Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 5 July 1952 — Page 8

A SCRIPPS-HOWARD N EWSPAPER

HENRY _ MANZ Business Manager

Saturday, July 5, 1952

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ROY W. HOWARD, WALTER LECKRONE Wes President: . Editor

PAGE 8

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The Kremlin's Purgings

THE Kremlin's hatchet men have been busy lately in Romania and several other satellite countries.” Like death in other forms, the Kremlin's goon squads love shining marks. They have demoted or liquidated numerous old-line Reds who had stood near the top for many years. - The precise reasons for an individual purging are impossible to find, of course, but two basic causes can be ascribed with a good deal of confidence. It may be noted that things of one sort or another had gone gravely wrong in each country shortly before scapegoats were chosen. The Communist dialetic, or scheme of things, is alleged to be perfect. When failures crop up, therefore, the fault must be assessed against an individual and one who has had considerable power. In general, too, the Reds who have been purged recently were of long standing as agitators and revolutionaries. They had fought through the tough days when communism was getting in position to take over their countries. As a rule, they are not the type to enjoy administration routine and often have small talent for it. In any case, people of that type are a threat to Stalin and the Red hierarchy as a whole. Stalin disposed of such types by wholesale in Russia itself after the revolution was accomplished. Since Tito, to be sure, the Kremlin has been nervous about any vestige of so-called nationalism, any suggestion that the interests and desires of the people of a given country were being put ahead of the purposes and plans of the boss of the Soviet Union. Tito’s thus far successful defiance of Moscow has, at the least, offered a plausible excuse for eliminating any local Red who became in any way troublesome or objectionable to the Kremlin. Fully documented charges can be had speedily on order. The wave of purges is a sign that the Soviet Union has its own troubles and its own weaknesses at home and behind the Iron Curtain.

Starting Place Is Home

LD-FASHIONED good manners being something, this country can do with a great deal of, we are glad to see ; a campaign—if it should be called that—developing 6a be- - half of a comeback for courtesy. It is being projected by : : an-eastern group which calls itself Courtesy Unlimited.

The sponsors hold doggedly to a theory that chivalry isn’t dead, but merely dormant, and that, given the right sort of prod, it will come alive. Maybe so—we’re willing to go along with that idea, reserving the right, of course, to say that it's going e a deal of prodding. Courtesy Unlimited intends to work through educators and in the fields of sport and entertainment. We suggest that they add the Parent-Teacher groups and the churchés that “the starting point for courtesy—the home—can be reached. It is in the home that good manners should be nurtured—Dbetween husband and wife—between children and parents. .

Perhaps if common courtesy can be re-established in the home it will have a chance in business and industry, where, indeed, there's fertile ground. The prospects are limitless. It is not too much to imagine good manners being adopted by public servants who are notorious for serving so impolitely the taxpayers for whom they work. The place to begin, though, is the home, and if the start there is good there need be no fear that good manners will end there, for they are one of the most contagious things we know about.

Buy American

T USED TO BE that American swindlers every year sold thousands of machines to print “money” when a piece of plain paper was fed into them. Gold bricks went fast at bargain prices, and, according to legend, some rural innocents have bought the Brooklyn bridge. Today it's different. We have just as many suckers as ever, but they donate their money across our borders. Sharpers in Canada have made millions of dollars, author ities estimate, peddling pasture land to gullible Yankees at high prices, after persuading them that it covered vast riches in gold, oil and even uranium. i The racket finally got so bad that this week the Canadian parliament - approved an extradition agreement whereby the United States can nab these operators for mail fraud.

This agreement is a good thing. American sucker money ought to be kept at home. Just the other day a man who had invented a perpetual motion machine was complaining he couldn't find anybody to finance it.

Obscured License Plates

ERTAIN trucks and cars around these parts are operating with their license plates obscured. In some in8 the plates have been bent. In other cases the plates are smeared with dirt, grease, or something. In another * category are vehicles with plates so attached as to be partly hidden by bumpers or the like. Some of the plastic cases: used for plates cut off vision of part of the numbers. = The over-all result is illegal operation of a number of vehicles. If. you were hit or run down by any one of a lot of our cars and trucks, neither you nor any witness could possibly identify the offender.

