Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 17 July 1950 — Page 12

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Not MacArthur's Fault PRESIDENT TRUMAN met the Korean crisis “superbly” and it is not his fault that American prestige has been “seriously compromised” there, according to Harold L. Ickes, who seems to have succeeded Henry A. Wallace as commentator on world affairs for the New Republic Magazine. Regarding the President's part in this, we agree. But in respect to some other points, no. : “Old Ick” contends the Red attack caught Gen. MacArthur “flatfooted,” after our position had been weakened by Secretary Acheson's “we love Korea, we love it not, isy-petal-pulling” policy. o Sai8Y Yaa) yor that Ger: MacArthur was responsible for the deferise of Korea and should have been prepared for the attack. That was not the case. Gen. MacArthur has had nothing to do with Korea for more than two years. He had not been consulted by Washington on any issue outside Japan for much longer than that, until he was ordered into Korea after the fire had started. Then he was given only a few hours to meet an attack the Reds had been preparing for three years. » ” ” » » - SECRETARY ACHESON had a “daisy-petal-pulling” policy in Korea—the Ickes description is apt. President Truman was saddled with that policy until the shooting began. : The President pushed the button that reversed Mr. Acheson's “wait and see” policy. But wars aren't won by pushing buttons. As one of Gen. MacArthur's officers said, after a bad night in the rice paddies, “You can't stop ‘tanks with 30-caliber carbines.” : Washington was warned more than three years ago “that the Reds were organizing an army to invade South Korea. This warning was repeated at frequent intervals. ‘But we made no plans to defend Korea. The troops we ‘trained there were intended solely for internal security. In February, 1948, a member of Congress asked Gen. Marshall, then Secretary of State iwhether we could defend Korea against the Communists if the Reds captured North ‘China and Manchuria. Gen. Marshall replied that, under those circumstances, our position “would not be tenable.” . » » = » » 3 THE decision to abandon China to the Reds carried _ . with it the abandonment of Korea. And Mr. Ickes can accept some responsibility for that. He was a charter member of the “get out of China” crowd. But now that his arm-chair strategy has backfired, he is taking a powder, while Gen. MacArthur and his brave men strive heroically to salvage something from a debacle for which the diplo“mats and politicians are wholly to blame. ; If the views of Gens. MacArthur and Wedemeyer had pr , China would not have been lost, Manchuria “would have been placed under a United Nations trusteeship, and Korea would not be under attack. But, while shop-worn politicians with a yen to get back into the spotlight are second guessing our hard-pressed ‘military men, it behooves the rest of us to get busy and meet the crisis at hand. 2 ». ¥ » = . AH THE real danger is not that we are confronted by a possible “Dunkirk” in Korea, but that the next Red attack will be aimed at a more vital spot, perhaps even at the United States itself. We are miserably prepared to meet an invasion, if one should cone. And only a fool would rule out that possibility. The beating we have been taking in Korea reveals our lack of adequate preparation for any kind of a war. Our tanks have been not only outnumbered but outgunned. The inexperienced troops we have been forced to send into battle haven't had enough training to enable them to distinguish between our own and the enemy's artillery fire. We have been trusting to wonderful new weapons ‘which turn out to be mostly blueprints. We need real weapons and well-trained men to use ‘them, and we may have very little time in which to get them. :

We should not waste a minute of the time we have.

Land of the Utes

Federal Court of Claims has held that the government owes $31,700,000 to the Ute Indian tribes of . Western Colorado and East Utah in settlement of an ancient . land dispute. The land concerned is mostly mountainous. When the first white men ventured into the Rockies, they found the Utes living there and fiercely resentful of the paleface intruders. But the advance of so-called civilization could not be halted by the red men's primitive methods of resistance. By 1868, such Utes as remained alive were pacified. ind that year the government at Washington, by solemn treaty, set aside 15 million acres of the vast area once all theirs to be their home forever, ) y ® » s = = EVEN then, however, it was becoming known that the tains contained vast mineral wealth. Soon the governit bought back 4 million acres of the land, to be opened vel it, and since 1891 Uncle Sam has simply taken pr the last 15 years a Washington attorney, Ernest ‘of Claims victory he has just won will mean ‘and when Congress appropriates money to pay

