Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 27 April 1950 — Page 38

is likely to prevent either from receiving the consideration

where.

~ The Indianapolis Times Danger Grows Fall of Hainan Raises...

HENRY W. MANZ

ROY W. HOWARD WALTER LECKRONE President Editor Business Manager

> i Times Publish.

Prie Ma: nty. 8 cents a copy tor dally and 10e tor Bada) i A ig carrier daily and Sunday. 35¢ a week. dally on , 38¢. Sunday only 10c. Mail rates in Indiana

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Telephone RI ley 5551 Give LAght end the People Will Find Ther Own Way

BRITAIN has suggested that the United States help solve her $9 billion debt to sterling-bloc nations through the proposed American . program of economic assistance in Southeast Asia as a “barrier against communism.” The immediate reaction in Congress is a loud, emphatic *No.” This confusion of two very real but unrelated problems:

it deserves. ; Our English friends must learn to call a spade a spade when they seek American assistance. : They also might profit by thinking less exclusively about Britain's trade position and giving a little more consideration to the general world situation.

- » n ” " » . BRITAIN'S principal creditors in the sterling bloc are India, Pakistan and Egypt. Egypt is not in Southeast Asia,

' India and Pakistan are neutrals in the cold war between

2ussia and the West. So communism is not a major factor in the situation. Britain's debts were incurred during the war, as part of the common war effort. They should have been canceled, for the same reasons that the United States canceled the balances due us under lendlease. But Britain did not seek

this avenue of relief at the opportune time, fearing she

might impair her position as banker of the sterling area and weaken, if not lose, her monopoly hold on that market. Now the bank is unable to pay off and the cost of servising the debt is impeding both British and European recovery, Britain is meeting interest on the debt by sending her creditors manufactured goods. Yet, in their overtures to the United States, the British appear to want us to relieve them of-this-debt and at the same time let them continue to enjoy their monopolistic advantages in the sterling

market. » » ” . ” ”

CHAIRMAN CONNALLY of the Senate Foreign Relations Committée has rejected the proposal as “astounding,” which it is. British solvency is a matter of vital concern to us. But even that consideration is not enough to induce us to join in perpetuating trade barriers which are detrimental to our interests and to world recovery. Events have outmoded the monopolistic trade practices of the old British Empire. "They must be abandoned if we are to have a healthy world community. Removal of these obstacles to the free movement of goods and services is just as vital to the rest of the world as liquidation of the sterling debt is to Britain.

Mental Health Week he %

NE of the most serious problems confronting most communities today is that of mental illness and emotional instability. i Observance of National Mental Health Week in Indiana this week provides an opportunity for the public to take an inventory of ‘its facilities to cope with the problem. Seriousness of the mental health problem is reflected in hospital statistics which show that about half of all their beds are occupied by mental patients. This does not include the broken homes and disruptions of community life by alcoholism, most of which are caused by mental and emotional distortions that could have been corrected by early

diagnosis and treatment.

Leading the observance here this week is the Indiana Mental Hygiene Society which held a series of conferences today on means for improvement of the state's facilities to combat mental illness. Indiana ranks far down the list among states in facilities for mental patients. More public support for this program will be necessary to provide adequate treatment for the mentally ill.

Protect Teaching Standards

A LTHOUGH the salary increase given Indianapolis school

teachers here this week does not bring the pay sched-

“ules up to those of some other communities, it is a welcome

step toward protection of our teaching standards. Improvement in the standards of education here has been an issue of public concern for many years since some of the best teachers have left for better paying jobs elseThe increased cost necessary to bring teachers’ salaries - up to minimum standards need not become an added burden to tapayers. It will be spread over an increased population and economies in other less necessary public services can

provide the extra funds without raising the over-all tax

rates. School enrollments have been increasing rapidly and Indianapolis administrators will have to provide a program that will cope with the expansion as it comes along.