THE federal government ended its fiscal year 5 Jlnday, it had spent $4,016,640,378 more than it ) <r officials seemed pleased by this—the deficit than half the $84 billion President Truman preJanuary. 1962 deft is about as much as the total inie federal government in 1936—only 18 years ago. * x - : -

A mt 0 RO II a SS Bg i i Ng tit

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More Brine ‘Criticism Due

WASHINGTON, July 5—There will be more and worse British challenges of American policy in Korea, despite the critics’ defeat in the first parliamentary test, a A majority of the House of Commons now opposes Washington's firm military strategy, though it refused by a 30-vote margin to overthrow the Churchill government. « While the critics are strongest in the Labor Party, they also are influential in Mr. Churchill's Conservative Party. Their objective is as follows: Prevent further Ameriéfn bombing raids in North Korea near the Yalu River frontier. Veto any “hot pursuit” of attacking Red planes escaping across the border, and any bombing of their Manchurian bases. Make the U, 8. drop the plan for counterattack on China by sea and air in case the su-

perfor Red forces in Korea start a knock-out offensive.

Insist on further American compromise to get a truce at almost any price.

U.S. Minority

AND, IN THE peace negotiations following

an armistice, put the Americans in a minority.

Then the United Nations negotiators can accept. .

Soviet demands for favorable terms in Korea— plus return of Formosa to Red China, and a seat on the United Nations security council for Stalin’s Chinese stooge. Prime Minister Churchill will go as far as politically expedient to support American policy. He agrees with most of that policy and is unwilling to split with the U. 8. on the points of disagreement. But many of his own followers are wavering, and public opinion is against him, Likewise, the nominal Labor Party leader, ex-Prime Minister Clement Attlee, while not as pro-American as Mr. Churchill, is nevertheless closer to the Americans on Korea than to the labor appeasers, led by his rival, 'Nye Bevan. But Mr. Attlee has less control over the Labor Party than Mr. Churchill has over the Conservatives. There are several reasons why the appeasement majority was unable to win in Commons this week, but remains a growing threat. It picked the wrong issue and the wrong time, and it was outmaneuvered by Churchill strategy.

Weak Argument

OF ALL THE appeasement arguments, the weakest is that against bombing military targets In North Korea. The Yalu power plant is In North Korea. It supplies 40 per cent of enemy current in North Korea and is the key to his radar system there, besides producing for

his Manchurian munitions industries. Moreover, the British defense minister, Marshal Earl Alexander, has just returned from Korea and testified this was a clear military target. Technically and morally the critics had a poor case. So they had to stress a new issue—that we had hot consulted Gen. Alexander or Mr. Churchill. Secretary. of : State Acheson's expression of regret for this snafu discourtesy—. while denying Britain's right to veto—gave Mr, Churchill his chance. ~ After first deflecting the attack from himself to the U. 8., he was then able to defend our superior effort, sacrifice and patience in Korea, and to close with a clincher warning against jeopardizing American friendship by unjust

. eriticism.

But Mr. Churchill can lose future showdowns unless he is at greater. pains to enlighten the uninformed and misinforneg British public in

advance,

3

What Others Say— SWEAT never killed anybody—but a shell fragment can.—Lt.-Col. Andrew Aimes promoting the new nylon vest which Stops shell fragments. ® ¢ o WE ARE right on the verge of Italian Fascism under the guise of free enterprise.—Woodruff Randolph, president of the International Typographical Union. > 2 I AM proud that I have under my command 80 many fighting men of the United Nations— 0 many nationalities fighting together to stop aggressive communism.—Gen. Mark Clark. > IT SEEMS like the world has had more than its share of wars as long as I can remember.— 106-year-old Confederate Army veteran William

_D. Townsend.

> Bo

- KOREA was a post-war Pearl Harbor that aroused and awakened the free world to the true nature of Communist imperialism—U. 8. Ambassador to Korea John J. Muccio. e*

I STAND at the (race track) paddock and as the horses come out I speak French I bet on the horse that looks up.—Movie Actress Corinne Calvet. * 2 ¢ . THE WEST has had the initiative in Europe since 1947.—Mutual Security Administrator W. Averell Harriman. ¢ 9° ¢

I PUT up with the off-the-shoulder gowns until they finally began.looking like they were off-the-hip.—Night club owner Everett Warren. $f ¢

De POLITICIANS ar are Just glorified actors.—

Movie actor Gary Cooper.

