Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 12 March 1952 — Page 25

Page PDF (8.71 MB)

Back to issue view

ORS

igerators ut you'll this rare

MA. 5358

:30 P.M. 5:15 P.M.

hutter 0 film TH (RTE winder adjust in lens

e OPEN URSDAY O'Clock

0-Pe. it Early!

“feels that good.

_ title bestowed on him by an-

mnside Indianapolis By Ed Sovola

‘WILBUR SHAW, the man with ihe Targe smile, fast quip, three “300” wins and a heart that stopped five times last summer, will drive the pace car whenever he has the chance. He

This year, H. S. Vance, chairman of the board and president of Studebaker Corp., will be in the driver's seat on May 30. Wilbur will go for e ride. That's the plan as of now. The president of the dpdianapolis Motor Speedway Corp. interrupted a Florida. vacation to attend the Pacemaker annual dinner. As you are reading, Wilbur” is probably being covered with warm sand. His wife, “Boots,” and Wilbur are mean sand handlers.

I had three reasons (most radio and newsmen

had only two) for attending the Studebaker feed at the Athletic Club Monday night. Food and drink teok care of {wo reasons. The third was Wilbur's plans concerning the pace car, present and future. oe oo oe

IT TOOK a great deal of maneuvering to get Wilbur in a corner by himself. When he yaks at a party, he likes to have more than two ears

around. And there was no question.that Wilbur § was in the best of health and glad to be rubbing | and bending elbows with friends. He remembers |

his heart attack last summer vividly.

“Before we begin with your pitch, let me tell you the quickie I picked up in Florida,” said Wil- &

bur. He was in no mood to get serious. Thirty seconds later ne was. It took that long to put the joke on ice and ask the question: “Are you ever going to drive a Pacemaker again?” “I'll drive the pace car whenever I get the chance. I feel terrific. The latest report from the doctors. convinces—me that I'm well enough to drive the ‘500, " Wilbur lowered his head, knocked the ashes off his cigaret, spun the ice around in his glass and talked about the “new” Wilbur Shaw. fh WS LAST. SUMMER, he sald, his heart literally stopped beating five times. Wilbur said at no time was he afraid of death. Ile was afraid of many things but death wasn't the big “it” Today he feels he is a better man for having had serious heart attacks. Today he knows what is important in life. ‘He knows how to live and it took mbnths in a hospital and a heart attack to teach him. Last summer he was afraid what would happen to “Boots” and little Wilbur. He was afraid he'd never have a chance to finish his lessons with his son in the proper use of the slingshot, rifle, conduct in the field and how to grow up to be a gentleman. Wilbur was afraid that “Boots” would miss having him around the house. He has learned now how to live properly and he attributes that to being a race driver. Wilbur believes only race drivers retain the oldest human Instinct, the law of self-preservation. They learn this well.on the track and never forget it entirely.

It Happened Last Night

By Earl Wilson

NEW YORK, Mar. 12—I just hope you like beans. You see, I'm a beanophile. The other day I very proudly hrought a big bean secret home to my Gorgeous Mother-in-Law. “I discovered a way to cook beans,” I announced, “without soaking them overnight.” “Who cooks them overnight?” she said.” “I soak them about an hour and a half or two hours.” : She could have added, “Because when you get hungry for beans, you can't wait overnight” — but she didn’t, being a lady. Did I feel deflated? “But this man,” I added, pretty weakly, he can cook 'em in 45 HiiNgtes” <> YOU SEE, I'd been out in Defiance, O., one of my home towns. In Bud's Hamburger Shop, I met the boss, Glenn B. Hiatt. He’s round and plump, and evidently full of bean soup. “Try that,” he said, defiantly, or should I say defiancely? “You can’t get bean soup like that in New York.” And he boasted of his short cut to bean soup— which fascinated me, because when I get bean hungry, I get in a real hurry. I got to perishin’ for beans in Europe two years ago. When we lunched at Perle Mesta's in Luxembourg, I hoped she’d have beans. Nope. Cheese souffle, Delicious. But not beans. We got to Brussels on a Sunday, a waiter for beans. Sure, they had beans. And I'd come back in 8 hours, they'd have them cooked for me. The Beautiful Wife finally bought me a can of pork and beans and satisfied me. < oe La ANYWAY, IT got Glenn Hiatt to give me his bean soup recipe:

“says

I begged

Americana By Robert C. Ruark

NEW YORK, Mar. 12—It will be of scant comfort to Mrs. June Smith, hunting widow, to learn that the conversion of her husband, Rex, from lounge lizard to outdoor man occurred with no malice on the part of her spouse's corrupters. All we were trying to do was keep the boy out of the poolrooms, and the effort backfired. Until some time after he passed his 50th season, Mr. Smith had been busy living up to his reputation of the “Charwoman's Prince of Wales,” a

other fellow named Smith. Mr. Rex Smith's vices were few, He was a vice president of Araerican Airlines. He had been » colonel in the Air Force. He was known as an athlete—on one occasion he was observed to walk all the way from the “21” Club to the Stork Club, a distance of nearly two blocks. Mr. Smith was a fair crapshooter, but craps

was ‘the only thing he ever shot until just recently. Craps, perhaps, and the breeze. And then fate took a hand. 2d oe oe MR. SMITH’'S fall from the pleasant estate

of city slickerism occurred after a short train ride from the city of New York, on the pheasant preserve of a man .named Lou Schweizer, who

_ operates a hunters’ haven for jaded New Yorkers

called Sandy Hollow, just outside New London, Conn.. where the submarines grow. Some bad companions named Wright, Stone and Ruark kidnaped Mr. Smith from the cozy comfort of a table. in Toets Shor's and carried him struggling and kicking to a train. We unleashed him, once he was in the woods, and gave him a gun. The gun contained one cartridge, for safety's sake, and _ eventually sponsored Mr. Smith’s nickname among the aboriginals who still inhabit northern Connecticut, “Lakwinni Mangoon,” Smith is called, meaning “Lone Hunter,” or “he who shoots by himself because everyJody else is hiding under a rock somewhere.” ow MR. SMITH “took his shotgun and floundered forth among the drifting sows. He floundered back, some nours later, clutching a couple of bedraggled pheasants, which, mirabile dictu, he had assassinated all by himself. This was the end of Smith, the debutante’s delight—Smith, the cafe-society butterfly. This was the beginning of leatherstocking Smith, mighty hunter and absentee husband. Mr. Smith talked for 17 consecutive hours concerning the fine points of pheasant shooting, the delights of living in the open, and the stupidities of city-dwelling. Over the evening he made some nine collect telephone calls to brag of his prowess in the field. Over a period of two days he had arranged for membership in a skeet club, had opened a charge account at Abercrombie & Fitch, and had booked three duck hunts, a quail shoot

and an African safari for next year. Ld

* MR. SMITH'S evil companions called his wife, the aforementioned June, to inform her that, at

little

,once a’ week then water thoroughly.

Shaw Rarin’® to Drive Pace Car

CLEAR TRACK AHEAD — A heart attack opened a new way of life for Wilbur Shaw and he says it is better than ever.

During a race a driver always tries to have an opening straight ahead and two other possibilities to the left and right. ‘The mind, and body operate at their highest level of efficiency.

And that is something the _avemmge motorist doesn’t do on the highway and city street. The average man doesn't use hi€ head around the home and in his daily life. Ever check the number of fatal accidents each year in the bathroom?

Wilbur admits readily that he forgot the law of self-preservation. He worked too hard, tried to ‘do too many things, didn’t -relax enough, worried and fretted about-too many inconsequentials. Then the heart put up the yellow flag. He is concerned recovered from a heart attack begin to live as man is supposed to live. Moderation in everything is the key.

Tony Hulman remarked that he has never seen Wilbur look -any better or act happier. Wilbur says he never felt better in his life and he speaks with his head and heart. The two make a great team and we have to take Wilbur's word for it, his team is batting 1.000.

A New Fast Way To Cook Beans

1—Put on in cold water. Bring to a boil Pour water off. 2-—-Put beans on in cold water again. Bring to a boil. Add teaspoon of baking soda. Stir through beans. Allow to cook 5 minutes. 3—Pour off and start in cold water again. Add ham bone and salt for seasoning.” “Can I print this?” I asked. “I might get a Pulizer Prize for the most valuable contribution to mankind.”

“Go ahead,” he said. world.”

