Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 4, Number 72, Indianapolis, Marion County, 16 January 1849 — Page 2

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3abiatia State -Sentinel. E.TERNAL VIGILANCE 13 THE PBICE OT LIBERTY. Weekly inner. 2 n year S mi -Weekly. Ä-4 a vear. lIMAIOIJS, JiXlAKY 1C5. 184Ö.

FOll COVERNOK. JOSEPH A. WRIGHT, OF PARKE COUXTY. KOK LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR. JAMES H. LANE, OF DHARDORX COUXTY. fjpThe remarks of Mr. Line on the hill amending the charter of tin; White Writer Vallev Canal Company, nnd also tlie remarks of Mr. Ford, on the sla- ; very resolution!", are necessarily deferred. They will appear in our next Saturday's paper, i j--Tli Fre S.il S at C invention of Indiana; n V. . n. .-.r-lirrj to fwhertisement, at the Siate ! II .1- :; Inf!n:i.p"l.s, o.i Thursday, the 19th in-! staut. (j-Ve have been Tor some days past engaged in rending long, prsy, interminable articles in the Washington Union on the subject of slavery, 'The Spirit of the South," "More tiireat against tl.e S;.uth," Sec. &c. This will explain the barrenness of our columns this morning. Mr. Ritchie has no hobby : Not he ! The Western Sun. We announced a few days since, on the authority of the Vincennes Gazette, that the "Western Sun" had set. We now learn from the same source, that the Sun his again arisen, and shine with its usual brilliancy. CrThe New .Albany Democrat is now published daily. Success to it. FrakliVs Birth Day. We understand the printers of this City will celebrate the anniversary of Franklin's Uirth, by a convivial supper, &c, at the hotel of Mr. Ranneä Lawuf.ad, near the Depot, on to-morrow evening. This is right. After the nomination, Mr. Wright introduced a resolution into the convention, declaring it the true pol'cy 'f Congress not to legislate upon the Ordinance of '7, witli reference to the newly acquired territories of New Mexico and California. In substance, he occupies the same ground upon that subject that Gen. Cass held. The above is an extract of a letter from Indianapolis to the Tippecanoe Journal. It is false in every particular. Mr. Wright introduced no resolution of any kind whatever ; neither does lie occupy the position imputed to him. Will the Tip. Journal correct this assertion of its correspondent 1 Florida U. S. Senator. Gen. Jackson Morton, late a Taylor elector, has been elected to the U. S. Senate, (in place of Mr. Westcott) fornix years, from the 4th of March next. He received t?e votes of eight vhigs and all the democrats. Mr. Ward was the regular whig candidate. Severe But Just Sentence. The Poughkeepsie Journal. New York, savs a man named Charles Smith was found guilty, at the recent Oyer and Ter- j minr in that village, of gouging out the eye of ano- i ther mm with whom he hid been fighting, and the Judge sentenced him to ticenty-one years imprisont.nent in the State prison. The Quaker City is the title of a new paper at Philadelphia edited oy George Lippard. It is printed on large type, with pictures to match. As a writer, we consider this Mr. Lippard as nn unmitigated humbug. He tries to copy Head'ey's style, but makes a peroVt farce of it. His compositions are composed of icordi without meaning, sound without sense. We cannot recommend the Quaker City with Mr. Lippard as editor. New Coins. In the U. S. House of Representa tives, on Monday, the ISth, on motion of Mr. Grego- j rv, of New Jersey, the committee on ways and means were instructed to consider the propriety of reporting a bill for reducing the ize of the one cent coin, and t( authorize the coinage of u three cent piece, both to be composed of copper and some other precious metal. Depopulation of Liverpool. The number of inhabitants in Liverpool his diminished within the past year no les than 14,190 persons. There are said to be 400 houses unoccupied in the city. fjr-There is a convict in the Indiana State prison who is now serving on his sixth, sentence to this same prison ! fj7"Pope pins IX after his flight from Rome addressed a letter to his 'subjects and children" enjoining on them the duty of invoking "the Great Mother of Mercy, nnd the holy Aposths, Peter and Fuul, for their intercession on behalf of the city and State of Rome." We respectfully submit to His Holiness, without the least desire to meddle with his private affairs, whether it would nl be a much more direct and effectual way to invoke that One into whose hands is specially committed the atfiir of this World, instead of going to those who have no jurisdiction in the case. (rThe nomination of Lewis Cass, Jr. as charge to the papal States has been confirmed by the U. S. Senate. Tne next Congress will contain some five or six newspaper editors. Whether a seat in Congress is an exaltation or an abasement of the editorial dignity we will not at this time undertake to determine. Certain it is, however, that, s a general rule, editors take too much pains to manufacture great men with out having a proper regard fr themselves. To pu(f j into notoriety to warm into being men who would never be known out of their own neighborhood, appears to be the special mission on earlh of some editors. Now we luve been to the menagerie and we have seen the elephant. We have also seen men who owed their entire political existence to the newspapers men who, without the same means to hold thern up that raised thern up, would sink entirely out of sight pretend a most sovereign contempt for newspapers generally. We have one in our mind's eye that we helped to manufacture; we found it to be a poor job, and we helped to tear it to pieces. The materials are in the rubbish somewhere, we suppose, though we have heard nothing of them for & long time. But we are a getting off the track. The fact that some editor have been elected to Congress is noticed with great solemnity ns "editors looking up," as though editurs were not fitted for such stations. Now we look L-pon it that, taken as a body, there is more rjeneral intelligence, more true business infor mation, more good sound sense, more education and better morals anu.ngst editors than amongst any other class of men. We aro not boasting; we are only telling plain truths. Editors looking up! What nonsense. Mad. (Jour. A Cheap Substitute for a Vapor Bath. Take a piere of lime about half the size of your closed hand, and wrap around it a wet cloth sufficiently wrung to j prevent wu!er running fiv.rn it. A dry cloth is to be ' several times wrapped around this : place one of these j pickets on each ide, and by blh thighs (a few inches 1 from them) of the patient; an abundant humid heat; is soon developed by the action of the water on the- j lime, which quickly induces copious perspiration, the effect lasting f r two hours at least. When sweating j is fully established, the lime may be withdrawn, which I is n"W reduced to a powder. In this way neither j copious drinks nor leading the bed with covering is required. Gaxtllt Medica't. I

