Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 7 May 1951 — Page 2
AGE 2.
*
THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES ____
By United Press
WASHINGTON, May. 7- Ex
Arthur's dismissal Gen. Marshall |
have a bref
compels me to appear here this
cerpte from Gen: George UC, Marshall's testimony today before the Senate Armed. Services Foreign Relations Committee in vestigating (ren. Douglas Mag
in any. manner whatever, and. it will oppose the attempt of any nation or regime to shoot its way into the United Nations
Situation Improved After Memorandum
The second instance reterred to
bv Gen. MacArthur, of a supposed
statement to make. but tirst | overruling or veto of the views would like to. observe that it is of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. rea’ very distressing necessity, a lates to The courses of action very distressing occasion, that proposed by the Joint Chiefs of
Staff in a memorandum addressed
morning and in effect mn. almost by them to the Secretary of Dedirect opposition to ae great many fense under date of Jan. 12, 1951. of the views and ‘actionz of Gen. Of. 16 courses of action enumer MacArthur ited in the memorandum. the x wy = “TGHOWING Tour were quoted “by He is a brother Army olficel a oop yyo oavthur=in his testimony man for whom I have tremengots f Mav Br" JE, : 0 Md oh reepespect-as—to—hisariitary- capi mgs rand Ine n SITY now aR bilities and military performances , ooo hiackade of trade with and from all I can learn” as to hina his administration of Japan ‘Prepare now. to impose a naval “...I think it may be helptul yj5.kade of China and place it if, at the outset, 1 make a brief jniq affect as soon as our position preMtminary statement which. 1 jn Rorea is stabilized, or when thimk will clarify some of the we have evacuated Korea, and de-
i3sues raised in the course of your hearings last week From the very beginning of the Korean conflict, down te the pres ent moment, there been no disagreement between the Presi dent, the ‘Secretary of Defense and the Joint Chiefs of Staff that 1 am aware of There have bden. however and continue to be basic differences of judgment between Gen. MacArthur, on the one hand. and the President, the Secretary of Defense, and the Joint Chiefs of “ Staff, on the other- hand In his testimony last week Gen. MacArthur indicated that, in his understanding, there had been at least two instances in which the Joint Chiefs of Staff
has
had been overruled bv the Secretary of Defense or by higher authority.
Denies Overruling Chiefs On Formosa, UN Seat
One of these instances related to the views expressed by the Joint Chiefs of Staff with respect td the disposition of Formosa and the seating of the Communist Chinese government in the United Nations. In his testimony of May 4, Gen. MacArthur suggested that I, as Secretary of Defense, had overruled the Joint Chiefs of Staff in their opposition to turning Formosa over to Communist China and to seating Communist China in the United Nations.
States was to deny Formosa to the seating of the Communist Chinese in the United Nations
from that policy whatsoever. no time have I entertained opinion tha deviation. These two issues were to be excluded from any armistice terms. When the time comes from the negotiation of a settlement of tne conflict in Korea, the questions of Formosa and the seating of the Chinese Communists in the United Nations will undouotedly be raised by other parties to the discussion. The position which the United States has taken in the United Nations in conpection with such negotiations is that this government will not .oppose discussion of these questions. . In such discussions, however, I am confident that the United States will continue to adhere to
the
its ' present position, namely, that it will oppose any settlement of the Korean conflict
which would reward the aggressor
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pending upon circumstances then obtaining “Bemove now restrictions on air reconnaissance of China e¢oastal areas and of Manchuria “Remove now the gestrictions on operations of the Chinese Na tionalist forces and give such logistic support to those forces as will contribute to effective operas tions against the Communists.” At the time this memorandum was prepared. we were faced with the very real possibility of having
to evacuate our torces [from Korea The proposals advanced by the Joint Chiefs of Staff. which 1 have just quoted, were put for ward as tentative courses ol ac tion to be pursued if sand when this possibility came closer to reality 1 transmitted this memorandum to the National Security Council
for its consideration. At about this time, however, the situation in Korea began to show signe of improvement,
None of Proposed Courses Were Vetoed
Gen. Collins (Army Chief of Staff) who, with Gen. Vandenberg (Air Force chief), had left for
Korea to obtain a firsthand view of the situation. reported back from Tokyo on Jan. 17th, stating that he had just returned from Korea where he had found that the 8th Army was in good shape and was improving daily. t Thareafter, the situation of our) forces in Korea continued to im-'
jout February and March our against the enemy. ¢ - As the result of this chagge in
part of January, it became un
the courses of action outlined in! the Joint Chiefs’ memorandum of Jan. 12th. None of these proposed courses of action were vetoed or disap proved by me or by any higher authority. most of them was considered inadvisable in view of the radical change in the situation which originally had given rise to them. Now, as to the basic differences of judgment which exist between Gen. MacArthur on the one hand, ‘and the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Secretary of Defense, and the! President, on the other hand. Our objective tinues to be the defeat of the ag-'
|
gression and the restoration of!
peace. We have persistently sought’ to confine the conflict to Korea and- to prevent its spreading into a third world war.
