Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 28 March 1950 — Page 12
of
Ww WALTER LECKRONE HENRY W MANZ
- PAGE 12 Tuesday, Mar. 28, 1950
go Sate “Marth co ond Audh Buroes A $500; ali
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Give TAnht and the People Will Pina Thew Down Was
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cents a copy for dally snd 100
ganization. » ” .
off his mouth.
‘ Keep FBI Files Secret : da SEN. McCARTHY, who is still trying to prove that the r State Department harbors some card-carrying Communists, insists the FBI files will back him up and dem —that-they-be produced for examination, Yesterday FBI Director Hoover and Attorney General McGrath testified on the prudence of turning over these files to a congressional committee. As had been expected, they strongly opposed such action. i They gave excellent reasons for their stand. Mr. Hoover argued that the FBI's loyalty files were inconclusive, could be quoted out of context, or used to thwart truth, distort half truths and misrepresent facts. Moreover, he insisted, making them public would endanger FBI sources of information and undermine effectiveness of the or-
ands . Economic Co-operation Administration (ECA).
MR. HOOVER, in fact, hinted that he might resign if he were forced to spread FBI secrets before a congressional committee, As a matter of principle, he said, they should be withheld from all congressional committees. Mr. McGrath, supporting Mr. Hoover, contended Congress had no constitutional right to order the FBI, as an agency of the executive branch, to make its reports available. Regardless of the question's legal aspects, we think Mr. Hoover's stand is clearly correct. And Sen. McCarthy, in ‘particular, is not an investigator who could be trusted to examine the FBI's files, being too much given to shooting
Oteel Price Report HE United States Steel Corp. raised its domestic prices last Dec. 15. It said the increases reflected “actual ‘and approaching” higher costs, including the pensions CIO - steelworkers;had won by a long strike. 3 On the same day, Sen. O'Mahoney (D. Wyo.), chair-
report, said in a statement:
now made public. » . ”.
output, costs and profits.
of such increases.
larity to public utilities.”
the industry.
committee's investigation. mini —r- oe
& 5 &
. and they were rejected.
n result in sav
It's an-Old- Bory Sa
“man of the Congressional committee on the economic
“On the record, the steel industry is not justified in levying an increased tax on the whole economy of the United States, as the proposed price increase by U. S.. Steel will be if followed by other companies.” : Other companies did follow. mittee held hearings on the increases.
In January the comIts reports are
PERHAPS it is not surprising that the majority report—signed by Sen. O'Mahoney and seven other ‘Democrats—econcludes that the price increases were not justified and have been bad for the whole economy. : “The great steel companies,” it says, “exercise such tremendous power and have such influence on all segments of American economic life” that they present an extraordinary problem. And it recommends: ‘ONE: “Systematic collection by the Federal Trade Commission of data on each major steel company's prices,
renee PANO Requirement of 30 days’ notice of “intent to = = raise steel prices, 80 an “appropriate government agency” can “get the facts” about reasons for and economic effects
THREE: Further committee study of means of achieving more competition in the industry. FOUR: Study of “the extent to which the steel industry has developed technological and economic simi-
A ‘minority report, signed by Sen. Taft-of Ohio and five other Republicans, says steel prices may be too high and there may be undesirable monopolistic tendencies in
But, it asserts, neither charge was proved by the
.
he Indianapolis Times 2%" ¥iswtouwr -
Reds May
Stalin Pressure May Rally Marshall Plan Support
WASHINGTON, Mar, 28—Outcome of the . Marshall Plan budget fight probably will depend on Stalin. : : a 3 An unintentional assist by him, in the form - of more Red violence in Western Europe, probably. would rally waning Washington support for the stop-Stalin recovery plan. Otherwise, Congress is expected to gut it. ; The week-end appeals by President Truman and the ailing Republican leader, Sen. Vandenberg; will not help enough. They will prevent the proposed billion-dollar cut in the requested three-billion. fund. : 4 But the now probable half-billion reduction, or even a third of. a billion, would injure seriously the already restricted program, Four factors are operating against the
: y “fn-a-Year, our unbalanced federal budget and mounting national debt, criticism of European use of Marshall funds, and less public interest in the project. 3
Bipartisanship Fades
SEN. VANDENBERG is trying to cope with the first. The Marshall Plan was started, and has been sustained for two years, as a joint Democratic-Republican effort. But bipartisanship in foreign policy has almost died in.the past year. That is due to the President's ineptness, Secretary Acheson's unpopularity, bankruptcy of the administration's China policy, the loyalty issue, and especially to revival of Republican isolationism. The ECA is a victim, rather than a cause, of this political partisanship. The economy urge is genuine, plus its publie appeal in an election year. A $5 billion federal deficit and national debt of $259 billion should force drastic cuts. To reduce essential- domestic services and leave foreign aid untouched would be as unfair ‘as it is politically impracticable. But ECA's Hoffman points out that his requested $3 billion is a big cut from the $5 billion of two years ago.
