Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 10 March 1950 — Page 20

a SCRIPPS-HOWARD NEWSPAPER

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PAGE 20 Friday, Mar. 10, 1850 oo. Owned W$0a oF 3iisneg daily by indiana polls ae 4 Res bien Bs Ba hae in Marion County 3. Sint 8 OUDy for duty and i0e for Py ‘delivered by and Sunday 35 &

aa 0 a vear daily $500;.a veer Sundsy fnhx Canadas ane

gLner states 8 possess! # a month Sunday 10¢ a COPY

“Telephone RI ley 5551

“Bra TAKE and Ths Peanis Wil Pina Thatv Nopn wre

old and Yoieh.

‘normal requirements. . .

living.”

Thé simple truth, Mr.

volumes.

to solve its own problems.

urged by President Truman.

~dustry’s problems are very

influence wages.

price of coal.

countries as long as we can.

relations on a civilized basis.

_- Planning to do there?

They will not be “solved by strikes. Or by government mine seizure. Or by steps “down the road to state socialism through government ownership and operation of mines. But certainly they must be solved. The country can't afford to let conditions in the coal fields go from bad to worse for 28 more years—or 28 more months.

's Only Money—Vill

7ARSAW, capital of Poland, an iron curtain country, is only 100 miles by bomber from the Russian border— assuming that the Russians keep up the preterise of having a border between them and a satellite, The United States government maintains an embassy - In Poland. This is in line with the State Department's theory that we ought to keep “listening posts” in the iron curtain

We had such an outpost in Mukden, China. General Angus Ward and his staff spent 13 months under House arrest and neither listened nof saw very much. closed now. We had such an outpost in Bulgaria, but it's being abandoned and five Bulgarians are getting the works as spies for the United States.

But to get back to Warsaw.

8 FO4l ndust) i

. in the bituminous fields

. Men divide the working time,

The words seem familiar, but the President who Spoke them was not Harry S. Truman.

Harding added, was that “the

country is at the mercy of the United Mine Workers.”

CONGRESS authorized the proposed investigation. An able commission, headed by the noted engineer, John Hays Hammond, went to work. Its printed report filled four big

That report set forth the coal industry's problems in great detail, but offered no general solution. The industry's chief need, it said, was wise leadership

The miners’ union should shift

from a purely militant policy to a more constructive one. The report was filed, and conditions in the coal fields continued to go from bad to worse. This ancient history is recalled with no intent to discourage the searching investigation of the coal industry now

‘old and tough and that a com-

~ mission created to study them in 1950 will have to do a far better F Job than was done i in 1922.

THOSE problems, in our opinion, cannot be solved if the country remains “at the mercy of the United Mine Workers.” Nor can they be solved by depriving the union of adequate power to protect its members. They will not be solved, as President Roosevelt tried to solve them in the 1930's, by creating a huge, governmentmanaged coal cartel to regulate prodyetion, fix prices and

Or by raising the

Consul

It's

WE HAVE such an outpost in Hungary, but the Communists wouldn't let our minister see an American citizen -during -his arrest tridl -and conviction-as~a spy: “So our _ ministry hasn't been much good to us in Budapest. That doesn’t complete the list. ~matie-and consutar-posts which have been made just a8 useless by Russia's deliberate refusal to conduct international

There-are other diplo-

You know what we're

A news dispatch says we're’ going to lease some rubble-strewn ground for approximately $900,000 and build a new U ited States embassy which will cost

- $1 mi

over

each

these.

Jac

prize.

distance of Moscow.

It's only money

in the matter,

lion: » = . v ” - .

night.

man earning $4000 a year.

kpot—In Rubles

THAT means we're going to spend $1,900, 000 of Amerlean taxpayers’ money js erect a small palace within spitting Even the State Department admits theres a cold war on “which: could turn into a shooting war You can guess what would become of our mil-lion-dollar embassy the minute that happened, if not before. -but that $1,900,000 will.eat up all the income taxes paid by 9359 married men with two &hildren, And if they had any say we doubt the 8359 men would want their money tobe laid out for fharble halls in Poland i in times like

ITRI SHOSTAKOVITCH, the Russian composer, has

had his ups.and downs. At the momept, he’s back in the Kremlin’ 8 good graces. He wrote an oratorio praising Stalin's program, and that helped him win a -100,000- ruble

That would be $25,000—if the recent revaluation actually had made a ruble worth 25 cents, which it didn't, and if Russia permitted exchange of rubles for American ‘money, which she doesn’t. Still, 100,000 rubles sounded like

quite a fortune—until we glanced at a British foreign office ~ list of current Moscow prices translated into dollars ‘and

cents at the 25-cent ruble rate: Beer, 70 cents a pint; cheese, $5.32 a pound; oranges, 8 gents apiece; toilet soap, 75 cents a bar milk, D2 cents “beef, $4.34 a pound; ham, $5.60 a pound: men's quality, $117; women's woolen dresses, $100.80.

