Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 6 July 1950 — Page 22

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EEF Si bla 5551 Give Light and the People Wili Find Thetr Un way

™ MOST respects Congress nas shown gratifying unity and determination in the crisis brought on by the Red : a ts Korea. : A notable exception has been the intrusion of politics and personalities in the matter of Sumner Pike's nomination for a new term on the Atomic Energy Commission. : The commission's work is vitally important to national defense. Mr. Pike, a member since it was established, has been its acting chairman for five months, On June 19. President Truman named him for another four-year term

*

the Senate confirmed all but Mr. Pike, whose nomination

sional Atomic Committee. Three days later, four Republican Senators—led by

ocrats Yotad to Epprove it. %

objects to the acting chairman, except to say in a radio interview that Mr. Pike opposed development of superweapons, presumably meaning the hydrogen bomb. But this has been denied both by Mr. Pike and by Henry D. Smyth, a fellow member of the commission, who told the congressional committee that Mr. Pike's long experience, his familiarity with the atomic energy program and ‘his intelligence, integrity and complete devotion to the national welfare” made his continued service of paramount importance. He said, specifically, that Mr. Pike deserved much credit for progress on the H-bomb.

testimony, let him produce it. Otherwise, the Senate should confirm Mr. Pike's nomination without further delay.

Reject Plan No. 24

THE U. 8. Senate is expected to vote today on one of President Truman's government reorganization platis which deserves to be turned down. This is the so-called Plan No. 24, proposing te move the Reconstruction Finance Corp. (RFC) into He Depart__ment of Commerce. Democratic Sen. Fulbright of Arkansas, vie is leading the fight for rejection of Plan No. 24, has good reasons for opposing it: ONE: It is contrary to the Hoover Commission's recommendation—that the RFC be placed under the Treas: vry Department. TWO: The RFC should remain in its present semi-in-dependent status until a Senate investigating committee,

wif any, this big government lending agency should play in the future, THREE: Moving the RFC into the Commerce Depart: “ment might subject it to greater pressure for the making of unsound and politically motivated loans. Mr. Truman presented Plan No. 24 as part of his program for aiding small business. As other parts of that program, he wants to broaden the RFC’s lending powers, relax its collateral requirements and extend ‘the time for repayment ‘of business ns.

==BUT he 1eviations of Sen. Fulbright's committee justify no confidence that broader RFC lending authority, under the Commerce Department or -elsewhere, would be used wisely or with adequate regard for the safety of the __taxpayers’ money, Most recent of these revelations concerns a $975,000 Joan to a Reno (Nev.) hotel which derives most of its rev“enue from a gambling casino. Then there was the $3714

ernment. And there have been numerous other loans which,

of bad judgment. : = Sen. Fulbright asserts - correctly that the President's plan for Sasier, longer-term RFC loans to small business all—should be frankly recognized as such.

No Place for Politics a seat on the Security Council.

~ Moscow-inspired. The Red invaders were trained by Russian officers, and - are supported by Russian-built tanks and fighter planes. 2 Many veterans of the Chinese Civil War are fighting + “now on the Korean front against the forces of the United Nations. There can be no doubt that they have the wholehearted, support of the Moscow and Peking regimes, for both capitals loudly proclaim that fact. : What do would-be appeasers of the Soviet Union hope to gain by ousting Nationalist China from the United Nations and assigning its membership to the Reds, who at this very moment are defying the organization's Korean Yecisions? - . » s » IF RUSSIA had not been p Boycotting the United Na tions on the China issue, the Soviet delegate would have attended the Security Council meeting which voted military san against the North Korean aggressors, and al-

“tied the organization's hands and all of Korea probwould be under Red rule today. -Only since Russia's ‘absence from United Nations meetings has been permitted to function as its charter Ee et ous urd Inspr to

“and three other members for shorter terms. Last week,

had been held up by Senate members of the Joint Congres: :

Sen. Hickenlooper of lowa—and one Democrat voted to recommend rejection of the Pike nomination. Four: Dem: oe

MR. HICKENLOOPER never has explained why he.