AGE 10 L Monday, July 17, 1060

- nearly at capacity in the there

Fears War mn

She'll Ask Colleagues

To Stay in Session WASHINGTON, July 17—DEAR BOSS: Rep. Cecil M. Harden, Covington, Republican national committeewoman from Indiana, will take the floor in the House today and urge her colleagues to keep Congress in continuous session throughout the Korean crisis. She will point out that this may be the prelude to World War III and “the possible destruetion of the world as we know it.” :

to its responsibilities, forego all plans for adJournment and agree to stay on the job continuously until both victory and lasting peace are in our grasp. “I, for one, do not wish to entrust this job entirely to the executive branch of our govern- - ment. Rather, I believe that we, as the elected representatives of our people, must stay on the job to make sure that everything which must be done is done,

‘Personal Sacrifice’ : “IT WILL INVOLVE a personal sacrifice on our part. Some of us may lose seats in this body because of our inability to return home to campaign for re-election. But the life of a single American soldier is far, far more important than a dozen seats in Congress, and I propose that we cast personal comfort and ambition aside and stay on the job here in Washington.” Such a speech shows how close Korea seems now: Last January it was so far away that a $60 million bill for Korean aid lost in the House by a single vote. That vote might have been cast by Rep. Andrew Jacobs, Indianapolis, who was the only Indiana Democrat who joined with Mrs, Harden and her ‘GOP colleagues in the House in turning thumbs down on it, Mr, Jacobs still maintains that they were right. He cites the position of Gen. Douglas MacArthur at the time; who maintained that defending Korea was strategically impossible for the U.S. A, Gen. MacArthur told that personally to Sen. William E. Jenner (R. Ind.) when he visited his Tokyo headquarters last December, Secretary of State Dean Acheson, however, considered the defeat of the Korean aid bill a bad blunder so far as administration foreign policy was concerned. “This action,” he declared Jan. 20, “if not quickly repaired, will have the most far-reach-ing adverse effects upon our foreign policy, not only in Korea but in many other areas of the world. : “It has been fundamental to our policy that, In those areas where a reasonable amount of American aid can make the difference between the maintenance of national independence and Its collapse under totalitarian pressure, we should extend such aid within a prudent assessment of our capabiliti®y,

‘Matter of Record’

“THE AMERICAN people understand this policy and have supported extending aid in such circumstances; the success of such aid is a matter of public record.” At that time several GOP Senators and Congressmen were shouting for aid to Formosa. So Secretary Acheson combined the Korean aid with that for the Chinese Nationalists on Formosa and the bill passed the House 240 to 134. Voting against passage were Republican Reps. Charles A. Halleck, Ralph Harvey and Mrs. Harden. Rep. Earl Wilson, the fourth Hoosier Republican in the House, was absent. All the Indiana Democrats but Mr. Jacobs voted for it. In his weekly recorded broadcast in Indianapolis, Mr. Jacobs now points out that it is quite probable that we will be driven out of Korea, Here is what he said: “There is no need mincing words, we are at war. Those folks who thought that the Korean situation was an incident that could be settled ‘before breakfast’ must revise their thinking. Neither I, nor anyone else, know how the battle for Korea will terminate, It is not beyond the realm of possibility, or, in my opinion, probability, that we will be unable at this time, to hold the Korean péninsula. This does not mean that we will not ultimately triumph. I firmly believe we will. But it is high time that many folks who have talked so long and so loud about other folks wanting something for nothing begin to realize that this is a mortal contest and that it cannot be won without sacrifices upon the part of all.

‘Business as Usual’ “IT SEEMS to be one thing for folks to castigate someone else and say that they want something for nothing and the same folks want business, wages and profits as usual, while expecting a victory which cannot be purchased for a song. ’ “It is not my purpose to be an alarmist. I have a deep and abiding faith in the ability of the American people to face the truth. In fact, 1 think the American people are at their best when the going is tough and they are given the facts.”

ARE WE READY? . . . By John Love

Industrial Capacity Up ~~ 1100

Knudsen yet in Washington to stimulate our production for defense. Perhaps

WASHINGTON, July 17--There is no Bill

there is no need for one.

The differences are still great between the America of today and that of 10 years ago. The job of shifting over from a peacetime economy would not be what it was in June, 1040, and the

months which followed. (The excitement of our entrance into the war in December, 1941, was

War I, Mr.

hi i-g h of course, but it was not the tools. same shock to “We'd

industry as the effects of the sweep of

“Yes, sajd.

day, France.) » One of the >

reatest difg Mr. Knudsen... tween now Flans are set and then is“to be found in the rates of operation of our industrial machine. In 1940 we had about 8 million unomployed, today we have about 3 million. The poulation is greater, besides and more experienced in the work of war production.

