K, L II Morrill. It. S ic II tm rthir. J P H v . R, Daniel Citric, R. Vermont. Solomon Foot, K, Jacob Collaner, R. JtlMUhuAftt. Charles Sumner, It, IJeurv Wilson. R. Rhitdj Mind. J W Simn.ons. K, H B Anthony, R. ('"I Itrvt icut. Jame Iiixon, H, Laf S Fottrr, it. MM Yvrk. James A Bayard, D, Willard Sauisbury, D. Xtirytand. James A Pearce, I), Anthony Kennedy, A. I iryinia. Jame M Mason, D, It il T Hunter, D. X.trth Carolina. Tho-" Bragp, P, T L Clinginan, D. Tennsaare. Andrew Johnson, D, A U P Nicholson, I). Kentucky. 3 C Breckinridge, L, L W Powell. I). MiiuiaHt i. Triiston Polk, D. Arkanttti. xv k MMtts l'. Chas B Mitchell, P. C ttifvsHia. M I Latham. I). fmlitina. J D Britta, 1. 11 I I-tne, R. SS, S A Dsaa.li i. I, L;. SHU Trutnt'iil!, U. MinntKuta. X S W,livmcn, R, U U Rice, D. Pretton Kins;, K, ftl Harris, R. J ' 'tjl' I I 1,1 . Simon Cameron, R, Bdwanl Cowan, R. JolC'l. Jam Harlan. K, J W Grim, R. Michigan. K S Bir.Ktiiin. K, Z Chandler, K. H iteitimin. i R Uoolitlle. R, Tun U Howe, R. Xru: Jt-rny. J R Thompson. D, J C Tea Kyck, R. Orern. i (i W Nemiü, I), t U Baker, R. MCArrrcLATiox. Republ'icans . . . Democrats Americana Total "0 20 1 50 Kansas will elect two Republicans, which w ill give that party thirty-one Senators, xnd Missouri and California will return two Democrats, increasing the Senators of that party to twenty t-.vo. This includes Arkansas, which in all probability will secede shortly. In the House of Representatives, omittinp the seven States that have seceded, parlies will stand: Hep. 101 t Op. 49 Members elected Members to be electeJ 110 95 The seven State that have gone out had representation in the Senate of fourteen, and in the Houe of thirty-three. Had they remained in the Union Mr. Lincoln's friends would have been in the minoritv in both branches. The tUm Tariff Bill. The new tariff hill is looked upon with universal discontent by nil classes, with theexceptiou of the miliowners of New England and the ironworkers of Pennsylvania. It is essentially a sectional measure, affording protection to the manufacturers of cotton and woolieu goods and of iron and steel, and is decidedly opressive to the great mass of consumers. Its enactment at this tune must pro ie an additional cause of exasperation to the S uth, not one of the interest of the Southern States being advanced by its provisions; and in this respect it can not be regarded otherwise than untimely in the present condition of the countrv.w ith the recoliectiou of the nullification troubles of lr'j'2 fresh in our nietn By this bill the duties imposed upon all foi e'gn MM manufactured from cotton or wool, at from iron, which are necessities to the mass o" tiie people, are nearly doubled. The duties on carpels almost amount to a prohibition, while the tax on sugar the only product in which the South competes with a ioreigu market h is been slightly reduced, tea and coffee ut the same time cutering free of duty. The coiKe;aion of IMS bill is evidently aRj;iesive uoou the South, and. I while pretend.ug to be framed for purposes of rev enue, is really in iti operation protective as far as regards the manufacturing interest of certain sec tious of the country. Iu introduction just at this time, even in iu amended torm, is llftfuM mis. cluevous and very much to be deulored Arte York Herald. The "Pork Packe" Incrcasinz. The New York Ereriinj Pout, the ablest Hepublican paper in the country, is out for compromise. '1 he World thus happily states the a .- The Eneninif Post is in favor of an arrange ment. and is willing to accept the re-toration of the Missouri compromise can not "see what Ewiblc objection there is to adopting that course." ailing iu that, the proposal of Dr Adams, to erect New Mexico and Arizonia into a State, the Post thinks oujdit to be considered. And, although not wholly satisfied with the measure, the editors say that, taken without any linderst tiding that the region to which a State Government is granted shall be surrendered to slavci v. it is ddh cult for us to perceive what tbe cause 'of freedom is likely to lose by it, or liow it seriously conflicU with the principles of our party. Tliis will be coiLHiuereu another detection by super super He publicaus, and a journal, which has hew. matlv j accu1 .f Pluk t üme. must now pa., we presume, into the cateiron ot cowards with Ga si us M. Clay, or of office seekers, with James Guthrie.

"Execute the Laws." The Cincinnati Enquirtr thus forcibly pre sent the dioiculties which will uttend the new administration in anj attem',)t it in iy m ike to "execute the laws" in the seceding State- under present circumstances, and sugge-jt-s the true rem edy for the embarrassment: Suppose, for instance, we want to try W. L. Yancey for treason! He has got first to be indicted, and then tried, in the language of the Con stitution, 'by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall precijusly Itaoe been ascertained by law." In Alabama, W. L. Yan cey eaa be inuicte l. and tried, and nowhere else. Tneie are no United States Courts to take juris diction of the offense , and if there w ere, w ho supposes that an Alabama jury would indict him? Until we get our civil machinery to work iu the

Cotton States, and mat machinery turns Used unable to enforce the laws, and makes the fact known to the President, calling upon him force, no troops can be constitutionally scat down there. No embargo or blockade can be laid upon the ports of the Southern States under the Constitution, for it is provided in that instrument "that no preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or Hl IM to the ports of one State over those of another," which an embargo or blockade would be, unless it was general. The only law which appears to be susceptible of enforcement under the Constitution, in the se ceding St ites, is that for the collection of revenue. Collectors can be put upon revenue cutters, and stationed off the Southern lu; .-. c i . ,. cd w.th the duty of collecting the revenues of the United States, hven this law can not beeimrei y entorca I. II am. for instance, could the collector on board the revenue cutter carry out liic warenousing portion of it? The importer would say he desire! to bond goods in the Government store house, a necessity which the Govenaiitnt would n..t have in the seceding States. The ou'y object we could have iu enforcing tbe revenue law would be u keep up our jurisdiction over the seceding States, for the cost of collecting the revenue with this fleet of revenue-cutters would be ten times m tm tint of the duties that would he paid. The Southern Confederacy has declared itself an independent nation, und the exorcise of any jurisdiction upon our part it wouid regard as an act of war, and would resent as such by the issuing of le'cerj d n ir ue and reprisal Usn Northern commerce What can the Federal Govern uient then do constitutionally, for its powers a;;ainst a State in the Union, are restricted by th .t instrument? It can call forth militia to suppress insurrections, but tint militia must goto the aid of so. ne Marshal, or civil United Stales officer, who is registered in the discharge of his duties. The Collector or revenue officer might make the demand upon the Mwhftl for assistance, but there is no such officer; and if he fell back upon the President, who would be unaided by any courts, or Marshal, or anv civil authority, it is obvious that against these 1 itter, in the service of the State authorities, that the contest would soon assume the nroTiutions of a general civil war be teen the two sections of the Union, carried on, not in pursuance of any iutendmerts of the Constitution, which