Exhibition or the Hilm!. The pupils of the Indiana Institute for the education of the Blind, held their second annual exhibition, on Friday evening last, in the Hall of the House of Representatives, in the presence of the members of the General Assembly, nnd a large number of visitors and citizens. The exercises were opemd by a few appropriate remarks from the Superintendent, explanatory of the course of instruction pursued in the Institute; from which it appeared that the attention of the pupils was not confined solely to literary attainment?, but that a portion of their time was devoted to manual labor; and many beautiful specimens of their handicraft werd exhibited, consisting of brushes of various kinds; wagon, chairs nnd baskets made of willow; matresses, bead basket, necklaces, purses, watch guards, lamp stands, See. &c. After singing an anthem, in which all the scholars engaged with more than ordinary interest, and especially one little girl whose angelic notes seemed to have been borrowed from the upper world, two small boys were introduced upon the stage, who read alternate verses from the 2(Kli Psalm, with an accuracy and fluency rarely surpassed by those of riper years with the advantages of sight superadded. Though they had not been connected with the institution over a year, yet their tiny fingers had acquired such a wonderful susceptibility as to make amends, in a great degree, for the loss of their sight. For the benefit of those who have never witnessed a similar scene, it may not be amiss to remark, that the entire bible has been printed witli embossed letters, for the use of the blind. The letters are raised, by pressure, above the general surface of the paper, and thus they are enabled by passing their finger along the line, as others pass their eyes over the page printed in the ordinary way, to spell out the words and read whatever is placed before them. With a view of shoeing the perfection to which the senso of feeling may be carried, the came little girl whose vocal powers were the theme of all praise, was called up to read from the bible, on which the teacher spread a silk handkerchief folded doubly, but this seemed to present no obstacle to her progress. The handkerchief w as then doubled again, and now through its four folds her delicate fingers traced the form of the lette's; and to the surprise of all, she continued to read with scarcely any perceptible hesitancy. Specimens of their writing were next exhibited, which satisfied all present that this useful art is not beyond the read of the Blind. The pen or pencil is guided along the line by means of a simple frame work placed upon tee paper. Another mode of writing was shown by means of metallic types furnished with points that penetrate the paper, and raise the forms of the letters on the opposite side. By such means they readily communicate whatever thev desire. But probably the most interesting part of the exhibition was the examination of a class in Arithmetic, and another in Algebra. The Blind have i peculiar aptitude or talent for the exuet sciences. Several problems were propounded, nnd solved with an adroitness indicative of a clear perception of every step in the solution, which satisfied the audience that external vision is not necessary to call the intellectual faculties into the most vigorous exercise. One of the Arithmetical class displayed great tact in extracting the cube root of a number embracing four periods of figures. The well known problem of the cistern and pipe was solved, algebraically, by another, who afforded evidence of an active and well-disciplined mind. A small boy, the representative of a class in Astronomy, was next brought forward on the stage, who p inted out, with an orrery before him, the ditfercnt planets, stated their respective distances from the sun, their sizes, their daily and annual revolutions, their satellites or nuoiH, &c. &c. Another little fellow m united oi a chair, s'ood before an embossed '.nap and groped his way from one locality to another with unerring certainty; nnd when asked by his teacher to point out the country where the yllnic fever rages, his fingers were in an instant upon Calif rnia; and his countenance brightened up ith a smile of joy, as if he felt that he hid found a ghln treasure. A third lad appeared on the stage and recited the "Blind Boy's Solilrquy " with a pathos that moved every heart and started the tear in many an eye. His action, his voice, indeed every thing about him, were calculated to excite a melancholy interest in his behalf. It was hard to realize how the language at the close of each stanza could apply to himself : 11 Though blind, a m? rry-heaited boy." The exhibition closed with a mock representation of a disorderly scene in Congress, and no great slander upon the proceedings of the General Assembly of the State of Indiana. At the request of the teacher, oil the scholars stood up, when one boy cried out, at tl.o top of his voice, in a kind of half-singing and half-speaking tone : Mr. Speaker : though 'tis late, I must 1-e-n-g-t-h-e-n this d-e-b-a-t-c." Then another voice followed, louder than the first, calling rut, question! question ! " and others, order ! order!! h'.ar him! hear iiim ! ! " until the whole became ono scene of uproar and confusion, in which the convulsive laughter of sonic of the "grave and reverend seigniors" present mingled in the wildest harmony. The Institution foi the education of the Blind has deservedly a strong hold on the sympathies of the public; but it is greatly to be regretted that so few of the Blind children of the State have vet been brought to enjoy its advantages. This results, in a great measure, from reluctance, on the part of parents, to commit their unfortunate children into the hands of strangers. Let me say to all such parents, that they stand criminal in the sight of both (jod and man, if they longer persevere to withhold their offspring from an Institution which his been established by the munificence of the Stale, for the express purpose of opening the ey:s of the B ind. J. I. M.

