Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 4, Number 75, Indianapolis, Marion County, 27 January 1849 — Page 2

3aMatta Btatc Sentinel. CT CRM AL VIGILANCE I THE FtlCE OF LIBERTY. Weekly paper. S year Jsemi -Weekly. $1 a year. t.DlA!VAPOLlS, JAXLAUV 27. IS49. E.UÖl'it ATIC M)1IA ATIOIVS. FOR GOVERNOR. JOSEPH A. WRIGHT, OF PARK l COUXTV. FOR LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR. JAMES H. LANE, OF DKARBORX C()F.TY. Democratic Statu Central Committee.

A. Ct. PORT BR, DAVID REYNOLDS. DR. L. DUN LAP. WM. H. MORRISON, GEO. A. CHAPMAN, DR. A. GALL, C. G. WERBE, N. BOLTON, FRANCIS KING. GEN. J. P. DRAKE. illariou County Convention. A Ounty Convention of the Democrats of Marion County will be held nt the Curt House in Indianapolis, on SATURDAY, th? 1th of APBIL next, at 10 o'clock, A. M., for the purpose of appointing delegates to represent said county in the Congressional District Convention ; and also to nominate candidates for the several offices to be filled by the people of Marion countu at the next August election, to-wit : a Senator, two Representatives, a Clerk of the Circuit Court, two Associate Judges, and a County Commissioner for the 3d District. This District is composed of Tike, Wayne, Decatur and Perry townships. The Democrats of the several townships of the county are respectfully requested to meet at such time as may suit their convenience and appoint delegates to represent them in the county convention as above. By order of the County Committee. tf. Congressional Conventions. The following time9 and places have been agreed upon in the districts named : Is?. District Thursday, April 12, at Petersburg!), jike county. 2d. District Saturday, April 21, at Charlestown, Clark county. 5th. District Thursday, April 12, at Indianapolis. Centre Toiviilii3I:irion County. The Democrats of Centre Township, are rt nested to meet at the Court Houe on SATURDAY the 3lst vi Mirch, at 10 o'clock. A. M. for the purpose of appointing Delegates to represent said township in the county Convention to he held on April the 7th, and to transact any other necessary and proper business. It is hoped that there will be a general turn cut. tf Good as ant. Wc see the name of J. P. Chapman of the State Sentinel mentioned as a suitable candidate for C mgres-i in this district. We have had our mind fitd upon Dr. Ritchey as the most prominent individual in the district if it be the conclusion to run a new man, yet if the choice should fall upon another, it could come to no one more deserving than Mr. Chapman. Franklin Fxa miner. We are pleased to learn, says the Madison Weekly Courier, of the 17th inst, tha't the democracy of the Fifth Congressional District talk of making J. P. Chapman, Junior editor of the State Sentinel, their candidate for Congress at the next August election. Mr. Chapman is an industrious, practical man, (printer generally are of tV.is stamp) and would make a good Representative. It would afTord us much pleasure to see him go to Congress, and it would afford some evidence that the merits of editors are not always overlooked. Columbus Democrat. Music. We have but barely time to call the attention of our musical friends, (and they are all imbued with ihe spirit of harmony, or ought to be.) to the advertisement of Professor Pcarsall. And while about it, wc would recommend them, one and all to call on him, at Hood &. Noble's bookstore, and scand hear the beautiful instrnments he lias for sale. If not every family, (and they can easily do it,) every school should adopt music as a necessary branch of education ; and here may bo found instruments at a price which noncan or ought to object to. 07-We have noticed in several papers a painful rumor that cx-Govcrtnr Jones and ex-Governor Brown of Tennessee lately fought a duel near Memphis, in which the latter was said tobe killed. A bitter feud existed between them during the late presi dential contest, which gives some color of probability to the story, but it is doubtles unfounded, as no mention is made of it in recent telegraphic despatches from that quarter. 07" Well : the long mooted question icho is Govfrnor of Ohio his been Fettled at last. Mr. Ford was inaugurated on the 22d inst. His inaugural address is short, fair in style, but wonderfully destitute of point. He open3 with half a column of commonplace truims, such as no one has doubted these many years, and gradually comes, towards the middle of the address, to the nnhj recommendation contained in it t - r'j.eal of the B'tck Lues. The repeal of that tection which forbids the testimony of mulattoes or blocks in either civil or crimnil suits at law, is particularly urged. This one measure is all Gov. Ford deems of sufficient importance to find a place in his first message. If this be all Ohio needs she is more fortunat than her lister States. In a tolerably careful reading i f the address we nowhere find the least apology for taking upon himself the functions of Chief Mrgistrato with IIB less than a legal majority of the votes cat. Rut the Whig lenders decided that Ford should be Governor nr. v'- and the.' carried their 1 pon. KiNTf'cKV. The Legislature of Kentucky elected, cn t::e 2od. hf following S'ato officers: R. Win iersruith, of Louisville, Treasurer of State ; A. G. Jl'nlges Sc Co., public printers; R. Pindell, commissioner of the Lunatic Asylum. All Whigs wc suppose. 07-To Printers. The Cadiz (Ohio) Sentinel establishment is f r sale. The Sentinel is Democratic in politics Iiüs a subscription lit of eight hundred in number good advertisin?? and job custom county democratic. Addrc-3 Williams & Steward, Cadiz, Harrison county, Ohio. Cold Weather. Tho milk men in Philadelphia. were unable to serve their customers on Wednesday morning, (10th inst.,) owing to the intensity of the cold. The milk actually froze into solid cakes in their cans. Too highly watered perhaps. Venerable Editor 1-zt. The Lancaster (Pa.) Examiner announces the death of Col. Christian Jacob flutter, at Easton, Pa., aged 80. He founded Beveral papers in Lancaster, Allentown, and Easton, continuing m an editor and contributor from 1790 down to 123. He was for several years a representative in the Legislature alo. Land Slide. During the rains and thaw of Man" day week, says the Baltimore Sun, the excavnted hill sides bordering on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, iinmediauly west of the Due Gully Tunnel, slid off upjn the track of the rail road, covering it to the ex tent of several hundred feet with masses of earth and jock. With oil the f.uco that can be brought to bear upontheoliMruction.it will probably require several day- before the traek is entirely ch ared, and in the mean time the trer.sportation tT merchandise must be t'ispended. Wisconsin. The Hon. I. P. Walker, democrat, has been elected U- S. Senator for the State of Wisconsin, for J1X years from and alter the 4th of March next.

