Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 19 October 1950 — Page 26

A Sone HORAD NEWSEAPHR

=~ ROY W. HOWARD WALTER 1 LECKRONE HENRY W. MANZ President - Business Manager

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Parcel Post Rates :

AST YEAR, Postmaster General Donaldson tried unsuccessfully to persuade Congress to raise postal rates.

Now, acting by authority of a law passed in 1925, he

has asked the Interstate Commerce Commission. to approve a $105 million increase in parcel post rates. That, Mr. Donaldson says, is needed to make parcel post service self-sustaining and reduce the $550 million annual Post Office deficit. His request should be granted. Parcel post, when in-augurated-in 1913, was limited to packages weighing not more than five pounds. Since then Congress has boosted the weight limit, by steps, to 70 pounds.

» ” Ld ’ » ” ”

AS ONE RESULT, the Post Office finds itself doing a tremendous freight business which it is poorly equipped to handle, and which accounts for the largest part of an almost four-fold increase since 1938 in total bulk and poundage of mail. As another result, the privately owned Railway Express Agency has lost so much business to the Post Office that it has had to discharge more than 37,000 employees in the last four years. The new rates sought by Mr. Donaldson would include extra charges for large packages and for those weighing more than 50 pounds, thus discouraging shipment of freight through the mails and enabling the Post Office to give better service on other classes of postal matter: nn. wen IT IS reasonable and fair that users of the service should pay what it cost the government to deliver their parcels. What is unreasonable and unfair is the attitude of Congress which, while complaining of the postal deficit's size, denounces Mr. Donaldson's efforts to reduce that deficit by curtailing service, but balks at voting rate increases adequate to cover Post Office costs.

Suggestion to India

IR BENEGAL RAU, India’s delegate to the United Nations, has revived the familiar proposal that the Big Four—the foreign ministers of the United States, Britain, France and Russia-——meet in special session to ease international tension. This suggestion probably is advanced in good faith, with expectation that such a meeting might accomplish something. But it overlooks some very recent and unhappy" history. There were frequent meetings of the Big Four immediately after the war. Nothing was settled at any of them, unless it was to Russia's satisfaction, In the few instances in which the Soviets promised concessions, such as the independence of Poland and the holding of free elections in Bulgaria and Hungary, they were not fulfilled. » . » : » s » MEETINGS of the Big Four were abandoned because they were contributing to, rather than easing, world tensions. It would be more helpful if Sir Benegal would suggest the concessions which he, as a neutral, believes should be made by the respective powers to resolve the various conflicts which threaten world peace. : But the proper place to present such a peace program would be in the open forum of the United Nations—not behind the closed doors of a meeting of hand-picked diplomats. India has the same responsibility as the United States or Britain in resolving these conflicts, for they concern all mankind.

A » » . ” .

THE United States occupies its present unenviable po-

sition in relation to Russia only because this country is the .

major obstacle in the path of Communist aggression. This

position was not of our choice. It‘was forced upon us while

we were in process of seeking the same settlement of the world’s problems which India seeks now. : Possibly, if India accepts a larger share of responsibility in word affairs, that country, too, may find there can be no real neutrality when the choice becomes one between right and wrong, between good and evil.

Sudge Robert C. Baltzell oi

RECORD that will live long in the history of justice in Indiana was left hy Judge- Robert C. Baltzell, who died here yesterday.

His 25 years’ service as judge of the Southern Indiana

District Federal Court gave to Indiana a reputation of fair

mindedness in settlement of legal disputes among its people. Although his decisions at times might have seemed . “hard-boiled” to some, his record of fairness was never. questioned. Most of his decisions in highly controversial matters weré upheld by. the higher courts of the United States. It will be difficult for any successor to match his record as a jurist.

Pal Joey—Again

Jes 8 too bad the people in other Soviet satellite countries n't be told about how quickly Moscow loses interest in wo; #friends” when they are in trouble. A For instance, when things were going well for the Reds in Korea, 39 per cent of all foreign news coverage in Russian newspapers was alloted to the Korean War. But, now that final United Nations victory seems near, Russian press forgo of the war has been reduced to 16 per cent of :

Stalin it a great guy to 0 have on winning. But, when

i aa RET an dates. $ A Year, day 3 exica, 3 1 2% " Ed 0c 8 ROPE

_ 1 political target.

‘Pays Dividends.