PSYCHOLOGY ... By Mrs. Walter Ferguson ‘Parents Want Genius In Average Child’

The Indianapolis Times ’ The Thinker ~~

KOREAN BACKGROUND .

By Peter Edson

UN Armistice Offer to Reds

Has Unusual, Stormy History

WASHINGTON, July 5—A heap ’ contro- | versy is piled up in two basic policy decisions that have been made by the United Nations on conduct of the Korean truce negotiations.

.The first is that United Nations forces in

Korea will continué to abide by the Geneva

convention of 1929 on the treatment of North Korean and Chinese Communist prisoners of war,

The second is the offer to permit Communist

~ forces to build airfields in North Korea during

a truce, in exchange for agreement that the United Nations will return to the Communists only sthose prisoners of war who wish to go back. This is the background: " In the early days of the Korean War, the guarding of captured North Koreans was largely entrusted to South Koreans, There were two main reasons. The first was the South Koreans spoke the language of their captives and presumably knew how to handle them, The second was the necessity of releasing all possible U.S. and United Nations troops for combat duty.

Republic of Korea forces had never heard of

+ any Geneva convention on the humane treat-

ment of prisoners of war. When a Communist prisoner called some insult through’ the barbed wire to a South Korean guard, the South Korean simply turned around and ghot him,

Violations Common

IN THIS period there was little trouble from prisoners. But violations of the Geneva convention with regard to humane treatment of prisoners were so numerous that Gen. Matthew B. Ridgway, then commanding the field forces, had to make a change. The ROK’s were withdrawn from guard duty and United Nations troops took over. There is no evidence that any orders were given to “coddle” the Communist prisoners. But it was under this more humane treatment that first trouble arose in the prison camps, about a year ago. Humane treatment was not, however, the only factor. Concentration and overcrowding of prisoners in compounds on Koje Island was a primary cause. An apparent decision on the part of the ‘Communists to make propaganda for the return of all prisoners and to make thig a condition of the cease-fire agreement is what really stirred up the riots and led to the capture of Brig.-Gen. Colson. Just before Gen. Ridgway turned over his Far East command, he recommended to his successor, Gen. Mark Clark, that this policy on humane treatment of Communist prisoners be reviewed. ' The little-known but all-important point to observe here is that the IInited States itself has not ratified the 1949 Geneva convention on the humane treatment of prisoners of war. The treaty was sent to the U. 8S. Senate for ratification on Apr. 26, 1951. But there has been no pressure on the part of the White House or the U. 8. State Depart-

“ment to—have-the Senate Foreign Relations

Committee hold ‘hearings and bring to a vote

SIDE GLANCES

spect for those i:

on the Senate floor the question of v. S. ratification of the Geneva convention. So legally, the U. 8. is free to treat its captives in Korea as roughly as it pleases. This is doubly so because Soviet Russia, Red China and North Korea have not Yatifleq the convention, either.

Prevents Retaliation " BUT FOR HUMANE reasons and common

: decency, the decision has been made for the U. 8. and the United Nations to observe the

Geneva convention terms, This is said to set a good example to the rest of the world. It makes

the surrender and capture of more prisoners

easier. It prevents retaliation against Americans and other United Nations oops held captive by the Communists.

“When the whole purpose of the Geneva

convention ' is humanitarian,” says the U. 8. State Department, “it ig unthinkable that governments . ... will seek to use it as a means or justification for inflicting physical coercion or death upon prisoners who violently oppose repa~ triation.

“There is no doubt the United Nations command is within its legal and moral right in maintaining that the armistice agreement should make appropriate provisions to assure that the United Nations will not be required to repatriate prisoners against their will.” The high moral ground of this decision has been generally supported by U, 8S. public opinion. It is, nevertheless, considered a high price to pay for allowing the Communists to rebuild airfields in North Korea during an armistice—if the Communists accept this deal.