Cand

rate, unskilled workers in Moscow

$68 to £126 2 mont; Sled wotkses, $156 to 3376,

oscow ars pid

A LONG strike was in Piogress. The saiiptey was al-- ; y oy by Ti PEA

DIO

“There a are fundamental. evils in our present system of " producing and distributing coal . ‘are vastly more mines than are requisite to the country’s needs. There are 200,000 more mine workers than are needed to produce in continuous employment the country’s

and high wages are © necessary to meet the cost of the barest

It is recalled only to emphasize. the facts that this in-

-- schools had

~ “at the honey-pot.”

~-the administration.

DEAR BOS. bo Kidey

Jenner Fights New DP Bill

Argues Too Many Unfit

Persons Coming to U. S.

WASHINGTON, Mar. 10-—Dear Boss—"Delayed pilgrims” is the term someone Sned | ik describe displaced persons: seeking the United States. But eur junior Repu Ti Sen. William E. Jenner took two days in the Senate this week to tell what he thinks of some of them and that title doesn’t fit Ais description, Many, he sald; are’ “displeased persons.” whe are willing to circumvent the laws to get here If the true intent of Congress is carried out “there will be no way in the world for the International Refugee tion to send a buneh of perjurers, liars, black. marketeers, and subversives into this SOULE,” °

others on his side the Senator did manage to delay a vote on new DP legislation, although agreement was reached to take the mattér up again Mar. 31. Debate then will be limited and a vote is expected during the first week in April.

Million-Dollar Lobby

SEN. JENNER is a member of the five-man subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Commit- ~

tee which has held hearings on the DP bill. They still are going on, he said, but a bill was ordered reported by the Senate on Jan. 30 and Chairman Pat McCarran (D. Nev.) ‘of the Judiciary Committee brought one in. It would tighten-up DP procedures and- is opposed by what Sen, Jenner labeled “a million dollar lobby.” Eighteen Senators signed in favor of an amendment introduced by Sens. Harley M. Kilgore (D. W. Va.) and Homer Ferguson (R. Mich.), who made a minority report against the McCarran bill when it was approved by a majority of the Judiciary Committee. It is: this substitute, which friends of displaced persons favor, including the U. 8. Chamber of Commerce; that Sen. Jenner is fighting. He admits privately, however, that the ‘substitute is sure to pass when the roll is called. A similar measure already has had House approval. It preserves the present method of handling DP's which Sen. Jenner considers intolerable.

‘Screening’ File # ADMITTING that the Justice and State Departments have veto power in all cases, he charged that the international refugee organization files are used in “screening” and the Dis-

placed Persons Commission here accepts their

findings. Net of all this is that DP’'s DP’s to come here and they have the co-opera-tion of DPC, whose European staff largely is the old UNRRA outfit, Sen. Jenner contended.

Through administrative agreement neither

the State nor Justice Departments ever exercise a veto and the whole thing operates on what witnesses called a “calculated risk,” * Sen Jenner — said. He cited testimony to show that men who had cleaned up in American money through black market coffee sales caffie here afterward and that no criminal DP ever was deported. Ugo Carusi, former head of the Immigration Division in the Justice Department is DPC chairman. He was succeeded in the Justice post by Watson Miller, a Hoosier predecessor of Oscar R. Ewing as Federal Security Administrator. DPC commissioners are Harry N. Rosenfeld and Edward M. O'Connor. Sen, Jenner charged that they stay here in Washington and don’t know what is going on in Europe.

Took Dim View

HE introduced testimony from numerous dissatisfied DPC employees who took a dim view of the European scene. Alamanza Tripp,

who is in charge of the immigration detail in

Europe, said that at least 30,000 of the 134,000 persons who have already come to this country are of “doubtful reputation and eligibility,” Sen. Jenner told his colleagues. The Indianian denounced detractors of Chairman McCarran and heaped ridicule on He- said Secretary of State Dean Acheson is “even opposed to a bill which would exclude subversives from this country” on the grounds it might offend the Russians. “Is it not too damned bad if we offend the Russians?” 8en, Jenner shouted to the delight of the galleries for by that time there were but a handful of Senators on the floor. The “damned” was eliminated in the Congressional Record. Senate rules forbid using such language on the floor. “We're licked anyway, o afterward. If such is the case it will be a hard fought first battle and victory for freshman Sen. Herbert H. Lehman (D. N. Y.), former New

Sen, Jenner. said

—York-Governor-and-one-time- UNRRA head.