Helps’ Build Stockpile

Of Strategic Materials Bee

' WASHINGTON, Oct. 19—The Marshall Plad is beginning to pay the nation dividends in an _ operation which has been a blg headache since the start of the Korean War~—the stockpiling of strategic materials,

Using for the most part foreign currencies’

which entail no additional outlay of American taxpayers’ dollars, the Economic Co-operation Administration (ECA) has purchased $64 million worth of strategic materials since the Marshall Plan went info eifect ip i948. In addition, it has used $13.9 million in fozeign currencies to help finance a $2023 million m which is developing sources of strategie materials throughout the world,

Paying Expenses . THESE foreign currencies come from the counterpart fund — money h ECA beneficlary nations dre required to put on deposit

in amounts matching the ECA grants they get."

Ninety-five per cent of this counterpart fund is used to help rebuild the country, with the other five per cent allocated to Uncle 8am to pay ECA expenses abroad and to buy scarce materials. Biggest purchases. under the ECA program have been of rubber—$27.6 million worth, most of it from the United Kingdom. We've also bought $7.1 million worth of sisal; $5.3 million worth of industrial diamonds: ; 45 million worth of bauxite, used in making Aluminum; and varying amounts of palm oil,’ graphite, platinum, iead, sperm oll, quinidine, cryolite and fluorspar ~the latter two items are uséd in making aluminum, Bince the Korean War started, ECA has more than doubled its strategic materials program. It has earmarked more than $138 million in this fiscal year for materials purchases, and will spend foreign funds equivalent to more than $70 million for mining projects in the overseas territories of France and Great Britain, and in the Belgian Congo, Greece and Germany.

Bauxite Project 80 FAR, ECA has concentrated on develop-

ing sources of bauxite, lead and zine, It has

spent $11 million on a bauxite project in British Jamaica, and $9.5 million on lead and zine projects in French Morocco and Sweden, Other projects are developing sources of in. dustrial diamonds in French equatorial Africa; tin in the Belgian Congo; zinc and cadmium in Italy; nickel in French New Caledonia, and cobalt in British New Rhodesia. = * "ECA officials like to emphasize that their strategic materials program has a double benefit to American taxpayers. First, of course, there is the use of, part of the money appropriated by Congress for the primary purpose of reconstructing Europe’s economy. Thus, Europe is benefitted and America gets strategic mate rials it needs out of the same kitty.

Cheaper Exchange BUT the second benefit ja almost as important. It is that strategic materials bought with counterpart funds are cheaper than if they were bought with dollars,

For example, the U. 8. can buy $100,000

worth of a critical material with $100,000 worth of Italian lire. But it couldn’t trade $100,000 in Italian lire for 100,000 actual U. 8. dollars, And, in the meantime, our dollars are buying. other things we need in other countries.

ECA heads acknowledge that their strategic.

materials program won't come anywhere fear meeting the nation’s stockpile goal by itself. But they point out if there had been no Marshall Plan we might not be as far Along as we are,

GREAT NEWS

Her eyes were brightly shining and . : . her lips were wet like dew . . . her cauntehance reflected that . . . of what she spoke was true . her being was surrounded by . . : a holy tinted - glow , . , for she was in the hands of God . . . and wanted me to know . ; . she said that I was soon to be... at that moment eve + « « Acemed loving meek and mild . . . the world took on an amber glow... and I danced on a cloud ... and in a matter of a wink , . . I shouted long and loud «+. then as I held my love so tight . . . and told her not to fear ... I knew at last true happiness , . . for Heaven wag so near. By Ben Burroughs.

‘TIS SAID

e nice thing about reading the memoirs of a celebrity is learning all about the other celebrities. Then you consider yourself not such

a poor fish after all, 5 ~—B. C., Indianapolis

TAFT-HARTLEY LAW ... By Fred W. Perkins

Labor Sparks Issue

WASHINGTON, Oct, 19—The CIO has ‘started 2 drive to keep its fight against the Taft-Hartley Law fresh in the minds

of voters in the congressional elections Nov, 7.

Union political leaders have shown fears that this law was fading as an issue because of the Korean War, A claim that it actually had disappeared has been made by Sen. Robert A. Taft

(R. 0.), organized labor's No,

28 La THE CIO's effort to revive

or strengthen the -issue was .

the father of 2 child... and

has continued to grow during the past three years and is now at an all-time peak.

CHARGE: The law has borne

MOBILIZATION .