Threat to Japan

GEN. RIDGWAY is believed to have opposed this offer, even though he announced it last May 7. The reasoning is this: At the present time Communist jet planes based in Manchuria can carry enough uel, to reach only the 38th Parallel. Using “reconstructed airfields in North Korea, they would command all Korea. : With the build-up of Communist airpower to superiority, the Red hordes might be able to drive United Nations forces off the perfinsula. If that should happen, Japan itself would be almost indefensible.

"MEMORIES NEVER DIE"

Today is set aside to show . .. our deep re-

who gave their lives . . . so we might live . . . away from fears and woes . . today is when we honor all . , . the men who fought to save . . . the government we cherish

and . .. the flag we long to wave... and many are the broken hearts . . , that shed a heartfelt tear . . . on this the aay of memories . . . of men we loved so dear ... and so when placing wreaths upon , . . the graves where they abide + « « remember that our freedom was .i. . the reason-that they died.

By Galbraith

Hoosier Forum SD Eo itv wie Vo

ioht to say it."

—By-Ben- Burroughs. Saal

But Sedition?

MR. EDITOR:

sier Forum”: “I do not agree with a word you say, but I will defend to bi

“We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal, and that they are

‘endowed by their Creator with certain inalien-

able rights, and among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.” I remember the words of Locke, which say, in effect, that “man must be tolerant--that must be his only ‘dogma; that “Society must not attempt to impose standards upon the private conscience of the individual so long as actions. of. the individual do not interfere with the public Welfare ®. ie

I REMEMBER Amendment One to the Constitution which reads “Congress shall make no laws respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, of the press; or the right of the Jeone bly to assemble, and to petition f government for a redress

‘ of grievances.” °

With those things fresh in my memory, I should like to present a hypothetical situation and then do quite a bit of wondering: Let us suppose a man publishes a book or a series of articles which contain that man’s beliefs or opinions. He states his philosophy. What would happen to that-man if he published his words long enough and with a loud enough’ voice? What would happen to 2 man who began to publish views against contemporary religion, professing belief, not in God, but in a system of opposites? He would probably be called a lunatic, if he had no money, or an atheist, Communist if he did have money, or just plain eccentric if he were very old. He possibly could even land in jail if he were persistent enough. ; Why? It seems to me a man is entitled to believe what he wants to. believe regardless of what his family, his friends, his society, or government believe. And he is entitled to express his belief, is he not, under the very same Constitution? He is entitled to freedom of speech. And it seems to me that the only reason a man who does express his beliefs would be persecuted, is because his listeners are afraid, They are infested with a fear that this “stranger who walks the face of the earth” express his beliefs is actually expressing some profound truths which haven't reached the ears of the majority, They, the persecutors, are so pat in their own beliefs, so lacking in self-confidence, they

‘tremble in fright when they listen to this man

express his beliefs because they are afraid he may be right, > a

AND YET WE SAY we believe in tolerance. We tell the neighbors we believe in the five freedoms. We smile and say prejudice is something to rid one’s self of; that it is the “product of a diseased mind.” I'm beginning to wonder whether or not most of us are all hypocrites. It seems to me that very much of the time we say we believe

one thing, yet act in a way which indicates we

believe quite a different thing. Or has hypocrisy come to be the style now? o It is tragic, I think, that cases such as William Dudley Pelley, and others of similar nature, are not “played up” ing In the 'nterest of freedom of speech, the other freedoms (I assume ey mn still do consciousness of soclety should be bear on any‘ breaches of freedoms. often such cases go unnoticed, or 3 noticed, they are shrugged off. If we bell said freedoms, then we should practice Nn and not be afraid of having our faiths and liefs changed by someone who merely with us and has nerve and strength enough . say so. y —Cpl. Roland Turrentine, Camp Atterbury.

ii

Hd ¥8 38

A Connection MR. EDITOR: A recent letter to your column asked what difference it made whether people turned out to vote or stayed at home. A good many people seem- to think they ought to vote, but why? Does it make any difference? In 1920, the American Legion and the League of Women Voters, new organizations (at least the League had a new name) headed up a drive to get out a big vote, It failed. And the administration that. followed—the Harding one— turned out to be ons of ou a inspired choices.