The Goat

JOHN MARACGON is guilty. A federal court jury has found that he lied about his bank accounts and other matters to the Senate Committee which investigated Washington's “five percenters’” and “influence peddlers.” So Maragon must take the rap. The penalty for his crimes could be as much as 20 years in prison. Maragon, according to the government, is a very bad

‘little man. The federal prosecutor told the jury that “noth-

ing was sacred” to Maragon—a ‘‘parasite” who “feathered his own nest” by selling the influence of his friends. Some of Maragon's friends were, and still are, in high places. They permitted him to run in and out of the White House. They let him do favors for them. And, of course, they never dreamed that he would take wrongful advantage of their friendship. : : Maragon may have to spend a while in a cell, but Gen. Harry Vaughan continues to be the President's military aide, the great five-percenter investigation is fading from memory, and the goyernment at Washington still lives, A

ASIA... By Ludwall Denny

Red Conquest

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Fears for Formosa's Fate

WASHINGTON, Apr. 27—Red conquest of China's strategic Hainan island has lowered further the Nationalists’ stock here, and increased fears regarding the fate of Formosa and Indo-China. The fall of Hainan was not such a surprise to Washington .as the speed with which it happened. Although the entire island has not yet been overrun, it presumably will be soon. Apart from possible consequences to Formosa and Indo-China, two questions are being asked regarding Hainan: . Why did Chiang Kai-shek, the Nationalist leader, after long preparations for defense of the island then give up almost as soon as the battle started? How many of his 12,000 troops, and how much of his munitions, will he be

able to save?

Strength Reduced

THERE has been a large amount of desertion. But it is not clear whether this was the cause or the result of Chiang’

the desertions seriously feduce the Nationalists’ future strength.

» Chiang's refusal to send reinforcements from Formosa is an indication of his extreme weakness. But there is no proof that he betrayed ‘his Hianan generals, as his enemies charge, The ‘question of whether it was better to give up Hainan, or to jeopardize the defenses of Formosa by sending reinforcements, is the classic military enigma for which there is never a. satisfactory answer : The pgventual fall of Formosa to Communist Invaders is now more likely than before. Nevertheless it is not certain. While Hainan is less than 10 miles from the mainland, Formosa is more than 100. The difficulties of the latter amphibian operation are more than 10-fold as great,

Also Formosa, as Chiang's headquarters and the last major remnant of Nationalist territory, is much better prepared for defense than Halnan. :

8 failure to fight, "He denies ordering evacuation. In either case,

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THE fate of Formosa will depend in part on how large an air force and landing fleet Stalin is willing to supply his Chinese satellites. If he goes all out for the Reds, and there are no compensating American planes given to the Nationalists, Chiang will be gravely handicapped.

Morale would be the other decisive factor. If the Nationalist spirit on Formosa is no better than it was on the China mainland,. it could. hardly withstand serious attack ° But both official and press reports from Formvsa have agreed that recent morale on Formosa has been high. This is because of genuine military, political and economic reforms, and also because the officials and troops there are Chiang’'s hand-picked faithfuls. : But will the loss of Halnan—with its desertions and charges of treachery-—undermine the carefully nourished morale on now isolated Formosa? That would be even a worse blow than Chiang’s loss of Hainan troops and ‘supplies, and the Red reinforcements from Hainan for the planned attack on Formosa.

GOD SPEAKS

-(God speaks in barren tree Stark cold and somber gray. His voice the leaflets hidden there, The change He makes each day. God speaks in swelling bud Where woodland life is heard, The coming forth in Spring array God speaks in song of bird. —Anna E. Young, 3547 N. DeQuincey St.

What Others Say

IT is my deepest conviction the futfire of the United Nations itself and even the future of world peace depend on the case presénted by the Chinese government against Russia.—Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek.

THE giant ‘efforts of the building industry have resylted in millions of new dwellings and on all sides there are signs that we are catching up with the housing shortage.—Sen. John W. Bricker (R.) of Ohio.

NO matter how much you measure it, the economic situation now is very strong.—Leon H. Keyserling, acting chairman of the Council of Economic advisers.

WE hear voices among us demanding that we cede away some of our freedom here at home in order to protect ourselves from the outside. —Vice President Alben Barkley.

MOST businessmen now realize that they cannot conduct their businesses in disregard of the interest or wishes of their workers.—Commerce Secretary Charles W. Sawyer.

NATIONAL DEFENSE . . . By Jim G. Lucas |

Asks Emergency Law

WASHINGTON, Apr. 27—W. Stuart Symington, new chair‘man of the National Security Resources Board, wants Congress

-to-take-up standby mobilization tegistation.