The Gorgeous Mother-in-Law and I tried it, watching the clock .carefully, and got the beans mushily delicious in about an hour. Just then the B. W. stuck her head in the kitchen—she does every few weeks—and said, “Hey, how about some beans for ME?” I found out last night that Toots Shor’s soaks beans overnight, and that the famous 21 Club snoots beans entirelv—when Jimmy, the greeter there, craves beans, he sends over to the Automat. Lucky me-—to have a mother- in-law who can cook beans. Not only that-—she never spills any!

°. ° . oe oe oe

FREDDIE LAMB, ex-prop. Club, is now headwaiter at the Embers... Abe Attell’s book about the Black will charge that the ball players sought out the gamblers and asked to be bribed, then doublecrossed the gamblers.

‘ °. °. oe ge oe

TODAY'S BEST LAUGH: Joe Stein, the extremely busy TV writer, was in such a whirl, he jumped in a cab and told the driver, “Murray Hill 6-7856." :

“I'll share it with the

of the famous 18 Honest

2. . °. og <e oo

TARZAN LEX BARKER, according to Bob Hope, is the only man strong enough to pih a Truman button on a Dixiecrat , , , That's Earl, brother,

And Another Good Man Bites the Dust

lengthy last, her lord had finally achieved a hobby. “Oh, my,” Mrs. Smith was heard to mutter

weakly on the other end of the phone. will become of me and the children now?” At the end of last week, Mr. Smjth was wearing a coonskin cap to work, and had already placed - orders for sewxeral grades of shotgun. a double-barreled express rifle for shooting elephants, and was heard to utter thé scornful opinion that any man who used a gun larger than 410 for quail was a boor, a cad and considerable of a rotter. He had cast off his ancient associates and was seen mingling with a new coterie of friends-—the kind of people who wear badge studded feather hatbands on a homburg hat and ‘vhose reading is limited entirely to “Field and Stream.” oo "e oe IT GRIEVES me to mention that the lovely June must now cease buying clothes, and food and little Rex can expect no further largesse from Santa Claus, because no single budget can maintain- a hunter. and a family at the same time. Mr. Smith's work is bound to suffer, and his conversation will be even more single-tracked than in. the days when he fancied bullfights for relaxation. The Messrs. Wright, Stone and Ruark apologize for the downfall of your old man, Mrs. Smith, but the sad truth is you've lost him forever to the great outdoors

® ° > - Dishing the Dirt By Marguerite Smith QI have had such a beautiful azalea, How g0 1 can have it in bloom next vear? Irvington. three likes It. loves moisture and fertility.

it has stopped blooming. to take care of it

A Remember azalea to be kept cool. And the crucial period for next is now and during the prepackages its flower buds. So flowers, Keep plant. in coolest spot you have where it will get good light. Some sun (east or west window) will be good. Then give it plenty of water. Though it's wise to let it get bone dry In spring repot in rich soil (use Totted Manure if you can

points an

geason’s ‘bloom summer. That's when it

remove dead -

Read Marguerite Smith's Gorden Column. - in' The Sunday Times

get it). Or prepare to feed it regularly if you keep it in the peat it's probably potted in now. A [riend- of mine gets wonderflul results year after year by potting her plant in soll

summer, ‘hosing off to keep red spider under control, regular feeding - these should give vou good results. (Send garden questions fo Marguerite Smith; THE INDIANAPOLIS. TIMES, Indianapolis 9

Ind. » ) 4 ! ae :

that only those who have

Sox scandal

“What

Now

that's | about half rotted cow manure. Mild shade during ~

WEDNESDAY, MARCH 12, 1952°

e Indianapolis Times

PAGE 25

‘MYSTERY MAN’ GRUNEWALD :

«d

. No. 3—

First Connection With Revenue

By EDWARD F. HENRY (THE DUTCHMAN) GRU!

He lost

into Washington in 1930.

RYAN EWALD moved

no time in establish-

ing himself as a man with important connections on both

sides of the political feuce.