TRADE SCHOOLS . . . By Peter Edson

Gl Education Ills

WASHINGTON, Mar. 10-=District of Columbia's experience

with veterans’ trade schools may give a clue to

wrong nationally with the GI below-coliege level education. * particularly Commissioner Guy Mason--became concerned over complaints against the nushrooming GI trade schools in Washington, } could be employed locally. Job . — -§ “placements from some. schools were said to be one in 20.

Last July the D. C. Commissioners

academic, arts and vocational ‘schools had been wpproved by the Board of Education for GI

‘Scott Lucas (D. Til.) ‘called a libuster. a

really select-the

U. S. AID TO EUROPE

WASHINGTON, Mar. 10—The groundwork is being laid for one of the most important congressional post-war debates. Hearings are

under way. on. the. proposal to .continue--the -

Marshall Plan for another year at a cost of $3.1 billion. The decision will be reached before June 30. The United States already has spent nearly $9 billion on the program which has been in progress two years. It is scheduled for _comple“tion In 1952. The quesfion now is: Are we get- ~ ting our money's worth? Amid Increasing protests in Congress that Uncle Sam is “pouring money down a rat hole,” Secretary of State Dean Acheson and. Paul G. Hoffman, head of the Economic Co-operation Administration” (ECA) which distributes Marshall Plan money, argues that the program must be carried on because it is ‘the most effective weapon for combating Russian plans for world domination.”

Recovery ‘Spectacular’

MR. HOFFMAN asserts that ‘Western Europe's economic recovery, bolstered by ECA funds, has been “spectacular.” Pointing out that it took seven years for Western European coun~ tries to regain their pre-World War I level of industrial production after 1918, he told Congress recently: “Today, after two years of the ECA program, and Jess than five years after the end of World War II, in which devastation was far. greater than in 1914 to 1919, industrial production has not merely been lifted to the pre-war level, but stands 20 per cent above it.” When ECA started, he added, millions of people in Europe were hungry, whereas today “the menace of hunger in Western Europe has passed.” Agricultural’ production as a whole, he said, had been brought nearly to the pre-war level/ ~with-faverable weather conditions, itis expertédto reach that level or exceed it during the present crop vear. But Mr. Hoffman said that Marshall Plan countries had not reached and would not reach a position of real self-support until their dollar gap was brought into hand without the need for extraordinary outside assistance, It would be “cruel waste,” the ECA head argued, for the U. 8. “not to finish the task it hae accepted in helping our partners in Western — Europe to achieve a stable and seeure recovery.’ Opponents of continued Marshall Plan aid,

—on-the-other-hand; contend that the cost 1s 166

SIDE GLANCES

what has gone

Over 300

training. . The Board was required to certify only that the the faculty and equipmént to train veterans, It had no. responsibility over the quality of the training.

NEARL Y 10 per eid of the

District vets were enrolled in

_correspondence,

trade schools, and 15 per cent were taking college-level courses. The schools were doing a $10 million to $12 million a veéar business. . There was no complaint against the old-time colleges nor against the established

cational schools which had been in business 20 years and more. “All the complaints were against the newer schools. It was claimed ‘that they were giving faulty instruction In some cases and that they were training vets for jobs that

simply didn’t exist.

» » - SO a 20-man committee was named to investigate. Leon G. Chatelain Jr., an architect, was

“named chairman. Gino Simi of

the District of Columbia ap~ prenticeship office was made secretary. Almost- immediately the comimittee- bogged down putes of’ what it should do. There was at first a charge that the schools had- used fraudulent advertising to at-

tract students. Yet none of the - _. fear of federal control over -- education: This was apparent~1y what motivated Congress in

advertising vas investigated.

ATTENDANCE rR were cited to show that far more

watch repairmen, tailors, jew“elers, photographers and even

bricklayers were being graduated from the schools than

trade and vo-,

in dis- |

These schools countered with

the claim that they were train--

ing men for the national labor

market, not just for local jobs.

‘And the fact was’ cited that every graduate of every school or college has to go out and

sell himself before he can get

a job

ONE feeling Qeveloped in the committee that all these new schools represented new busi‘ness enterprises in the community and that they should be encouraged. Also, there was some feeling that the schools were being fought by labor unions that wanted to restrict the number of men trained in any trade to their own apprentices. After six months of wrangling over noints like these, a number of. the members feit that the committee wasn't getting any place and ought to disband. The secretary resigned. The chairman ap-

pointed himself a committee of

one to write a Teport.