never contemplated such a contingency, but over and alove its provisions. It is folly to disgu -e the fact that we have to combat a revolution, and it is the dictntes of an honest, manly policy to tre it it in that light. The question of the enforcement of the laws and the pivtectiou of the public property are but incidental and minor to that (teat net, and the sophistry which is thrown away upon them should not blind us to it. To enforce the laws where there arc no Courts, no Ju ice--, Ml Hal1 Mats, District Attorneys and juries, is cleariy an impos-. sibiiity. If we de-ire to enforce the laws aft must do something to so eh ingt public opinion in the Needing Slates that we can again have that m ichinery in motion, by inducing S uithern men to accept those positions. It is not bv the bayonet and the sword that we can create ihOftQ tribun ala 1 1 enforce the laws, and again have comp.ete ju function over tJie seeding a.ate-. Uomprom.se: . ft I mid conciliation, which will keep the I St ites in the U11 on, wdl d.vj le public op.mon I the seceding Suites, and ere h ug its Government 1 would doubtless fall to pieces and our Union would again be re estnblishel and our laWS execute 1 in the State. We are for enforcing the Unite! ! o . . . . 1 1 . .1.... : : -1 - ,1, , i O . hi.- laws, alio 10 mat i. i iiio:s!'cis.i.v wai, fcur sectional difficulties should be adjusted. Itomnrkw oi H r. Douglas, in the Senate February 20, 011 tue Kcvenue ftjraeMk I have a few remarks to submit on the hill generally, and probably there will be no occasion when they will lie more appropriate than upon the offering of the substitute for the c:.t;re bill.' 1 he question now presented br ngs up lor consideration the original bill, and also the substitute. If I am brought to vote between the the substitute anu tne original 01 ti. 1 sunn ioie wr 111c ) amendment offered by the member Irom Oregon. I j can 1101 ioie .or me uu.11 pnssav 01 i-.inci, iui the reason that I think it unwise at this time to make any radical changes in the existing revenue system. The time is inauspicious for legislating upon this subject. The condition of the Southern States of this Confederacy ought to warn us against any of these radical changes, which would increase the irritation and excitement iu that qu liter. We all know the repugnance of that section of the Union to a protective tariff at all limes. Under existing circumstances, the passage of ft tariff bill of the character of the one now under consideration can not fail to incre.se that irri t innft and to alienate, in some degree, their affections to tliis Union, which have already bOOB ni iteriallv shaken. While the bill itself is not in accordance with my judgment of w hat ift rev enue bill ought tobe; while 1 think it is highly protec tive; while I know some ol its features are oppressive on many great interests in the country; even if I were satisfied on the-e p tints, I would not vote to pass the bill at this time in view of our pre-ont d ilii cullies. Then again, sir, there is a nece-slty fir directing our attention toour commercial re I (tfottt with our neighbors upon the north. The unfriendly or advc se legislation which has bee;i adopted by the Csftadian Parliament, intended to defeat the beneficial effects so far as this country is inter e'elin the re.-irvocitv tie it v ourht also tobe taken into consideration. We have ..-rived at the t perijtl where our commercial system should ex tend to the whole continent' when, in arranging oar own list dr.ries, we should t ike into eonmaerati'in tiie effects, especially uxm tin-e countries ' that adjoin us upon this continent. 1 had hoped j that tiie time had arrived when wc could mature 1 and adopt a continental system that would em brace, in one commercial onion, all the States of the North American continent, with a uniform tjatem of duties. Such a commercial union I could be adopted, iu mv opinion, that would be beneficial to all the States and countries who should become parties to It. 1 would like to see 11 embrace not only ihe United State;, but the C Hind is ukixi the north, toe British PoasoaBBtMM upon the east and the north-west, and Mexico, Cuba and the Central American St ites upon the tooth. I wouid like to see them all brought within the circle of one commercial union and a ftfti form system of duties, so far as all these ' S'. ites were concerned. I desire to cc all custom ! booses in the interior abolished, all re4rictious upon internal commerce done away with, so that 'here should be entire free trade unrestricted between every State, province or country upon tlie American continent and the adjacent islands. 1 think the pre-ent time is ftUftptCMMn to mature a system ot thiit kind. We are aoout to inaugurate a new Administration, and I hope with it a new commercial system. The very fact that we have internal difficulties at home: the fact that there has been a revolution in Mexico which brings into power a party friendly to free and unit -meted commercial intercourse: the fact tint we hire difice'tiei to adjust w ith tbe Cauadaa and British Pru inccs growing out of the reciprocity treaty; the fact that the commercial -ys tern oi' tlie island of Cuba, so far as it affects our interests, is not satisfactory to us, nor U that of Central Americ 1, renders it eminently proper tint we should take up this subject as a whole, considering it with reference to one grand system The idea, sir, of unrestricted coMnnVeJal ii.'.ercourse between contiguous couutrie- is not a novel one. it may be novel, so ;'ar as applicable to the American continent; but if we direct our attention to Kurupe, especially to Germany, we will find there a model which, with such modifications as would make it applicable to tins country, we might adopt, 1 think, with grcit profit and greit usefulness. I 1 lüde to tiie German Zollverein. There yoit find a commercial Uni M, consisting of twenty-four sovereij.ii, inneiidcnl States or countries, combined into one Union for commercial purfioses, with a uniform system of duties applicable to the whole, and free trade as between thoee different countries. I take it for granted the Senate is familiar with the German Zollverein. It was initiate 1 in 1S1?, but was so imperfect that it did not reilize the advantages that were expected from it until 1833, Prior to -lie latter day. there were such restrictions M examinations and 111 certain tolls, on the boundaries of the interior States, as to deprive the arrangement of most of its advantages; but in l:i., a areata was effected between the principil Sue of Germany by which these restrictions were entirely removed, the interior custom bouses abolished, and only the exterior ones kept up for the common Itenefit of all those States and Govern menu that became parties to the tariff alliance. From tXi to this day, that system h is worked so well and so aatisfaclorily, that it has lately ex tended, until it embraces nearly all of Germany. It now embraces twenty-four States; and 1 be lieve there is a movement now u foot by which Austria. Hungary. Transylvania, in fact the whole Austrian empire, is about to be brought Into the system; so that gixnls may pass from the head of the Danube to the Black set. a well as down h" Rhine into the llaltic, by the most unrestricted free trade between these people. The system is a very simple one. All the custom houses are upon the frontier. Thev collect duties which arc j to lie uniform upon all the frontiers, and the- e 1 duties go into a common fund, and the proceeds, 1 after defraving expenses, are dividel between the : different States composing tlmeOMmerclal league!