. By Douglas Larsen

Armed Reserve Defects Shown

WASHINGTON, Oct. 19—Korea has shown some drastic defects in the reserve structure of the services. And with a big mobilization continuing after victory in Korea the inequities and shortcomings of the reserve components of U. 8. armed forces will be even more glaring. It has always been the theory that the country should maintain a small regular force in time of peace and call on civilian reserves in time of war. That theory is being junked in fact by the present build-up of all of the services. And they're looking for a new theory and new rules to cover the existence. of a very large peace-time military force with probably total mobilization in case of war. The present reserve force consists of the National Guard, whose complicated legal status makes it a half state, half federal force and the

active reserves who are wholly under Uncle,

Sam. The inactive reserves occupy a sort of shadowy legal status. :

Future Needs. e THE ACTIVE reserve corps which each service, including the Coast Guard, maintains, has the sounidest legal basis for future needs. It can be made adequate merely by improving recruiting, training and leadership. There have been the widest differences betwen organized reserve units as ta their state of preparedness. The standard generally hasn't been high. Pentagon spokesmen admit that the active reserves fell far short of meeting the need for infantry replacements in Korea. That doesn't mean that the reserves were expecied to furnish

' ‘men direct to the front lines. Obviously a reserv-

ist has to have additional training before going into combat. But the average active reserve unit was not constituted so as to even supply men quickly to get the further training needed before combat. However, it is the National Guard which has the top brass worried. In a mobilization which is short of all-out war, the guard just isn’t filling the bill. According to a top Army spokesman there are so many considerations involved in calling a National Guard outfit into active duty it's easier to ignore the guard completely and

just gamble that you can build up new regular —

forces quickly though,

SIDE GLANCES

The situation in Europe is cited-by the Army spokesman as a typical example of the difficulties in using ihe guard. After a guard unit is called up it takes months of additional training before it is ready.for any specific job such as would be requirtd of it in Europe today. And the cost of equipping it and sending it overseas is enormous.

Sacrifice Service THEN the $64 guestion is asked. How long can you keep a guard unit on active duty? Basically, every National Guardsman is a civiliah. Every month he is in service is a sacrifice to him. The theory is that a man agrees to accept that sacrifice when he goes into the guard, but the morale factor enters into the’ picture. Say you have an Ohio guard division in Germany for more than a year. Pretty soon you get the Ohio men asking why they can’t come home and let the New York guard serve some time in

If the pressure for sich & switch gels great training and

Te A go out of one unit is a little more than a or s active duty, Thus it becomes cheaper to create more units. On of that, the Army authority explains, aftera National Guard unit is relieved of active duty it ceases to exist. It does not automatically go back to the state in its former status. The men are veterans of the U, 8. Army with no more obligation to the Then, of course, if the state wants to reinstate its guard stre it must start all over from scratch, Tecruiting, training and equipping. Can't Count on Guard IT BOILS DOWN to the fact that the Pentagon planners don’t think that they can count on the guard to add strength to the regular Army in any kind of a mobilization that is short of

war. And that is just the situation—a big mo-

bilization to prevent war—that they have

"planned for the U. 8. for the next 10 years or so.

Obviously something is going to have to be done about the situation or it will mean calling up millions of veterans, which the experts agree, is unfair.

By Galbraith

younge: and have physical h e Hera we have older people. who have no ‘handicaps, are able to work, yet cannot get suitable’ employment. There has to be a war or a grave emergency, -then the employer is glad to get help regardless of age. Mr, Truman

system. The older person is just “the forgotten man.” Not everyone is covered by social security or assured of a pénsion. Many people who should have and deserve some sort of security are not protected in any way against the insecurities of life. ft iz high time that some of the old employers see the way of their errors and give anyone a chance to work regardless of age.

‘Blight of Billboards’ By Elizabejh Hood Traveling through Indiana, I was greatly impressed with the beauty of the countryside where stretches of Route 40, unmarred by ugly billboards, permitted enjoyment of the natural landscape. But even as I rejoiced in the hope that an enlightened Highway Department and a sympathetic government were building a monument of lasting beauty and usefulness in. the new construction along this great artery. The Times carried the news of Gov, Schricker’s a at the unveiling of a big signboard of the proposed Dodge plant. To what indignities must our public servants be subjected next? Not only is a time-honored ceremony desecrated, and 4 great enterprise cheapened, by this mockery, but the official sanction apparently accorded augurs ill for the preservation of Indiana's natural heritage. The which 18 smothering New Jersey and other” eastern states is pushing westward, May you find a way fo apeest it before it is too late. .

‘Let's Pull Together’ By Henry W. Dubois

Every American business and labor executive knows that every increase in wages means higher cost of production—and higher consumer prices. Control of prices cannot be achieved with. out control of wages. Therefore, we must appeal to the best in labor and management to mutually adjust extreme difficulties without the strike weapon, The five roads to happiness are sacrifice, service, forgiveness, charity and humility. Let's all sacrifice now, Let's all pull together and save our country from chaos.