MacArthur Would. Take Risk of All-Out War
In this effort, we stand allied with the great majority of our fel-low-members of the United Na-
in thwarting the aggressors in Korea, and in stemming the tide of aggression in" southeast Asia land
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Action with respect to:
in Korea con-;
| elsewhere .th#aqughout the! world. |
for the attack
Qur efforts in Korea have given us some sorely needed time and impetus to accelerate the build-
Ing of our defenses and those of our aliies against the threatened onslaught of Soviet imperialism
Gen. MacArthur, on the other#an do is appreciate to .the full
hand. wonld have us, on our own initiative. carry the conflict beyond Kbrea against the mainlana
coming back and tney will return Gen. Marshall I think I under- as a rule with the members of in much larger numbers begin- St8nd What you are trying to get the State Department, or-sent to your : : at, Mr. Chairman. “hai ning the end of this month; but : them and their reaction awaited. Chairman,
The United Nations Security Council passed certain resolutions which ‘related to our course of action in Korea--why we should go in, why we should fight there and then the general statement as to what we were to do, what
we ‘have small choice at ment in the matter
the moand what we the heroism, the endurance the skillful fighting that men are doing ior us
and those
of Communist China,“ both from Now, gentlemen, I am readv to we were to accomplish the sea and from the air. He answer any questions From that over-all resolution, would have us accept the risk of Chairman Richard B. Russell the Chiefs of Staff had the busiinvolvement not only in an exten: {D. Ga.)— Mr. Secretary, this ness of preparing a precise dision of the war with Red China committee went at some length rective, taking into consideration but incan all-out war with thc into the manner of preparing the all the military involvements and
Soviet Union He would have us do this even at the expefise of losing. our: Al-
lies and wrecking the coalition of received his orders directly from free peoples throughout the world, the joint chiers of staff He. wou
attack by the millions of ern Europe \ This fundamental divergence is one of judgment as to the proper course of action to be followed by the United States. This divergence arises from the inherent difference between the po-
Hd have usd -thia—even-like-to-have you exptam though the effect of such action part played bv the United Nations might” expose Western Europe to organization Soviet thereof in troops poised in Middle and Fast tives
directives which apply to the Ko: implications. That directive was
rean theater
forwarded to the Secretary of DeGen. MacArthur testified that-he
fense;: to the ~Natjonal “Security Council, and to the President. I should _“ : : ~rre-Final-Action Taken
abdivision In Security Council
the direc- If it
or’ any preparing
political
discussed
involv ed considerations, it
Indiana's Congress Group Goes Back Home to Vote
Times Washington Bureaw
precise
was
Republicans returning include
sition of a field commander WASHINGTON, May 7 Both gape (Charles A. Halleck. Rens whose mission is limited to a [ndiana Senators and all but|ceiaer: BE Ross Adair. Ft. Wayne particular area and a particular three ot the 11 Congressmen have jon VV. Beamer Wabash: Wil. antagonist. and the position of gone home to vote. fam ©. Brav. Martinsville: Earl the Joint Chiefs of Staff. the Sec- gens. Homer E. Capehart and wilson, Bedford. and Charles B
retary of Defense and the Presi- william E. Jenner left last week dent, who are responsible for the, paficipate in the municipal
United primaries, on the Republican side States. and who, to achieve AnAiD ey ries, p
total security of the
maintain . this security. must; weigh our interests and objectives in one part of the globe with those in other areas of the world sno as to attain the best overall balance
No Other Recourse But to Relieve Him
‘It is their responsibility to determine where the main threat to our security lies, where we must fight holding actions. and where and how we must gain time to grow stronger. On the other hand. the responsibilities and the courses of action assigned to a theater ‘commander necessarily apply to his own immediate area of responsibility. Tt is completely understandable and, in fact, at times commendable that a theater commander should become so wholly wrapped up in his own aims and responsibilities that some of the directives received by him from higher authority are not those that he would have written for himself. There is nothing new about this sort of thing in our military his-
At the time I became Secretary prove and during the latter half tory. What is new, and what has of Defense last September. the of January the enemy forces re-!brought about the necesaity for established policy of the United mained on the defensive. Through-' Gen. MacArthur's removal. is the otates ws: : : Do a poe St el Arch. our wholly unprecedented situation of |. “(Communist China and to oppose forces maintained the Tinitiative’a local theater commander pub-
licly expressing his displeasure at and his disagreement with the
i the military situation trom that forei d military lie p s deviation Y gn and military policy of the There has been no vi At which prevailed during the early United States.
It became apparent that Gen.
t there should be any Pecessary to put into effect all of MacArthur had grown so far out
of sympathy with the established policies of the United States that there was grave doubt as to whether he could any longer be permitted to exercise the authority in making decisions that normal command functions would assign to a theater commander. In this situation, there was no other recourse but to relieve him. As to the question of the specific campaign in Korea; as to the) casualties that are daily occurring there, with our troops. and those of our allies—no one, I believe, is more conscious of them than I am. I realize, though, that the com: mander on the spot, who actually witnesses the casualties. is even more impressed by what is going on. However, “~during “some very painful years. I had a dailv question of casualties from all over the world, and it is an agonizing: procedure. so 1 can tullv under stand the reaction of a commander: in Gen. MacArthur's position, to the struggle in Korea. unless he could clearly see an early and
tions. Our efforts have succeeded | victorious way out.