Odd Fellowship. Wo have received several numbers of a new weekly paper, published at Now York city, entitled "The Mirror of the Times." Besides its literary and general features as a newspaper, in which it is very respectable, it is the ndtocatc of what is called the new Constitution party in "Odd Fellowship," that very remarkable Society, which, originating from the smallest beginnings some twenty years since, has spread itself all over the country, and now numbers in its ranks at least 1:30,000 active members; 1500 lodges; a revenue of a million dollurs a year; and a proportionate expenditure in the way of the "relief" of its own membership and for the purposes of general charity, without distinction of sect, party or social concondition. It appears by what we learn from this new paper, and from other sources, that this association has outgrown the provisions of its original fundamental laws, in some respects, and that in the eflort to accommodate those laws to its present condition, two parties have sprung up in the State of New York, called the "old Constitution Party" and the "new Constitution Party;" and further, that the difference is becoming of interest to the order elsewhere, and will ultimately enlist it everywhere in the controversy. The gist of the question seems to be, the relative powers and prerogatives vested in the subordinate lodges, and in the grand lodges of the States and of the United States. In the end, numbers no doubt will gain the victory, fur that is in accordance with the spirit of the nge and rule of right. In the meantime wc would advise all interested to subscribe for the "Mirror of the Times," published at 100 Broadway, New York, at 2 a year, and edited by W. W. Wallace, M. D. It contains much other interesting matter, besides that relating to Odd Fel Iowship. The 'Golden Rule," by the way, published in the same city, is the organ of the "old Constitution" party, in the same order. Caleb B. Smith. In our last we took occasion to show up tiie hypocrisy of this gentleman upon the free soil question, ns recently developed in Congress. We find that the Free Soilcrs are into his ivoul pretty extensively also. Hear what the Free Soil papr at South Bend, Ind., says of him : 'At the time of his nomination for C. rres, no man in the Whij: tank? could equ.il Caleb H. Smith of this State, in zeal fr Anti Slavery principle?. On that account the WhU put him in nomination, his district beii. the strong hoM of b:Jitionirn in this State. And ?uch wa the confidence reposed in the man and his pnfeiiHH, thit the liberty men declined opposing him. He was elected by a larc nujoiity. He was the best specimen of an anti-lavery Whig ever placed upon the political race course. II is stump peeches have al vays been strongly itnbneJ with abolition irn, sdJ mt bitter denurchtion? tf slavery and the Slave Power. Hut unfoitunately Mr. Smith name has been mentioned in connection with some office in the cabinet if Gen. Taylor. That is all. He has received no olficc, and we presume not eveo the promise of one from Gen. Taylor, but mark the change. This brawling: A bolition Whig suddenly becomes meek as a lamb. He can -it still and seethe most important question aflVctin;; llumau Libeity put lo a vote, without opening his mouth even to vote. He ha become a dumb' dog. Now if such an effect can be produced while (Jen. Taylor is a thousand mile oil, what may we expect when he comes upon the ground. When we fee s many traitors to the cause f humanity, we are led to inquire whom can we trust Our ans a ei i, our own men, and nobody else. When we ee man withdrawing from old piity associations, leaving old political fiiend, sundering old political tie,&caue he lfie principle mne th'in party, we can safely ay, heie is a man of the liht mettle, on whom power canno' crii'h, or seduce. For one we are rea 1 to say, that while we have a vote, it shall never be cat fji a man belonging 10 a party having ny connection with slavery. If a Whi dare ak 11 to sustain his pMy candid ites, and point us to whig resolutions and whig professions, we shall reply, "Look at Cale Ssiith the traitor." "CALE SMITH THE TRAITOR !" is a tlistinc tion which that gentleman did not contract for in his desperate niino?uvreings f r the Postmaster generalship : but he hns got it, and deserves to wear it ! (r7A petition to Congress, praying for the establishment of a regular line of convoys between Fort Leavenworth and Sin Francisco, is in circulation at St. Louis. It must, we think, b; apparent that this system would add greatly to the safety and convenience of emigrants, and aid in establishing a line of communication between the present States of the Union and its late important acquisitions. Such a system would be calculated to insure the transmission cf the treasures of that country to those points where they would he of the greatest utility, free from those risk.-? which must attend their transmission around the Cnpe, or een by the Isthmus. The dangers adverttd to need scarcely be particularized. Storms and piracies would thus be avoided, and equal econoorny of time secured. Tne Government itself should be deeply concerned in this matter. The mines of California must soon become a source of public revenue, and it is all important that the safest possible means of transmission of that revenue should be devised. Until a direct communication by rail road between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans shall be established across the continent, we think tiie system of Convoys proposed, would be found of vast utility, aad we hope that speedy action in the premises may be had by Congress.