A Democrat, he arrived in the capital under Republican auspices. He set. up shop as the one-man Washington informatjon bureau of Henry W, Marsh, retired insurance mil. lionaire and Republican whose hobby "was keeping in close touch with politics. Grunewald made himself at home on the high wires of top level policy and never lost his balance, While he set out to earn his $1000 a month from Marsh, Grunewald settled his family in the newly opened luxury apartment, the Westchester. He sent the girls, Christine and Erna, to private schools. Using his own G-man training, plus numerous assists from Marsh, Grunewald soon discovered an ever-widening circle of important contacts in government and industry. ~ ~ ~ HE MADE a most important connection in 1933 with Harry H. Woodring, the new Assistant Secretary of War in the first Roosevelt administration. The stage for their meeting was set by Marsh. Woodring, on a trip to New York, met Marsh by chance. Marsh told Woodring about the weekly Washington report he was getting from Grunewald. Woodring wanted to see it. Grunewald showed up the next week at Woodring's office in the War Department with a copy: of his report. He made it a weekly habit to drop into Woodring's office. Grunewald’s information proved valuable to Woodring. He would bring news from Capitol Hill that Woodring wanted to hear about. Woodring was ex-governor of Kansas with top-level political connections of his own. Before long, Grunewald met Guy T. Helvering, Commissioner of Internal Revenue. Helvering was the Democratic boss of Kansas. He had steered Woodring into the governorship, and he steered the state into Roosevelt's column in 1933. " » 5 BY 1936 when Woodring was elevated to Secretary of War, Grunewald had become a political handicapper of high talents.

GIBRALTAR OF THE PACIFIC

EDITOR'S NOTE: This is the third installment of the life story of Henry William Grunewald, “my stery man” of the federal tax fraud investigation. Twice cited for contempt of Congress, Grune wald is now under investiga. tion by a Federal Grand Jury and un congressional committee. The author is a staff reporter of the Washington Post.

«FOP presidential nomination. He picked Roosevelt to beat l.andon. © He bet hard on his

hunch and won $25,000 to $30.000, whicn he reported on his income tax. Grunewald parlayed his friendship with Helvering Into important Capitol Hill and in contacts on the Internal! Revenue Bureau. It wus through Helvering that Grunewald met Vice President Barkley when he was a Senator from Kentucky. Barkley, who served in the House with Helvering, always found Grunewald pleasant and agreeable in their occasional meetings. Grunewald never asked Barkley for anything, except he once made an inquiry about a routine eivil service promotion that Barkley didn't know: anything about. " - tonsidered the acquaintance with Grunewald a casual one. From somewhere “out of the blue” Barkley got the idea Grunewald was a tipoff man for the Treasury on tax evaders. When this idea got to Grunewald he said “God forbid, I'd rather shoot myself, I'd rather cut off my right arm than be an informer, unless it were something involving the security of the country and then I'd be the first to tell J. Edgar Hoover.” The impression formed in high places that Grunewald was a friend of Hoover's. On oecasion he used the FBI director's name as a reference. Hoover made no bones about knowing Grunewald, but let it be known that he fixed a firm limit to the acquaintanceship. According to the FBI, Hoover was never on intimate terms

~ BARKLEY

Okinawa To Be

By DOUGLAS LARSEN

Times Special Writer

OKINAWA, Mar.

12—When America completes all details of ‘its peace with Japan,

this island will assume

a brand new strategic role in the Far East. A fabulous construction program is rapidly turning

Okinawa into one of thc most

modern, heavily fortified outs posts that the U. S. will maintain. And it will also be the

only area in the Far East over which American forces will be exercising all powers of governs ment. Boss of the whole Ryukyus

Command, with Okinawa as the main island and headquar-

ters, is Maj. Gen. Robert 8S. Beightler. Fittingly, he is an experienced construction engi-

neer and used to be head of the

Ohio highway system. He describes the new role of the island: = “The military importance of Okinawa under United States jurisdiction lies in its twin

‘value as .an offensive bomber base and as a potential staging area from which either amphibious or airborne operations

could be launched to retake territory on ‘its flanks which might be lost as a result of

further Communist aggression. un » ” “OKINAWA-BASED medium bombers have far greater flexibility in choice of target “areas than those based on either Japan or in the Philippines. They have an effective advantage in that they can reach all important target areas within an arc which includes all of Southeast

Asia, the whole of modern China, the lL.ake Baikal industrial area, Eastern Siberia, and

the southern tip of Kamchatka Peninsula.” Under construction here is a new, huge landing strip at Ka dena Air Force Base which will be able to handle the largest bombers in existence, including the B-36, the new R-52 all-jet long-range bomber and prac-

NEW OUTLOOK—

GEN. BEIGHTLER: Okinawa s "begun to pay for itself.”