» J » INDUSTRY in 1940 was running at probably threefourths of capacity of the existing plants. Today our physical production is about 60 per cent greater. Though it is

about it. has a

would be.

the file,

of Cleveland, who had worked on machine tools Knudson asked him to come down to Washington and again take charge of

like to think that over,” Mr. Einig replied. of course,” “I'll hang on the line.” Mr. Einig was there the next

TODAY, inquiry by representatives of the machine-tool — industry in~ Washington finds nobody particularly cencerned

For one thing, the industry a far greater capacity than it did then and there are ~ a great many more tools in existence, For another, its executives know what the task‘

orders have been alloted and plants could take them out of

All this without any consideration of whether the haszards ‘of today compare with those of 1940. As for iron ore, in June,

SMOOTHER RELATIONS . .

. By Peter Edson

AEC Chairman Is Career Official

WASHINGTON, July 17-—Behind President Truman's appointment of 44-year-old lawyer Gordon Dean as chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission there is an interesting background. It deals with how the AEC has been getting on with its work in what has been called its “radioactive squirrel cage.” Mr. Dean's appointment came as pretty much of a 4 surprise to all but those on the i inside who helped him get the job. Aside from two years In U. 8. Naval Intelligence serv-. ice, Gordon Dean's 20-year career has been entirely in the legal profession. He has been law professor, Department of Justice attorney and public relations man for Justice Robert H. Jackson in prosecuting Nazis at the Nuremberg trials. % From 1940 to 1943 Mr. Deanyir; 8% -- OF was in private law practice in , Washington. He was a partner of Sen. Brien McMahon of Connecticut, chairman of the Congressional Joint Committee on Atomic Energy. Sen. McMahon naturally supported Mr. Dean's original appointment to the commission in May, 1949 and his elevation to the -chairmanship, They had also served together in the Department of Justice Criminal Division.

Can Use Legal Talent

THE ATOMIC Energy Commission can use good legal talent. It has a complex law to administer, and many legal contracts. Its first chairman, David E. Lilienthal, was educated as A lawyer, But he had some years in engineering and public administration on Tennessee Valley Authority before he was made head of AEC.

Chairman Dean who succeeds him had no scientific or engineering experience until he was appointed to AEC by President Truman. The first year of any AEC member's time is spent largely in finding what it’s all about. For instance, New York engineer and industrialist Thomas E. Murray, appointed to the commission last March, has spent nearly all his time since then in visiting AEC's many installations. He'll take up his duties in Washington one of these days, perhaps as well informed as any commissioner on AEC’'s work. Of the other commission members, Dr. Henry DeWolf Smyth, author of the Smyth report, is a scientist serving a one-year term, Sumner T. Pike, industrialist and financier, is senior meniber of the commission, and has just been confirmed for a new four-year term. But be-

SIDE GLANCES

in World

Knudsen

IF this were 1940, a place where another Knudsen would

- scientific knowledge.

COPR. 1950 SY MEA SERWCE NC. (TL. AEC. 8. PAL. OFF.

“Whosver he was, he seemed very nice! | told him | was Mrs. Jones and | came to the convention with you— then he hung up!”

cause of recent difficulties with a few Senators, he could not be appointed chairman.

Mere Elimination

GORDON DEAN was therefore almost the only experienced commissioner available for appointment as chairman, by a mere process of elimination. As chairman, Mr. Dean is expected to produce smoother relations with Congress, and with the armed services. Former Chairman Lilienthal and Vice Chairman Pike have chafed a good bit under both. They felt that reporting to the Atomic Energy, Appropriations, Military Affairs and even Un- American Activities Committees took so much time it handicapped their work on § 7 developing the atomic energy Mr. Pike... rogram itself. P Also. both Lilienthal and Chafed a bit Pike had strong views on keeping AEC a civilian agency and concentrating on development of civilian uses of atomic energy. Chairman Dean is expected to go along a little closer with Department of Defense ideas. He is known to share the views of ex-AEC Commissioner Lewis L. Strauss on tighter security and restrictions on shipments of isotopes abroad.