Gold Dollat.s. We learn, says the Philadelphia Ledger, from the Hon. Charles Brown, at Washington, that the subject of coining puld doIars is now before the committee of ways and means of the House, as wrll as one of the committees rf the Senate, nnd we have Ihn nmo authority for saying it is likely to be recommended by them to the favorable consideration cf Congress. No objection is urged to the measure by the politicians, that wc have heard; and so far ns the pre9 may be taken as an exponent of the popular wish, the country every where favors such coinage. Under such a state of things, there is reason to hope that an net, authorizing gold dollars, may become a-law the present session of Congress. fj7There must be something wrong about the Constitution of Pennsylvania. A member of the House of Representatives votes for nnd elects himself Treasurer of State ; and Wm. F. Johnson, was recently in the enjoyment of three high olllces at the same time, to-wit : Acting Governor, President of the Senate, and member of the Senate. At the same time Mr. Johnson was elected Governor he wa3 also elected a State Senator. . That Golt. Letters have heen received at Ihe State department, nt Washington, dated Monterey, Nov. 10th, which fully confirms all previous accounts of the inexhaustible supplies of gold in California. Tho accounts are even more favorable than given in Qny previous despatches. Newspapers in Brazil. According to a recent law, and in force in Brazil since November, newspapers printed in Brazil py no postngo, and ore sent through the post office without any charge, as also foreign newspapers directed to public libraries in that cmpirc. QT-Gideon J. Ball has been elected Treasurer of the State of Pennsylvania. He was a member of the Legislature and vuu-d f r himself, which secured his election by one majority ! This is one way to get an office, and a way which no one but a genuine hnnhcr whig would be guilty of resorting to. fj7-Gcn. Cass has been elected to the U. S. Senate by the Michigan Legislature. He received a clear majority of ten over all others. Or-Ex-Lt. (iov. Wells has been appointed canal trustee in Illinois, vice Col. Oakley, deceased. Francis F. Flood, Quartermaster U. S. N., was killed by falling down the stairs of the Liverpool liouc, in Philadelphia, on Sunday week.

CORRi:SPOI'DEXCE. Mrs Sarah T. Bolton, now on a visit to Washington, New York and o'lier eastern cities, before leaving Indianapolis, promised her lady acquaintances

that she would give an occasional description of what . she sä w during her absence, for publication. These Indies, some of whom are originally from the eat, and others who had visited the Atlantic cities, were anxious to know how u live hoosier would f.fl nnd writn who had iK-vcrbecn out of the State, and who had i never even been on a railroad car b.it once, and then . . but on a journey of forty mile to our neighboring town Columbus. The subjoined letter was not intended for publication ; but the ladies alluded to insist on the promise of Mrs. B. and request an insertion. The letter is dated, "On the Ohio River below Pittsburgh) Saturday. Jan. 20. 1819. 'My dear husband and children 1 have found that I cannot write for publication on a Steam Boat. There is too much to hear, too much to see, and too much to lenrn. The mind canot turn in and concentrate its energies on any subject long enough to digest it. And there is another and a better reason why I do not write for publication now I want to tell you and the children all I have seen and ali I have felt, if it were possible. Up to this time every thing has been pleasant indeed. My Railroad ride was fine. I found a number of old acquaintances, and made some new ones. Instead of eating at Vernon, the regular dining place, Mr. Brown and myself had concluded to wait till we arrived at Madison, as our friend M. G. Bright, Esq had invited us to dine with him; but when the cars stopped, a good friend of Indianapolis, cllered me his arm to lead me out to dinner, of course I went out, and ate a hearty meal. We arrived at Madison about three o'clock and went immediately to .Mr. Bright's. Dinner was ready and we did justice to it you may be sure. While we were visiting, the Railroad packet left us, and we took the mail packet Pike No. 7 instead. It was to have arrived at the wharf, at Cincinnati, at four o'clock, but did not till seven. WhiUt we were waiting for the boat, at Madison, I met my old friends Mr. J. Sheets, Dr. Watts, Gillet, Jackson end a number of others. On the Pike the accommodations were good and the company decidedly pleasant. You can hardly imagine my sensations. Every thing was new, everything beautiful, every thing astonishing. We got to Cincinnati about seven next morning. Thirtysix Steam Boats were lying at the wharf, and the moment we had our breakfast over Mr. B. hurried down among them to select the best for our trip to Pittsburgh. He selected the Paris and she proved a first rate boat in every respect. As to the passengers, they are all kind and friendly, and so plain are the ladies in their dress, that I have had no occasion to wear my best clothing. By the way, I have concluded that fewer clothes would have done me just as well. We shall bo at Pittsburgh ot tim o'clock to-night. It is not a quick trip. We met the ice from the Alleghany and Monongahela rivers on the second day wc were out, nnd it greatly retarded our progress, by breaking our wheels and rudder, nevertheless I have passed tiie time most pleasantly, I assure you. It is right funny to see how carefully they keep the gentlemen out of the ladies' cabin. I h ive a nie berth close to the stove, and am just, as much nt home here as I am in our own parlor or bed chamber. Two days ago a ladv came on board, with two children. I felt nn interest in her as soon as I saw her. The more I saw of her the more I loved her. Who do you think she was Well, she was the daughter of the late Governor Worthington of Ohio nnd wps born in Chilicothc. She is now the wife of Mr. Pomeroy, of Pomeroy, Meigs country, Ohio. She is not pretty, but she is certainly one of the most interesting ladies I ever met. When she was reading my scrap-bock she noticed the poem to your Grandfather. Ah, said she, I know that man very well ; he has often been at my father's house; and then she told an anecdote of him and her father, which I'll tell you when I get home. She tried to make me promise t