Explains UN’s Role In Preparing Directives
But there are many other considerations that this government has to take into account: and it becomes the hard dutv of those responsible to consider what is’ the wisest course to follow in
‘such matters
What our troops have done has really been magnificent. Thank
goodness a few of them are now
Mystery Shots Shatter
Window of Home
Police were investigating two shotgun blasts that shattered the front window in the residence of a 47-year-old porter early today. James B. Brown, 713 Locke St..
who works. at the Athenaeum. told policedtwo men knocked on his door, posing as Western Union messengers His wife,
speaking through the door, asked who the telegram was for
When they could give no satjs-
factory answer she refused to open the door When Mr. Brown got out of
bed two shotgun blasts shattered the window. No one was hurt. Mr. Brown told police he had no enemies and had no explanation
Three Sailors Rescued SAN FRANCISCO, May 7 (UP)
| — Three sailors from the Alameda
naval air station were rescued by the Coast Guard yesterday 20 minutes aftér their sailboat capsized in San Francisco Bay.
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Brownson. Indianapolis Rep.’Ralph Harvey, New Castle,
“the President. and then he would
In that nature the final action would be
a major decision of
taken in the Security Council, for which the terms are here in your
own basic law ‘creating that agency : If: the directive . pertained to diregives which are issued!
posal
Yalu
question correctly,
about authorize Gen. MacArthur to institute a procedure
was
-
( or the President.
in
ideleted by censor.)
from week to week almost day to da) from the Chiefs of Fare goes ta the Secretary of Pefense, and by him to fhe President “Normally: the Secretary of Deéfense would concur or state his disagreements. . It would go to
or sometimes that proposal
indtcate whether or not he approved -.. . * Not all of them go to the National Security Council unless they are basic directives ..". (in that case) the matter is studied bv a’senior staff of that council. on which is a representative of the Defense Department, a representative of the State Department, and a representative of the council itself , , .
Sen. Russell—What is the point of contact between the Security Council and the United Nations? Would that be the Secretary of State”? Gen. Marshall—That would be
—— ———"
~ ~
FR anklin 4411
Ayres will pen at
10:00 A. M. Tomorrow, May 8
Primary Election Day
MONDAY, MAY 7, 1951
portant Excerpts From Gen. Marshall's Testimony
Gen. Marshall—If I und®rstand That was considered, concurred Mr. in ‘by mé—as a matter of fact 1 initiated had urgently recommended {it— in the Joint Chiefs of Staff a pro- and was concurred in by the Sec- & to'retary of State and approved by The Secretary of _ State was directed to take that the air yp with the 13 nations involved called “hot pursuit,” which meant with us in fighting. that our planes could follow theirs voted solidly against.it, so for the
[for a stated distance over the time being we (about 1750 words River into Manchuria.
2s
They
eh
Leader Kenneth Wherry (R. Neb.)
men from Indiana left for home yesterday. They are Reps. Madden, Gary, and Winfield K. Denton, Evansville
lives on a farm so cannot vote in
: town. As a member of the House They missed the last Senate Agriculture Committee, he helped {roll call attempt of Minority today in the questioning of Price
Director Michael DiSalle regard-
The. two Democratic Congress- per cent parity. Two other Republicans remainRay Covington, and Shepard Crumpacker Jr. Sotuh Bend.
the Secretary of State.
13 UN Members Vote Against China Flights
to open the MacArthur hearings ing beef ceilings. The whole meat sen. Russell — Do vou know to the press and public. It lost industry is opposed to them. al- whether or not the United Na2! to 37. though they give the farmer 132 tions organization made any
specific recommendation as to the imposition of a naval blockade an ing here are Reps. Cecil Harden. China and the bombing of ManJ. churian bases, or did that originate within the Security Council?
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For Fan Continued “don, capture Chinese,” sai us-a very go we still don’ fighting for.” He hoped t but “that dey cans getting Korea. Amer rats.” He ui in touch with ment and ‘t opinion heard Afterward Aa private | He'd been wit taken: prisone “When I ge his wife, “I'll missed. I'm electric roast want you to key you can ‘Write “Write Cor we don't wan people. Whe will have a s can think abc and chocolat awful war. but it's up t ment whethe Next a priv “Don’t wor along good. be took out are good h like us. We and kill ther has all the in the Army got things n it's a shame. A corporal : “Dear Sis: a package of and smokes here. It's cc ‘warm up soo doing the bes a real effort conditions. are many pe I sure hope = A lieutenar lina (who dic accent) — “Dear Mot! getting along a warm build and enough t captured 1'd | Chinese docto and now I « well as evel when I get | look for a sn Hope the wa When it is, I peace.” That was Youngs turne “None of o sajd. “Yon several of ou help wonderi: {s cared for never mentio
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