No Startling Ideas

CHAIRMAN DEAN'S several speeches of the past year—which he has written himself— have revealed no startingly new ideas. He has analyzed the four main problems of the Atomic Energy Commission as follows: ONE: Civilian vs. military control. TWO: Greater secrecy vs. declassification of

THREE: . Concentration on peace-time or military applications of atomic ‘energy. FOUR: Government monopoly vs. private industrial development. He is regarded in Washington as a career official whose ambition to make a good record may overcome any lack of capacity for one of the biggest jobs in government. He still has his reputation to make in the way of new contributions to atomic policy. As 4 matter of fact, the atomic energy program is now _so extensively mapped out for the next few years that a lot of big new ideas may not be required. More than at any other time in its short four-year history, the principal work of the Atomic Energy Commission is to carry out the policies and blueprints already on its books.

rking on a shoestring, and not to any. fault in basic strat-

: ¢ IN THE nature of the situation, the forces headed by the United States must remain on

itary advantage which might be gained. And Russia's own forces probably will not be committed except as a mopping-up operation after the issue has been pretty well decided by the military action of her satellites, and by the moral and military influence of Communist groups working within the respective countries marked for annexation, Against this, the West must mobilize its moral and economic power in an utterly affirmative effort, in redemption of past short-sighted and short-term moves for unilateral advantage.

‘What Is the Price?’

By One of Many, City Ap Ever notice how people change as soon as the unexpected happens? When the Reds opened their attack on China everybody was against American intervention. Then suddenly Korea came. Everybody turned to everybody else and asked, “How come we didn't stop the Reds in China?” Seems as though the price was too big in those days to stop the Reds in China. What will be the price to stop the Reds in Korea, and maybe later, if we have to kick them out of China? !

‘Why Wait for Attack?’ By D. L. W,, City : Ever since I can remember, we have been fighting Europe's battles. I think it is time for us to do something about it. If there is any danger of foreign countries

*

attacking us, why wait until they do?

=» I can remember the first world war and I have read enough history to know something of the wars previous to them. I cannot remember once, when We were the attackers. If the people who are fighting in Korea now

are Communists, directed by Russia, why waste

all the time and lives of our boys over there already? Send them some support if they are fighting for democracy and preservation of our country. If they are fighting for Korea, we are repeating history by still fighting the battles

of someone else.

I wonder if the American boys over there now know what they are fighting for. I have read quite a bit about the United Nations, but they have never quit fighting since the end of the second world war. I would like to know just what the United Nations consists of? Don’t let us sit here like a bunch of little tin gods, thinking we cannot be attacked and have another “Pearl Harbor” slip up on us.

Garbage Collection By C. Masteller, City : What is the sense of trying to rid Indianapolis of flies as long as our garbage collection is what it is? Collectors take it on the rum, throw can and lid down anywhere, mostly in the alley, never replace lid on can. Cans get badly dented and lids disappear or get crushed by cars. We are tired of buying new cans.

From now on we shall dig our vegetable

garbage into the compost pile and in this way get some return from it to our lawn and borders, The fatty garbage we shall burn with our papers.

TEAM-WORK

Is yours the ease of wealth Or does poverty live with you? Then, let us all remember— Whatever we may think or say— No matter whether rich or poor, Or the coloring of our clay— No one is better than the other, God created each, His way,

There is but One to worship. One Place tb fix our gaze There can be no better way To prove our worthiness, Than to welcome each as Brother, In kindred friendliness. Let Loyalty be our Motto, Teamwork be our Purpose. Sharing sympathetic understanding, Giving of our love and usefulness.

—Lena M. B. Hamilton

By Galbraith DECENTRALIZE ... By Bruce Biossat

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Washington.

Federal Gov-

vouring all before it, that this trend can only lead to a

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repetition of ny Byrnes... this cry has gig Government

weaken its force steadily

through the years. Voters going to the polls in national

greatly moved by GOP alarms.

-

THE T1-year-old Mr, Byrnes

Byrnes Can Now Aid States Rights

- WASHINGTON, July 17—James F. Byrnes, sure now to be Governor of South Carolina, has won the chance he sought to combat what he'sees as the excessive growth of government in

President Truman and his chief supporters scoff at the notion that power has become too greatly centralized in the capital, Many leading Republicans, on the other hand, have been - shouting for years that the

issue of over-centralization in Washington strictly on its merits, Into that contest he will throw his admittedly great prestige, which goes well beyond the limits of party. : ” " » IF there is truth in the claims that Washington is overreaching, monopolizing the

revenue, bulldozing its way through powers that rightly if . belong to the states and cities, 5 every freedom-loving Ameri-

facts beyond question. And if those facts can be proved, . we should further wish him well in any -efforts he may undertake to redress

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