Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 12 August 1951 — Page 20

WALTER TECH TECKRONE HENRY W. MANZ Business Manager

Sunday, Aug. 12, 1951

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Telephone PL aza 5551 Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way

Who Gets Hurt by Ewing's Welfare Fund Cut?

EARLY all the bona fide complaints about the possible loss to Indiana of $20 million a vear in ‘federal aid” for public welfare have come from the folks who are “on welfare” themselves. Their protests are pitiful. They Jepend on this public - 2id for their livings and they fear it may be stopped. “Actually they are the only people in Indiana who cannot be affected at all. They get their welfare payments, regardless of whether Indiana gets, or does not get, the federal money Oscar Ewing has held out. Indiana law is positive and specific on that. Each county must, by state law, pay whatever its own county welfare board orders paid to whatever aged, blind, or dependent persons it designates—no matter where the money comes from. ~The county may get the money from the federal treasury, or the state treasury, or by borrowing, or by taxing its own citizens—or even by not paying its other bills, and not paying its own county employees. But welfare must be paid, and welfare comes first. : rn = ” " n 5 ONLY THE Indiana taxpayer can Jose, if Mr. Ewing wins. Indiana taxes might be raised, Indiana citizens might have to do without some services their counties now provide, if “federal aid’ for welfare is finally stopped. It would be exasperating to pay higher taxes for this because Indiana taxpayers already have paid for it once. Exasperating— but not exactly staggering. Divided equally among all the people of Indiana it would cost each an average of something like 10 cents a week to produce $20 millions a year. We haven't heard much about it, so far, from the taxpayers. Only from the needy, and the aged, who believe the Ewing dispute means they" are going to lose the little allowance that is all they have to live on. That isn’t true. Wonder who told them it was?

Futility of Tit-for-Tat 7 VERY time the Communists say a bad word to us, we reply in kind, although usually after our officials have taken two or three weeks to make up their minds. And every time they kick one of our guys in the pants, we tap one of theirs on the wrist. This might be amusing, or no worse than irksome, if it were a couple of boys in a shin-skinning contest. But we are engaged in a world conflict over whether free nations are to remain free or be engulfed by Moscowdirected. Communist enslavement. : This is not a diplomatic tea-table brawl. It a fighting war on some fronts, a war of propaganda on others, much of it a war of maneuver and political manipulation. Where they must, the Russians use armed aggression, as in Korea. Where this is not necessary, or offers too great a risk, they employ other effective methods. The point is, they always are on the initiative. If they are slowed or stopped on one front, they break out elsewhere. Whether it is a big or little incident, it always is their incident. Qur action is purely defensive.

1S a war,

economic

i un » = ” on THIS TIME it is the Communists in Poland, ordering us to shut down our information service in Warsaw, although under the usual Communist restrictions it could not have been of much use. So we counter-punch by telling the Red Poles to close down their propaganda office in New York. It was the same with the other Russian satellites. The Romanians expelled our information service in Bucharest. In return, we closed their “commercial” office in New York. When they restricted the travel of American officials in Romania, we did the same to their officials in Washington. When they said two of our diplomats had to leave, we sent two of theirs home. After Hungary had jailed and abused American citizens in that country, and otherwise insulted and humiliated the United States, we closed up their consulates here.

We broke off diplomatic relations with Bulgaria, but only after they had beaten us to it by declaring our

minister there ‘‘persona non grata.” o 5 as 5 ” LJ IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA, William N. Oatis, an American newspaperman, has been in a Communist jail since April. After a rigged trial, he was sentenced to 10 years. Our State Department has cried out in anguish, deplored, condemned and railed at this outrage. But we have just received a new Czech ambassador In this country. We have not jailed, ejected or restricted any Czech Communists—nor any of their Russian mentors. We have not cut off trade or diplomatic relations. Congressional proposals for strong retaliation against the Czech Communists have béen opposed by State Department lobbying. Speaking out of his long experience in trying to deal with Communists, Gen. Mark Clark said Friday that whenever the Russians have been met by definite action, not appeasement, “that's when they stopped and listened.” “ “For two years,” while he was with the Allied occupation in Austria, he said, “we did everything possible to get +o SUEEESUONE, however, were vetoed. They have no fair play and no decency. They lied, ‘they murdered, they plundered. ...” The actions of the satellites are all part of the same ~ Russian pattern, the same Russian purpose. The Communists will not be detoured or- stopped by minor reprisals. the Reds and their stooges will not do business on

is no gain in trying

nerves and ,

ROUNDUP—

Is McCarthy |

Just Tossin'

Some Mud?