Riot at a Fuxekal. The Honedale, Pa., Democrat gives a long account of a riot at that place about a week ago. A Protestant young man nnrried a wife whose parents were Catholics. The Wife dying, a dispute arose as to whether she should be buried in Protestant or Citholic ground. The husband insisted that she should be buried where he could rest by her Side at his death. The parents expressed their fixed determination to have her interred in Catholic ground. Each party sought legal advice, wtiich resulted in the decision that the husband had the right indirect where his wife should be buried. Matters were then compromised so that the Catholic service was allowed to be performed over the bdy ut the house, and she was to be bur.ed in Protestant ground. But on the day of the funeral, just as the body was placed in tin hearse, the father came forward and loudly claimed that the body should go to Catholic ground. Thereuon a fea rful riot ensued, in which a large number i f people participated, and the coffin was tossed about carelessly. The sheritr finally quelled the outbreak, atid the interment took place in Protestant ground. Sk::ioi s Mortality. The Cincinnati Commercial says that there is a fearful mortality among negroes in that city. It broke out near iho Gan Works on the Whitewater cana! bottom, nnd is a singular disease. It gives out no premonitory warning; of its Approach, hut comes suddenly upon the wings of death. We understand that in one night, four colored persons, who retired to bed in apparent pood health, died before the return of day; and that fourteen in all, have died! The disease seems confined to the colored people, and has created much alarm among them baffling, as it does, the skill of physicians. The board of health should make inquiry forthwith, and, if posiblot prevent its extension.

T?u Days L-ntcr from Europe. nr thi STE.1M SHIP AMERICA. Inauguration of Isntis XapoUnt The Ch'lera in Kngland Italian Affairs unsettled Xeus from j ail parts of Europe The Markets. 4c. Boston, Jan. rJ, r. M. The Royal Mail steamship America arrived at this port to-day, bringing ten days later intelligence from all parts of Europe, than that received by the Washington, having sailed on the oOth ultimo. The news is interesting, but not of unusual importance. The cholera has increased in London nnd Scotland, nnd continued had in both places up to the sailing of the steamer. Louis Napoleon wns inaugurated on the 21st December. Paris continued tranquil and no disturbances seemed to be apprehended. The a flairs of Austria, Italy and Spain remain in statu quo. The demand for money in England had slightly increased, and funds rose considerably. The stock of bullion in the Bank of England amounted to nearly l.r),ClX),0(!0 pounds sterling. The rates of discount on first class paper was Gi per cent. consols 88! a In the cotton and woollen manufacturing districts an increased spring business was looked forward to. Mr. Polk's message was read with grent interest, particularly that portion relating to the gold mines of California. France. Paris was the scene of an interesting ceremony on the 21st one which has been looked forward to by the nations of the old and new world with unusual interest. Louis Napoleon was this day inaugurated the first President of the French Republic, in the National Assembly. M. Marast, in a loud voice, declared Louis Napoleon President of the Republic of France, one and indivisible, from lhat day to the "d Sunday of" May, 1&V and invited the new President to come forv ird nnd take the oaths terpiired by the Constitution. Louis Napoleon advanced owards the Tribune nnd was sworn to remain fdituful to the Republic, and forward its interests in all respef.ts. He then read the inaugural address to the Assembly, at the conclusion of which he shook Itamta with (Jen. Cavaignac. The Assembly were delighted throughout, and the most unequivocal satisfaction manifested on all sides. Birrot was empowered to form a new Ministry. Ledru Rollin and Iiis party have commenced nn attack on the new Government through the Xationale editors. Italy. Birt l'ttle progress has been made towards the peaceful solution of the atfiirs of (ineta. The provisional Government of Rome concluded by a vole of the Upper Chamber to indue Pope Pius to return to the Holy City ; but he refuses, except on certain conditions, viz: Dissolving; of the Chambers, disbanding of t o National Guards and suppressing the Journals, which conditions show that his Holiness has no real intcntion to return at present to Quirenal palace. Exf.cution' y RoiiKur Ui.PM. The New York Commercial Advertiser h is a letter from Leipsic, un der date of November, fiving an interesting nci count of the execution of Robert Blum, the champion ! of German freedom, who was shot by command of jtho Court Martial at Vienna, on the 9th. The notice 1 of the sentence of death was communicated to him bv the chaplain, deputed to visit him, only two hours bei fore it wns carried into eflect. j Blum begged a little longer time to write to his j wife, children and mother, at L'ips:c, which was ; graut d. After some moments of conversitiou with i the chaplain, during which he was perfectly calm, he said, "I am exceedingly happy to have made, the ncquaintunce of so worthy and christian ii man ; I wish : to leave you a remembrance, but have nothing but n . hair brush left, will yu accept that from tne, and ; thereby afford me my last pleasure" He was suui- , moned to the place f execution. An officer approach- ' ed him with hand-cuffs and fetters, but he said, "No, jl will die a free German! Believe me, I will make : no etfort to escape spare me from your chains." I His request was granted and the procession moved on, guarded by two thousand military. On his way he ( became affected to tears, nnd remarked to those around ; him, "Robert Blum has indeed wept, hut not the delegate Blum ; he dies with a free conscience. The . husband, the father weeps. I was thinking of my ; dear wife and children." ! At7j A. M., they arrived at the place of execution. Blum stepped out of the c:irrhge nnd nked who was to shoot him. On being told the "Jager," he said, "I ' am glad of that the Jager aim well; on the oth of October they wounded me." As they proceeded to bind his eyes, lie said, "No let me look death in the face ;" but heilig told that the Jager could take better aim if they did not see his eyes, he answered, "If that is the case I willingly submit. He then repeated his last words the rallying words of Germany's noblest Hons: "I die for German freedom for that I have fought