in proportion to population. The baaia cf tlie u.sti;Oiitiou of the rece pLs is that of the relative population of the several Scales and cour.tr.ccomposing the ieigue. It is true, there are one or two exceptions to that ratio of distribution exceptions founded upon local cause, or upon other causes satisfactory to the parties, and which , have been adopted by unanimous consent. Now, sir, I desire to invite the attention of the Senate and of the country to the inquiry whether j we may not profitably form a commercial union, to comprise all the North Americ in continent, on the basis of the German Zollverein. Our conti ; nent is admirably adipted to such a system. Yon would at once abolish all the interior custom , houses. All those custom houses ujkjii the northern frontier would be abandoned; aii Bpoa the j dividing line between us and Mexico would be ; abandoned; all the internal restrictions upon trade would be swep.t away; and ajl you woual repiirc

would be custom houses ut the torts on the Atlantic and Pacific. Why can not we form the whole American continent into one commercial i union for commercial purposes, without iuterfer- I ing in the sichlest degree with the political in-ti MM or domestic policy of the different countries within it? They have overcome all the 1 dilficulties growing out of the practical working of such a system iu Germany , where they w ere m j thousand told greater than they would be in this country; for in the German alliance they have j every lorm of government, large State und sm ill ones'; some formed on the republican system; ! (an e kingdoms, like Prussia, BaXOBV Bad Bavalift, with the sm ill duchies, like Baden-leiden; vet all embraced in one system. It is one country for commercial purpose-. There is free intercourse, bee trade between them ali; thus wiping out all the asperities and irritations tint hul grown up aUuuAtuU of vears until Gernnnv is bein taredeadt molded and formed into one people, without interfering at ftH with the form of G" -ernuient. or the political institutions, or the dome-tic policy of anyone of the parties to the commercial union. The advantages to our own country of such a uni n of all countries embraced within North ; America, must be obvious to everyone. It would j restore and pre-erve amity and good f lith between j the people of all the countries who became part.es to it. It would eradicate all the jealousies mid hostilities which have been engendered by ! lawless filliUnstering exie litions, and put au c::d to all outrages of that kind in the future It would extend our commerce, nav igation, and c u rving ! I trade, while it would open up new and extensive ! markets lor our m mulacturers and agricultural i products. It would imparl stability, perm it. e:n c. ! and uniformity to our commercial BTateOX. It j would afford more efficient, certain, and valuable I protection to American industry tl: 'ii ali the proI Motive tariffs that Congress cm devise. While it would be benehci i! to all the indus i trial and material interests of the United State-, j it re-jiiires no argument to prove that it would te I equally advantageous to ail other countries who i should become iarties to such a commercial nr rangement. Each would famish a market for the I productions ot the other, and be mutually benehted by thereciproca! exratuge. Ami above ail, it would furnish u Ix.ud of perpetual peue and alliance among all the Au.erican countries, and unke us one people for all purpo.-es of national d'Cten -e, w hen either might be unjustly assailed by any European power. It is a matter worthy of serious consideration, whether the American con BBOtoift! Union, in addition to the tariff" duties, should not be authoriz ed to take cogii'zance of a light hou-e system, copyrights for books, p ile its lot inventions, postal regulations, telegraphs, and a uniform system of weights and measures, coinage and such other regulations as may from time to time be found eetaaeey to the freedom and convenience of the commercial and social intercourse, without disturbing the domestic policy or political institutions of the eountres composii g the union. I do not propose tint we should initiate a policy that would annex any of thee countries to the United State-. I do not propose that our pol icy should interfere, in the slightest degree, with ..... ,,,,...,.;,,,,.., .-..i, .be nolitical inter HÜ. M X hft Ifta daiQllhl poiicv of anv of the fJ,tM or countries within North America; but th it we should make 11 commercial arrangement with them, by which we would derive all the advantages of a commercial union, without being encumbered with the embarrassments, the irritations, and divisions growing nut of ; d verse and conflicting dome-tic policies and political institu tions. Sir, the difficulties we h i e had, growing out of this slavery question and the continual annexation of countries adjoining us to the American Union, ought to warn us of the dangers of trying to extend the same sort of dome.-tic policy the same .system of political institutions, over countries and people who are not homo-etieoiis with ourselves; but if we can secure the advantages of free trade, of unrestricted commercial and social intercourse if we can be one country lor the purpose of commerce and navigation and postal arrangements, telegraphic and social intercourse we will derive all the advantages without jiH.lIIX;n., tlie disadvantages that might grow out 01 n nolitical union. It is also worthy 01 consideration, whethcrsuch a commercial union may not facilitate ii peaceful and satisfactory, solution of all our difficulties with the seceding States. I am throwing out the-e suggestions inerejf for the ptirKse of inviting the attention of the Senate and of the country to them; DJ l with any ex pectation that they will be adopted at the present session of Congress. I think, if we could peat pone this tariff until the next session, and iu the mean time devote OWOOlrea to the iiive-tigation of the affairs of the entire Aineric. n continent as they new exist, we might m dure some plan by w hich free States and slave States will live in har-in-tli v together, bv which 0111- t.o: libics mmii the , li0rlflf owin,, J&gMnea M the British crown. I mav have a common interest amla common s m pathy with us iu all of our commercial iiite. e-'s, without disturbing their political institutions; an : arrangement by which wc may avail ourselves of j the markets for nine million people iu Mexico; markets lor our in umtactiires, m UKets tor our agricultural productions, without being incumbered w ith the political government of the country; a system which would be beneficial lo all parlies engage I in it without impairing the sovereign:; , the independence and the integrity of the territories of any one of the couiiU.es that should become parties to it. In my opinion, such a system would combine the advantare- of political community without drawing after it those irritating subjects that are now disturbing tliis country, and .11 iniin nent danger of plunging us into civil war, revolution and t'uid sepai.ition. If the peace of this country is to nc pi esen ed, if we can avoid tiie spilling of blood among our neighbors, give time to reflect upon die present state of things, study the causes which have brought the country to this distraction. I have hope we may mature a system oi commercial union that w ill cov er the whole American contil.ent; make us one people in iutere-t, iu commerce, and one people for national de.eu-e w hen either of us me ussaiied; yet several people with reference to our domestic and our political institutions. My object, ?ir, is accomplished. It was simply to throw out the suggestion; to invite attention to it; and to a.-k the Senate to pause before it adopt I system of revenue tli.it will iutl iUiC the p.lss.oliS of those States that are now discontented and dissatisfied, mid .-ee if there is not open to us a ath of .eace. by which bloodshed shall be avoide I, and the pece of the country prc.-eried,the Union maintained iu its entire integrity, .um a commercial system that will make us one "country on the whole American comment for all its adrantases. without bringing inhose disturbing eicmentj that are now tine ileuiug to dL-suh 0 the Union that our fathers made fur us. rituell Ado About othing. Tlie politicians ut Washington are making a tremendous pother over the SJMtSiOa of si a verv in the Territories, and the radical Keuublic.ius "declare that they will neve;- give up that portion of the Chicago Plätterin winch poMtieol prohibits the extension oi the peenliar institution into any Territory which may hereafter apply for admission into the Union us a State. On tiie other hand, the conserv ative Republicans, know uig th at the question i, pare! an Detract one, de-Me to waive U altogether. The matter was first ugitated with regard to Kansas, where there were never more than a hundred dftTM at anv one unit since tne settlement of the State. There nan but one lave in aebraaha when the Terri torial act went through Congress. Now there are less than fifty m New Mexico, and a still snutUer na saber iu Arizona, in the other Territories. Idaho, Coluni.i and .leilerson, included iu the bill reported lent year, there are no slaves, uor will there ever be any. on account of certain natnral prohibitions of toil and climate, quite well known to every school boy. The one ion, then, is purely abstract and 1 ent'ment at, kept alive by siuul politicians to serve their own ends. f Jtr. Seward and ihe conservative lie publicans have sufficient pluck to remove tins whole question of slavery in the Territories from tlie political warfare now be n- w aged, the set tienient of ali pending questions mil follow in due Ihne. Otherwise, we shall live to sec the most prosperous uatiou th it the world Iras ever seen ruined by a sectional war, upon a puieiv abstract question .V. Y. Hi raid. The Sew Tariff. The President has signed the new tariff bill It is reg irded as one of the most unwise, illiberal and ill dige-ievl laws ever enacted by an Ameri c in Coti.rt This incisure is one of the first IruU- of Republicanism. It is fnmed to benefit I sectional intered the manufacturers of New England and the iron masters of I'ennsvlvania, and it ojicration will be oppressive to the agri culturali-ts' interest of the South and Northwest. It is said that our Senator, Mr. Antiionv, proposes to nmen 1 that terrible military bill of his by requiring all the militia to appear on pa rade in "Scotch plaid and long military cloaks." N. A Ledger.