Funds Gcing for Relief
CRITICISM of the use European govern-
ments are making of Marshall money has some basis. : It is true that their industrial production has béen pushed 20 per cent above prewar, and their farm output is almost back to par. But it is also true that too large a proportion of the fund is still going for relief, rather than reconstruction for self-help, - Little progress is. made in eliminating trade and currency barriers and in building economic unity. Some governments, such as France and Italy, would require less help from the American taxpayer if they would collect more from their tax evaders. : .
NEVERTHELESS, net gains from the Marshall Plan to date have exceeded all expectations i economic recovery and in countering communism. rie That fact. however, does not seem to hold the enthusiastic interest of many American voters. The bloom is off the ECA if for no other reason because it is an old story. Many citizens are simply hored with it. But such indifference could easily change if Stalin’s cold war gets hotter, That is the way it has worked several times since the war. It could happen again.
PLEASANT MEMORIES
I can hear the drowsy humming Of the humble bumble bee. z - Jiear the breakers breaking as they Come in from the sea. " I can see the small ships sailing On the lazy little lake. Smell the new aroma of the freshly Frosted cake; I Can see my mother rocking in her Regal rocking chair, Just a sitting and rocking; Patching dad's long underwear. I can close my eyes and see the things That were once so near to me. For they're written in the oldest book, The _book of memory, ——-«———— Frances M. Volk, 533 E. Merrill St., City
‘OBSERVATION
Oh no, she never gossips, © Nor her ear to scandal lends. ‘And so she has no enemies And scarcely any friends.
MORE ECA AID . . By Charles Lucey
Italy’s Future Shaky
ROME, Mar. 28—Italy has worked hard, with United States =" ald, to get back on its feet economically in the postwar years
believe she can go it alone after Economic Co-operation Administration (ECA) help ends in 1952.
The extent to which the U.S. will buy Ifalian goods will
- hd have much to do with this country's future, but even ta arabs an optimistic view, officials > Trurt: but even taking .-t-ghy
but there are few here who
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re ; oh 5 4 x °
a > iy
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|
NEW. OFFENSIVE . . . By Oland D. Russell
Reds Giving Europe Jitters
WASHINGTON, Mar. 28—The Communists are feeling their oats again in Western Europe. ' Widespread disorders, strikes and demonstrations have occurred recently in France and Italy, and in Germany a crucial test seems in the making as Moscow plans a new offensive for seizure of all Berlin, Whether this renewed activity represents a carefully co-ordinated plan ‘drawn up by the