my country, forget tne not." As is the custom, the provost begged three times for mercy a solemn mockery and nine soldiers stepped forward and fired. Two balls struck him, one in the eye, the other on the left side of the breast death was doubtless ! instantaneous1. j On Monday the intelligence reached Lcipsic, and ; produced the greatest excitement. A muss meeting was held in the Odeon and many resolutions passed, among which the following : "That all the friends of Robert Blum wear a badge of mouining on their hats or breasts." Also to "bring the corpse to Leipsic, 1 and annually to celebrate his death." After the meeting the people mircln'd in great numbers to the Austrian consul rei. Ti-p, pulle) down tie; coat of arms4 which they earned to the market place, slnck it upon a lamp p t, that all might see it, und then smashed ( it into atoms. i From the marketplace they went to the Cafo Francaiy, the proprietor of which is a known enemy of i Blum ; here they demolished the windows, and prob1 ably Would have proceeded to greater violence had not the Communal Guard arrived; upon which the mob dispersed. Since then the city has remained ; comparatively quiet. A subscription his been started ! for the benefit of the widow nnd four children. Such has been the end of a man of great talent, ! though of humble birth, and self-education. He com menced, when a boy, as a boot-black and "candlcsnufler" at the theatre of Leipsic. He afterwards became ticket-taker, finally cashier and ono of the most enterprising of the establishment. During the latter i years of hislih lie was a book merchant. He was a i man of very singular appearance?, as his likenesses, ! winch you will undoubtedly have in abundance, will j show. If thern is time I will send you ono of the tst. Infus death ho will perhaps serve the cattle of German freedom better than in his life. The following is a copy of the letter written by ttie unfortunate Rob .rt Blum to his wife, an hour betöre his murder : ".My dear good Wife : Farewell, Farewell for the time men call eternity, but which will not hi? so. Bring up our now only your children to be honest men; so they will never disgrace their father's name. Sell our little property with the aid of our friends. (Jod and II good men will help you also. All that I feel and would say at this moment escapes me in tears; only once more, then, farewell my dearest. Consider our children a treasure of which you must make tho beta use, and honor thus the memory of your faithful husband. Farewell, farewell; receive the last kisscss of Robert. Victim Nov., 19 five o'clock in the morning; at six all will be over. P. S. 1 had forgotten the rings; on that of our betrothal I press for you a last kis; my eal ring is f r Ham, the watch for Richard, the diamond stud for Ida, the chain for Alfred, as memorials. All the rest divide as you please. They are coming; farewell." The Alleged "Mutilated Letter." The following is an extract of a letter, published by the Washington Union, as having been received by a person in the North, from Gen. Taylor, in reply to one sent to him propounding certain interrogatories: 4I beg to assure you that I have uniformly declined yielding to similar requests, in the belief that my opinions, even if I were the President of the United States, w uld be neither important nor necessary, and I regret to ndd, that I see no reason for departing, in ihe present instance from that course." It will be remembered that this extract was said to have appeared in tho Union in a mutilated form, that the words "to you" were contained in the original after the words "necessary,' but were designedly omitted in the publication. The editor of the Union sent the original to the editor of the New Orleans Ilu'letin, with a request to inquire into its authenticity, and the latter testifies to its genuineness, and withdraws the charge of mutilation. Vtmisyhanian.

Properly In Lanl. One of the partizati journals, alluding to a clergyman in Michigan, who belongs to another party, speaks of a clergyman turned " politician," as if such a combination were a wonder. It should also remember the political clergymen on its own side in Tennessee.

It should also remember how legions of clergymen denounced their own government uml praised that of the enemy, in the war of 181'!, and in the late war with Mexico; it should also remember the many partizan sermons preached by the clergy, on the death of General Harrison. We commend the clergy for preaching about the philosophy of politics, the moral obligations of the citizen, the necessity of civil gov ernment for the protection of human rights, and the! modes of government best fitted to develope the higher i elements of character. And in revolutions, when na-j tions are struggling for their rights, the clergy are ; bound to maintain the popular s-de, and stimulate the j people to contend for liberty by every proper appeal. But under a settled popular government, in times of peace, the clergy greatly mistake and misuse their; functions, in participating in partiznn contests, nnd I fomenting rancours about details and persons. But dismissing this, wc proceed to the doctrine of the clergyman alluded to by the journal in question, and which doctrine it stigmatizes ns fanaticism," fit only for the " indolent" and " visionary." This clergyman tays that "man cannot hold property in soil, because it has no value in its primitive state, and because it belongs to the Creator ;" that "human government being the agency of Divine, human necessity requires that soil must be held for the landless, bom and unborn ;" that " every man has a natural and moral right to a portion of the earth's surface, sufficient for his comfortable subsistence;" nnd that, as consequences of these three propositions, " government should guarantee a farm to every one desiring it, nnd render this farm inalienable for debt, and transcends ils right and becomes a usurper, in selling unoccupied lands to non-residents and speculators." Hre is a singular mixture of truth and error; and partizan journals, by analyzing it, and enlightening their readers upon the right and the wrong involved, would exhibit good sense, patriotism and philanthropy. By denouncing the wholo as " fanaticism," they merely exhibit ignorance or venality. " Land cannot be held ns property, because it has no value in its primitive stote." This is a fundamental error. If the reason be sound, property can be held in nothing ; for nothing l as value in its primitive state. If a tnun shall not hold land while raising t n crop, because it was worthless