«If Sen. Hickenlooper has proof to refute this- kind of

right, has reported its conclusions as

— million Lustron loan; involving tremendous loss to the-gove——

in the kindest possible light, must be described as examples :

(I for subsidies and—if Tt 1s cariied out ir

IS beyond understanding how governments supporting : “the United Nations in the fight for Korean“independence— - can at the same time urge election of Communist China to

All the world knows that the Korean invasion was’

st certainly would have vetoed that action. This would’

question re days of war with half of

It was a deal questioned by many when it - first came to light. Today it appears to have been among the most disastrous the United States ever made. ~ That heavily pro-Soviet move was explained

Korea has arisen again with a terrible

to me two-and-a-half -vears-ago-by-a-man who —of

ods » ey i dR

many now believe had an induential voice in shaping it. He was a tall, lean, elegant and immensely likeable man who answered questions so frank-ly-and logically he was a pleasure to Intervi His name was Alger Hiss. "In the interview, Hiss explained thé dis-

HEALTH . . . By David Dietz

Smaller House

Trend Attacked

‘Can't Tell Home From Garage,’ Observer Declares

THE TREND toward smaller and smaller -

houses is a major threat to the physical and mental health of the people of the United States in the opinion of the Committee on the Hygiene of Housing of the American Public Health Association.

Chairman of the committee is Dr. C. FE. A.

Winslow, professor emeritus of public health in the Yale University Medical 8chool, editor of the American Journal of Public Health, and an internationally famous authority in his field. “The sense of inferiority due to living in a

“substandard home is a far more serious menace

to the health of our children than all the insanitary plumbing in the United States” Dr. Win= slow writes in the report just issued by his com-

\, mittee.

“As one drives through the suburban areas,

nt {s often difficult to determine which is the house and which is the garage, " Dr. Winslow

continues.

‘Below Standard’

HE and his committee charge that the amount of space provided in a great number of recent houses and in certain “economy houses” publicized by federal housing agencies is about 50 per cent below what the committee regards as minimum standards for healthful lving. Even the better of our public housing projects - .are about 20 per cent substandard In this regard, the committee charges. The vommitiee believes that minimum total floor areas required for healthful living are as follows:

For one person, 400 square feet; for two per- =

sons, 750; for three, 1000; for four, 1150; for five, 1400, and for six, 1550. These minimums were determined, Dr, Winslow explains. after a thorough analysis and measurement. of the equipment, furniture, and circulation space required for the normal funetions of family life.

Division Unimportant

DR. WINSLOW is not particularly concerned with how the space is divided into rooms, believing that the problem can be left “to the creative imagination of the architect.” He recoghizes that the reduction in space has been dictated “by the praiseworthy desire to provide the housing so urgently needed in a period of abnormally inflated living costs.” But, he adds, “this is a reason but not a valid excuse for substandard space. It is not sound economy to reduce the size of the dwelling below the point af which the efficient management of the household is possible’ The Committee on the Hygiene of Housing was organized by the American Public Health Association in 1937 in the conviction that the home is primarily an instrument of health and that it is the duty of the public health profession to establish the fundamental health objectives which shoyld govern the design of the dwelling. “The membership of the committee includes 23 outstanding authorities in the fields of architecture and planning, engineering, building construction, home economics, the social sciences, and public health.

WE ARE AMERICA

‘We, who are Americans, Come from far and near; From Italy, Holland and Poland, .To whom, home-land is dear.

There are birds of many colors, Red, black, blue, green and brown; And yet they are all called “bird” Though one may wear a crown.

_Here, where once, where only Indians,

We find people of every hue, Who are called Huns, Chinks and Japs, Poles and Greeks and Turks not a few.

They come from Ireland and England, From Sweden, Italy and Spain; From Korea, Rumania and Portugal; And all have. come here to remain:

From Finland, Cuba and Norway,’ Hungary. Slovakia and France; -has-contributed-&- Joke SEER All people have been. given a chance.