THE - moral of this Story, as it applies nationally in all the states, is that unless there is ‘good local inspection of vets’

schools, there are bound to be-

complaints of ' abuses and waste of both the taxpayers’

money and the GI entitlement

to educational benefits, There is great congressional

taking the inspection and certi-

fication of schools for GI train- - ‘ing out of the hands of “the

Veterans Administration.

was left up to local

*- without much “complaint.

“fo estab

ard

By Roger Stuart

Are We Getting Money’s Worth?

great; that the American taxpayer is being called on to spend more to help Europe than can possibly be returned-in the form of security and future economic well- -being. ? “What dre the facts?

Industrial production in Western Europe is 20 -

per cent above pre-war levels. The population has risen by 10 per cent in that period. Coal production has risen 17 per cent in two years; steel, 52 war cent; electric power, 21 per-cent; grain, 30 per cent; meat, 16 per cent.

New High Levels

IN England thgre is no unemployment, the shops have goods to sell and some types of exports have reached new high levels. France likewise boasts of full employment and thousands of hombed railroad bridges have been repaired and farms are again highly productive. In Italy new construction of houses, docks, roads and buildings has given the country an up-and-coming look, while Germany and the Low

Countries, have factories running again, shops:

supplied with food, clothing and other .necessities. But these, though encouraging signs, do not tell the whole story. The program of aid has not worked out entirely as its sponsors originally predicted. Last year, for instance, Mr. Hoffman himself asserted that Europe must help itself by expanding its economy through “integration” — a word used to describe formation of a single large market in which restrictions on the movement of goods would be eased and all tariffs eventually lifted. : Progress along these lines has been disappointing. Up to now, ECA countries have removed quota restrictions from approximately 50 per cent of previously restricted trade. They have agreed to eliminate others. But otherwise, they've. accomplished little.

Trade - Deficit

AS for the all- -important matter of trade,

Europe's trade deficit’ with the U. 8. last year.

was $4 billion. This so-called dollar gap, though 45 per cent less than it was when ECA started, must be sliced in-half again by 1952, experts say. The answer, E insists, lies in America’s selling less to and buying more from Europe. Congressional critics of the Marshall Plan range from some who insist it was improperly. conceived to those who assert it has been poorly managed. In between are others who argue that, while the program may be helping Europeans, it is causing harm to American Indusiyy.

~By-Galbraith- ;

PIONEER work

“The "ball ¢ games iu, cy burning’ brightly, businesses carried was frozen to death apd nothing closed but the schools. The teachers got their pay checks. Did .they mind if the schools were closed? We had to have this strike to prove the Taft-Hartley Law was unconstitutional. John L. Lewis is a great labor leader and knows more about law than Taft or Hartley ever will

I am glad the coal miners won what they were striking for. Would you like to get up at

"4 a. m. and report for work only to be sént

home and told there was no work today?

Would you like to work without a contract not

knowing what you were getting for your labor or when to work? Hurrah for the miners, John L. Lewis, Harry 8, Truman and the whole bunch of laborers. I would like to see Tent and Hartley dig their own coal.’

‘Some Trailer Camps Good’ By E. F. Tomlinson

The Times had an article entitled “rrafler Camp Problem” in which it held out to the public the awful effect of trailer camps on the residential areas around them, the deterioration into slums and the health hazards of sewers. In many cases all that is true, and those camps should be closed or cleaned up but here's another side of it which was not even mentioned. The third paragraph in the article is untrue. It made a flat statement covering all of our camps, when it said: “There's little or no sanitary facilities.” We have water piped into every trailer. Every kitchen sink is piped into a good ditch. We have four toilets at the present time for ladies, four for men and have started work on four more. We have showers for men

“and ladies and we keep them clean. We have a

lovely big laundry room with three washing machines and a clothes drier. Our driveways are a credit to the county road-on which we live and we take garbage and tin cans away regularly, We have a stray dog problem created by city people at tax assessing time. But we even take care of that better than Indianapolis. We work hard to make our camp a desirable place to live (and we are not alone). Its our way of making an honest living and rendering a service at the same time. Why use your paper ‘to undermine our efforts and belittle them so . the Real‘Estate Board can push through legislation to try and put us out of business?