before the crop was rendy for harvest, neither shall he have property in hU dinner, because the deer which supplies it had no value before it was caught nnd roasted. His fish or his fishing lino are not his own, because the line was worthless if the fish would not bite, or tho hemp which furnished tin line had no value while growing. Of whit value is tho wool, till mnd ; into a garment, or of the lamb, till its fleece he grown or shorn ? All value in things susceptible of occupation, depends on human labor ; and occupation, or property, nr rj-chi-.si'ir pn.s ssioti, is necessary for the application of labor und the development of value. Nor is tint other reason, that " land is the property of the Creator," better than the first ; for uil things belong to the Creator, and im human use or occupation can defeat the Creator's title. According to this, a man shall not eat the bread which he has raised, or the venison which he bus caught, because they belon" to fheCreator ? Of course the Creator has allodial or absolute properly in uli things. Yet as all things earthly are designed lor human use, man. in those very things, is the Creator's tenant inV? or in has.. Property in laud is founded upon the very reason which this clergyman oilers against such property, its want of value in a primitive tate. All its value depends upon its use, and this use depends upon the exclusive possession of the occupant. He must hold it exclusively for raising a crop, or pasturing uu ani mal, rs.jull tins occupation cease when the crop is gathered, or the pasture ceases! Where shall this Top be stored .' ll under ground, the owner must possess land enough for a trap-door, nnd a path for reaching it ; if above ground, enough for a barn. And if his pasture be in a warm climate, he needs it perpetually ; if in a cold climate, where grass grows not in winter, he must occupy other land for cutting hay, ami for a barn to holJ it. And where shall he build his houe It will not stand on air or the ocean. Shall exclusive property in h nd cense with harvest ! Shelter being a human necessity, as well as food, men must hold land exclusively for houses. If their dwelling be permanent, so must he their occupation of land for building. If their dwelling like their cultivation, be transitory, when shall it cea-e ? How often -hall it change ! When shall John enter the house built by James? The sole foundation of permanent society is exclusive possession in land ; and whoever uttcmpts to construct society upon any other foundation, will encounter a formidable train tf absurdities, und go hack to tho hunter state of our Indians or the New Hollanders, a condition of mere animalism. The clergyman's next proposition is that, human government being the agent of divine government, land must be held for the landless, born and unborn. He means that mankind, being rational and accountable, are subjects of moral government ; and consequently having natural rights towards each other, must be subjects of civil government ; and that, this civil government must servo the ends of this moral government, human happiness and progress, here and hereafter. All this is true. But because it is true, must laud be held for the landless only, and not also for tl.e iinded ! Held by whom! The very terms of ihe proposition imply property in land. I IV say that laud t-hould be held r all, and not merely for the lawlltss ; and by ad, so far as tenure by all is practicable. Hence whilo we contend for exclusive, per-nriu'-nt property inland, we contend for tho utmost subdivision of land consistent with the greatest good for all. His third proposition i, that every man has a natural and moral right to a portion of the earth's surface necessary to" his comfortable subsistence. Yes, if his comfortable subsistence depends on agriculture ahme. But us the merchant, the mechanic, the mariner nnd others necessary to civilized society, do not live by ugnculturc, but by things for which cultivators depends on thern, we see no necessity for their exclusive occupation of land, unless for shelter, storage, or their peculiar labor. The merchant needs a store, tlie mechanic a shop, th mariner a wharf, and each of them a house; but neither of them needs a field. Tne whohl difficulty proceeds from 7ionoptlyt and not mrwrs'i) of land; fr"in accumulation by a few, and not exclusive possession by any. Hence we conclude that land should not fie engrossed for the pleasures of some, at the price of starvation or sullering in others. Therefore we admit the clergyman's throe conclusions, and sriy thit government should guarantee farms to II who desire them, make these farms I inalienable for debt, nnd forbid speculation in land. , 7'i. Ledger. j Tun Washington National Monument. Since j the closing of 'ho masonry work of the foundations of I this great structure, and securing the work from injury during the winter months, the marble blocks : have been put upon the bankers to be cut preparatory ! to being set in the spring, in rearing the obelisk which : is to surmount these foundations. Some of these ! marble blocks measure thirty cubic feet, and are pure white without a discoloring vein. Its effect in mass will be splendid, and, when meeting the sun's rays, brilliant to the eye. The foundations lor this mnrlile : p.llnr arc of solid masonry, eighty-one feet square at j the base, and twenty-four feet high seventeen feet of which show above tho ground. The position of the Monument commands one of the most picturesque nnd interesting views thut can be imagined. To the North and Hast the eye takes in the bublic buildings; to the South it looks down on a h'iig reach of water, th" noble Ptomac, terminated by Alexandria and Fort Washington: and to the west rise the picturesque highlands of the Potomac. Xat. Intelligencer. I Re.makkaule Case of Duorsv. We aro informed ! by a resident of Coxsackie, Greene County, that there is at that place the most remarkable case of this disease on record. Tlie patient is a man of about 40 years of age, and has for the last two years been under the remedial care of Dr. B. Henshaw; but in his absence, has been of late, nnd is at present, under the treatment of Dr. G. K. Budington. The patient has undergone the operation of tapping 185 times, and the amount of water taken exceeds GOO gallons, or 4,810 pounds. Notwithstanding this, the patient is in a tolerable state of general health. 0:ir informant states tint the above named physicians have expressed a probability that, by a strict adherence to the present course of treatment, ho may yet entirely recover. Albany Argus..