tically any other big planes on

blue prints, Okinawa's advantages as an -A-bomb base are obviows, * The island offers excellent facilities for atomic bomb storage. During World War II, close to 200,000 troops were stationed in the Ryukyus. They were makntained and - kept supplied

through the badly damaged, unimproved ports of ‘the island. Beightler explains:

~ - ~ “WITH the improvements which have heen made in the port facilities, road nets, communication facilitieg, utilities, storage facilities and air fields,

the total number of troops which could he staged through Okinawa ghould far exceed the number stationed there during the last war." In co-operation with the 315th Air Division, Combat Car-

No.

One Of Best U. S. Bases

He picked Landon to get the

' port maneuvers.

; Be) iret

PROTECTION—Martin Dies said his committee couldn't get anywhere with the: Grunewald probe because he "had tremendous

power and heavy protection,"

with Grunewald, never associated with him socially, never visited his home, and never had lunch or dinner with him. Grunewald had no trouble finding luncheon companions from the Bureau of Internal Revenue. Through Helvering, Grunewald met George J. Schoeneman. They were close friends while Schoeneman moved up through the bureau, went to the White House as President Truman's executive assistant, and returned to the bureau as Commissioner, ~ ~ ~ THROUGH Schoeneman, Grunewald met. Charles Oliphant, general counsél of the bureau. Grunewald frequently had 8choeneman and Oliphant as guests for lunch, and they visited his home in Florida. Grunewald also was reportedly close to Daniel A. Bolich, who resigned from a high bureau job last November and who

go, which is headquartered at Fuchu, Japan, combat-ready troops based here are already carrying on extensive air transThis means that the island is being readied right now as a staging area for air-borne operations. The vital new military mission of the Ryukyus is already partially operational. Next to Europe and Korea, Okinawa now has more U. 8. Army and Air Force personnel than any base “outside of the American continental limits. The actual number of U. 8. forces here is a secret, but it is considerable, and growing just about every day,

~ ~ ~ OKINAWA, as the last jor action of World War II, cost America heavily in blood and dollars. But it i= Beightler's opinion -that the island has already “begun to pay for itself as a formidable weapon against aggression.” He explains:

“While the U, 8. scrambled to get supplies and equipment to combat troops at the outhreak of the Korean War, Okinawa, a fcant 850 miles from Korea, stood poised not only with ready-made airfields, but with a gigantic roll-up stock of materiel from World War 11. Less than a month after hostilities hegan. Okinawa-based combat troops salled for Korea.” Ag the .details of the Japanese peace are being worked out, it Is becoming evident that there will be considerable pres-

ma-

sure to consolidate UU, 8 military installations on Japan. And If peace in Korea should

come, that increased;

pressure “ would be

~ » ~ IN THE minds of many U. 8, officials in Tokyo, the best move those American defenses which are not abi#blutely essential on Japan. There some very serious consideration

Okinawa of-

fers place to

has even heen

lived in the Washington Hotel where Grunewald had an office suite, Through Marsh, Grunewald met such assorted political personalities as Sen, Styles Bridges (R. N. H.) now the GOP Senate floor leader; Sen, Claude Pepper (D. Fla.) who now is in private law practice; Thomas G. (Tommy the Cork) Corcoran, exbrain truster who also went into private law, In the same way. Grunewald met Samuel F. Pryor, vice president of Pan American Airlines. He did investigating work for Pryor.

” " ” GRUNEWALD was acquainted with the late O, Max Gardner, governor of North Carolina and coiner of the phrase “New Deal.” He knew ex-Sen. Arthur Robinson (R. Ind.), one of the first to call the New Deal “socialistic.” Grunewald

shared an office

RUSSIA

RUSSIAN INDUSTRIAL |_cenTER LAKE BAIKAL

PAKISTAN

INDIA MA

suite with Robinson In the Munsey Building. _. Robinson, then - practicing law, found (irunewald a mysterious fellow who never let on what his busi ness was, except for the work he did for Marsh. Grunewald's agreement with Marsh left him free for outs side activities, In 1938, these came under scrutiny of the Dies Committee's investigas tors, According to both Grunee wald and ex-Congressman Mare tin Dies the inquiry turned on Girunewald’s participation in a sale of American fighter planes to China, and nothing subse versive was found.

