Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 15 July 1951 — Page 23

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SUNDAY, JULY"15, 1951

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Thomas Jefferson inT951— Pe

“A Little Rebellio

NOTE: This is the first of a - six-part profile in the Sunday Times covering the little known phases of the life of Thomas Jefferson, author of the Declaration of Independence. The author brings to life, in terms of 1951 issues, the almost legendary figure of one of the greatest of the Founding Fathers, CHAPTER ONE . By J. R, WIGGINS Mansging Editor, The Washington

HOMAS JEFFE dealt with the i

* of freedom and loyalty, so

urgently at issue in our times, from every point of vantage open to the citizen of a republic, * He took part in an active rebellion. As a Governor, he dealt with those suspected of disloyalty. As a party leader, he went through an interlude in which his party was harried by the Alien and Sedition Laws, As a President, he dealt with one active armed rebellion and parried with. an incipient rebellion. We are indebted to him more than to any other American for the expression of this country’s faith in freedom, The Declaration of Independence, the Act to Establish Religious Freedom, and hundreds of lesser state and private papers of Jefferson get forth his philosophy in un--equivocal language. Jefferson, however, was not only a philosopher, He was an extremely practical administrator as well. As a philosopher, he was capable of writing to James Madison as he did on Jan, 30, 1787, this much quoted passage: “I hold it, that a little rebellion, now and then, is a good thing, and as necessary in the political world as storms in the physical. Unsuccessful rebellions, indeed, generally establish the encroachments on the rights of the people, which have produced them. An observation of this truth should render honest republican government so mild in their punishment of rebellions, as not to discourage them too much. It is a medicine necessary for

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Thomas Jefferson. . .

the sound health of government,”

As an administrator, as

* President of the United States,

he was not deterred by this philosophical view: from proceeding with energy to suppress the Burr rebellion and to prosecute those who participated in it. Nor did he neglect steps against the New England separatists of the Embargo period, although it is to be carefully noted that he did not permit either threat to cause him to resort to hysterical or unconstitytional measures. His philosophical dissertation, after all, was not an indorsement of anarchy or a plea for the suceess of every transient revolution uprising, but a.plea for lenience in dealing with those involved in a revolution that failed.

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"a little rebellion . .

. is a good thing."

FBI files, and over Congress and of courts to them, | is Jefferson's special of Jan, 22, 1807, declining to give Congress all the information he possessed on the Burr rebellion.

The

access ol

precantions he took to

safeguard those branded as dis- |

loyal by

“The mass of what I have re- | ceived in the course of these transactions, is voluminous, but little has been given under the sanction of an oath, so as to constitute formal and legal evidence. It is chiefly in the form | of letters, often containing such a mixture of rumors, conjectures, and suspicions, as render it difficult to sift out the real facts . .. | “In this state of the evidence, delivered sometimes, too, under

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the restriction of private confidence, neither safety nor justice will permit exposing the names except that of the principal gotor whose guilt is placed beyond question.” It seems quite clear that Jefferson thought it appropriate for the Executive Department to gather into its files all manner ‘of charges, accusations and information involving alleged treason (just as the FBI has done) and that he was firmly opposed to the release of undigested material falling short of legal evidence. He carried this opposition much further, later on, when he respectfully declined the subpena of the United States Circuit Court and politely. withheld executive papers that counsel for Burr persuaded the court to demand, Cautious as Jefferson was injury to persons

THE INDIAN APOLIS TIMES

against whom disiovalty had not been proven, he was capable of dealing severely with the disloyal. His regime as Governor gives evidence of this.

His proclamation of 1779, banishing Tory refugees from Virginia, pursuant to a resolution of the House of Burgesses, is not much tinctured with mercy. It applied not only to. admitted British subjects, but to all persons outside the 13 States in April, 1775 who had not since come forward to declare their loyalty. An inquiry into the administration of these lovalty oaths might be fruitful. Those out of the country at the Battle of Lexington couldn't even stay in Virginia without taking a loyalty oath, There is another episode of the gubernatorial years that sheds light on Jefferson as philosopher and administrator. Lt.

July 1,

n Is A Good Thing’ _ Sometimes

a British of war

ov, Henry Hamilton, officer, was a prisoner at Williamsburg.

As retaliation for mistreatment of American prisoners he WAS put in irons. After several months he was offered his parole, providing he would agree not to say anything against the United States. He refused to accept parole on those terms and Thomas Jefferson, the advocate of fre: speech, summarily put him back in jail, Jefferson's philosophy, it is apparent, did not go so far as to. extend to a prisoner of war the right to attack the Government of the United States while enjoying that Government's parole. (Copyright,

1051. United Feature

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NEXT: Jefferson investigated gambling in 1776, same time he was writing the Declaration of Independence,

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