Chronology of 1848. A few of the Prominent Events of 143, follow 1mlow. We pet the facts from uu extended list in the N. Y. Exp res: Jan. 20. Mr. Clay's speech before the Colonization Society, at the city of Washington. February 1. Mr. Webster's argument in the Supreme Court of the United States, ngainst the validity of tho people's Constitution in Rhode Islond, published. 2. The steamer Acadia arrives at Boston, bring-

ing disastrous intelligence of the failures oi lercnanis ... . i

and Bankers in Europe and India. ' kefP a,,ve a mamal tj.hit o dmctiy op pi ft to the ijiiit of 4. A Cjuit of Inquiry on charges preferred . I,im wh" taumln his fo lower U love itieir n cu.iet, lhat I againt Major General Scot,,' is ordered by Win. L. cai'""t consent to let the iibiica'iwn r,fe,.f 3 to. ,,-,, with7 c. J . r ... ' ' , , 3 i out rctiuestm ihe i-Mblicatioii of Uns note. Our cotioirr h IMarcy, ,ecretary of War; General But'er assumes t)oite tlil ,niich) ly fjr tu CXilt mi!ihl. fame, in the election the command of the army in Mexico. 'of General Taylor ti the Presidency, aoj I hjM be very 22. Arrival (at Washington) of the Treaty of, scrry indeed, to he fouml in the Höhnst tiefet-a Mini theiePeace with Mexico; John Quinry Adams was seized to. but the c .ntraiy, h je on all .litaM oecjMom to Le ..ill. . fi ..f ...n,.l.v tw ir.ll r tU n,.Q f ; fund humhly -dvoraiuv' 'he rame - t pe-te, and the eMat-

Representatives. " r 1 J 23. Result and sentence of the Fremont Court Martial. 23. The funeral of John Quincy Adams at Washington. March 11. The treaty with Mexico ratified by the U. S. Senate. 20. The steamer Cambria arrived at New York, with intelligence of a Revolution in France, and a Republic proclaimed. 110. Death of John Jacob Autor, in the Ööthyear of his age, he was the most opulent citizen in the United States. April 8. The Steamship Washington arrived at New York from Southampton revolution in the Italian States; disorderly demonstrations in Scotland and Ireland; Flight of Brincc Metternich of Austria, &c, &c. 1th Arrival of the Steamer Ilibcrnia from Liverpool with important intelligence. Abdications and Flight of Kings, &.C.. il'c 21. The packet chip PuchcFf D'Orlcans arrived from Havre, with important political intelligence, revolutions and conflicts in nil parts of Furope : Outrage by the unti-renters in Columbia County; Governor Young's proclamation. 21. Fx-president Van Bnrcn'ß letter on presenting a liberty Cap to the French people. May 2. Steam communication established between New York and the Wet Indies. 1H. The President, with advice and consent of the Senate, rnnkes Brevet promotions in the army for gallant conduct. 22. Major General Scott arrives from Vera Cruz. 2l. Democratic National Convention met at Baltimore. 'J(5. Gen Lewis Caps nominated for President, and General William O. Butler for vice President of the United S'ates. 2l.K The Steamer Hibernia arrived from Liverpool with intelligence of a new government in France and other important news from Europe. June Jt. U0,(K)U Whigs assembled at n maps meet ing in Niblo's Garden. N. Y. in favor of Henry Clav for Preside tit : Tho Treaty of Peace with Mexico ratified by the Mexican Government. 8. The Whigs met in a National Convention at Philadelphia ami nominated Grneral Zachary Taylor, of Louisiana, for President, nnd Millard Fillmore, of New York, for Vice President of the United States. July !i. Arrival of the steamer Cambria, with intelligence of ihe great reaction in Paris, in favor of Luia Bonaparte, und other important political ami commercial intelligence. Mr. Cuiv declines the appointment of Senator to the U. S. Senate. 4. 72i anniversary of American Independence. 8. The President of the United States communicated the ponce message to Congress. July 2. Governor Shunk, of Pennsylvania, resigned in consequence of ill health, his office. Important news received of a revolution in Mexico. An important vote in Congress?, on the power to improve Rivers and Harbors. 13. The eteamer Niagara arrived from Liverpool, with terrible news from France; the Arch Bifhop of Pari, murdered, with 11 General ollicers, and 15,000 men. with other important intelligence. 17. The charges against General Scott are withdrawn from the Court of Inquiry; General Scott is presented with a beautiful sword, the gift of the State of Louisiana. 20. A bill is introduced into Congress for a Territorial Government in Oregon with a prohibition of Slavery, by Mr. Clayton, of Delaware. 23. The steamer Europa arrives at Boston from i Liverpool with important European intelligence; nrrest of Meagher and other Irish rebels; exciting debate in the Senate on the territorial bill. Aug. d. President Polk refuses to furnish Congross with the Mexican Correspondence. The yeas nnd nays in the House of Representatives on the Wilmot Proviso which wns nflirmed. 11. A convention of the friends of Free Soil, tukes place at Buffalo, Martin Van Buren is nominated for President and Charles F. Adams fir Vice President. 10. Congress udjoumed, after a session of eight months. Sept. 4. Mr. Webster's speech, at a meeting of an immense concourse of Whig, at Marshfield, Mass. nt which he proclaimed that tho nomination of Gen. Taylor was one not fit to be made. 8. The friends of Mr. Clay had an immense meeting at Vauxhall Garden N. Y. in opposition to Gen. Taylor as President of the U. S. 1. Loss by fire of the Ship Ocean Monarch, in which l."0 persons, passengers and other-, erishcd. 15. Death of Com. Alex Slidell McKenzie. Oct. III. Valuation of real and personal property in New York city: real estate 193.027,570, personal do $01, 10 1.150; total $'J5Ui-J.027. J0. Smith O'Brien sentenced to be executed. Death of Hon. Dixon IL Lewis, U. S. Senator from the State .f Alabama, dieil ut hid lodgings at the National Hotel in New York. o(. Death of Hon. Harrison Gray Otis, of Boston. Nov. 7. Election of President and Vice President of the United States took place this day, throughout the. Union. Dec. 1. Important intelligence received from California the discovery of gold, &c, in that region; there were built in the United States, f.r the year ending June :50th, 18JS, 250 ships, 171 brigs,'701 schooners, 517 sloops, and 175 steamboats. 