Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 14 September 1949 — Page 14

_ The Indianapolis Times

A SCRIPPS-HOWARD NEWSPAPER

ROY W, HOWARD WALTER LECKRONE HENRY W.MANZ President ;

Editor "PAGE 14 Wednesday, Sept. 14, 1949

Business Manager

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Telephone Rl ley 5551 “ Give LAght and the People Willi Pind Thew Vwn way

Britain's Debts Come Next ONCLUSION of the American-British-Canadian conference on Britain's financial predicament left so many questions unanswered -that Sir Stafford Cripps’ statement that the talks had brought Britain's reserve position “into manageable condition” seems amazingly optimistic. Either Sir Stafford was talking with an eye on the forthcoming British elections, or it could be that he has been promised something much more substantial than was revealed by the ambiguous communique issued by the conferees. a Only one of the seven points agreed upon called for immediate, direct aid.to Britain's hard-pressed economy. It demands no new money from us. The United States simply agreed to relax its restriction on the use of Marshall Plan dollars to permit the British to spend such funds outside this country. -

. ~ ~ AMERICAN * wheatgrowers and their congressional spokesmen will not be happy about that.and-may be heard from when the next Marshall Plan appropriation is before Congress. But presumably Britain was willing to take this calculated risk. The United States also agreed to review its strategic stockpiling program, with a view of buying more in the sterling area, with stress on increased use of natural rubber. Also in point, the Senate Appropriations Committee has reduced by half, or to $245 million, the amount of advance contracts which the Munitions Board may make for future stockpiling purposes. : ” .

” BEYOND ‘a general agreement to encourage private investments in the sterling area, all of the other proposals would require congressional action, so they offer little im"mediate relief. - ~~ ——— : ; However, the three governments explored the problem of the sterling balances Britain owes to the other members of the sterling pool, a matter of $13! billion, and agreed to give it further study. This is the real meat in the coconut, and it will be one of the principal questiffis to be discussed in the Bevin-Acheson talks. - ’ India, Pakistan and Ceylon have credits in London which they wish to cash and use in their own business, and even limited concessions to these demands have been a serious drain on the British treasury. So Britain would like to have us service these obligations in one way or another. . It looks like another Marshall Plan, on an even more ambitious scale, and we wonder if Congress will want to buy much of it, even as a measure to stop communism.

A Wise Decision THE C10 United Steelworkers’ Wage Policy Committee acted wisely in-accepting the recommendations of President Truman's fact-finding board as a basis for renewed “negotiations with thé steel industry. : The union committee also agreed, as leading steel companies already had, to Mr. Truman's request for an 11-day extension of the strike truce which had been scheduled to end at midnight tonight. So, although the danger of a costly steel strike has not been entirely removed, there are good grounds for hope. This, of course, assumes that the steel companies will agree, > asthe union has,.to bargaining within the limits of the factfinding board's report. " Some of the recommendations in that report are, for different reasons, distasteful to each side.

LJ THE, companies are pleased hy "the board's stand against a fourth-round wage increase. But they don't like the idea of social insurance and pension plans financed entirely by employers, without contributions from workers. The union wins a considerable victory in the board's support for employer-financed insurance and pension systems. But the benefits proposed by the board are much smaller than the unton had demanded. And the finding that a wage increase is not justified at this time disappoints workers whe-have-been-hoping-for-more-pay: SE Altogether, it wasn't an easy decision, made after long discussion, by Philip Murray and-his wage policy committee. Mr. Murray 1s president, not only of the Steelworkers’ Union, but also of the CIO. In foregoing a steel wage rise he was reversing the pattern which, since the war ended, had meant round after round of increases thyoughout industry. And he risked bitter criticism from within his own organization. .

. » . . . - ”. _ FOR instance, the left-wing C10 Union of Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers, in convention at Chicaga, denounced the steel board's recommendations as ‘miserable and inadequate. . Mr. Murray may well have concluded that such a fight would be almost certain to cost CIO members, and every: body else, more than anybody could hope to gain from it. If his decision helps*to insure industrial peace. a= it <hould, "he will deserve the country's gratitude.«*

Improving Mental Health THE forthcoming series of forums on the approach to better human relations through mental hygiene can and should provide immeasurable benefits to the ‘community. Sponsored by the Marion County Mental Hygiene So

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ECONOMICS . . . By Charles Lucey