spend some days with her on my return. About the high hills, the tall cedars, the bright green mistletoe, the bald grey clitFs, the beautiful towns and the thousand and one wonders that I Lave seen I cannot tell you now. I shall treasure them nl! up for future days. If 1 could just enable you to see for one moment what is passing around mo now, 1 know that you would wonder that I could write at all. There is a German gentleman and Iiis lady sitting near me on the left, jabbering away, with nil their might ; nt my rirjht there is a baby crying and teasing her nurse; just beforo imo there nre three ladies playing with another baby ; behind, the folding doors are open into the gentlemen's cabin and the gentlemen nre promenading up and down that long room, with a ceaseless tread. On deck they are playing the fiddle, and dancing. On the guards the chambermaid is singing and ironing and louder than all is the noise of the boat pulling away for lift, and occasionally screaming at the top of her iron lungs. As we npproach Pittsburg recollection bri.igs me back to that old pockf t-book, containing the commissions of my revered Grandfather, we onrc examined together with so much interest, nnd that one you pointed out with so much interest, signed in the hand writing of the Earl of Dunmore the Governor of Virginia, authorizing my grandfather to select a small company of young men to explore the country nnd the old f irt at the site where the city of Pittsburgh now stands, which duty I nm informed ho performed with much credit to himself. But enough of this. We arc almost at Pittsburgh now. We go by water to Brownsville and then take the stage. It will cost tne ten dollars and fifty cents to Pittsburgh, and, if nothing happens, less than twenty to Washington. So you see I w ill have plenty ef money to c? rry mo through and more than enough. I would not take a hundred dollars for what I have already learned. I am afraid you can't rend this stuff; but indeed I cannot write any better with this pencil. SARAH T. BOLTON. fj7"The man who took the lead in the exhibition of the "Shaker Family," recently given in this city, is, in our opinion, no better than he ought to be, and is deserving of anything but public approbation and encouragement. What religious society but might thus be held up to public odium, by rascally mountebanks ? The man's head was a sufficient index to his true character, if there is any truth in phrenology; as to the women, we say nothing, except that we were surprised that they could thus degrade themselves and their sex. Inmana Weekly Gazetie. This 13 the title, of a new paper just commenced at Shelbyvillc, Ind., by Jrssn 7. El.I.lOT. It contains much interesting matter, and is very respectable in mechanical execution. .t"7Itev. Henry W. IJeecher's church at Brooklyn, X. Y., was recently damaged by fire to the amount of about $1,00. The loss in covered by insurance. The building will be ready for public worship again in a few weeks. 07"The recent difficulty between Dr. Davis, Amermcrican Commissioner to Chini, and certain officials of the latter country, has been amicably adjusted, and the usual good understanding now exists between them. 17-The Illinois Legislature has elected General James Shields a Senator of the United States for six years from the 1th of March next. General Shields is known far and wido as ono of the heroes of the lato Mexican War. He uccerds Hon. Sidney DrrcseKentucky Sknatok. The legislative Whir cancus, on the 21, nominated Hon. Henry Clay for U. S. Senator, nftcr a long and stormy session. We presume that settles the matter. The term is for six years. Ciiai:i.i.s Fames, Msg , for nonm time the associate editor of the Washington Union, has been appointed Commissioner of the United States to the Sandwich Islands. j (fö-Mr. Sibley, delegate to Congress from the territory of Minesota, has been admitted to a seat. He wn worn in on the Ifith int.

The Democratic Candidate. ( Marcus L. Deal, Esq., one of the editors of the Sa. lern, Washington County. News, in that paper of Jan. 10, mokes the following notice of the Democrat-: n j lc candidate for Governor. Mr. D. is a srtenuous ''

xvhir, but is nut incapable of doing justice to the J personal merits cf a poliiical opponent : i With Afr WrlfrLt no I no tlio rdnn.:irp of a 1 long and intimate acquaintance having been raised i ll'p same town. We have worked many a long ! Ii . l -i .i--i -.i l - i ...I.,.. I "nu Kn.u" IIM ue " u:? or,c.K 1 W ., . the day s tri?!; was completed, we have went iorin to gether in the pleasant forests which surrounded tiie beautiful village of Bloomington, in search of wild fruits and nuts particularly the Walnut, which Mr. Wright gathered in grent nbundance and sold to obtain books to pursue his studies. From these circumstances he gained the appellation of the 44 Walnut tiul'er," wh'ch title we presume he bears to this day. One other circumstance connected with our boyhood may not be amiss to relate ;is a good joke. "Once upon a time," we took it into our heads to appropriate to our own use, upon a small indulgence," some very fine water melon which grew in our vicinity. According to previous arrangement, at nightfall, wc, in company with several companions, (Wright in the lead) entered the pitch ; but lo ! nnd behold ! ' the man" was there with a strong guard, all armed with twisted hickory willies well roasted in the fire to make them tough. A real Buena Vista charge by the withu men, immediately ensued otF we scampered at full speed. Wright in the lead again, taking every thing before him, with his big feet and long len-s, in the vegetable line cabbage, corn, beans nnd p irnpkins suffered terribly from the concussion. He was hard pressed by one of the watch, who had singled him out, and on reaching the fence, the necesary delay there, gave his pursuer the advantage over him, and the result was, he got a sound drubbing, which effectually broke him from "looAiJg" melons. Although we escaped umrhipped, the result was the same in a word that scrape also broke us of the bad practice of melon 'hooking.' If Mr. Wright should run as well in August as he did upon that eventful night, (and there should be no fence to intercept his progress) his election is certain. Shortly after this event Mr. Wright entered College, where he soon gave evidence that he posessed the material to make a man far above mediocrity ; but being poor nnd having no