Mr. Symington rates that, plus manpower mobilization and civil defenses his most urgent problems. He indicated, however, that he wants first to become familiar with his job.

At his final press conference

WORLD AFFAIRS . . . By Marquis Childs

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Asia Revolt Dangers Increasing

WASHINGTON, Apr. 27—While this divided government quarrels over the issue of communism here at home, the flames of revolt and impending chaos are mounting higher in Asia. It is perhaps the costliest bit of fiddle-faddling history has ever seen. In the Philippines the surface of law and order is perilously thin even in the centers of population, The rebellious Huks control considerable areas where they are unchallenged by the duly constituted government of President Elpidio Quirino. The economic situation is steadily worsening. In various forms of aid since the end of the war, the United States has put $2 billion into the Philippines. A good bit of it has disappeared as though absorbed into quicksand. Urgent pleas are being pressed here for more dollars.

French Army Weakening

. IN Indo-China no one ventures outside the cities without a heavy armed guard and then only in cars traveling at high rates of speed. The forces of communism, plus banditry, are steadily wearing away the French army of 150,000 that has been holding the line. There is a real possibility that the United States will be called on for military economic assistance on a scale for which we are totally unprepared. It could be another but far more costly and extensive Greece dropped suddenly into the American lap. When Ambassador-at-Large Phillip Jessup returned from his inspection tour of Southeast Asia, he warned of a factor intangible but nevertheless of first importance in that part of the world. : That is the bandwagon psychology that leads volatile peoples to gravitate toward power and success in a period when changes are occurring with revolutionary speed. This is important to remember in light of the latest disaster to the forces of Nationalist China on Hainan Island. According to the New

‘Barbs

A NOVELIST says he often fails to write a single word in the first hour he works. That night be a good argument for a one-hour work ay.

AMERICAN men are shy, says a French stylist. You bet—shy all that the American women spend.

A TELEGRAPH operator in Missouri has “used the same razor blade for two years. We don’t know how to get rid of ours, either.

SIDE GLANCES

York Times Nationalist forces were conservatively estimated at twice those of the invading Communists and the Nationalists had superior sea and air weapons. A press correspondent on the island reports that the capital fell almost without a shot being fired in its defense as Nationalist armies melted away. Thus 1s repeated the tragedy of Tientsin and other cities on the ‘mainland. At Tientsin American military advisers were present and tried in vain to urge-a logical plan of defense. There is no reason to believe that the advice of American military advisers would have beén any more welcome if they had been present at Hainan as some - Senators so insistently demanded. |

Errors of Past

SHOULD we continue to be obsessed with the errors of the past, we shall end by convincing the peoples of Southeast Asia that we are hopelessly encumbered with that past. It will, at last, be abundantly clear that it hangs

about us-like-an- albatross.

The time is desperately overdue for tangible and immediate moves that would show we mean what we say. These moves may vary from country to country. : ; The Philippine government may be encouraged to ask for the kind of American guidance that will mean greater stability in finance and in administration during a difficult transition period. ; In Indo-China and Burma it might be something as elemental as a few malaria-control projects to demonstrate the good will that is behind our processions of friendship. One can see few signs that this is happening or that it is in preparation on anything like an adequate scale. The blame? It seems to me there's more than enough to go around.

Dangerous Deception

THE State Department points out and with some reason, that Congress is not in a mood. to approve any new programs either large or small. Critics in Congress reply that they have never been consulted about a program. And they -ask, with good reason, why the department hasn't gone ahead with the facilities already at its disposal. Over all is the screaming obliggato of McCarthyism like a distracting blast on a steam calliope. . This is not “cold war.” Under present ecircumstances that phrase becomes a dangerous deception. Cold" war implies a steadiness, a resolution, a willingness to sacrifice and at least a degree of unity. Those elements are not written large on the American landscape at this moment.

By Galbraith

year.