U. S. Loans No

Real Solution

Need Seen for Better Trade . Qpportunities Over World

WASHINGTON, Sept. 14 —A fact to remem-

I | |

ber in connection with current U. §.-British financial talks is that we've been shoveling bil- |

lions of dollars overseas year after year since World War 1. The U. 8. has had a fat surplus of exports over imports built in an era when it was beJeved widely that foreign tradé should mean selling as much as possible while buying as Httle as possible overseas. A top U. 8. official said the other day this country had been living in a dream world in this respect. It has managed ‘an export surplus but has been sending boatioads of good American bucks abroad for years In Word War I, plus our. own war costs, we loaned $10 billion overseas. ~ : Billions in private loans went tween the two wars. In World War II the lend-lease “fire hose”

President Roosevelt decided to provide our Allies developed a nozzle product of almost $50 billion.

Another $22 Billion

SINCE the end of World War II. foreign grants and credits have pumped another $22 billion across the seas. There have been the European Recovery Program, Chinese ald, Korean ald, pre-Marshall Plan interim aid, the closeout’ of lénd-lease, some left-over portions of UNRRA, Greek-Turkish assistance, a British

abroad be-

loan, Inter-American aid, Philippine rehabilita- |

tion, Chinese military assistance, Chinese stabilization, Export-Import Bank ald and a few other odds and ends. Loans to 58 nations rince 1945 suggest the degree to which.the U. 8. Treasury has become counting house to the world. ’ ! Also, of course, the U, 8. is lugging the big share of the load of the International Bank and International Monetary Fund. Altogether, over the years, this gallops up toward a good, round $100 billion. Even in the most lush years the U. 8. has had, that comes out at about six months’ income for each American,

Got $40 Billion

GREAT BRITAIN, today nearing the end of its cucrent got roughly $40 billion, The total principal amount of loans to England from Liberty Bond funds in World War I was $4.277.000000. (Britain spent all of that and more in the U. 8. in the war period.) Grants to the British Commonwealth during World War II, most of them lend-lease, ran to $29,812,000,000. There was a considerable parcel of reverse !end-lease headed our way, of course. Since World War II, Britain has had a $3,750,000,000 loan plus the largest share of European Recovery Program funds to go to any country. The wartime aid we funneled to Britain and other Allies grew out of the vital necessity to the U. 8. that our side win the war—and they were gallant Allies giving of themselves to the hilt. But as a trade fact, many of the dollars that went out in those years returned in demands for goods that kept U. 8. industries running. So it has been with the grants and loans sent abroad from this country in peace years

Better Trade Needed

THE LESSON from all this, as emphasized

crisis’ "talks with our. top. officials, - |

by U. 8. officials now concerned with helping |. Britain, is that loans and handouts provide no | real soldi. They insist that any lasting solu-.... tion_must rest on giving Britain and the rest | of the world a better opportunity to earn Ameri- | can dollars through sale of goods and services |

to this country Thus a major consideration in the current meetings is the question of easing customs and tariff barriers which make it difficult for the British to compete in U, 8. markets, On some important items that could earn dollars for Britain the tariff is fairly high - about-40 per cent on woolens and worsteds, for example. Similarly, the value of goods a returning

Us. 8:-4rayeler can. bring into. this country from |.

abroad before paying duty is held to $400. It isn’t just customs and tariffs of course foréign countries are faced with the need to decrease prices of their goods and to sell more aggressively here. There are many other angles. But handouts provide no real answer.

' NEWS NOTEBOOK . . . By Peter Edson

Behind the Scenes

Whether or not the new civilian

WASHINGTON, Sept. 14

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Our Position on China

’

Unchanged in

PEDDLER'S PASSAGE . . . By John Loveland

Going Places o THE OTHER morning while sitting around The Madison House waiting for Al Mueller to arrive for further consultations on a projected remodeling, I found myself dragged into one of those sessions wherein one story leads to another. My contribution was about a doctor, but because it has to be done with gestures and tonal

“inflections, we won't repeat it here.

But there was one yarn which most of us have heard which can be repeated and will serve to develop our day's work. That's the one about the traveler who was heading for Cincinnati but wound up in Brown County thoroughly Jost. He asked a local character the way and after much mental jockeying was told, “Come to think about it; stranger, I don't believe I'd even try to start thar from here.” All of which started. me thinking of going places. For the past 10 years, whenever going to Shelbyville, the only plausible road was Highway 29 out through New Bethel-Wanamaker.