WASHINGTON, Aug. 11 —This week in the Senate Sen. Joseph McCarthy (R. Wis.) touched off bitter

row by asserting that Ambas-sador-at-Large Philip Jessup and 25 other State Department employ~ ees have been “officially charged with C 0 m m u nist activities” His list included John Carter Vincent, former U. 8. minister to Switzerland. R e publican Leader Ernest Sen. McCarthy McFarland ee.litthe fuse ( Artz.) charged Mr. McCarthy with mud - slinging on Senate floor, and Deputy Undersecretary of State Carlisle Humelsine accused him of “callous” indifference to facts and “Indefensible smear tactics.” Resolution of Sen William Benton (D. Conng§ asking investigations looking to expul-

gion of Sen. McCarthy as result ¢

of Maryland election campaign appeared headed for a subcommittee pigeonhole.

Lattimore

JUDICIARY subcommittee heard a former German Communist, Dr. Karl A. Wittfogel, now a University of Washington professor, testify that Owen Lattimore suggested in 1944 that Korea be given to Soviet Russia and Japanese emperor be deposed.

Both Houses HOUSE Un-American Activities Committee heard Japanese official testify that Communist spy ring in Japan tipped off Russia two months in advance that Pearl Harbor was to be attacked. Senate Judiciary Subcommittee heard Gen. MacArthur's intelligence officer, Maj. Gen. Charles Willoughby, say he sought in 1949 to “unmask” activities of this ring but was overruled by military authorities in Washington.

Foreign Aid" HOUSE Foreign Affairs Committee cut about $1 billion from administration's $8.5 billion foreign-aid program and voted to unify all aid under an independent agency.

Gen. Bradley

. doesn't want cut

Two Senate committees ended hearings on bill with warning from Gen. Bradley

that any cut in military portion would leave some national defense units inadequately equipped.

House HOUSE PASSED. 348 to 2, record peacetime $56 billion military spending bill after defeating Republican drive to restrict administration's power to send troops to Eisenhower's Atlantic Pact Army. Bill now goes to Senate. Rapid buildup in aviation strength to give Air Force 138 combat and 25 troop-carrier wings, for total of 163, was urged by Chairman Vinson of Armed Services Committee, He also favored three super-car-riers for Navy instead of one.

Oatis Case

HOUSE agreed to vote next Tuesday whether to adopt mild or tough resolution against Czechoslovakia for jailing William Oatis, American reporter. Tough version could call for cutting trade ties, then diplo-

matic relations if Oatis is not freed. Baseball MONOPOLY subcommittee,

winding up first phase of hear-

ings on ‘‘reserve clause,’ decided to broaden inquiry té ,. cover “all sports broadcasting

century. sgl Ge

3 “angled.

® President PRESIDENT TRUMAN ordered full investigation of athletic “systems at West Point and Annapolis to determine if they were overemphasizing football, Several Congressmen have demanded abolition of football at both service academies,

Boyle PRESIDENT defended WilFlahdb ai coir ane ecb ati Sl Bh charges of influencing RFC loans and announced Mr, Boyle would remain as Democratic national chairman. Sen. Byrd (D: Va.) indicated, however, he was not dropping case. Veto . - BILL. to raise pensions of

r

veterans who became disabled

from non-service causes was vetoed by President on

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Hoosier Forum—°‘A Real Thrill’

"l do not agree with a word that you say, but | will defend to the death your right to say it."