resources but his own labor, he was not long permitted to enjoy the advantages of a collegiate education. He quit college for the want of means ; but fortunately he mot with a kind benefactor, who permitted him to study law in his othVf. When he finished his studies, he obtained license to praciiee, nnd located himself in Rockville, Parke county, where he soon became very popular as a lawyer nnd a politician. He represented his county in both branches of our State Legislature, and finally he went to congress one term from his district. In short Joseph A. Wright, is a self-made man. in the true serine of the term, and deserves great credit for the advancement he l.ns made. If the fates again decree that we shall have another Democratic Governor (God forbid it) we know of none we w ould prefer to our old friend Wright. But. he is a violent Loenfoeo and his principles are averse to the welfa-e of the State, and consequently, notwithstanding our warm personal regard for him, we feel bound to do every thing in the bounds of honor to defeat his election. Mio rioriclu 1Hrerl:idcs. There has been some discussion in the Senate of the United States on Mr. Westcott's bill for the draining of the everglades of Florida. This region of country known ns the everglades comprises u large surface, many millions of acres, of marshy land, in some places wholly submerged, and in other places partially so. This land is wholly useless to the Government, and must ever remain useless unless it is drained. Mr. Wcstcott's bill proposes to give the whole of this waste land to the State of Morula, on condition of its being drained and made productive. If the necessary works are not commenced by the State in two years, and finished in ten years, the law becomes nugatory. The level of the everglades is considerably above that of the Atlantic nnd it is higher than the Gulf. From Ibis fact it is inferred that the process of draining would be thoroughly successful, if prosecuted in a proper manner and upon a sufficiently large scale. The following description is from the report of Mr. Buckingham Smith, who was employed by the Govern ment some time ago to make a rcconnoisancc of the everglades. "They lie in a vast basin of limestone rook. Their waters nre entirely fresh, varying from one to six feet in depth. Their usual level is, I am satisfied more than twelve feet above that of the waters of the straits of Florida and the Atlantic ocean, but of course, not so great above the gulf of Mexico. As the everglades extend southwardly from Lake Okechobec, they gradually decline, and their waters move in the same course. They have their origin in the j copious rains which fall in that latitude during thei 1 f 11 1 .1 ii 1 t r. - i autumn ono mil, nmi in 11.0 overnow 01 onKu vjkpchobce through swamps between it nnd the everglades. Lake Okcchobec is the reservoir of the waters of the Kissimo river, which rises up the peninsula some hundred and odd miles, nnd of stream of minor extent flowing into the latter from the country contiguous to it. It is of fresh water, said to be deep, nnd its average diamater is about thirty miles. The rim of the "basin" is of lime rock. The waters of the glades are at different distances from the coast of the gulf, of ihe straits, atid of the ocean. On the eastern and sou hern sides of the peninsul i they are within from two to ten miles of the shores of the straits nnd ocean, w hile on the western side, they are from ten to fifty miles from the gulf. Many small rirers or creeks empty into the bays nnd sounds on the southern and eastern sides. In wet seasons, when the basin is full, its waters find outlets over the low places in the river, and form rivulets running into the necks of the rivers." The bill granting this waste region to the State of Florida was supported by Mr. Senator Benton, w ho made one of those descriptive speeches which no one in the Senate or out of it can do belter. The reasons urged in behalf of the bill seem to be satisfactory and conclusive. The proceeds, if there be any over and above the expense of draining, are to be applied by ihe State of Florida to the support of common schools. Death ot C ol. Crolian . This distinguished officer died last evening, from the etfect of a disease resembling cholera, which he suffered to remain upon him near two days, before calling in medical assistance. Ho was attacked on Saturday, but paid 110 heed to bis complaint till towards noon on Monday. He lingered till night-fall, in the perfect possession cf Iiis faculties. When ho felt the band of death upon him, he gave directions as to the disposition of his- body, with the greatest calmness, entrusted vuriotis messages with surrounding friends, nnd closed his eyes for ever. Col. Croghan was the won of Major Wm. Croghan. of the Revolutionary war. His mother was the sister of the celebrated General George Bogers Clark, who overran the North western Territory during the struggle for American independence, and achieved for the United States tho titlo by conquest, by which that immense tract of country, now subdivided into States and teeming with a thriving and hardy population, became a part of this confederacy. Both upon the father r.nd the mother's side he inherited the blood of the revolution. Upon the breaking out of the last war, Colonel Croghan entered the army. At an early age of nineteen he made tiie gallant defence of Fort Sandusky. By this brilliant feat he inscribed his name upon the scroll of fame. Ho married and resigned his commission shortly after the peace. But during the administration of General Jackson he returned to the service with the commission of Inspector General, which was tendered to him by that illustrious commander. He held this office to the time of his death. He was in his fifty-ninth year, und leaves behind him a wife ami family. It was scarcely huped that he would live through the day yesterday. It was the glorious Eighth of January, nnd ns the booming of cannon would shake the chamber of death, thoughts of the olden time would come over him, and he would straightway revive. He had heard such sounds long ngo, and they spoke to him of the pat. Towards evening he weakened as the moments wasted. He struggled through till night closed upon the earth. The military had fired their last salute in honor of the expiring day. When its echoes had censed to reverberate, the hero of Sandusky was dust. Ar. O. Firayunr. (Mh r'rnt.