arlciinipljif.

Mr. Lincoln's buLunr Addms I'iünr Citiiens of the l'iiitfd 'tates: In eompli nice with a custom as old as the governmc:,t it. -elf, I ap ear before you to address you briefly, and take, in your presence, the oath prescribed by the Constitution of the United S: ites, to be t.iken by the Pi e-ident before he enters on the execution of his official duties. I do not consider it neressarv at present for uie to 4 - uss those matters of administration about which there is no special anxiety or excitenie.it The appieiteiision seems to exist among the people of the Southern States, that, by the acce-sion of a Republican administration, their peace and personal aacwitj are to be end.uigeied; but there his never been any reasonable cause iVr such apprehension. Indeed, the most ample evidence to tiie contrary has all the while existed, and been open to their inspection. It is found iu nearly all the published speeches of him who now addresses you. I quote now from one of those speeches v. here I declare tint I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to inte. iere with tiie institution of slavery in the States where it exists. 1 believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so. Those who nominated me, and e'ectel me. did bo with the full knowledge that I h id made tili and m mv similar declarations, and had never re c mted them. And more t!i in this, they placet ! in the platform for my acceptance, as a law to them -elves, and to me. tlie clear and emphatic ; n - tlukiofl hieb I now read: ! " Resolved . Tint the maintenance inviolate of , the rights of tjie State-, and especially the right of e ich State to older and control its own domestic !ti-i rations according to its own judgment, exclu sively, is essential to the balance of power on ; armen me perteeaeai saw cauurance oi our pointcal fabric depend; and we denounce the lawless invasion, by an anniM lone ot t lie soil oi any State or Territory, no matter under what pretext, as among the grave-t of crimes." I now reiterate the-e sentiments, and in doing so I only press upon the public attention the most conclusive evidence of which the case is susceptible. The property, peace and security of no section are le lie in anj wi-e endangered by tiie now incoming Administration. I add to this that all the protection which consistently with the C institution and the laws can be givea, will be cheerfully given to all the States, when lawfully denn tide.!, for whatever cause, aa cheerfully to one section as to another. There is much controversy about the deliver ing of fugitives from service or labor; the clause I now re id is as plainly written in the CoPttitetion as any other of its provisions: "No person held to service or labor in one State under the laws thereof, escaping into an an armed tone o! tlie soil oi other shall, in consequence of any law or rogula- ; tion therein. Ie discharge 1 from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be i.ue , It is scarce! i qeesthmed that this provision was intended by those who made it for the reclaiming of what we call iugitive slaves, ind the iutea tion of tlie law-giver is the law. AÜ members of Congress swear their support to the whole Constitution, to this provision a much as to any other. To the proposition, then, that slaves whose cast", come within this clause shall be delivered up. thcT oaths are unanimous. Now if they would make the effort in good temper, could they not w ith nearly tOjMd unanimity frame and pftM a lav b means of which to keep good that unanim ms oath ? There is some difference of opinion whether this clause should he enforced by National or Suite authority, but surely that difference is not very 111 aerial one. If the slave is to be -tin eudered, it can be of but little con-epnnce to him or to others by what authority it is done. Again, in any law upon this subject, ought not all tbe safeguards of Dberty known in civilized and huin u.e jurisprudence to be introduced, so that ft freeman may never, in any case, be surrendered as a slave, and miht it not be well, at the same time, to provide bv law lor the enforcement of the clause in the Constitution which guarantees that the citizens of each Slate sh ill be entitled to all thc privileges and immunities of citizens iu the several State-? I take the official oath to day. with no mentil reservation and no purpose to con-true the Constitution and laws by any hyper -critical rules, and while I do not dlOQftJ now to periiV pirticular acts of Congress as proper to be enibrcel, 1 do suggest that it will DO much Iftjftr for all, both in official and private stations, to conform to anil abide by all thejc acts which st md unrepealed, than to violate any of them, trusting to tin ! impunity in having them held to be uiicon-titiitioiuil. It is seventy two vcars since the first inauguration of a President under our National Constitution. During thtt time fifteen different and greitly distinguished citizens have in succession administered the executive branch of the GovernMOat. They have conducted it through m mv perils, aud generally with great success. Vet, with all ibis scope of precedent I now enter upon the s line task, for the liricf constitutional term of four years, under a great and peculiar difficulty. Disruption of the Federal Government, heretofore only Menaced, is now formidably attempted. I h hl that in contemplation of universal law, and the Constitution, tho Union of the States is perpetual. Perpciuit v is implied, if not expre e I, in the fundamental law oi'ail gov -eminent.. It is not safe to assert that the government proper ever had provisions in it-organic law for its own . : . . : it a: ... ..11 , 1 . . - - te. 111. 11. .tion. Continue to execute ail thcextucss pro! isions of our National Constitution, and the Union will endure forever, it being impossible to destroy it, except by some action not provided for iu the Constitution. Again: if the United St iles be not a gov eminent proper, but an association States in the nature of a contract merely, can it, as a contract, be ie iceably unmade, unless by all the parties who made it? One party to a contract mav violate it bieik it. so to sjieik but doe it not require all to lawfully rescind it? Pes ending from tiic-c general principle, we find die proposition, that, in legal contemplation. the 1 mini is perpetual , is conhnned by the history of the Union itself. The Union is much older tilt 11 the Constitution . It was formed in fact by the Arta le- of Association in 1774. It was mature I and continued by the Do. viratioti of Indepen -lent e in 177b. lt was further matured on the bith of all the then thirteen States, expressly plighted and engagel that it should be perpetuated by the articles of confederation in 1 770, and finally in lläl. O'ie of the declared objects for ordaining and establishing the Constitution, was to form a m re perfect Union. If se;t nation by one. or by a part only, of the S: ite-, be lawfully possible, the Union is less before than the C institution, h iving io-t tlie vital element of porleiuity. It follows from these views that no Mate, upon its own mere motion, can lawfully ftul out of the Union that resolvci and or lin an ces to that effect arc legally void, and that acts of violence w ithin any Slate or Si ite. against the authority of tiie Unite I S ite-. are iaaxnOOOlion try or revolutionary, accurdmg to circum MMMMt i therefore consider that in view of the Constitution and laws, the Union is unbroken, and lo the extent of ray ability shall tike care, as the Con-tiiutiou it-e.i expressly enjoins on me, that tiie laws of the Union must be faithfully executed ii. ail the Si ites. In doing this I deem it to be only a s.rapie duty 011 my part, and 1 sh ill perform it so far as practicable, nine s my rightful masters, the Americ in people, shall withhold the requisite me ins, or in some authoritative r.i inner direct the contrary, i trust this will not be re garded as 11 menace, but only as a declared pur pose of the Union, that it will constitution illy defend and maintain it.