As such, we are Americans, — 3p Makers of the great "U.S.A" United we stand, divided, fall. For that is the American way.

~Myrtle Rice, 1623 8. Norfolk St.

SIDE GLANCES

ad war's

Lo of ms gekay a Yai tn. rms of poe. Japan hoing 8 first mortgage on the i Sema

“By Galbraith

of te Russians, bad help 0 offer in war. We needed it. They set a price. We met it. That was Alger Hiss’ explanation for the fateful dickerings at Yalta in which he served as personal adviser to President Roosevelt.

When he granted the interview, no shadow

: International Peace and a former official Who had served the United States, many sald, brilliantly. Why, I asked Hiss, had President Roosevelt promised so much to the Russians to come into

the war against Japan? After all, Yalta was

“The war with Japan was f + From won won in early 1945,” he said. “It seemed possible then

"that it could drag on for another two years, Yo

Why, then, I asked, if we were going ‘cut Russia In on Korea did we give her the

of ‘suspicion had fallen on Hiss. He was the — and leave oursetves—the rural; 3 Feapactad president of the Carnegie Endowment

northern haif, rich in resources and Industry, .Ing southern half? It was the logical thing to do, Hiss ex-

Huasia could reach Korea by

“plained readily. rail from Manchuri The southern half was closer to our own occupation fotess 18 Japan nq mere accessible 19 OU Sea lanss from America.

My, How They" ve Shrunk!

EYES ON UN

By Talburt

By Charles Lucey

Displays Might in Korean Crisis

LAKE SUCCESS, July There's a brave new whip in the wind that beats against a circle of flags splashing 59 national colors above the broad green lawns at United Nations headquarters here. Only a few days ago a lot of people were writing off United Nations as a kind of debating society, All that changed when the North Korean Communists began rolling tanks into the Republic of South Korea, United Nations became. at once the point of fusion for world opinion ‘agd&inst such aggression. It backed up that opinion by meeting aggression with force of arms, What has happened here hasn't solved all of

* . to por = bs e oo voy ae United Nations’ problems but-its- leaders say an fs with force the United Nafions Security

important turning point has been reached.

Free Nations Tighten Up

WHEN the great powers in the League of Nations reached this point--at the Japanese occupation of Mukden and again when Mussolini went into Ethiopia—they failed to face up to it. But this time the United States, Great Britain,

France and most of the rest of the frée world

have thrown in together to prove the United Nations is not a peace-at-any-price pacifist organization but an organization that can marshal

military strength to try to restore peace...

When President Truman by-passed the United Nations in the early days of the Truman doctrine it seemed to some a back-of-the-hand

- blow at the world organization, actually United

Nations wasn't prepared to handle this —it would have run -directly -into the hazard of Russian veto.

Again, some said the Atlantic Pact was.open acknowledgment that nothing much could be

hoped for from United Nations. Actually, there was no conflict. Nothing in United Nations discourages any nation from being militarily - strong or from joining the regional associations such as the e North Atlantic Pact. .

election year squabble. Jowa's Sen. Bourke B. Hickenlooper lined up Senate members of the Joint Atomic Energy Committee to produce an adverse vote of 5 to 4 against Mr. Pike. The vote on the Sen-

against Mr. Pike since Sen. Hickenlooper is reported to have had success in rounding up Southern Democrats to vote with the Re pliblicans. : r EXCEPT in he most general terms, Sen. Hickenlooper

Mr. Pike's reappointment. It was Sen. Hickenlooper who “brought the charges of “in credible mismanagement” against former commission chairman David Lilienthal. Those charges were never proved. What was generally considered a time-wasting fiasco brought Sen. Hickenlooper a “lot of eriticism in his own state. "The best guess is that by blocking Mr. Pike he will show the folks back ‘home that he did.