Waste of Time

BEING at the point of Shelby and Madison it seemed a waste of time and effort to go clear pack to Prospect St, fighting traffic all the way. so knowing that my destination was in a general southeasterly direction, I consulted the indispensable and highly accurate tool of the hardy pioneer, It was that rare contribution of - Hustlin’ Russell, the cowboy hero of Whopper’s Poppers to his cereal-crunching worshipers, who

. “have only to whack off the top of a BIG box

of Whopper's Poppers to secure postpaid this wonderful compass-ring and sun dial all in one nifty unit.” So ya see, bud, when ya want to see where yer goin’ ya look at the compass on the ring and if the needle is pointing north and you're looking at the proper end, all you have to do is head in a general direction qf three-eighths of a“turn to the right and vou're Headed south: east. The reason for that fine bit of equipment being in glove compartment instead on on young son's finger was that daddy got into car once without looking and sat on the sun dial, imme-

SIDE GLANCES

Indiana Roads

diately thereafter taking off. towards the -windshield, only to bé restrained and hurled back by the steering .wheel. From now on that device of the devil is going to stay in the glove compartment where daddy will know where it's going.

Consulted Compass

HAVING tested the'wind with wetted finger and consulted the compass again, I started across country, taking the first road to the east and planning to angle. If any of the old-timers and residenters of the South Side are reading this, they'll be curling up lips in disgust and saying, “The dope just happened.onto the old: Shelbyville road. That's nothing new; it's been there for years.” . They're absolutely right, of course, but apparently there must not be too much traffic on this fine road any more because as I passed a school house there was a farm not too far beyond with the house on one side and barn on the other. - . The farmer most unconcernedly and with great deliberation strolled across to the house without: looking right or left. had been watching for him and missed, but he didn't seem to appreciate my hasty safety lec-

ture in passing. _

elf

greeapireerseern eee eet ee

Fortunately, I

L It must have. done some good, however, be- | cause-on-the return-trip-he-appeared -to-be-in--|

the act of crossing again from barn to house. This time, though, he stopped and looked and saved my tire rubber,

Try Shelbyville Road

IF YOU are hard at work all week and have ‘ime only on Sunday for a little ramble in the amily phaeton, and you like to take it easy to enjoy the ride and thus fall into the classificaion of a “Sunday driver,” may I suggest that vou try the old Shelbyville road?

It's ‘a good route with regular-old Indiana

scenery. There's a mill pond at Walnut Grove and there are many other views of the countryside if you enjoy taking it fairly easy and don’t mind a right-angle turn once in a while. Next time you take the family for a ride, try it.

By Galbraith

H oosier Forum

“| " do not agree with a word that you sey, but |

‘What Others Say

-. 202 < my 3 i ; wh §

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will defend to the death your right to sey i."

"Horse-Trading Co-operation’

By Lewis S. Rosenstiel, Chalrman, Schenley. Industries, Inc.

A "horse-trade” between management and labor on one central point would go a long way ‘toward attaining some of the most important . goals visualized for the nation. In such a trade, management would undertake to raise wages 5 per cent every year for the next five years, and labor, in turn, would increase production by 4 per cent each year and also support the suggestions for much-needed tax relief—thus put.

ting renewed life into business and making pos sible not only higher wages, but greater benefits for everyone. ‘Conversations I have held with leaders of both labor and business suggest that this may be the time to try it, If this kind of “give-to-get” philosophy proves practical between management and labor, a similar approach might be made to gov~ ernment, where already there. is considerable interest, : It might be that following 20 years of a three-cornered fight among labor, management and government, the country could begin a fiveyear era of three-cornered co-operation. Similarly, the old-fashioned horse-trading approach might be applied to our relations with nations overseas. At least, there can be no doubt they neéd help; and, according to my own observations on a recent trip to Europe there

. are steps that the people of these countries can

take to improve their own situation. ¢ ¢ 0

‘Municipal Ownership’

By W. H. Daacke, 2333 Ransdell

“Indianapolis City Limits, Pop. 386,792.” Can it be possible that there are that many people in this city who are permitting the Indiana Public Service Commission and Indianapolis Railways, Inc., to continually increase the fare rates and at the same time adding another technical in‘crease by curtailment of service? One of the most essential prerequisites of a successful business enterprise is good will, but Indianapolis Railways has conceived the idea that it can replace that with arrogance. The federal government will fine a railroad

lar capacity, but these 386,792 people of Indianapolis will permit Indianapolis Railways, Inc, to pack human beings into their equipment like sardines in a box, not to mention the daily vio lation of Indiana state laws -prohibiting over

“loading of equipment to the extent that it ine

‘terferes with the ‘vision ef the operator, thus . making operation of the equipment hazardous, There is a profitable solution to this City vs; Indianapolis Railways, Inc., situation in “muse nicipal ownership.”