Correspondence oj the Public L'dger. E'loni Washington. Washington, January 14, 1519. Thus far, the Southern Committee have made but little progress toward union and harmony. Mr. Calhoun's report, as I telegraphed to you already, has met with some opposition, and when th-i vote was finally taker, received only eight out of the fifteen votes, and was thus barely ccrricd. T morrow, the fight will be renewed in caucus, and if Mr. Calhoun be not more fortunate then than he was yesterday, the nddrcss, however vigorous and seemingly calm, will be deprived of hilf its moral influence. The fict is, the South, ns w ell as the North, nre tired of the agitation of this question, from w hich no good can possibly result, and which inflicts a vast de;il of injury on the whole country by taking up the time which could be more profitably spent on better and more important subjects. If we are to believe the extreme southern gentlemen, (of which notwithstanding the assertion in today's Union, there are not many,) the whole continent was made chiefly for the negro race, nnd thre is no more important question than to decide w hither negroes may go, and w hither they may not go. This nice point constitutes the edge of the Damascus blade of their chivalry, and beyond this, lcgiIationconsixts of mere trivial "things. For the last week, we have had nothing but negro questions up in both Houses, and so wc shall be occupied with the darlings till the end of the session. What a spectacle this presents to the world! and yet our would-be-critics of foreign institutions would recommend other nations to follow our enlightened example! From what I have had occasion to observe, the debates have not tended to smooth our differences between the extreme sections, but the middle men seem to approach each other, and tiie result so far has been a considerable accession of strength to what may be

called the Northern doctrine. The Wihnot Proviso is stronger now than it was on the 4th of December, and in my opinion will be carried by a most decided vote in both iiousesof Congress. When the vote will be taken in the Senate, the majority tor it will be larger than it w as supposed, and many a Senator will vote in the affirmative that was counted upon ns a Southern champion. I have given you nearly a fortnight ago my views as to the probability of its becoming a law, and will not, therefore, repeat them here. Mr. Ililliard, of Alabama, will to-morrow introduce two bills in the House, for the purpose of attempting another compromise, coming as near as possible to the Missouri compromise. He will propose to Texas, and thinks she will nccept it, to separate from her all her territory North of 'M V(), and incor ooratc the same as a Territory cf the United States, under the name of Utah Territory ; its Western limit j to be the Sierra Nevada of California. For this ces- i sion Texas is to be compensated by receiving New j Mexico, and such a Western extension ns shall be; agreed on. It is understood, however, that the South claim the extension clear through to the Pacific ocean. including the harbor of San Diego. The remainder of California is to form a separate territory, or her citizens may come with a constitution nnd nsk ndmisFion into the Union at the next session. The Wilmot Proviso might be applied to the Utah Territory or to California proper; but the territory annexed to Texas would, of course come under the laws of that State. The Bill is nn honest nttempt at a compromise, but the present agitation of Southern members is not faorable to its passage. Mr. Douglass' bill, which made the fairest proposition to the South, was killed, or is about to bo killed, by a Southern report, and I should not be astonished to see even Soulhern men vote against Mr. Hilliard's proposition. They literally jump from the frying pan into the fire, .nil for what they are pleased to call "love of principle." Another IVew System of Telerapliin;

A writer in yesterday's Atlas, holds the following duce of California, and were shipped as follows : to language: poril, $1,433 30; Mazatlan. .'00; Rnvian Ameri"It seems to be now generally admitted, that thejea, .s7,JS5 50 ; Tabita, $700; Sandwich Islands, 'Columbian Instrument" is killed by tho trial at j $!fc0. The balance were'of the produce of foreign Frankfort, and that House's has died of its own impo- j countries, $19,343 TH, nnd shipped a follows : "to tenrif. Bain's is a humbug, and good for nothing, nnd ( tho United Stale, $,100 ; Sandwich Islands $12,will never broa'hc the breath of life, notwithstanding : 4 PJ 13; .Mazatlan, .xLSU 50. the puffing of tho press." Total imports for The same period, $-"i3.5S9 73. of We nre not a little interested, ourself, in these tel- which $0,790 51 came from the United States, &7fcgraphic systems, and wc have been in the habit of 701 53 from the Oregon, $3,G70 44 from Chili, $31,watching them closely for three or more years. Wc j 7 It) 73 from Sandwich Islands, $-47l 3'g from Busare free to say that as far ns we can judge from cx- jsian America, $192 57 from Bremen, and $710 54 animation of patents, nnd of system?, Morse has a ' from Mexico. perfect patent for all marking etectric telegraphs, nnd General B::.m arks. At present a large portion of will be triumphantly sustained by the highest tribunals the trade ofSan Francisco is indirect, nnd conscquentiu the United States. Bain's telegraph is nothing ly costly to tho consumers, who have to pay duties more nor less than a marking telegraph, and a very and profits to tiie merchants nnd governments of other bad one nt that! Wc have now in our possession countries hy the channels f trallic. In selecting the Bain's "claims" as patented in this country, on De- prt of Sin Francisco for