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‘Visit Goodwill Industries’

MR. EDITOR This letter is from two handicapped ladies on our way to attend a national convention of polio victims at the Shades. One of us is a high school teacher from Virginia. The other is an office secretary in the state welfare office in Maine. ‘While in Indianapolis it was our privilege to be taken on a tour of Goodwill Industries. We were delighted with the scope of the work and the fine joh being done by the handicapped employees. To you friendly folk in the Hoosier capital we want to say: If you have never visited Goodwill Industries you are missing something very fine. For us it meant a real thrill and warm memories that will last a long time. We're sure it would mean the same for many of you, too. Visit Goodwill Industries. * You'll be glad you did. —Mary Jackson, Austinville, Va. —Louise Ryckert, Auburn, Me.

‘Bad News at West Point’

MR. EDITOR: I have not written you any letters for some time because I have been real busy, and besides

1 doubt if you can read, although I have always tried to make my letters simpie enough for anybody However, 1 have been over to’ West Point. looking around and I have to advise you that things there are very much worse than the

newspapers have reported them. All this talk about cheating in examinations looks to me to be just to cover up what really is going on at our military academy, and you ought to have known that yourself because very few colleges ever will expel a football player

for any such trivial technicalities as that. In December, mavbe if it happens to be his senior year, but not in August on o> BY NO, SIR, it seems as if when they had their

last election for a football captain why there were 97 votes cast although they only had 41 players on the squad, and in some of the other school elections cadets were voting who quit school to go and fight in the Battle of Bull Run (the second Battle of Bull Run, that is). This all got started when some character named Gasterprend, or something like that, took to organizing some politics on the campus with a view to getting control of a few generals later on. I do not know if he was a cadet himself, and nobody seemed to know whether he ever got any generals, although there was some talk about a Gen. Bahn, or mavbe it was Von, but he is not around there either, at least not at present. I am sorry that I am not able to give you the full and exact information about all of this at this time, but it was not available. The college authorities did have it all in writing and records and affidavits and so on collected, but the night before they were going to bring out all this evidence{ and pin it on the. guilty miscreants why somebody broke into the

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Armory up there and stole it and carried all the evidence away, and nobody has any idea who would have done a thing like that. So I ¢an only report that all the cadets who have deepfreezers in their dormitory rooms told me they had bought them with RFC loans, a statement I was in no position to question. There are a good many pastel mink coats in sight, too, although what cadets would want with pastel mink coats when they are not allowed#o have any wives I would not be able to say. SN WELL, all of that is suspicious enough, but there is worse. Along last fall some kind of an idea got .in the football squad thdt winning was crude and vulgar, and that they should not play too hard because if they did why it might provoke the opposition team to play harder too, especially Navy. So they decided that instead of making touchdowns they would try and develop what they called “situations of strength” and these would be so impressive to all the other football teams that perhaps they would agree to negotiate a 0 to 0 tie on the 50-yard line. They feel it might have worked very well, too, except that they didn't get the right kind of co-operation and Navy beat them, 14 to 2. Now anybody knows that no respectable institution can' run with things like these going on inside of it, and naturally steps had to be taken, ought to be a lesson to them. —Richard Poore,

East Ananias.

‘A Fine Letter’ MR. EDITOR: I would like to register myself in hearty agreement with Bud Snyder's letter in The

Forum, “Let's Buy World Peace.” I fear there are not enough who think like that to greatly influence world political action but to me it is the spirit of the Master teacher of men who was led to His cross because of those who said, ‘If we let this man alone, all men will believe in Him and the Romans will come and take away our place and nation.” Men were afraid to follow His teaching then and we are still afraid to really give it a practical trial but I believe it is that spirit which must eventually reign over the kingdoms of this world. —~John Lemon, 1231 Naomi St.

SO NEAR IS HEAVEN

I'M haunted by the murmur of ... the brook that passes near ... and I am captured by the

birds . . . that sing so sweet and clear . . . the rustle of the leaves above , .. bewitch my inner self . . . while butterflies dance o'er the field...

much like a frightened elf . . . the velvet grass invites me lay . amid its magic quilt . . . to rest awhile and to enjoy . .. the lonely cricket's lilt". . . the pillow clouds pass overhead ... enhanced by noonday sun... and all this wonder makes me feel . . . as though life has begun . for T have locked within my heart . . . this grandeur so divine . . . that makes me feel as though the world ... and all its good are mine. —By Ben Burroughs.

and there you are. If you ask me, it~

EDITOR'S NOTES . . . By Walter Leckrone

Who's to Blame for

‘West Point

Cheating?