AE

A and t | knew + ono

Security Council,

IN THE DARK. Committee Lethargy Blocks Retomin afion

WASHINGTON, July 6—The extent to which ‘we are all in the dark on so many of the major decisions that directly determine our destiny is well illustrated in the dispute over the nom-

oy

~ The U. 8. has given heavily to United Nations —{ts dollar contributions t6 the United Nations children’s fund and to Palestine relief, and its prospective support of the Unitefl Nations technical assistance program have helped in important causes even when Moscow was blocking political progress. :

UN Helped by U. S.

NOW, the whole course of U, 8B. foreign policy .

in the Far East has been tiled to.the United Nations. The U.S, has helped United Nations, they say here. But so has United Nations helped

the U.S. ~ When President Truman decided to meet

Council gave global blessing to such military action. The President observed in announcing

armed aid for Spyth Korea that the council- °

‘had called on United Nations members to render help in enforcing its initial resolution and said that’ “in these circumstances” he was ordering U. 8. air and sea forces into action. 3 This done,.the U.S, then turned to United Nations for a second resolution. Adopted by the it recommended member nations to help the South Koreans with arms aid. Instead of a single nation acting ‘to meet a crisis there is a marshaling of strength of many countries, All this does not solve such problems as getting the ‘Russians back into the United Nations on a co-operative basis or the row over who is to represent China in the United Nations ~=the Nationalists or the Reds. Nobody here hopes for a United Nations

without Russia. Moscow hasn't been named in “the resolutions condemning the Korean action

And—though unquestionably Russia would be fosing face-~the hope here is that she will return to the fold, World leaders here do not want a second United Nations made up of Russian and whatever satellite.states she could carry along with -her;

“By Marquis Childs

“raw material.

"1 When the federal Forest Service

ability to make a sound appraisal of the relative importance of the various elements

Communism is a way of Tife demanded by"the underprivileged in every nation , . . workers “demand a larger share of the things they produce—food, clothing, housing, old age pensions, Security, and higher living standards, We, -who are three score and ten; -know from " actual experience that free enterprise cannot furnish 100 per cent employment (including the rising generation of workers) at a living wage, We. ‘have seen closed banks and factories, milHons of unemployed, soup houses, bankrupt farmers and home owners. We have seen the step in with loans to failing banks,

railroads, factories and home owners,

We have seen Germany and Japan go to war for markets to provide jobs for their millions of unemployed, hoping to avoid an economic revolution. They learned the hard way that war does not produce jobs that make .for better living. America is learning that war reduces Hving standards. The cost of war is paid from current earnings of labor in production and distribution, Labor in Great Britain is paying interest on cost of Napoleonic Wars. Workers in Germany, France and Italy, out of their today’s income, pay interest on war debts they did not create, As war debts increase in Great Britain and

America, living standards will decline—unless

the interest is defaulted and the bonds are repudiated. This, of course, is an economic revos lution, To avoid this, Great Britain plans to sdcialize all industry—substituting bureaucratic control for individual initiative. ¢ Factories close and unemployment begins when producers are unable to sell capacity pro-

duction for cash at a profit-—a depression with

all the trimmings is in the making—banks close, mortgages and other debts are defaulted and foreclosed. To avoid an economic revolution and govern» ment intervention, free enterprise must have ald in the form of a co-operative economy. Idle

men would take over and operate idle factories

producing staple consumer goods, the products would-be distributed to co-operative stores and warehouses, in exchange for warehouse receipts, redeemable in goods, used to pay wages and buy The workers would exchange the warehouse receipts for goods in the warehouse— the goods would be consumed, and the process would be repeated. “When free enterprise can furnish 100 per cent enployment, including the rising generation of workers; when it can sell its capacity output for cash, “the warehouse receipt, as a medium of exchange; would-disappeéar: Co-operative organizations are the oldest business enterprise in the world. Mutual fire and

—marine insurance companies are the oldest,

Free enterprise cannot survive without the supplementary aid of co-operatives... the alternative is an economic revolution—repudiation of debt, the confiscation of property. Enterprise must be free to make unlimited profit. Anti. trust laws and price restrictions must be repealed. However; profits must be spent for consumer goods or reinvested in common stock to produce more goods for better living. This is the antidote, if taken in time, living standards will rise.