-e'f. In doing this there need be no bio dshe I or violence, an 1 there shall be none, unless forced npeftj the national authority. The power confided to me will be used to hold, occupy and possess the property and places beUhj ing to tlie OofMnMMlt, audio collect iii:t:caSM iuijstrts; but beyond what may be necessary for meao enfe 's. there will be no usinir of force agait.st or among people any where Where hos tility to the Unite! Stales in any interior localitysin II be so universal ns to prevent cunqvetent residents from holding Federal offices, there will be no attempt to force obnoxious strangers among the peotile that object. While the strict legal right May exist in the Government to enforce the exercise of thc-e offices, the attempt to do so wouid be so irritating and so neirly impracticable with il, th it I deem it better to forego for a time the use of such eftWca, The mails, unless repeiltd. will continue to be furnished in all pirtsof the Union. So far as possible, the people everywhere shall hive that sense of berfect security which is mast favorable to calm thought aud rcleetien. The course here indicated will lie followed, unless current events and v. erlence shall show a modification or ch mgc III I III ISOlM In evert eise and e ciency my best discretion will beu.-e i according to eiivuin-taiiCiv acta illt existing, and vMth a y ew and a ho; o, a : u .. e;i;: M.-nta-n f tne national iraaoMa, ana tne reotoratsou ot the national Sympathie- and aife tions. That there are persons, in one se lion or another, who seek to destroy the Union, or. at all event-, are glad ol any pretext to do it. I will neither affirm or deny; but, if there be such, I need address no word to them. To those, however, who reillv love the Union, msy i speak. Before entering pon ftO pare a matter as the destruction of our n itional fabric, with all ItenenonM, memoriesand hopes, would it not be vvi-i- loa-cerlain previously why we hazinl 0 de- erate a step? While there it anv ptMnbilitj that anv of the ills vou fly from have no real existence, while the certain ills vou fly to are greiter than all the real ones "vou rty from, will vou risk the commission of so fearful a mistake: All profe-s to be content in the Union, if all constitutional rights can lie maintained. la it true, then, that any right, plainly written in the Constitution has been deoiedl l think not. Happily, the human mind is so c m-: Mted thai no party can reach to the ftf . ci v of doing this. Think, if you ran, of a -iii-de instance in which a plainly written provision of the Constitution has been denied. If, by .he mere force of numbers, a majority shall derive a minor.ty of any clearly written con-t tu:,oual ri-zlit, it might, in a nural point of view,

iustify a revolution. It certainly would if such a right a ete a vital one. Hut such is not our case. All the vital rights of minorities, of individuals, ue. so plainly ;.suied to ti.em by affirmation and ; emulations, guarantees and prohibitions in the Constitution, that controv ersies never arie concerning them; but no organic law can be framed

with ft provision specifically applicable to any i question which may occur in practical admiidstra i HOB, no foresight can anticipate, nor any document of reasonable length contain, express provisions for all possible questions. Snail fugitives trom labor be surrendered by National or State' authority? The Constitution deM not expressiv say. May Congress prohibit slavery in the Ter- j ritories; The Constitution does not expressly say. Must Congress protect slavery in the Territories? The Constitution does not expressly say. From questions of this class spriug ail our constitutional controversies, and we divide Uxn them into majorities and minorities. If the minority will not acquiesce, the majority must, or the Government must eeooft. There is no other alternative for continuing the Government, but acquiescence on the one side or the other. If a minority in such a case will secede rather than acquiesce, they make a precedent which in turn will divide and ruin them for a minority of their own will secede from them whenever a majority refuses to lie control lev! by such a minority. For instance, why may not any portion of a new Confederacy, a year or two hence, arbitrarily secede again, precisely as apor tion of the present Union now claim to secede from it? All who cherish disunion sentiments are now being educated to the exact tetnner of this. Is there such a erfect identity of interest among the States to compose a new Union, as to produce harmony only, and prevent renewed secession? Pl iinlv, the central idea of secession is the essence of anarchy a majority held in restraint bv Constitutional checks and limitations, ! and always changing easily with the deliberate changes of populai opinion and sentiments, is the only true sovereign ot a iree people rejects it, does ot necessity Hy to ana e. iv noever rt h v or des potism. Unanimity is impossible. The rule of a minority, as a permanent arrangement, is wholly in-adini-s ib'e; so that rejecting the majority principle, anarchy aud despotism in some form is all that is left. I do not forget the os;tiou assumed by some that Consiitution.il questions are to be de-ided by the Supreme Court, nor do I deny Mftt such decision must be binding in any ca-e upon the parties to ft suit as to the object of that Mix, while they are also entitled to very high re Bped and consideration iu all parallel eases by all other departments of the Government. And while it is obviou-lv possible that such decisions Mfty be erroneous iu any given case, still the evil effii t folia win r it beiiiL' limited to that narticular case, w!tn tue etiance mat it may oe ovcnuieii. and never become a precedent for other cases, it can better be borne than could the evil of a dif ferent pr tel'ec. At the i IBM time, the candid citizen must con fc:.s tint if tlie policy of the Government upon vital (1ue-ti'ns elVecting the whole people, is to be irrevocably bxe I by decisions ol the Supreme Court, the instant thev are made iu ordinary liti cation between parties in eoraoojoJ actions, thev have cease 1 to be their own rulers, having to that ! extent practically resigned their Government into I ! the h inds of that tribunal. Nor is there, in this ; view, any assauit on the Court or Judges. It la j duty from w hich they may not shrink to decide ' (- pro; erly brought before them, and it is 110 j i fault of theirs if others seek to turn their decisions to political put poses. One section of our j country btBevM slavery is right and ought lo be i extended, while the other believes it is wrong, and ought not to be extended. This is the only ; substantial dispute, for the fugitive slave clause of the Constitution, and the laws for the sunprcsion of the African slave trade, are each as well enforced, perhaps, as any laws can ever le in a c immuuity where the moral sense of the peopie iiuperiectiv supports the law itself. Will the great body of the people abide by the dry legal obligations in b itli case, better Mter the separat- j tion of the sections than before 1 The foreign j slave trade now imperfectly suppressed, would be ultimately revived without restriction in one sec tion, while fugitive slaves, now only partially sur I rendered, would not be surrendered al all bv the other. Phi sically speaking, we cannot separate ; ' cannot remove our respective sections from each ' other, nor build an impassable wall between them. ! Tlie husband and wife mav be divorced and go out of the presence and beyond the roach of each other, but the different parts of our country cannot do this ; they cannot but remain face to face, and an intercourse either amicable or hostile must continue between them. Is it possible, then, to in -ke that intercourse more ad vantageous or more satisfactory after separating than before? Can aliens 111 ike treaties easier than friends? Can they mikclaws? Can treities be tun c faithfully enfou ed between aliens than laws among mends? Suppose you go to war, you cannot! tight always, and when, alter much loss 011 both sides, and no gain 0:1 either, you cease fighting, the old identical questions as to terms of intercourse are again upon you. This country, with its institutions, belongs to the peopie who inhabit it. Whenever they sh ill grow weary of the existing government they can exercise their constitutional right of amending, or their revolutionary rieht to dismember or overthrow. I can not be ignorant of the fact that in ny worthy and patriotic person arc desirous of having the national 1 C institution amended. While I make no reconi-! mciidition of amendments, 1 fully recognize the 1 lawful authorltv of the people over the whole; subject, to be exerci-ed iu either of the modes; I 1 .1 ft - ft -ft -. 