__ Kremlin or is mere coincidence, there’is a sim-. ~UilArity “of objectives that cannot: be overlooked.
It is, in general, to break down or weaken Al- * lied democratic influence and get up new roadblocks to economic recovery of Burope. Already it's producing jitters in Western Europe and has been one of the main topics under discussion by eight leading American diplomats meeting recently in Rome. The Rome conference was similar to the earlier Bangkok meeting of Far Eastern diplomats but more likely to produce important conclusions which will be referred to Washington for alignment with Segretary Acheson's “total diplomacy.” - -
Sprin_ Offensive : OBSERVERS also noted that the spring offensive of communism in Europe comes almost
at the midway point in America’s big European 5
—Aassistance p " Most seriously threatened country in the current Communist agitation is Italy. Two years ago the Communists took a beating at the polls in Italy's general election but now they are staging a comeback. For one thing, it is pointed out, if the Reds were successful this time it might have consid--erable effect on Yugoslavia, which adjoins Italy on the north, At least it would help complete the encirclement of Russia's rebellious puppet —ruled by Marshal Tito. As part of the new drive, the Red-controlled
General Confederation of Labor called a .12-
hour nation-wide strike in Italy. Ostensibly it was in protest against the government's recent steps to increase the country's police force and authorize bans on political demonstrations. Prefects, who represent the government in the provinces, were authorized to forbid all public meetings for a period up to three months wherever acts of violence or political intolerance occurred. The Communists charged this
SIDE GLANCES
was interference with the workers’ rights to hold public meetings. Premier Alcide de Gasperi’'s government was particularly alert to the general-strike threat and for the first time since the 1948 campaign, steel-helmetéd regular army troops appeared on the streets of major cities to back up the police force. 2
Strike Failure
nist unions, whose members were instructed to stay away from demonstrations. re Consequent failure of the strike to paralyze the country reflected not only the strength of the De Gasperi government, “but the public's steadfast opposition to communism, in spite of some popular discontent over social conditions. In France, the Communists in their campaign of disturbances have concentrated on arousing the public against the shipment’ of arms and munitions from America under the North Atlantic military-assistance pact. . Government spokesmen were convinced that the Communist Party in. France had been ordered by the Cominform to do all they could to hinder the arrival of arms aid from the United States. The same sources said the French Commu-
nists _had been severely reprimanded by -the
Kremlin for. previous failure to disrupt the European Rétovery Program and now they had better make good by wrecking the North Atlantic Treaty, particularly its military provisions. = :
New Plans
IN GERMANY, . the Communists, having
failed to break the Westérn democracies’ hold on Berlin by the blockade of 1948, are now laying plans for a more spectacular effort. This time they intefid to use their German forces, trained in the Red puppet state, for a descent
—eon-the-Western-areas of Berlin, —
All eyes are on the Soviet preparations for a huge rally of their Free German Youth organization to be held in Berlin May 27, 28 and 29. This demonstration is expected to provide the springboard for the actual seizure’ steps. This, too, is part of the stepped-up campaign by Moscow to carry the fight to the Western democracies trying desperately to hold the. line in Europe. ‘ x
~_communicatio ‘new psychological frontier. O © ~ emotions are at the mercy of the unscrupulous
“FHE strike was boycotted by non-Commu-
a
By C. C, Terre Haute, Ind. ‘vg In a recent issue of The Times, Marquis Childs had an interesting article about créep-
ing unemployment and gives some figures put
-our by Leon Keyserling, acting thairman of the
_ President's Cunecil of Economic Advisers. The
figures show that at present there are 4,700,000
unemployed and by June or July the total will .
reach more than 5 million. The estimate shows
that by 1952 the number may.be 6 to 7 million,
and by 1954, may be from 10 to 12 million. eon this because on the same page
Judson does not tell us why we should take
* in more aliens or foreigners when many of our own citizens are gradually becoming displaced
placed person in Europe would make a good American citizen. In fact, if you take a few of the leading gangsters, most of them are from foreign colintries. : Furthermore, practically all of the labor leaders of the country who were Communists were aliens or foreigners. From a humanitarian standpoint, of course, displaced persons who are honest, upright people are to be pitied. That, of course, does not mean that we shotild let them come here when we haven't got enough jobs for our own citizens and at a time when*we haven't got enough houses for them to live in. I suppose the answer to all this is that all displaced persons sent here are to be carefully screened by various agencies. Well, I fear that the record of both the State and Commerce Departments ,shows that the Fair Deal tests are not very reliable.
‘We Are At the Mercy of Publicity’ By Joe E. DeLancéy, Crawfordsville, Ind. Magazines, newspapers and commentators built up the charactér, Ingrid Bergman, as saintly as she appeared on the screen. If the acting of Miss Bergman had been confined to that of the siren and the publicity had been confined fo that characterization, there would not have “been the disillusionment that her personal affairs-have caused the millions that adored her. If publicity had given the true story of Miss Bergman,—that she was only mediocre in her native Sweden, it is doubtful if she would have been suggested for the role of a nun. The real complaint is not against Miss Bergman, but against the publicity which tricked us into accepting this woman as an fdol. Al of us are at the mercy of any huge publicity campaign that wants to take advantage of our twin facul-- - ties of ignorance and emotion; . : __Tt-ig time.
cilities’ has ‘brought us to a
1f
who have the money to deceive us for their advantage. : - rE : We have passed out of the age when we were at the mercy of our own thoughts and emotions. We have crossed the frontier into a new age in which we are at the mercy of the thoughts and emotions that the wealthy publicity merchant wants to develop within us. As far as Hollywood is concerned, a brief
- survey of the history of the men who developed
Hollywood would reveal that they have created a halo of respectability dhout themselves through publicity.