I DO not believe nazism as such is being revived. I do not believe that new leaders today would get far if they really attempted to resurrect nazism or reglorify Hitler. All that is too

“closely associated with defeat and disgraceful

acts. —High Commissioner for Germany John J, McCloy, in a radio speech. . “ 9» ‘ IT 18 essential for the great powers to keep in contact, to talk things over, and seriously negotiate with one another. . . . I hope that they will not again break off their efforts to settle their differences.—United Nations Secretary Trygve Lie, outlining his prescription for peace, * oo

WE HAVE repeatedly recognized in this country that the first priority of the joint defense is our ability to deliver the atomic bomb. Gen. Omar N. Bradley, statutory *chalrman of the joint chiefs of staff. Ee : ¢ > MAKING money ought to be able to do something for you other than teach you how to make money.—Arthur Louis Thexton, who renounced his $30,000-a-year job to teach at less than $5000 a year. eo o THE gangster menace (in Los Angeles) is very real. The big-timers would like to break in

because California is becoming a populous, Mayor

wealthy and free-spending center,

-Fleteher- Bowron of Los Angeles. yo ® & 4

AMERICAN women are as perfect as state ues, and joost as cold. . They all look alike. They have no eendividuality, no charm, no ‘brains.—French designer Lilli.

ASIA’S WARFARE . . . By Clyde Farnsworth

Betrayal in China

CANTON, Sept. 14—The Chinese National government has

if it loads cattle in stock cars beyond the regu- _

governorship which Uncle Sam is now installing on Guam provides them with better government, the Guamanians should at least end up thinking that they are better off than they were before

~The two top 1L_S. officials who will be installing the change and running most of the activities on the island from now on are

high-level government public relations experts The new civilian governor of the tiny Pacific island who wil!

take over if confirmed by tne Senate is Carlton Skinner. He is now |

public relations director for the Interior Department. During the war he was a lieutenant in the Coast Guard. . Helping Skinner to step into his new job, and director of all

the naval forces on Guam, i8.Adm. Edward C. Ewen, the man

who ran Navy's public relattons through the thick of the hectic -

fight over the B-36. He was sent out there a few months ago. Neither of the men have any experiencé in running island

governments - LJ .

Human Element.

VETERANS' Administration has discovered that you ean mechanize federal office procedure only .s30 far, and then the human element steps in to bog down the works. On the applica tion blanks for the dividends on GI insurance— which have been pouring in at the rate of 1,000,000 per day since the blanks became available— VA specifically directs that the veteran should not staple or fasten together the two halves of the form The two halves are part of the same card and should just be

| folded before being dropped in the mail.

ciety, this comparatively new field of public service, if if

is made available to ad the popuiation, could eventually reduce the divorce rate, curb juvenile delinquency dnd ¢rime and eliminate friction among citizen groups that retards progress. = . 5 = : a ow oc IMPROVEMENT of mental health means less sel{ichness and greed and fewer prejudices all of which are the "motivating elements in harmful community conflicts and usually the factors behind individual unhappiness. If the Mental Hygiene Society.can provide this community with sound, practical methods for improving niental health, it will have contributed immeasurably to Indianapolis’ progress in better living conditions. a These forums will be conducted weekly at’Shortridge High § chool by panels of expertsin the fields of psychiatry; social welfare and religion, beginning Ocf.-3 and contiguing - to Nov. 7.7. ay :

The hundreds of complicated office machines which the VA had had designed to sort and file these cards were built to take the forms folded, not fastened. But to the dismay of the officials

who thought they had every bug out of the dividend-handling process, a big- fraction of the applications have been coming In securely fastened with many staples or bound together with scotch tape * Before these fastened cards could be put in the processing machines, a large crew of “stapler pullers” and “scotch tape utters’ had to be set up. This neglect of directions will cost ° the \"A plenty

~ ~ ~

Different Meaning

SECRETARY of Defense Louis Johnson has got a new nickname around the Pentagon. It's "Mr. Looe Defense.” It was started last spring by a couple of officers who thought Johnson was being too much of an eager beaver about his job.: The name has since seemed to have lost’ that connotation. Mr. Johnson is

proud of it and roars every tine he hears it used.