a naval establishment upon comber 5th, ISIS, and they amount to just nothing ihe Pacific, our government has shown a degree of at nil. Indeed, it is not a patent fur a telegraph that sagacity worthy of the highest statesmnnshipwithBain has received. It amounts to discoloring paper out the succor which American ports could extend to chemically prepared by the Prusiate of Potash by the our commerce, we have already four-fifihs of all the electric current. But just ns soon as Bain shall nt- shipping upon the Pacific under our own fl.ig. With tempt to use dots and lines to represent letters, &c., the nssis'.ance of a secure nival establishment on ihe making thcrn bv the use of a circuit, and by uses nnd western coast, under American hws, our commercial purposes as Morse uses electricity, he will be stopped interests must rapidly increase. ns was that most arrant nnd impudent thing the "Co-j . h ,mg bpon shiwn jmt ft!)0ut 0 000 of the umbian instrument ! If there be rights granted by , tra(Jc of ?an Frf,arisi.0 fof the llirrc momlg (,ndi law, the law is bound to protect those r-ghts. Morse h :Upt Decf,mbort lsi7f w;is w:.h thc Sandwich Islands, patents cover the whole ground, as fir as marhn tel-, Qnj mostly. fi,r nrlicI,.s U, wlh or .ce of egraphs go ! I he w hole sum and substance of his . hcfn Itvoui,3 1)0 a lnnjc,ratc tMiinc to allow the svstcm is and must be embodied in Bain s How ;$rnnc amount cf trade with nil the other California then cat. Bain, in the face of a clear grant of pnvil- porU for lhe Kamc iuiJf Md lhia U,MJ liP an an. eges, use-the same to the injury of the original pit- nual imirt.ct alul coslly lpulc of 0,,.,ut $o-K) 000. cntee. Until Morse s latent is broken, he has, nnd The amount of tr3(J, u,-,ic!j n(jr San,,wich Wandcrt will claim, nnd hold too, all the systems of electric have ,lCrrtofore nnnu;iUv enjoyed fre,,, our rmm-of-markmg telegraphs. This opinion is given at a cost .,. ,1 r 1" , : 1 . ,.ifft nan ff,r 0 ' 11 c war, whalers, and merchantmen, is about X 150,000. to ourse f, personal y, ol over a thousand dollars ! . rril, r . 1 . "1 . -T 1 . T, J . ,. , . w Inch must hoOii be transferred to ii:r merchants on JNot a record in Europe or America directly bearing ,t. rv.r,.-.. .; -..1 . ,1.. r 1 P 1 , , 1 1. , v , 0 the coast ot California, nnd is mostly-for beef, pork, on this, but we have consulted. Not a good lawyer ,i ,.1.-.. n0, t " 1 wr 1 .! . 1 1 1 c u . 1" Hour, poultry, vegetables, rc. in Washington, that wc have heard of, but wc have ... . . c , , had his opinion recent nrrivnl from Canton has shown the pracThe people of the United States, who desire to in- ti.cabili!; jj! voyages being made between San Franvest money i telegraphs, especially in an opposition ; C1SC J1"1 C,,1,,a " frty-tivc Jay ; and the avcrago line, will soon have a chance in the only opposition period of voyages from San I ranc.sco to the Mexican

ti.nt i. i.t ;ci.,i c..,.orn., . ti, 1,,. dicating Telegraph," which in no way interferes or conflicts with the Morse system of marking telegraphs, but is swifter and more accurate, and can be used by anybody who can read, and has common ßense, in one day's practice. Thc Patent has already been granted and covers the whole ground of Indicating telegraphs in America, as Prof. Whcatstone's does now in Great Britain. The instruments have been in this city, end wc shall soon have them at work lierc again. I hey will show for themselves, and the patent will show for itself, embracing ns it does, a perfect system of telegraphing by indications, to be taken down as indicated, rapitlly ns a man can write. Wc repeat, there can bo but two useful systems of Electro Magnetic Telegraphs. Morse has one (the marking sysV I x I J m tern) and we happen to have invented and patented the other, viz: Thc "American Indicating; Dic Tel egraph," and that patent is really issued. It will be a very different system from .Morse's, but we have not the unity to suppose it will materially interfere with Iiis. It will indeed, be more rapid, and more accurate; it will also reduce the rates of telegraphing, and be especially beneficial to tho newspaper pres, but it will not interfere, materially, with the receipts on the Morse lines from this cause ; opposition and low rates with increased facilities, will make a much larger business over the lines, and fwcII the reccits on the principle of a nimble sixpence being better than a kIow shitting. It may be well enough for those having money to invest in telegrap'-.s to read what the Atlas writer has said as well as what is here put forth. Cincin nati Commercial. Editors Looking Ur. Governor Voting, cf New York, during his administration, probably appointed more editors nnd printers to office than nny of his predecessors. This exhibits his intelligent discrimination. A few days before his office expired, be nppointed among others at Boche.ter, as managers of the new House of Befuge, for the reform of juvenile offenders, Samuel P. Allen, of the Democrat, Alex ander Mann, of the American, and S. W. 1). Moore, of the Genessee Fanner. xumu'.Vr Democrat. Wallace C. Law, has been appointed Postmaster in this place, vice Amos Lane, resigned. Tho appointment is a very good one, and one that will give general satisfaction. Wallace lost his right arm in the service of his country in Mexico, and deserve a place under her eagle wings, to protect him in his cripled condition the balance of his life. Although lie is a whig, and our opponent in politics, wc must say that ns u government favor, it was nobly nnd worthily bestowed. Lawrenceburgh Register. nt ,ir , m, w.diKter U Mr. V ezstkii as an Author. 3Ir. ebster is said to be engaged in writing a history of Washington's adminUlrntion-nt lea.l. nny hi friend.