What Others Say—
IN the next 10 years, nations and individuals who have been foresighted enough to invest time and" money in the development of tourism will find that a substantial percentage of their wealth will be based directly or indirectly on the foreign expenditures of millions of American tourists.—President Wallace S. Whittaker of Intercontinental Hotels Corporation.
"THE great lines of communications, offer=
~ ing as they do the avenues for spreading under-
standing, represent, I believe, a first line of de-
fense .against another world conflict. — Gem. _§ “George C. Marshall.
THE policy of the U. 8. is based on strict, non-interference in the internal affairs of Yugo slavia.—American Ambassador to Yugoslavia George V. Allen.
THE BRITISH electorate has a habit of knowing what: it wants and has a habit of overdoing the getting of it.—British Deputy Prime Minister Herbert Morrison. :
By Galbraith LEGAL DUTIES... By Andrew Tully
- Courts and Politics
. WASHINGTON, Mar. 28—Chief Justice Fred M. Vinson's holiday with President Truman at Key West put more emphasis on the fact that he’s been the most politically active boss of the Supreme Court since William Howard Taft. ¥ . And Mr. Taft himself had a couple of good precedents in — Roger Taney, who served under Andrew Jackson, and Salmon
»
ne's thoughts and
3 - IT cites many examples of alleged bias in the majority report, which it condemns as an incorrect analysis of the basic problems and as a mere "bill of complaint” supported.......oNE--ofciats carer a5 _by “a faulty economic brief.” ep RT I IST That Ttallan The Republicans charge that the committee majority's first, second and fourth recommendations look toward government control of steel prices and regulation of the, industry as a publie utility: * : HAVING read the report, we agree with Sen. Flanders. But the committee's work is not necessarily wasted. Both sides join in advocating further stud industry and its pricing and other policies. Such study, directed—as the minority urges—toward finding “whether competition is effective in the steel industry and, if not, how it can be made more effective,” would serve a valuable purpose.
y of the steel
City Contract Bidding AKING advantage of red tape and other weaknesses in dealings with local government units for padded profits on. public contracts has been one source of waste of the taxpayers’ money for as long as we can remember. Hence, we are glad to see the city administration offering some determined resistance to pressures for higher estimates on municipal contracts. j : =
8% : "ernment CITY engineers made official estimates on the costs of a sewer project recently. All bids submitted by prospective contractors on the project were above that estimate Instead of revising the estimates upward the Board of Works stuck to the engineers’ original cost figures and called for new bids and finally received an ~* estimate at a substantial saving to the city. - It is another illustration of how a determined effort in ent ca ‘the taxpayers’ money with-
offer below the
in expansion of a’smalf Italian postwar pes Rg Ce Ta} Jtalins “try will be at
Np Ge gi
here do not see how U. 8. aid can be chopped off abruptly if Italy is to remain stable.
export trade by 1952 will earn enough dollars to buy and pay for the raw materials and fuel the country needs, but there will be a gap of $100-$200
million. needed annually for
bread grains. This gap might be closed in two or three years after 1952 when an overhauled and modernized Italian industry had gained time to compete in world markets. The view, taken by some is that it will be necessary to reco the need for post1852 aid, on :a somewhat reduced scale, if all the investment the U. 8. has ‘pumped in here since the war is not to be jeopardized. - ” = » THE U. 8. had put some $2 billion into Italy before ECA came on the scene at all. The U. 8. Army poured in money for relief aimed at wiping out any threat of “disease and unrest” behind its lines. : There were various stages of UNRRA help, military govrehabilitation and interim aid The U. 8. guided the very establishment of the new government that took
over from war and fascism.
By June of this year Marshall Plan recovery funds will have added up to about another billion dollars. One of Italy's major hopes
now is to get private foreign
capital in here to develop industries which will give #mployment, One large U. 8. oil company is putting $14 miilion
«
\
ead edn
as
to be spemp-in purchase. of American equipment—and it is seeking an ECA guarantee on
‘nto dollars on its profits. : » » = )
ECA officials say risk capi-
tal is beginning to come into
Italy and. that _an approach
now is being made to ‘Ameri-
can banks for -a.$50 million bond ‘issue to finance expan-
" sions here.’ But there arises in
connection with many such private capital ventures the question of whether the U. 8. government will guarantee against possible nationalization or other similar steps. The alternative to encouragement of private industry to help build up Italy and pro- . ide employment, it is argued by some, is to 80 on with direct government aid. In the, first two years of ECA operations here, $310 million is being spent to mod-
ernize the Italian industrial plant to help it produce better. .