‘Hardships for Miners’

‘By Myrtle Phillips, 1420 Williams St., City _

1 was a miner's daughter for many years, and “would also ike to reply to Pete of Brazil. I just wonder if Pete ever had to walk from three to five miles per day to dig coal. "I have seen my father do just that. Also I doubt if he ever had his clothes frozen on his body before he got home. Also I wonder if he has ever had to move from one town to another, never knowing where the next move would be. Now the miners have more security, thanks to John L. Lewis. If ‘we had more men like him this world would be a better place to live in. I was raised in many coal mining towns in Illinois and I have heard several explosions in the mines. The whole town would rumble and we never —knew if our-father would come home alive. I have stood with families of the miners waiting to see if our loved ones were among the dead. ~ So, Pete you just don’t know what you are talking about. I could write a book about hardships the miners went through. + Isay thanks, Mr. Lewis.

‘Not Labor Party Losses’ By H. E. Marts, City 4 A fact overlooked in discussions of the recent British election is that the incumbent government polled a million more votes than in 1945. The closer vote was due not to Labor Party losses, but merely to the fact that the opposition mustered its maximum practicable potential — but it still wasn’t enough. A future election prob-

ably will bring out a greater Labor percentage

pesentta) in the face of this challenge.

DEFENSE PROBLEM .-. By Robert Crater ~~

Emotional Dangers

WASHINGTON, Mar. 10—The control of emotions unleashed during an atom bomb attack is a problem of civilian defense. Government psychiatrists are afraid that stampedes of frightened civilians would hampér the nation’s ability to regroup and strike back at an enemy. They plored fields of mass psychology in their aA Rie” -such~behavior.” - Ee

are entering unex-

# DR. CAMERON

suggested is being

search for a method _ . R

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COPR. 1960 BY NEA SERVICE, ING. I. M. 880 Ww & Sev am

"All these television watchers who are eating us out of house

and home—can't | put them down as dependents?”

authorities — state boards of education and their designated agencies. » = -

FOR the training and. educa--

tion of disabled veterans, the VA was given this authority. That program has been run off But the fear of giving the VA toe much control over local eduea-

"tion may have backfired in’

training vets not disabled. .. One trouble is that there are

training barbers,

bricklayers or. beauticians. Schools

_ proved iz some states would

‘standards for

never have been approved in others. Barbering courses, for instance, varied from 11 to 104 weeks. Too many new schools were approved too fast. Thus 5600, or two out of three trade schools approved for vets; wers established after the GI bill was passed in 1944. To correct these situations, Veterans Administration; and the President have recom-

- mended that the federal gov-— reactions. ‘ernment. be authorized to set = Fivvintion. of individual per minimum standards under ' 80 2 : z be

Budget Bureau

done by Dr. Dale C. Cameron, assistant director of the National Institute of Mental

. Health. In the current American

Journal of = Psychiatry, . Dr. Cameron paints a frightening picture of an atom bomb’s ef-

“fect on Washington if it were

dropped in the area where government buildings are located. Dr, Cameron said: “It would destroy the Penta-

. Bon, the Navy and Munitions

buiidings, the Treasury, the Stite Department building, the Atomic Energy Commission and the buildings housing the Departments - of Interior and Agriculture.. : , 8s - “> “EIGHT of the city's 24 hos-

"pitals would be destroyed. A

death toll of approximately 50,000 would include many of the key military and other official personnel of ‘the nation." He visualized statins panic or complete apathy. “We might see large- num-

“bers of individuals wandering

abotrt aimlessly, unable to help

‘themselves or others, adding -

to the confusion and impeding

rescue efforts,” he said.

DR. CAMERON warned that ™ _&_ program must be devised .

now and made. a part of eivil-

-1an defense.

He listed three tives of such a Prevention of violent mass

bomb attacks, Hiroshima. and Nagasaki

_ chiatrists to make their con-

s objec

the formation of neighborhdod leaders to help train people what to do if a bomb is dropped 0 in their area. Much of the ine E formation would be based on 1 facts learned about the atom H “Leaders would assist the = group in working its fears and "apprehensions and help the individuals to achieve a sense of group participation,”

H oy Rath Th

Dr. Cameron explained. : » ¥ .

ONCE the: psychiatric program is under way, polls should be made periodically to see how well the average person is learning vital facts about atom bomb attacks, Dr. Cameron said. He emphasized the lack nf knowledge about the psychiatric approach to the mass-fear complex of persons faced with or subjected to such attacks. He said it was important for

each psychiatrist to start thinking about -his part in meeting the danger of the atom bomb. He urged the psy-

cern known to national defense officials. i