California lis Commercial Advantages t A recent number of that very able work. Hunt's Merchants Magazine," c Milains an excellent article on the commercial ndvantages of California, from which wc make extracts: WllF.N- Dicovei:ei and Coloxizf.O. Upper California was discovered in l.MS. by Cavello, the Spanish navigator. In 1.773 the northern portion of it was visited by S.r Francis Drake, who called it Nimv Albion. It was first colonized bv the Spaniards in 17GS, nnd formed a province of Mexico until after the revolution in that country." Its BouxnAitv and Extent. "It is bounded by Oregon on the north, the forty-second degree of north latitude being the boundary line of the- two territories ; on the east by the Bocky Mountains, on tho south by Sonora and old or Lower California, and on the wet by the Pacific Ocean ; its extent from north to south being about TOO miles, and the average distance from east lo west is about the same. The strip cf country along the Pacific Ocean, nb out 70 ) miles in leegt.i, and an avenge of PJö miles in breadth, bounded on the eat by the Sierra Nevada, and on the wct by tj,0 pacific, is the only fertile jurtioti of this extensive country." Its P i vers ami Noble Vallf.v. "The Sacramento and Joaipjin rivers hr vecach a course of from '.WO to 4l): miles ; the lirt flowing from the north, and the last from the south and both emptying into the Bay of Sin Trauere at the same point. They water the large and fertile valley lying between the Sierra Nevada und the coast range of mountains. This noble valley, the first in California, and one of the most magnificent in the world, is about 500 miles long and )0 wide. It is bounded on the cast by tho greal Snowy Mountains, and on the west by the low range, which in muny places dwindles into insignificant hills, and has its northern terminus at the strait

of Carquines, on the Bay of San Francisco, and its southern near the Colorado river, which is the largest in Upper California, and has a course of about 1,(KX) miles, emptying itself into the Gulf of California in latitude about Ilg deg. north." Bay- of San Francisco. "The bay of San Fran cisco is about !" mile? long at its extreme points if taken In a straight line in a north-northwest and a sonth-southeast direction, and its greatest width about 12 miles. From its position and extent, the city ar.d port of the same name mud become the depot for nil the produce of the great rivers and valleys. It will also become the great naval station of the Pacific, and here also will be the great rendezvous fur whalers." Town of Sax Francisco." The town of San Francisco is regularly laid out in lots of fifty varaa square, generally six of which form a block. Some, however, are in lots of a hundred varas, and are also in blocks of six. The streets are from .r0 to K 0 feet wide. There are large hotels here, besides boarding nnd public houses. Two wharves are nearly corn- ; pleted, which nre indispensable to tiie mercantile houses, and other important facilities for trade arc in progress. The Climate and Productions. ' The thermometer ranges at San Franci.-co from GO dee. to 1 dee-. A peach orchard bloomed in January and the fruit I uninjured. Culinary vegetables nre raised the year round. heat succeeds admirably, yielding in quality equal to Genesee or Egyptian. In grapes and wine, this land will, ere long, challenge the world. It is emphatically the land of the vine. Sheep arc very prolific, and subject to no diseases ; and here is just the pasturage and climate for growing the finest Merino and Saxony fleeces, Old Spain and New Holland not excepted." Value of biro r.is and Extorts. 44 The following statistics furnished by the Collector of the Port of 'San Francisco, eeibrace the quarter ending December ol, 143: lotal value of exports for the quarter, 49,597 53, of w hich &:t0.ft5.l S5 were of the nrol,oris au me oaiiuvwcn lsiancs, is less than twenty days.' Progress of Unity's Persecution. Liver tool, Saturday, 10 A. M. The Attorney General has not yet been able to get the uetty jury into the box, in order to ediudicato unon the guilt or innocence of Mr. Gavin Dulfy. The j argument on the general demurrer to all the counts .f 1 the indictment has not vet been disposed of. Mr. ; Dufly's friends are sanguine that judgment will ba in their favor; but there is no telling, after tho judgmentot last week, on thc objection lo tuerjualificalion of two of th? grand jury who found the la.t bill of indictment. In arguing the demurrer, Mr. Bult made a most splendid oration, replete with argument. " j I - - - - . j great forensic skill and eloquence. The fart is, that hc more than once bullied the knowledge of all the learned judges. Connected with this trial, a very strange and mysterious nlfiir has come to light. The Solicitor of Mr. Dully, Mr. Edward UTiorke, has published a letter in winch he says : Immediately aller Mr. 0Ioherty's third trial, a person found two docnm'.nts in the jury room, a few minutes nfter the verdict w an returned. The following is a copy of one of them : We find the prisoner guilty of printing and publishing the article bet forili in the indictment and that he is guilty of a gross misdemeanor, but the jury are not likely to agree to the i-ue paper submitted to them. Bemarking upon this, Mr. O'Borke says Thia is written on one side of a tdieet of paper, and when you turn over the leaf, you find written in a totally dilTorent, ai.d in a very easy Kd hand, the following ominous words "Guilty on fifth count." Tiie party who furnished these documents to .Mr. O'Borkc, Hssumes that the first w riting, which cannot be considered as a verdict, was a note sent of the jury 1 roüin for directions as to the verdict, and that the words guilty on fifth count," written 111 a djtlercnt hand, were thc nnwer 0 it. Un this surmise Mr. O'K rke observe:--" There are two facts we should renumber in considering that tho tindin.' on which the jury originators agreed, viz.: 'that lie is guilty of u great misdemeanor, and would have amounted t'o an acquittal on a charge of felony, and severally 'guilty on filth count,' va the erdict actually returned by the jury." Looking at lhe whole ullair, it is one ot too serious , nature to allow to pass without notice ; and if the jury have been tampered with it i monstrous that the prisoner should be thus unjustly and cruelly "swindled out of his liberty." The matter, we have no doubt will be investigated. Wc regret to say that tne internal siaiu 01 mo j , . country gcumc nurn- erjr - ir- y ' sunlhm .ng up vu-ry pvimy that the loud can produce.