SINCE THEN, on various levels of government, I have seen the same-thing happen often. There seems to be a connection between indifferent voters and indifference to poor public officlals. We do get better government when we take more interest. Perhaps the man whom nobody cared much to elect, decides he doesn’t care much to make good. It's hard to tell which is cause and which is effect, In the Harding case, the nominating convention deadlocked and Mr. Harding was the choice of a handful of the political leaders. There does seem to be a connection; though, between a small vote and poor officials. =A. B., Zionsville.

More Chuckholes MR. EDITOR: How about a chuckhole contest for some of

. the county maintained streets and roads.

We have some here in the neighborhood that are second tomone, ““=Robert Atkinson, 3287 N, Bolton, City.

RESOURCES . . . By John W. Love

Find Iron Ore Along Lower Great Laker?

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COMMON SENSE is bursting out all over. I feel encour aged about the state of the nation. Profegsional people such as doctors, judges, psychiatrists, college professors and social service workers, now advocate more plain old gumption. Not so long ago, they all seemed to be lined up behind the vague and impractical. It's time for hallelujahs when a group of Chicago psy-

chologists and social workers’

come out with this nugget of good sense: " - w

“PARENTS should recognize the limitations and capacities of their ¢hildren. Much unhappiness, arises in those persons who, during childhood, are unfairly pitted against greater ability, Too. much emphasis is placed on reaching the top, on success as the goal that counts.” It seems to me this is also good advice for the schools. Our children have suffered untold * misery because adults have prodded them into ufworthy. competition. Parents too often wish to realize their own ambition in their chil-™ dren's careers, We've brought up many 100 me generations > this

lL ay

’,

country because life for its own sake has -not been considered a privilege. Yet most of the pleasure of human ex-

IRON ORE, or what prospectors strongly suspect is ore, is turning up along the north-

istence comes to us through ern shores of the lower Grea ror artolk ore body is 3000 very simple things. And all the 4 extras we get add up to dis- Lakes. Exploration for depos. U. 8; Steel has $410,000 content, if we have not been Its so close to centers of the for options on acres, taught to appreciate the sim- steel industry is the latest over 3) year to drill, may explicities. hase emispheric tend options another ' 8.8 = Phase 18 Fo Srmiephe ad may ee eld ALTHOUGH we have been Tore t 1eW something over $4 million. Nowitness to the tragedies which years. body can be sure what will be luxury -and idleness bring to The ore may exist in con- found. men and women, and have siderable quantities almost di- It may be only iron seen countless children ruined rectly across Lake Erie from Or it may be ore of too a by them, we still put our faith Cleveland, or it may lie under 8rade to mine at such a in false values. The other day Port Hope, on Lake Ontario, And it “be rich 1 overheard a mother admon- ¢ Canadian the 50 miles east of Toronto, It ’ ishing her son who had been has definitely been located 50 Ing contractor, will have hn Senden 2 a school Jats: miles northeast of Port Hope, rigs on the site this week. “You're as good as he b Remember that" at Marmora, Ont, "=. . x» “on A SIMILAR activity in opBUT DO YOU ever hear par- SOMETHING resembling an- tions occurred around Port ents saying, “You are just as - other Canadian mining boom Bp. Laws Ontario. Jones good as he is. But you are not Is developing. : Jeparita $0 hve so talented, or rich or clever. : © 2000 acres, intensified its acYou may not get ahead as fast Thus far there is nothing to tivity recently three miles as he doés.. But that doesn’t ; Ee ee Ms sb} Sosth of Port Hope. . - matte, Yo re God's child, nges body runs under gut hee “tla purpose, You rock just across the lakes, but ake Ontario, eg have your own unique destiny ja 7. MW. Rog. U: 8. Pat. Of: iron is so strongly indicated est decided the hi 8 to fulfill. Don't worry about Se .Clpr, 1952 by NEA Service, ine. that big steel companies are great to go after the o : De ms 5000 8a I In bontlnle fer | "She. told her. now boy fr d dearing the United States Btéel has She water. hough as as it is possible for “She new i id was just i n an- bana you to be—that's quite en i : ”. oy nd the me Hs i . ng ~ nounced its Oliver division is Has done oy to make a ‘happy individual. - dinner table! Y's that, me of you?" ‘about to drill on land it has cessfully, : $1 b . Tei ata . 0 tats oo i

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RELAX « Put these ' work for yo week. You'l number of little worker