. ~ » GRUNEWALD told the ine vestigators the transaction was 100 per cent legitimate, and the export was cleared by the State Department. At the end, Grunewald re« ceived a letter from the Dies Committee giving him a clean bill of health, Pies sald the inquiry alse asked Secretary of War Wood» ring to explain a large paye ment he received from Grunee wald. Dies sald Woodring exe plained the payment®as the ree turn of a ‘cash loan he had made to Grunewald. Dies said the basis for the plane inquiry was a suspicion —not borne out by the investigation — that planes were being routed to the Nazis. Woodring said the loan was for $6000. Dies sald Grunewald seemed to have “heavy protection” and “tremendous power” and “we never could get anywhere with it.” He sald files from execu= tive agencies were not forthe coming. -

» ~ - DIES said he finally saw President Roosevet about it, and “he told me it would do a great damage to our security the matter was of such tremens dous importance he would ap« preciate it if I would let the goverment handle it.” “Nothing came out of it” sald Dies. “Nothing ever came out of anything in those days.” Woodring resigned two years later in a policy row with President Roosevelt. Grunewald said he got his clean-bill-of-health letter after serving notice he might do some investigating of his own, Before long ex-G-man Grune« wald got a new surprise,

(Copyright, 1952. by United Feature Syndicate)

NEXT: Grunewald learns he is an Alien.

KAMCHATKA

== OKINAWA

NEW TAR OF THE

FORMOSA PACIFIC

FRENCH Orr INDO- = PHILIPPINE ISLANDS

THAILAND

CHINA

MALAYA THE NETHERLANDS INDIES

SCALE OF MILES

(INE WSMAP

OKINAWA'S BOMBERS can range from Kamchatka te

southeast Asia.

of the East

given to the movement headquarters of the Far Command here. At the recent rate of expansion of all kinds of facilities

here, the island could: handle this major shift very nicely.

NEXT: Life and Democracy on Okinawa.

Young Indians Tackle Age-Old Sanitation Problems

Ry HOWARD DE WALD Times Special Writer PHOENIX, Ariz, Mar. 12 -

The Indian medicine mean Dbetter brace themselves. Their cen-turies-old customs are ahout to collide with eager young ‘ribesmen full of new ideas, ! .. A dozen Indians. from 10 great tribes ‘are being trained here to begin the first full-scale sanitation program ever undertaken on U. 8. Indian reservations, They're out to lick the bad sanitation that makes the life expectancy of an Indian in

Arizona, for example, only 23 Years. The !U. 8. Indian Service has

been appalled for years, by this high mortality rate on the reservations. Limited attempts by Indian’ Service men to correct bad sanitation have always been blocked by Indian customs and their ancient habits of living The ratio of Indian deaths to white men.is 12 to 1 from typhoid. 6 to 1 from tuberculosis, 5 to 1 from diarrhea, and 4 to 1

from pneumonia. Most of those

diseases -on the reservations

can be traced directly to bad sanitation, says Dr. L. J. Lull, an Indian Service medical director. .

~ ~ ~ The students in the week sanitation course have been picked by tribal councils of the’ Cheyenne of ‘North Dakota, Chippewa of Minnesota, Sioux of South Dakota, United Pueblo of New Mexico, Blackfeet of Montana, Navajo of New Mexico and Arizona, and Apache, Hopi, Papago and Pima, all of Arizona. ! They will return to the homelands of the greater part of

eight-

America's 400,000 reservationdwelling Indians to preach the gospel of scientific sanitation. So conscientiously did the tribal councils attempt to select men of high character for training that one tribe did not send a student to the school. The council told the Indian Service it interviewed 16 young nien and found ‘none could be trusted about drinking.” The students know their jobs won't be easy. They'll have to convince the elder tribesmen of

‘the necessity of constructing

sand filters for water supplies, simple sewage disposal systems,

sanitary privies, sanitary wells, and the need for sanitary foods handling practices. They will have to take long trips from the desert to the mountains and from the vile lages “to the lonely outposts, in schools, and at tribal meetings. They'll have to.cajole their fellow tribesmen into changing. the habits of centuries. ; The young Indians feel they'll © get co-operation on the reserva« tions. Their biggest difficulty, théy say, will be translating the white man's sapitation terms language.

into Ipdian oi