‘Zone Balloon Trade’ By North Sider wR ris ERY - On Sunday afternoons I notice a lot of bale loon boys out selling their wares. And that is all right. $ "But they pick the busiest corners, on ‘the busiest traffic days, That corner at 38th St. ‘and Northwestern Ave, is one of them. The cars come along loaded with children. The children see the balloons, yell for them. And the driver stops, right What happens to the rest of the traffic is important, It stops, too. Sometimes backs up for half a mile. And that takes the fun out of

~ 1 am not the kind. of sourpuss. who would deprive a child of a balloon, although, frankly, I think it is a waste of money. They burst them before they get them home. Then the children cry, and that upsets the family again, What I am really against is the long backup in trafic. When people are out driving on Sundays or holidays, they want to go places, And they all don't want to stop for balloons. What I suggest is that a law be passed zoning certain locations for the kiddie trade where

‘Trust in God Rewarded’ . By Arthur 8. Greene

The scientists tell us that there is no protec~ tion against the modern instruments of war,

. The Bible repeatedly tells us that there is pro-

tection against any form of aggression or evil if we trust God and seek this protection sincerely. The founding fathers put their trust in God and their trust was rewarded by help and guidance which enabled them to win their just cause against, what dt that time, was the most powerful nation in the world. : As a constant reminder to the people of this great country that if they expect to remain great they must acknowledge and trust God for inspiration and guidance they had inscribed on the coins, “In God We Trust.” May I suggest that we stop jittering about the evil possibilities of war and turn our thoughts to the God who

sald: “No evil. shall come. nigh thy dwelling.”

‘Beerless Ball Games’ By A Baseball Fan I like baseball games. But I don't like beer suds flying all over the lace. P I do not see why people have to drink beer to enjoy a ball game, I am a lady of some manners, and I don’t want to sit in an open air barroom to enjoy my favorite sport. nad : ps Why don’t they have a place where the beer tipplers can drink before and after the game? And if they get too rowdy, they ought to eject them. ; I'll take my baseball without beer. suspect others feel the same.

And I

‘Salvage Steel Rails’ By Albert Patrick

. United States faces long steel shortage and prospects of exhaustion of the big Mesabi iron range of the upper Great Lakes. Could not all unused valuable steel rails in the streets be lifted and not allowed to go wasted? The steel rails get slippery after rain, add to accidents that could be avoided and removal would save wear and tear on tires, Why not be more conserving now for the ‘Tuture, make our streets safer and put more people to work?

‘New Social Mind’ ht By Clarénce Love, Marshall, Ind. Now that the most powerful countries of the world have the atom bomb it is necessary to have the creation of a new social mind and the creation’ of a new pattern of behavior for mankind. .. If this is not possible what then is the chance of mankind responding successfully to the power of atom disintegration? Approach it from one angle—the abysmal, terrible failure of the last 4 years, and the answer appears to be “no chance at all.” Wipe your possibility from the tables of your dreaming mind. __ Trust one another or perish is God's sume

mons to the nations of the earth.

They will perish rather than trust one another. 4 ‘

‘Vote on Daylight Time’ By W. H. Edwards, Gosport, Ind. Daylight - saving time would imply that the people of Indianapolis have not enough intelligence to get up of mornings without changing their clocks to fool themselves. That is why

- the so-called Daylight Saving Time is becoming

known as “damn fool time,” and that is a per fect definition of it.

Democracy means rule by the people, not by

the Chamber of Commerce or by any other faction of the public. Then why not let the people of Indiana vote In referendum on the question of hn time is to be official for the whole state?

IMMIGRATION . . . By Roger Stuart

the United States is increasing. The U. 8. Immigration and Nat--uralization Service believes that last year's all-time. high—there

were 635 arrests of smugglers in 1949—will be surpassed this

to let others

as Secretary of the Air Force, Mr. Symington said the Resources Board had done an ex-

~-tellent. job..preparing standby

legistation. Asked specifically if he wanted Congress to enact it, he replied “the sooner the better.”

» » ” A PROPOSED emergency

powers .act has been ready in

the Resources Board for more than a year. The Hoover Commission's National Security task force termed it an ‘“‘excéllent job” and called for its “early consideration by the Congress.” However, President Truman and Dr. John R. Steelman, acting Resources Board chairman, decided to shelve it. Dr. Steelman explained that since the emergency powers act ‘can be made into law quickly .. . the task of balancing potential resources and requirements is more urgent than getting legislation on the statute books.”