1 t 1 Lt j I prc-.Tioe i 111 tne insirnmeiii use:i, anu 1 suouiu, 1 under existing eireum-ttancc.-, favor rather than oppose a fair opportunity being offered the people to act upon it. I will venture to add, thai to me i the convention mode seems preferable, inasmuch ! as it allows the amendment to originate with the ; people themselves, instead only of permitting 1 them to take or reject a proposition originated by ! others not especially chosen for the purpnse, and which might not be precisely such as they would j wish to e ther accept or refuse. I undeistand a 1 ! prupo-c 1 amendment to the Constitution which amend, nent, however. 1 have not seen passed Congress, to the effect that the Federal Government shall never interfere wit i the domestic institutions of the States, including that of persons held to sen ice To avoid a misconstruction of what I have said, 1 I depart from my purpose not to speak of particu- j lar amendments so far us lo say that, holding ! such a provision to lie now implied as C m.-titu- i tional law, 1 Live no objection to it be ng mule express mi l irrevocable. The Chief Magistrate derives 11 his authority from the je iple. and thev have conferred none on him lo fix terms for the separation of tlie State-.. The people themselves can do this, also, if thay choose; but the Executive, as such, has nothing to do with it. His duty is to administer aud pre-erve the Government as it cine to his hands, and to transmit it, nnimpaiied by him, to his successor. Why sbephi there not be ft patient confidence iu the ullim te justice of the (teople.' Is there any better or OqnaJ hope in the world? Iu our preseut differences, is either party w ithout faith or being in sight of the A'.inLditv Huler of Na tions si Will his efcrnsi truth end jnstkn, boon side of the North, or on lours of the South? our I hat truth and justice wul surely prevail by the judgment of this tribunal the American people. Iiv tlio frame of tiie Government under winch we live, tiiis same j e-p'c have wi.-ely ig en tiie r ; public servants but little power for mischief, and Save with Oqnal wisdom provided for the return ' of that little to their own hinds, at very short intervals. While the pOOph) retain their virtue and vigilance, no Administration by any extreme of wickedness or folly can very seriously injure the Government iu the short space of four y ears. My COnutTjraen, one an 1 all, think calmly and weil upon this whole subject, Nothing valu ible can be lost by tikiug time: if there be an object ti hurry any of you in hot h.Mte to .1 step which you would nev cr take deliberately, that object will be frustrated bjf taking ''ne. But no good object can be frustrated bv i'.. Such ot you as are now dissatisfied still have I he old Constitution unimpaired, and 011 the sensitive jMiiitt the law - of your own IV tilling under it. wln.e tiie new Administration will hive no immediate power, if it could en Bge either. If it were admitted that f-oa are dlssalisned, and thai you hold the right side in the dispute, titere still is no single good reason for precipitate action. Intelligence, patriotism, Christianity and firm reliance on Him who has never yet forsaken this favored land, are stili competent to adjust, in the best w I , all our PTOSMt difficulties. Iu vour hands, my dissatisfied countrymen, and not mine, is the 1nome.1t. us is.-ue of civil war. The gov eminent will not ftaftftü you; you can hav e no conflict without you make yonraeii e; the aggressors. You have no oatfa registered iu heaven to destroy the Government, v-in.e 1 shall have the niot .-olcmn duty Ut preserve, protect, ami defend it. 1 am loath to close. Wc are not enemies, but frit;. ils. We must not be enemie-. Though pa ion may luve sir.tii.cd.it must not break, our , bonds ol ffffetiwiwti The nvrstic chorus oi mem ory, stretching from every battlefield and pitriot j grave to cverv hiving heart and hearthstone all over this br aid land, will vet swell the chorus of tne L natu alien again touchel, as surely as the. will be bv tne better tinge. s ol our nature. ABRAHAM LINCOLN. From Orleans. Nrw Oiuxans, Santlay, March a. The stenner Dacotah brings Havana advices S9 the 'J7th nit. Sugar had slightly improved. The stock at H iviina and Matan.as was 170,'MW boxe-. There had been ft severe drouth on tlie southern side of the Island. Money was exceed ugly tight. From Hew Orion n. KW Osixams, Frklay, March L Galveton adv ice- -iate that Capt. Hillc-n rep tries to the Texas Commissioners refusing to evacuate Fort Prown or surrender Government p-operty. It is stated that Hill has ordered rein forcemciits from Hinggold barracks to retake t M Qoreninient property on Draos Island. A collision ftetsreen tlie Government and State troops was imminent.

The Innuuration. WxsmNfiTO!, Monday, March 4. The diy was ushered in by a most exciting session of the Senate, that body sitting twelve hours, from ? o'clock last ev ening to 7 o'clock this morning. As the dial of the clock pointed I to twelve o'clock, and the Sabbath gave way to Monday, the fourth of March, tl.e Senate cham her presentel a curious and animate ! appearance. The galleries were crowded to repletion; the ladies' gallery resembling, from the gay diee of the lair ones there congregated, some gorgeous parti m .t if ;-; and tl.e cent-' .-..d -n ---emed one black m iss of surging, heaving masculines, pushing, struggling, and almost clambering over e ich others' backs, in order to get a look at the procce tings. Some of the most ludicrous scenes were the result of the intense desire of the out siders to get B peep into the Senate ehamlier, and the pertinacity w ith w Inch the applicants for admission to tne overflowing g illeries, would urge that he had come all the way from Indiana, or Vermont, or some other pl.ice, a Hordel the se ite-i ones intense amusement. On the floor, Crittenden. Trumbull, Wigf.ill, Wade, Douglas, and others kept tion a running fire of debate, while those not engaged in discussion, betook themselves to the sofas fora comfortable nap during the session, which it aas known would last all night. As morning advanced, the galleries and floor became gradually cleared out. In the gray morning litht the Senate took a recess till ten o'clock to-dav. A few minutes after seven o'clock few remained. The morning was clear and beautiful. The public buildings, schools, places of business, etc., were closed throughout the day. The stars and stripes floated from the City II ill, Capitol, War Department, and other public buildings, while not a few citizens flung out 11 10 from their houses, or across the principal avenues. The streets were thronged with the volunteer soldery. Three or four hour elapsed Itefore there was