What Others Say— I RETURN to my home community anxious to be of service to my people and my country. I feel that I have many years of service to

give, and hope that I am permitted, with the

help of God, to look only to the future.— Andrew May, former Kentucky Representative, upon his release from Federal prison.

SINCE Alaska is one of the country’s first

_ lines of defense against Russia, failure to curb

the alcoholic beverage traffic in the territory is to invite another Pearl Harbor.—Mrs. D. Leigh Colvin, president of the WCTU.

THE U. 8. sold Asia down the river at Yalta while under the influence of beverage alcohol.— Dr. Caradine Hooton, executive secretary of the Methodist Board of Temperance.

OOH, he (Vice President Alban Barkley) smacked me right on the mouth, It was just grand.—Yolande Betbeze, “Miss America of 1950.”

THE very essence of constitutional freedom of press and of speech is to allow more liberty than the good citizen will take.—Supreme Court

_ «Justice Robert Jackson,

STEEL PRODUCTION . . . By James Daniel

‘Gray’ Market Rises

WASHINGTON, Oct. 19—The hope of some months ago that the United States could superimpose a giant defense program on top of the civilian economy without seriously interfering with the flow of consumer goods, i8 being put to the test right now in steel, And it doesn’t seem to be working out as well as planned, ‘Although defense orders are taking only a small part of the nation’s iron and steel output, the gray market is flourishing in this field. Manufacturers of . many items containing steel are complaining to their Congressmen and to the Commerce Department.

steel shortage to buying by large users in anticipation of future shortages. Inventory controls are counted on to » help cut dow such hoarding,

‘embodied in a lengthy letter from CIO General Counsel Arthur J. Goldberg te all CIO organizations, - Mr. Goldberg made nine specific charges of harm done to organized labor by this law, £ - - . THE charges, with replies that have been made to them

. by Taft-Hartley supporters in

Congress, follow: Charge: The law has led to revival of Sovernment by injunction; of 37 injunctions obby the National Labor Relatiots Board (NLRB) General Counsel, 36 have been directed against unions. Reply: Some of the injunctions were in emergencies threatening the national wel-

fare. All were issued by fed- -

eral courts which refused as many as they eda the government can obtain

. CHARGE: It ar claimed the law would prevent strikes, Tus Sntrary has been the

Labor Co

out union predictions that it

would chisel away Wagner Act protection against employer

". discrimination and firings.

Repiy: No charge has been made that the NLRB has not given fair hearings to diserimination complaints, whether they were directed against emloyers or unions. = Charge: Taft-Hartley unionsecurity provisions were draft. ed on the assumption that employees were the unwilling captives of unions. Unions have won more than 87 per cent of the 38,000 union-security elections. Reply! The "uselessness of

. such elections has been recog-

nized. They would be dropped if the administration and orlabor would support

ganized “the Taft amendments adopted ay the Senate last year and

then pigeonnoled in the Hause mmittee.

DOPR. 1960 BY NEA SERVICE, WNC. T.M. REG. U. & PAT. ¢ "What kind of people are the Triibys awywayl They're always ; out of sugar the same time | am!"

So.

15 give “squal Tights

3

designed _ to employers,” though in fact it has permitted

Reply: It is admitted these ~ provisions should be improved when a better method is found. But most emergency strikes have been settled eventually

under the law, and in most

STEEL. company officials

“are making’ spesches against

gray marketeers. One of them, Hiland G. Batchelleg,-chairman of Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corp., calls the gray market the “red market.”

* “1 believe that steel going:

into red marketeers’ hands would do us less harm if Wwe Shipped it to Stalin himself, ” he said Despite harsh words, however; the gray market continues and expectations here are that it will get worse, . = ON THE basis of funds appropriated for defense, there is no reason as yet for a steel

- The Defense Department has put defense requirements for steel in the fourth quarter of 1950 at 765,000 tons, fin-

ANOTHER cause, they say, is the large output 6f certain lines of consumer goods. The automobile industry used 10.9 ‘million tons of finished steel in 1949. In the first six months of this year, the indus-

try consumed 7.1 million tons.

Credit controls on new autos

are counted on to shut off this

pressure on the steel supply. Meanwhile, the National Production Authority is readying an order which will give defense order status to steel

partment is reported likely to ask the same privilege for the petroleum ndumry, . SUCH orders as these,

though not directly for military

available for civilian goods. are reasons why an other war need not cut as

deeply as World War II did

into the civilian steel supply. Our steel capacity is now 25 per cent greater than it was in 1940, much of the equipment is newer and a considerable expansion is under way. Also, ships and plants built in World

War II are is avaliable, ON the other hand, World

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