What Others Say—

DRIVER training, licensing, laws and all the other things necessary for traffic safety just have not kept pace with the automobile. We still have the flivver attitude in a streamlined age.—Ned H. Dearborn, president of the National Safety Council.

THE God-tearing man has never. been subjected to so” fearful an ordeal as the pending effort of Russian origin to communize his way of life.—Navy Secretary Francis P. Matthews,

ALTHOUGH vanquished on the field of bat. tle, ‘totalitarianism, the state's tyranny over the

mind and. body of man, is not yet dead —Su-

preme Court Justice Tom C. Clark.

WE in the armed forces cannot give lip. service to unification while practicing independence.—Gen. J. Lawton Collins, chief of staff of U. 8. Army.

NO nation will ever go to war with another nation -whose-women-know-and-love-and-unders-stand each other.—Mrs. Hiram Houghton, president of General Federation of Women's Clubs,

ACTION by the government is necessary at times to help make the private enterprise system ‘work.—President Truman.

Memo to Congress: and the Bureau of Management

forests and grazing lands they divided large acreages in Oregon by one agency managing the even number sections and the other the odd numbered. Each maintains a separate ““tax-eating “organization, overlapping the other. Jy Consolidationis of duplicating. govern-

ment bureaus would save the taxpayers money.

and, second, it would Feassure Americans on the progress be ing made by the commission,

-squabbled---over-managing national | -

ate floor is also expected to be -

has not said why he opposes:

ination of Sumner Pike to a new term on the Atomic Energy Commission. On the surface it looks like just another shabby

one reason for his opposition to Mr. Pike was because Mr. Pike had been against proceeding with the steps necessary to make the hydrogen bomb.

Reached at his summer home

in Maine, Mr, Pike denied that he had opposed President Truman's H- bomb’ Aectston,

BUT THERE are other -aspects of this whole business

that strike much deeper. A

year ago Mr. Pike made a speech at his college, Bowdoin, in Maine. In that speech Mr. Pike touched briefly on‘what is the heart of the relationship between the commission and the Congress—that is ‘to sdy, the relationship between the atomic giant and the people. .He said that the joint Sen-ate-House committee did not know either the production rate or the number of the bombs in

Pike “The recent charges against

“stockpile. Then Mr.

the commission's chairman,.

which constitute the commission’s task.” The fact is that the committee still. does not know either the rate of production or the , bombs in the stockpile. Whenever the subject has come up in a committee meeting, a majority have indicated that they did not want to know. » . »

AS MR. PIKE suggested, in :

his talk at Bowdoin, this implies a basic distrust of their own capacity, either to keep the secret or to. know what to

"do about the information if

they had it. I might add that, it seems to me to indicate a basic distrust of the processes of representative government in the face of a power so overwhelming as atomic energy. The, President Knows the number of bombs in’ the stock-

en McMahon of the Senate-.

- House committee personally

In February of 1049, in a an.

President Truman curtly re. fused to consider the possis bility of publicity. .

x 8 un MR. PIKE IN his Bowdoin

- address also talked about the

“clumsy handicaps” imposed on the development of atomic

power for peacetime purposes, -

Since his resignation, Mr. Lili. enthal wrote an article for Col lier's warning that present secrecy regulations were throt« tling experimental development of atomic power, There is another element in the Pike blockade. Colorado's two Senators, Eugene«Millikin, a Republican, and Edwin Johnson, a Democrat, both voted against Mr. Pike. They are said to be influenced by the dissatisfaction of uranium miners in Colorado With the commis‘sion’s policies. Sen. Johnson's chief function in: the Senate has always | to do the work of the mining and other ‘Interests ‘back home. And he does it with the amiable shrewdness of a ward politic.

Bernard M. Baruch, in his memorable declaration to

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