the leist chance of entering the Capitol. Pennsylvania avenue w is thronged with people wending their way to the famous etst-front. For four hours the crowd poured on toward the Capitol, in one continuous streun of old am! young, ! male and female. A lare majority were Northern men, ai:d but few Southerners, judging from ' the locks ot the long-h.ure-1 men in the crowd. The order of arrangements, as fettled bv the ! committee, was as follows : To the left of the Vice President were the committees of arrangements; imme liately behind theni was the he ids of the various Departments of the Government, Senators and members elect of j the House, ollicers of tiie Army and N ivy, U - ernors of the States and Territories, Compilers, ; Auditors, Registers and solicitors of ihe Treasurv To the right of the Vice President, were the Judges of the Supreme Court, members of the Diplomatic cotps. Ex Governors of the States, Assistant Secretaries of the Detriments, Assistant Post Mister General, Assistant Tie.iure. Commissioners, Judges, and the Mavors of the cities of Ge irgcMwn and Washington. Previous to the arrival of the procession, the : Senate chandier did not present a very a ni mated I appe irance. Jiany ot tne lames waiting to see tl.n .!.-. 1..- Jill IW.I .. A l.t.til I A el.A nil: i 1 ' .i '..'i in i I I c until niic, iiiw iinT "i:icers, with gay uniforms and flashing cptulets, re- ; lieved the sombrcness of the national black in ; the Presidential cortege. During the passage of the procession to Willard's Hotel, and the 111 ireh thence to the Cap tol, Senator Bright killed, in tne most horrible and the most approve! manner, a certaiu gag bill, to wit, talking it t death. This not proving very entertaining, matters waxed somewhat dull, in the interim. At five minutes to 12 o'clock. Vice President Breckinridge and Senator Foot of the Committee of Arrangement entered the Senate chamber corting the Vice President elect. Hon. Hannibal Hamlin, whom they conducted to a neat immediately to the left of the chair of the President of the Senate. As the band of the clock pointed to the hour of twelve the hammer fell, and the session of the Thirty Sixth OsnapftM came to an end. Vice President Breckinridge bade the Senate farewell in ue.! chosen and touching terms. H-'ii. H innihal Hamlin addressed the Senate. 3lr. Breckinridge then administered the oath of office to Vice President Hamlin. Mr. Breckinridge then announce 1 the Senate adjourned without day, and left tbe chair to which he immediately conducted Vice President Hamlin. Hn. Mr. Cliugman was then sworn in a Sen 11 tor irom North Carolina, Clark from New H imnBhlre, Chase of Ohio. Harris of Jfew York, H.irl.'.n of Iowa, Howe of Wisconin, Breckiiiridf.e of Kentucky. Lane of Indiana, Xestnith of Oregon, and Mitchell of Arkansas. At this juncture the members and members e'ect ol the House entered the Senate Chamber, filling every available place to the left of the Vice President. The Corp Diplomatique also entered the Chamber at the same moment and occupied seats to tiie right of the Chair. It was a subject of general remark that the corps never were so fully represented as on this, perhaps the last time all would be again assemble.. The ministers attaches, and others, numbering in all some fifty or over, and in brilliancy of dres. the number of decorations, crapes, etc., added much to the imposing nature of the scene. Some of the uniform? were gorgeous, and attractel much attention. The scene iu the Senate, while waiting the arrival of the Presidential party, seemed to realize the lying down of the "lion and the lamb" together, or mingling oil and water. Messrs. Chase, Wigfall, Crittenden, Wilson, and others, were opposite, hob-uobbing with the utmost eordialitv. Sen itor Breckinridge convcrred familiarly with 1 the cxtrcmc-t men of the Republicans, while la- . dies of all political affinities--Mrs. Hamlin among them looked smilingly down ou the animated I scene be ow. The attendance of the Senators wa unusuallyfull the only absentees noticed being Messrs. Mason and Hunter, of Virginia. At thirteen in'inites to one o'clock the Judges of the Supreme Court of the United States were announced by the Doorkeeper of the Senate. On their entrance all on the floor MOS, and the veil erable Judges, headed by Chief Jc-tice Taney , moved slowly to the sc its asignel to them, immediately to the riht of the Vice President, e ich exchanging salutes with that officer in passing the chair. At ten minutes pist one an unusual stir was occasioned in the Ch imber, and the rumor spreid like wildfire that the Pre -idetit elect was iu the building. At fiAeen intitute past one, Marshal in-Chief M ijor B. U. French euterel tlie Chamber, nsherinc in the President and Pic-i-dent elect. They h id entere 1 together from the street, through a private covere I passage way. on the north side ot ilie C ipilol, police officers be ng in attendance Ut prevent outsiders from crowding alder them. The line of procession was tbeii formen iu the following order: Marshal of the District of Columbia, Judge of the Supreme Court, Se.irgent-at aims of the Senate, Committee of Arrangements, President of tne Luted j Sutc; and President e'ect. Vice President, Se - ret try ol tiieoenite, senate, U. ploni . tic Corp. beads of Department:-, Governors aud other in the Ci uiber. Whcji the word was given for the memberr. of the Llou-e to fall into ihe line of procession, a violent rush was m ide for the door, accompanied by loud outcries violent pushing, aud greit disturbance. After the procession had reached tbe platform, Senator Baker of Oregon, IntnMOjswd Mr. Lincoln to the assembly. On Mr. Lincoln's advancing to the st md, ne was cheered, but not loudly. Unfolding his tu iuuscr.pt, iu a loud, clear voice, he read his message. During the delivery of the inaugural, which commenced at half ast one o'clock, he was much cheered, espec allv at anv aliusiou to the Untoo. President Buchanan and Chief Justice Taney li-tei ted with the utmost attention to every word of the a. idic-.-. and at the conclusion, lue I itter administered I bp usual 0.1 th. iu liking which Mr. Lincoln w.u vociferously cheered. The Chief Justice .-eemel very much agitated, and his hand -hook very perceptibly. Tiie inauguration of to day makes the eighth ceremony ol the kind at which Chief Justice T. .!.-. iits officiate I. hiving ..om:n;-ti-, c 1 :..c oath of office successively lo Presiuents Van Buren, Tyler, Poik, Taylor, Fi! more, i'.cice, liuchauan, and Lineoln. Tiie ceremonies were exceedingly iinpteaive. At the conch; -ion of die ii.augui ition ceremon c- the P.e-i'.eut was e-curte i t j the Sen-te C!i..mbei . lltcie to his carriage ami the military tm tiling ;.s in ti;e procession ol tiie one accompanied him with lite Committee to tne Wmteiluu-e with Lx Piondtol Buchanan and the Committee of an-iiigemeiits. On reaching the executive mansion the troops formed in double line, on the mam aveuue, and the he 1 01 hf c nit lining the Presidential party drotre throuth lo t 1 10 mansion. Mr. Iluchanan ac- : c Diipanie l Mr. Lin-coin to the 111 tin hall, and there took Int. farewell leave of him. expressed bis candid ho; c in ponjml tones, th it his aoministration might prove a bnppe and proserous MM The Ex President then retired to the resideoceof District Attorney Ould, where he will temporarily sojourn till his departure from the city, tomomnr evening. On the anival of the proces-ion at the White House, the Marshals of ihe day were successively I introduced, then the line being formed, tbe people rushed in to congratulate tlie new PreftjOnt. The rush was great. Thi ended for the dav time in.iugur.tiioii ceremonies. Though the enthusiasm was not by any in i,s oipial to that manifested on former occasions . evciy thing jiassed off quiet. The amplest civil and military preparation., were made by the municital authorities and Celt. Scott to provide for any emergency that might MM The v arious bodies of the Unite 1 Ssates trooM now here were stationed iu different parts of the city the Sa per and Miners alone being it: the procession. Gen. Scott, it is said, w as near the Capitol with Capt. Barry's company of light artillery, and

Major Haskins commanding, acting xs infantry. The officers, it is rcporteJ, were continually passing to and fro, and it is said Gen Scott was heard to exclaim: "Everything is going on peaceably thank God Alm.ghty tort." Daring the day the military patriots were on duty all over the city, and the greitest vigilance was enjoined upon and observed by tlie regulars. The display of soldiery in the procession was very fine, but not equal to that of the 22d of February. The comimuies were quite numerous, but of small size. As a rule, tlie Kepublicrn Asso