IN ALL the fuss about cheating in West Point examinations we haven't heard a word about the examinations themselves nor about the teachers who gave them. What kind of an examination is it where a student

n cheat . .. and pass? Any teacher, and most students, know there can be two kinds of examination. One is a simple memory test, to «determine whether the student has stored away and remembered, at least until examinations are over, a set of facts and figures and dates. Questions like “what year was the Battle of Waterloo?” of “How many rooms in the Pentagon?” or “What is the population of Afghanistan?” Any student with a reasonably good memory—or accesso to a set of notes on his cuff— can readily pass such a test with flying colors, and without actually knowing anything much about the subject. The other kind is designed to determine whether a student does understand the subject he has studied. You can’t cheat on that kind. Either you understand it or you don’t, and no amount of cribbing or helpful whispers from the back row. is’ going to help much.

Ld u ~

WE CAN recall a few profs who gave that kind. There was one in biology, for instance, who would willingly let you have his exam questions the day before. examination. He said, sure, you might look up information you didn’t have at hand, but if you knew where to look that in itself was evidence you ought to pass the course. And besides his examinations were so constructed that if you really understood the subject you could pass them —and if you didn't no amount of looking up facts was going to cover up your ignorance. There were a couple of men in graduate school who could tell in a half-hour chat v-ith a student whether he should, or should not, pass their courses, whether he did, or did not, really know the subject.

= n ”

NATURALLY there could be no cheating in such examinations. Obviously it is harder to construct such a test, and certainly it takes more skill and more

work to grade the papers the students turn in. Also it gives an justivctos some real idea 'of whether a student. does understand his subject—or whether he only has memorized its statistics. Possibly such methods could not be properly applied to children who presumably do have to learn by pure memory, and without reason, certain elementary facts, like “two plus two equals four” and so on. But West Point is no Kkindergarten. It 1s a professional school, almost a graduate school. A considerable number of its students have had one, or two, or more, years of college before they ever enter the academy. = = s ARE THEY still qualifying men for Army command there by stuffing their minds full of memorized statistics? We wouldn't know about that, but the fact that 80 or 90 students seemed to be able to pass examinations by cheating sort of points in that direction. So, as a matter of fact, does the . Army itself, where West Point graduates practice their profession, and where quite a lot of attention is given to learning things ‘by the ‘numbers” without too much regard for whether they are understood or memorized. :

s = THE WORSE offense, it seems to us, was not the cheating in itself, but the breaking of the Academy ‘code of honor” in doing it. If the accused students are guilty of that, then their own characters are shown up as too weak for Army standards, and their expulsion is just. But it may be, once we look at it closely, that the incident has also revealed a basic defect in the teaching methods themselves, at the military academy.

On the face of it, an exam=vy -

ination of a man of college senior standing that can be passed by cheating couldn't have been much of an examsination to start with.

DEAR BOSS . . . By Dan Kidney

What if U.

S. Court

Backs Welfare Stand?

WASHINGTON, Aug. 11—Should the Federal District Court here decide that Federal Security Administrator Oscar R. Ewing was wrong oo ruling out €

$20 million in, grants-in-aid for Indiana

the state get the money at once?

That question is being tossed about here by Justice Department attorneys and the counsel and staff of FSA; The latter advised Mr; Ewing to rule as he did. Now that the case has been brought into court here, the matter is jn the hands ,, of. Edward J. Hickey, head of the claims division under Atty. Gen. J. Howard McGrath.

A preliminary conference on the Indiana case was held between Mr. Hickey and Robert Avers of the FSA counsel's office. Meanwhile, Howard Boyd, who is handling the state's case here for the Washington law firm of Hogan & Hartson, said he thought that instead of any temporary restraining order, which has been asked of the court, the whole case can go to trial at once.