New Tricks for Old Dog

FRIENDS of M#&rshall Plan Administrator Paul Hoffman keep nagging him for an explanation as to just why European businessmen and government officials can’t be taught how to streamline their procedures and operations more, effectively, in line with- U. 8 methods. Plan. Mr. Hoffman now pat answer: - , "In 1919, I was a delegate to Herbert Hoover's U, 8. highway conference, One of the things we agreed on at that meeting was that there must be a uniform system of marking roads, if auto travel was to be encouraged. A natiohal system was worked out,

Yet today, 30 years later, there are still six U. 8. states which

replies to them with the following

/ 1 1 ‘

That's part of the goal of the Marshall -

. Galluping Along Again |

~~ cents an hour,

| security coverage. .

or WT Ase OF CNET a

. COPIL 1949 BY NEA SERVICE. ING. T. M. RED. 8. 8 PAT. OFF.

5 Dus

Maybe you could pep up th ness with a tew movies— LI

: why can't vou put in a telavision se haven't adopted the national pattern. When it takes 30 vears to get Amerjcan states into line on a program of this Kind, it is easier to understand why it is so hard to knock Europeans out of their habits.” - a

PUBLIC opipion polls, which went into the doghouse after last November's election upset, are trying. to advertise their way out again. Taking the average error of over -300 pre-election polls conducted in the U, 8. and foreign countries, the pollsters have come up. with the figure that they have been 96 per cent right, anyway. This is the way the Gallup organizafion says the U. 8. public now feels on 10 top issues: Four to one favor North Atlantic Pact. A majority favor Taft-Hartley revision. Only a small minority favors outright repeal, “The weight of public opinion has opposed the Truman National Health Insurance program.” Farmers are “divided” on ‘Brannan farm plan. ¥ Recognifion of and trading with Communist. China overwhelmingly disapproved. Seven to one against tax increases. Seventy-eight per cent favor increase of minimum wage to 65 Federal aid to education favored by 64 per cent Reciprocal trade agreements fayored by eight out of 10 of those who know what they are. _ A ‘majority -favors broader social

developed stern techniques for prevention and suppression of treachery,

__Generals have taken troops with them hy the tens of thoue.

sands to lay down their arms before the Chinese Reds, or to be ‘salted” into the Red army, but there have been almost no cases of mutinous troops taking their officers over. No important ‘dee

fection has ever been generated by the rank and file of Nationalist

troops. On the Hsuchow front last winter when Communist Armies were slicing the Nationalist line a Nationalist division come mander addressed his troops. a . . “Our position is untenable,” he sald. “There is no use of fighting. I have decided to surrender ...”

Established Pattern k

IT SHOULD have worked for it was in the established pate tern. And it probably would have had it not-been for a private

in the bewildered ranks facing the general. Some impulse stirred him to cry out: ,

“let's shoot him!” The soldier clacked the bolt of his rifle. His comrades stared

dumbly .at him. He aimed and fired. The general fell dying be. -

fore his men. That story has been told and re-told by Nationalist soldiers » and officers. No one seems to know what happened to the pri vate —whether he was killed by other officers or his comrades, ox whether he was promoted. * Nationalist general orders make a certain significant excep tion to the military rule that an inferior must always obey his

superior. The exception is when the superior is attempting to turn traitor. Under those circumstances and orders a simple ‘soldier may with impunity kill his commander or any traitor of superior | rank. ttre The rule has been on the books since the battle of Huschow, It'has been invoked more than once.

Little Temptation

UNLESS betrayed by their officers, Nationalist troops have little temptation or opportunity to go over.to the other side. Most | of them cannot read. ~~ ° : In the higher echelons of betrayal there is a varying come plexity of motives, ranging from ties of family and friendships to hard cash—"silver bullets,” the say in China--or the promise of great face and high office on the other: side, Goy. Cheng Chien of Hunan is said to have gone over because he bore a grudge against Chiang Kai-shek. A successor was appointed—Lt. Gen: Chen Ming-jen, whe was to serve as governor and area commander. Chen and Cheng were hometown buddies from Hunan, a fact loosely considered when Chen was named to succeed the defeated governor. - Chen also took a powder—and one army or one division with him. He had had four armies under him but just how large a unit he started to deliver to Red Gen. Lin Piao has never heen Started. It's an academic point anyway. Most of the men came i PY i .

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