0. The Csolera appears nt Quarantine, Statcn Island, N. Y. among the steerage passengers of the packet ship New York, from Havre. 10. Frille Louis Napoleon Bonnparto elected I n. -.i . . i' i i i- . i i.u ,. i ... r.u.., uyuu owrwueimins mnjoruy over all opt jvii an -II--IH ii-.-. ,j rp, i , c ' xt tr I 1". Ihe California gold fever rages in New ork . . , , , . r, , . ,.r j .. uuu kin ijuiimii im: u. " . vsuuuiia, vviiua,, . mum Islands, Sandwich Islands,-&c.; a great number of vessels advertised for that region, numerous applications for vessels. 2 l he Asiatic Cholera appeared in the city of, New Orleans, bruught bv a vessel from Havre. Frkf.dom a Estate. A curious question under the laws of slavery has been decided in the Maryland Court of Appeals. Some time ao, a wealthy gentleman died, having by will given their freedom to certain of his slaves. There is a legacy duty payable in Murylond, on all estates bequeathed by will, and the register of the district in which the gentleman resided, claimed from the executors the amount of this duty on the appraised value of the manumitted slaves. The claim was resisted on the ground that freedom to a slave is not such a legacy of estate as is contemplated by the law; but the Court of Anneals has decided otherwise, bedding that tho bequest ofi freedom to a slave, that is, of a man to himself is precisely similar, in legal intent and elf -ct to the bequest of a slave to any other person. The executors, therefore, have been required to pay the duty. Professor Morse is out in a pamphlet against what he deems attacks and mis-statements touching his invention and labors, and in defence of hi former statement that he had been denied an English patent by an "arbitrary act of gross injustice." Professor M. thinks that the sympathy of the press for Mr. Bain, an Englishman, on the refusal of nur Patent oflicc to grant him a patent, is uncalled f r, when his treatment by the English Patent office is taken into account. Lord Campbell, it would seem, decided upjn the evidence adduced that Professor Morso had invented nothing j new, for which decision, Mr. F. O. J. Smith, Morse I partner, had to pay -1.1 Is. Fy this time, possibly. horu Lumpueii has revised and corrected his decision. The pamphlet embraces a history of the Professor's efforts to secure a patent in England, and is an ear- , nest and candid vindication cf his invention and gcl nius.

(JOJtl.lllLMC ATI ü X S. Fur the Indhna State Sentinel. Meri. Editor: Seeing my rame p'ih!iht J in connection uiih th n.eei!iiisn or the late lJeuiciatic state Convention, I out! you i ill tc kind en .ugh to allow me lo enter my potest against the ittolutiou of lhai k, L.r.. tit ihe of5ie! and soldicis of the late war. However tneri'oriout their deed of gallantly and demotion may appear in the eea of those who believe in ihit tni-de of aneilintf t I atinit't light, and vindicating her hoinir, t t roe it is totally irreconcilable with the ri duces of ibe Chii.tiao i elision, and opp:pC(? to the lest in t-1 csts of our countiy.

Kveiy act of a nati m tendm? lo x ilt itulitat v lame or 'glory , (m my iini.Mi f:leiy so called. U.ai rudency - - y lihment amunt all Chntun riofe u of ihe knd m of Him ht is st emphatically styled the Piince vi Peace " j I have my civil political opinion, which have teen formed ! without the slitite! deMte ioi plitical fivoif. and wliiili I hope, for the g .od of our beloved country, will be csUbluht d 11 maintained, so that oppoM'i n thcieio will enthely cease ihioujrli our Kepublic. Hepectfully, GKO. KVANS. Tlie Wrongs ut In land. A Methodist clergyman, writing in the Christian Advocate and Journal, thus sums up the nature of the wrongs for which Ireland is contending: 1. The British government has confiscated nearly every acre rf land on that beautiful island, from tl.o original nativo owners, and has bestowed them on favorites, generally non-resident foreigners. At one time, out of the 20,000,000 i.ere of which the inland is composed, there was a confiscation of 12,G.M,7!1. At another time, 1,718,20. In this way the 1-nd has been wrested from those whose ancestors had held and rultivatt-d it btfore the period of authenticated history, and has been given in large districts from 113,000, 1)2,0(10 acres, down to smaller portions, gj Unit, according to the London Times of last month. there an. in all Irela:d only about 6,000 proptietorg of the miiI in fee simple. 2. These proprietors, from caprice, taste, or mis conceived ideas of interest, do nt cultivate more than two-thirds of their vast d unaiiii-, for the cultivation of a small portion of them, in most instances, will bring them a princely revenue. The remainder tnut-t theti be preserved for pleasure grounds, hunting, or pasturage, so that, according to recent survey, there is at lliis time -1 .000,1 -00 acres of good land that is unimproved. Thus the earth, or Ihe land which the Lord liath given to tl.e children of men for their use, and on which they were lo subsist, by the present order of Illings' is actually wrested from them at the jtoint of the bayonet, w hile they to whom it was originally given are left to starve and die for the ue ot it. !lc takes my life, who takes the meant t-y which I live." Sliakspeare never put forth a more truthful saying. Who then ore the dtstroyers of the hundreds of thousands in that fairest, richc-t isle of the ccran, ifit b; not those who have oriuinatod, and who Mill contitn.o the ' tnesent order of things !" None dare sav that there is nn unwillingness on the part of the IrMi laborer to work. The same London Times, ns all know a violent anti-Irish paper, says that laborers from Irelaud have inundated Kncland ; that there is at this time in Lancashite, 100,000 of them; and that in Scotland and Kngland, then- nt least l,00O,(M?U Irish laborers, including their children. Would not these have worked in their own country, could Ihey have found employment! i3. As the system of tenantry can never develope the resourc h of any country, so, of course, it has not d ne it in Ireland. The cultivator will not mako permanent improvements, when he knows that his rent will be raised on him the next year, on that very account. For this reason, even ti.e laud which is cultivated, yields far less than it would uud.r another system. 