Mr. McGrath

. a question

n 2 5

ORIGINALRY the date set for the‘ hearing was Aug. 20 in the court of Judge Walter M. Bastian, a Republican and outstanding D. C. jurist. Mr. Boyd explained that a check with the court clerk showed that the docket was too crowded at that time, however, and the date now set is Aug. 29. The judge also has

BY J, an O’Donnell

Be niie oh

§ INTERVATI, £ DAIRY:

EXPOSITION

been changed. It will be Judge Burnita Shelton Matthews, the only woman on the bench in the U. 8. District Court-f6f the District of €olumbia. She was ‘an appointee of President Truman; who made the selection upon the recommendation of Mrs. India Edwards, head of the women's division ofthe Democrat National Committee. A native of Mississippi, Mrs. Matthews long practiced law here and was active in all fights for women's rights. She has been on the bench since March, 1950, and lawyers say she is “learning.” It will be long before she can have the legal background of Judge Bastian, but both Indiana and Mr. Ewing still are assured a fair deal in her court, observers say.

= s =

SINCE the Indiana appeal was instituted by a Democrat, Atty. Gen. J. Emmett MecManamon, and brought here by his assistant, Clyde Jones, another Democrat, having for the judge: another Democrat, as is also Mr. Ewing, should keep any partisan politics out of the decision. . Whether - the lady judge holds that Mr. Ewing exceeded his powers in cutting off Indiana funds for the aged, blind and dependent children, or that he did right in ruling that the 1951 Indiana Welfare Publicity Law violates the Social Security Law secrecy provisions, an appeal from her decision is expected. The federal government isn't likely to let the finding stand. Should the judge decide that Mr. Ewing acted “erroneous and erratic” in making the Indiana ruling. Nor is the state likely to give up the effort to get the funds restored which were cut off as of July 20, when the state law which Mr. Ewing held in violation July 31, became effective,

= = =

THE District Court ruling may go through the Court of Appeals or directly to the U. 8S. Supreme Court according to lawyers who have studied the case. It cbuld have been an original action in the Supreme Court were they not in recess for the summer, Two views of what happens to the money, should the dis-

trict judge rule for the state.

against Mr, Ewing, are being advanced here. One is that the Ewing order would be ignored and-the monthly payments of. grants- -in-aid resumed until the Siwi deuisiva Ly We supreme Court. The other view is that the money would be impounded until the final decision is made by the Supréme Court. It’ was . pointed out that this suit is without precedent. Although the insurance provisions of the Social Security law, such as .. old age pensions and survivors insurance,

Court, no cases have been brought governing the pasiie assistance provisions.

Ifare, would

have been tested ‘and upheld by the Supreme .

Eas The

WAS Force will Rep. ices Comn combat, 2 publican 1 go along v Vinso Force str before Ko +Reserve w And not a ‘equipment It wor is getting man says total. Mo estimated instead of July 1 if ef duction suc cent lag in out, Air Force officially 1 must make -—on plane r to give air | safe, uneco large-scale basic design cision may | -—0n wheth superiority bers of pl: keep on t models. ” DON'T F lag of year izing big n getting it J appropriatio --more tha this year fo dose for Cc year And foule machine toc already on straightened solved short other critic: tric power, »

Red Face

REASON stalling In some milita because the: mula for ac without losir Orient. It wi And even af marcation I other erisis question of i national pow ways balkec ting others they do. Reds are when they = ing they fal miles inside i= that woul of buff of the line, informed 80 on our side 1 distanca to ized zone wre Y

Invasion

But here's Fear of F never far fr tary men i this week ©v lumberman, et-held Sakh sian troops extensively parachute ju frequent nig air units an =

Anti-Oati

THERE'S lobbying an against strc force Czech William Oati imprisoned t sentence, Purpose is on Armst which calls | lomatiec brea not, released. Lobbying | ONE—Stal gome secret I soon, and y cart if you fi strong amen TWO-—If : he defeated, make lot of of it, saying care whether THREE start war w amendment don't say | could attack they wanted Ld

Aid Supe

NEW SUI handle foref seems certal houses of C favor idea— by House Fo! mittee, It wi tion from Se House com create new n ministration ministrator; functions of sAministratis plan, now in also co-ord hility on mi] Administrs pay and ran members, §

. job will get

Republican t (like Paul F