~ - - ELDER STATESMAN Bernard Baruch last summer called this a policy of “vaciliation and neglect.” The Munitions Board, an agenéy answerable to the Secretary of Defense, recently asserted that mobilization planning “ts not enough.” The proposed emergency powers act gives the President authority to create new government corporations and define their powers, build defense plans, set up priorities and allocations, by-pass anti-trust laws, requisition anything the war gffort requires, establish

«than 800 million,

export-import controls, establish censorships, stabilize prices and wages and order employ-

ment. controls... Those powers...

could not be used, however, until a national emergency is declared.

. . ~ THE Resources Board's studies indicate that another

War. would...cost. the. United States $540 billion, command

90 per cent of its total industrial capacity and require 72 million civilian workers. Manpower mobilization, Mr. Symington said, would be one of his first projects. He expressed concern that Russia's post-war conquests have boosted her available manpower from 212 million to more The United States, he pointed out, could not hope to mateh Russia man for man.

~ * » SEVERAL manpower studies will be waiting for him. Last December, the Resources Board told the Joint Chiefs of Staff that this country did not have the men to fight the war they plan. The Joint Chiefs asked for an allocation of more men than the military used in World War IL. Our peak was 12.1 million in May, 1945. In all, 16.4 million saw service. The board's manpower division told the Joint Chiefs their estimates were too high by 20 to 30 per cent. Moreover; it sald, the rate at which the armed forces expectéd to induct men would jeopardize the national economy. =

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4-27

SOP. 909 OV AEA GDWVICE WET. BL ABS. U.S. PAT. SU.

"Ne .egqs for sale, lady—my hens lay just for government storage!”

DESPITE the fact that the national population is growing at the rate of one million a yéar, the board found that we have fewer young men of military age than when we entered World WardlL. Last summer, the board eirculated a staff study which called for universal service—a

labor draft—in case of another’

War. 2" 300-pige report was pre “B > :

pared by Dr. John D. Morgan Jr., a consultant. It did not constitute a recommendation to the President. Nevertheless, Dr. Steelman authorized printing and distrubution to key men in industry. Dr. Morgan commented: “Universal service which assigns every usable person to

the job where he or she is mest”

needed will provide the only solution.”

N. D. Collaer, chief of the service’s Border Patrol, says the

history of alien smuggling “clearly establishes that there

““are Ho points on the Canadian .or Mexican horders or along

the coast of the Gulf of Mexico and the Florida peninsula where aliens of all nationalities. have not been smuggled

into the United States.” » - -

THE same is true, he contends, for all ports of entry. And he warns that, “based on the world situation and the known facts,” it is safe to assume that more smuggling will be attempted. The Border Patrol currently is trying to perfect its coun-ter-smuggling setup, Mr. Collaer said in a report. This was nécessary, he said, because of the “grave danger of individual aliens being smuggled into the United States with the sole end in view of subversive activities.” - . 2 THERE were four million more legal entries of aliens into the country last year than in 1948, when 81323823 persons of all nationalities

were admitted either for brief

or extended stays, according to Immigration officials. How many illegal entries there were in the same period cannot even be estimated, they insisted. The fact that arrests are increasing means that successful smugglings also are up, officials say. In apy event, it is clear that

European and oriental alien

Smuggling is ‘undergoing. a..

revival of considerable propor= tions,” Mr. Collaer said, adding: » » » “IT IS -known that since the termination of hostilities the

‘numberof Buropean-and-orf-

ental aliens available to smugglers in foreign countries has greatly increased . ., . A great emergency confronts, the service from an enforcement point of view.” Although most alien smugglers operate over the labyrinth of highways adjacent to the Mexican border, Mr. Collaer said, the most recent threat to a large-scale revival of Europeamrand Chinese smuggling is from Cuba. Aircraft are used extensively, he said. Small boats also are used. ws 8.

IN THE past two years, four European and Chinese smuggling rings have been broken up in the Florida district, while other European aliens have been apprehended in connection with smuggling operations in southern California. “In order to appreciate fully the problems confronting our limited preventive forces in the Florida district,” the enforcement official said, “it is necessary to consider the size and nature of the terrain, both in Cuba and Florida. Cuba is within reach of excellent landing fields in Florida by come paratively small land-based afreratt”

”

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