1. Again, the rent which goes to the proprietors, their agents, and the middle men, as they are technically called, am unts t a N nit $05,000 ,(KK) per annum, $10,000,000 of which, are sent off annually to absentee laudlords, never to return to Leu fit the country in any firm. This immense sum is an ontire draught from the labor of the country, nnd must inevitibly deplete any country almost to fainting. 5. Once more; the Church, as established by the present order of thing.' Out of a population of .000.000, perhnps there are not over 000,000 who feel any interest in it, and senrccly any of this small portion belong to the producing class. Yet the labor of the country is obliged to support this Church in the enormous sum f about :5,OO0,O00 per annum. And according to an uncontradicted sprch in Put Lament, the present order of things" f irecs, at the point of tlie bayonet, a nominal but legnl parish to nay the legal but nominal rector from .CVOOU to 20,000 for religious services, when in fact, there has not been a sermon or a rcc'.or in some such parishes for twentyfive years. Here, then, is about $100,000,000 to be raise by the labor of Ireland ; for all property, in every country, is the fruit of labor. And the more that is taken from the laborer, the less he must have on which to live. And the present order i f things takes to the starving point. It is impious, and insulting to Heaven, to say that there hs be o a famine in Ireland; for in the very voir in which wc were hurrying vessels with provisions to her, she sent ofi to England the produce of her own soil, nnd the libor, in many instances, of tho very hands lint nfterwurds died of .starvation, more than s25,l .011,000 worih of good and wholesome provisions. Ten bushels she t-ent to others, for the one winch she received. If a farm raise fifteen tons of buy. and some one carry o' twelve ton of it, i.nd the cattle starve and die, did they come to their death by famine indicted by the providence of God, or by the tovetousness of the present order ofthings V In conclusion, let the above state of things be fastened by the sword nnd bayonet on the fairest part of New Fugland, and in three or four generations ihero would be about as much squalor, beggary and wretchedness among the descendants of the present Fober, virtuous and industrious inhabitants of Connecticut, as there has been in Ireland. The like cause would produce the same effect in every country. Narrow Esc re ok Mr.. John B. Dillon, one of tiik Inisu Confkdkmatks. Mf Dillon, upon whose head a reward of 'JlH) wa sent by the Dritiih Government, and whose arrival in safety nt New York we noticed soma time ago, it appears had a very narrow I escape. Ihe Liverpool Journal says: , 1r,.vi(MlS lo ,lis night to America, ho upent eeveral . , i..u:,...i t 1 uavs 11 lilt: anvil in oninny, iau u- icrgvinail ; r. , , ,, ",,., ,ert .k.,,, .,..? . c of the Churcli of home, aw siting the departure ot a vessel bound to New York. One day, however, while quietly perambulating tin. streets, he perceived, by an j earnest stare from a passer-by, that he was recognized I -A . I ... I i l - , , 3 UnfTor, .hlrt ftt W1 ical a period. Inking the alarm, ho took a boat on the instant, and set sail for the adjacent island of Arrun, where he met shelter and protection at tho house of an old friend. He wns not many minutes located here, when a war steamer was descried bearing down with all speed towards the island. All now seemed lost, but the ingenuity of his host interposed, and bv rv clever ruse he succeeded in ballling his pursuers. Two boat wero got ready, manned by crews of the hardy fishermen who dwell in those parts (me liyht rowing boat, the other a swift lugger. Intot the former Dillon jumped, and was rowed with all speed towards the steamer; while, according to directions, the lugser, with all her sails set, and with a highly favorable gale, put out t ) sea, as if flying before tho steamer, which immediately gave chase, never for once heeding the boat, with its pasietigerf, which passed clost to her bows, and which gained the port of (Jalway without causing any observation. In two days afterwards he wus on the Atlantic. Medical Difficulties i the New Hampshire Legislature. O i Wednsdav, the 20th inst., a bill was introduced in the New Hampshire Legislature, to incorporate the New Hampshire Hotanic Medical Society. This bill produced a 1 nig discussion, and the -team doctors and the regular M. D.'s had it ' tooth and nail." The House was deluged with speeches iijton the merits ond demerits of every species of quackery that destroys life. After which tho House adjourned. Fut, the matter did n it rest here, tho next day the case of Ipecac vs. ljitelia, was again brought up, and was discussed n both sides with renewed vigor. The steam doctors at last conquered, and the bill was ordered l a third reading. On which, the M. D.'s still pugnaciously resolved not to surrender, demanded the yeas and nays. But the new practice was to strong f r them, and the bill passed by a vote o: 12" lo 1(17. X. Y. Express.