ciation were place 1 in the order ot march diately alter the Ex Presidents. This tion had w ith them a sort of triumphal cardr-.-bv four w hite horses, e ich with a white cloth cover with the word "Union," in larce letters. Tue word "Constitution" was on the side. The car was decorated with miniature flags, with red, white .md blue drapery, and containing thirty -four little girls representing so many states, and two young hulies. re-tctiic!y repre-e.iting the North and the South. The whole affair was under the charge of ten "Wide Awakes" in full uniform. 1- i e bombed de'e, rates trom New York were in tiie ; ro e-sion. tn uciiing four abreast, and wearing badges with tlie word " New York" on them. Seieral other large delegations also joined in the line. The scene presented, from back to front, was verv fine. The avenue in front of the portico was thronged, the crowd extending to i great distance on e.ther side, aud re ichmg into the Capitol grounds; and every available space was black with human beings clinging to the rails, mounting ou fences, and climbing trees. On the outer e ige a concourse of volunteer said cry were halted, and si . u at "res;" during the delivery of the inaugural. Photographists were on the ground to take tbe impression of the su ae. BeeeeiWS Convention. .v-t i.' ii-. Uouday, Man-a 4. Pursuant to adjourn mem Friday evening, the State Convention met at Mercantile Library Hall and was called to order at 1U1, o'clock this A. M. The hall was decorated with uatioual flags and a large eagle placed on the chairman's bland. The 1 bbie were crowded. A committee of thirteen for Federal relations was apioii.'.cl The convention is now engaged in discussing a proposition to receive Mr. Glenn, tbe Coraraissioner from Georgia, with a fair prospect of relVCtlllg it. LATUX. The resolution appointing a committee of three to mtonn Commissioner Glenn that tbe conven tion is reidv to receive anv c immuuication he ; may have to mike from his State, finally passed. ax, wo 33 Mr. Glenn was then introduced to the con v en tion. and reid the articles of secession adopted by Georgia, after which be mule a speech stating the causes which iuduced Ge rgia to sever connection with the Federal (Joveromeut, and ' strongly urged Missouri to join his Stale in the iorm ation ol a 5 iiitheni (onle.era'Iiis rem irks were iircc'.e i w ilii hiej and lioot- ; f ,L ,oWj whidl ü;c ch drain failed to suppress Adjourned till to-morrow at ten o'clock. Washington Items. W AsHiMiTo. Sondav. March S. An immense concourse of spectators is here, especially from the West Missouri, Kentucky, Y11 ciuia and M iryland are largely represented. Kumors touching the Cabinet appointees are still in controversy. It is understood they will not be announced till after the inauguration. All the appropriation bills have been passed. Numbers of ihre itening letters ate still sent to Mr. Lincoln, mid quietlv cuisicned to tlie flames. Hon. John Covode started Wednesday for New Hampshire to stump the State during the pending cam ass. A dispatch from Montgomery says the ttriff re. cntlv enacted by tbe new Confederacy will be immediately a inclined so as to impose an expost duty of oi.e jier cent, on cotton, tobacco, and rice All breadstutfs. tea, coffee, meats, and jewelry wall be admitted tiee. The struggle on Situ. dar evening, in the pi 1 cine d Mr L'ncoln. over the Cabinet aptointmeut was very excit ng. The friends of the various aspirants pushing their claims w th great vehemence until the President elect said: MOnBnuannT: It is evident some one must take the responsibility lor these appointment, and I will do so. My Cabinet is completed. Thepoei tions are not all definitely assigned, and will not until I announce privately to gentlemen who have been selected to lie my constitutional advisers." tJtiiet was immediately restored. Mr. Lincoln then sent' to Mr Seward, and submitted to him his inaugural. The Senator con1 curved heartily in the greater part, but suggested a lew modifications, w hich were accepted, and the document declared complete. The Maryland delegation has gone home in disgust at Mr. Lincoln's determination to put Messrs. Chase and Blair in the Cabinet. They declared there was no hope of retaiumg their State in the Union. Mr. Lincoln replied emphatically: "GLXTLtrxEV. Tbe affair is decided; my Cabinet is formed." It is rumored to-night that a large body of men have come f om Baltimore and Virginia, including a detachment of Plug Uglies. Fears are still entertained of Mr. Lincoln's safety. But he said to-night: "I am here to take what is my right I shall take it I anticipated no trouble; but, should it come, 1 sm prepared to meet it." F.vc hundred sjwial police have been delegated, including detectives from Baltimore, Philadelphia, ISew 1 ork and Boston. A large body of Wide-Awakes are also here, said to lie thoroughly organized, but make no public demonstration. Letters from Montgomery say a special envoy left the former place several days ago for the Federal Capital , and it is supposed to be now there. He is instructed to present his credentials immediately alder the inauguration as Ambassador from the S uithern Confederacy, and will ask its recognition by tbe United States. He will insist ujKtn an . nme liate answer, and upon failure to get one. will retire. His failure to get a recognition, it is understood at Mod lc followed by an attack upon fort tmter and Pickens, and thus an issue of force will be precipitated on the new Administration. Whether this prapjranMM nfll be carried out. depends some what jirobably on the character of Lincoln's inaugural. Southern w 1. yokrout. Vs., '.:; March . The Herald's correspondent says that a number of the member? of the volunteer :comnanios were der lined last nicht for the purpose of patrolling in the citr. It apfiears that information reached the Mayor of Petersl.urg. to the effect that an outbreak would soon follow the inauguration of Mr. Lincoln, and it is understood that a police officer arrive.! in this city yesterday as s special messenger to Mayor Lamb, bearing the above information. The city will doubtless be under the charge of our volunteers for some time to come. But more is feared of the white Abolitionists than the blacks. We are prepared, howe. er, lor any emergency that may arise. A greit many dischirt' have taken place within the last few days at the Gosport navy yard, and all who are known to favor secession are stricken from tbe pay roll. Wnlera e. Fon KcASatrv. SmJar. Mir J. The following item of news were received hr , the Puny K;re-- yc-terdny. but their transmis sion was delayed in consequence of an intermp tion of the wire. The resolution which mse I the Assembly, en I c'orsiiii: the Crittenden plan and tbe patriotic flip xrt taken these ! bv Don.lns and Breckmride, is --ill under m-ideration in the Senate. It was drawn up by Mr Denver, and is advocated by a ! portion of the Iem tei icv. as a batis for re or gniiizing thai party in California. The proposition in the Senate lo strike ont lite name- D mgl.i and Bre kinridge and then ! imhirsc the sinitle Crittenden plan. 'frie ll.-ncli- Iem'M-rat hue concluded to 110111.111 a Senatorial candidate and endeavor to seciua joint convention afterwards. A caucus had Iteen held at Su-raroetrtn, at winch two ballots wve taken lor United States Sen .tor" On each Denver received 17. Xungent 10. Kmdolph 12, and McDougsl 15. Necejaary to a choice 'Jttuhuinjrton BMfM , ,wi-ti, teturdav. March J. In Gov re etxeri to tlav tr m tl.e nine at at Montiomerv show ing that it waft proceeding with pre t vigor Mv the 4ih of Marsh it is believed tbe entire "" .0 "' will Mare len taken : ;.000 volunteers are now being drilled and under canvas waitinjf orders. A lanre a mount of provisions andsupplie of all sorts h .ve been purchased recently in Chicago. St Louis and Cincinnati, and sent to Mobile and Nrw fir. cms f,,r .'i-tribulion. tin the 1th of M 1 roll the new postal ments pi into effect. The die for tlw new stamps bastieen made, and the old rontr u tor- are to be continued in tbe MVt k-c ol the Con it.. The prent taril p ir.irv. and ;l vu be a.otUJ. p-tss:i. ;i mnr tv stem will t rain e York. Ml Tom. Sanwaay. March 2 ' '' I'nitel St. Marshals attempted tojmt a fugitive Max riianwd John i'alliemi. said f. Iteb.ng ft Mr .lame-on 0 Lanesbarg. V.r gin. a. ..bo nd the -teniMT Yorktasrn. hut he was rescued fntm their custody by a crowd. The o.'bcei - ii id ii' . v .1 it Hit The steauiers Kangaroo. IfsMftie and FmMtm sailed at noon to day for Kurope. uking oat M get her ten thousand dollars in specie mud 313