Italy has depended heavily in the past on hydroelectric power, and in the severe post-
war. drought years has been
forced to a three-day week at times for lack of electric energy. » " -
THE Fiat Motor Car Co. is
among those which has done
a major overhaul of plant to
build better cars for less °
money. Fiat carrently is bid-
ding with an American auto company to supply motors for "a new small car. But so is a British car company--and in ra country widding for dollars just as is Italy. _As. long as Italian industrial payrolls are padded with unneeded workers, a -condition that grew up In the early period,
af
FENCE aw a tl
.
convertibility of Italian lire .__S
328
COPR. 1960 BY NEA SERVICE, iC. ¥. M. REO. 0. 8. PAT. OPP,
. "This H-bomb can wipe out our cities and kill millions—but 1 see my time is up, so until tomorrow a pleasant day to yau alll”
in competing in foreign markets. It is a problem recognized by everyone here, and joint U. S.-Italian councils now are trying to do something about it. Lo
: » - Ld THE advances made under ECA have hot been limited to the Industrial side. Over the four-year program’ here about $500 million will have been put into improvement of land and-
bringing new land into cultivation—enough, it -is esti-
‘mated, to provide a living for -
500,000 more Italians. . Nowhere in Western Europe
is the urgency stronger to pull ~ the ECA and Atlantic Pact .
economically and , Politically than among Italian government officials. : There is praise everywhere here for the work of U. ‘8s. Ambassador James C. Dunn
and ECA -officials, and gener-
ous acknowledgment of what the U. 8. has done to help Italy. 5 3
Barbs
THESE days, even the man who watches the clock is better than the man who watches
the thermometer. '. -
ANYONE who thinks he's the
~~ firehorse
P. Chase, who was Chief Justice under both Abraham Lin.coln and Andrew Johnson, Mr. Taft was a regular old
some President or-other what "to do. - : Once he tried .to get President Harding to accept a plan ‘set up by he British ambassador for settling the British war debt, ’
He also had several confer-
ences with President Coolidge and with President Hoover o! policy. te » » » ON THE side, he paigned to get his boys named to the court and sent a cou‘ple of winners to the post in the late Chief Justice Harlan Fiske Stone and the late Associate Justice Pierce Butler. Outside the -White House,
. Mr. Taft was just as busy. During the Sacco - Vanzetti controversy he wrote the .
president of Yale and told him he ought to discipline those law school teachers who'd been hurrahing about the case.
He also congratulated Pres- °
ident A. Lawrence Lowell of Barvard, a member of a commission which . case, for saying thé men were, too, guilty of killing that paymaster, oa - = -
THEN, in 1927, Mr. Taft
wrote a lot of letters to a bunch of big shot Republicans
saying the party ought to
draft Mr. Coolidge for a third term. :
get ‘himself a reputation as little more than a tool of
‘« Andy Jackson's. It all started
when Andy was having that
fight with the United States
Bank
ip there on the bench—he was always telling
cam-
studied othe ~
Roger Taney ‘managed to ~
whereupon. Andy gave the
Treasury job to Roger, his
Attorpey “General, and Roger __Obligingly moved the cash. _
—— Later, President Jackson ~named. Mr. Taney Chief Justice and everybody said, look at the guy, he doesn’t make a ‘decision. without. getting = it “OK'd, by the boss. : Oy Tf ew MR. . CHASE was busier with extrajudicial activities than Mr. Taft. He was always yelling for equal rights for Negroes and was president of the American Freedman's Union Commission. . He also told President John son how to deal with the res - construction problem, then turned around and presided at the President's impeachment trial. After that, he ran for the presidential nomination twice —once as a Republican and “then as a Democrat — but neither party would have him. ae . - =n
‘MORE recently, Associate Stanley Reed and
Justices Felix Frankfurter got some people. mad when they testi-
as character witnesses: And Chief™
for Alger Hiss. Justice Stone didn’t like it when Justice ‘Robert Jackson went to Nuremberg to prose cute the Nazi war criminals. After the Hiss trial, a bill ‘was introduced in Congress to ban justices from testifying i cour ts. : sy : * Phere a a ES -BUT the situation ‘apparent.
ly still is governed by a states: ment issued in 1947 by the . jte Commi
4
_ Guess President wasn't listening. i Jose
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