Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 25 May 1949 — Page 16

PAGE 16 Wednesday, May 25, 1049 I jet Per ; HRT 4 2 ara

Teophons Riley S81 $400 I4ghs ens the People Wiki Fins Tow Owe Woy

i Feverand Chills

i SJEEONOMY fever is mounting i the Samat. Even Demoa f Sats 419 deervngd. to cut Sowa government spend.

Themis have no monopoly on economy,” says © Sen. Lucas of Illinois, the Democratic leader. “I would hope : that some way can be found so that we can stay within the © budget, There is a great opportunity to work out some- § thing after we'are finished.” E . Finished with what? Why, with passing the big annual appropriation bills, most of which the Senate is mak- ' tng bigger. 3 Latest idea is to wait until all but one of these bills are out of the way, then attach to the last of them a “rider” ; : ordering government departments and agencies to make ; percentage cuts in the whole batch and save a couple of . billion dollars. : One trouble with that is that such & “rider,” being legislation on an appropriation measure, would require a two- - thirds vote for adoption—and there's no assurance that a : two-thirds vote would be forthcoming. ; » . . » ”. J WHY doesn’t the Senate do that cutting now? Because it doesn't have enough information to cut wisely, Why ! does it lack information? Because the legislative budget, . though required by law, has not been adopted. Why no . legislative budget? Because Congress hasn't enough ex- | pert advisers to make one properly. And why the shortage of expert advisers? Because © Congress hasn't employed them, although the same law . which requires a legislative budget authorizes an adequate © staff to prepare it. 3 * Maybe the law will be obeyed—next year. Maybe, then, ; there'll be a legislative budget. Maybe real economy will | result. But this year the prospect seems to be little more * "than conomy fever for the Senators—and chills for the ¥ { .

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The Fall of Shanghai.

E88 than four years ago, Shanghai, greatest city in Asis, was Hibersted frum the Japaness, Now it has fallen to | the Communists. History will record. that this city freed by American § blood was lost by American diplomacy. Today China is Back where it was when Gen. Douglas | MacArthur begad to beat his way back across the Pacific, CRAM WA # misor thiw to Ghinans uty and

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fijuta ae iy twee th he gue we cut off Chiang’s | credit and placed an embargo against arms shipments to | ; Nationalist China. Moat Gamdqing of all, Chiang Tost £406 with his own when it became known .to them that the United From that moment the Comconquest of most of China became just 's matter of

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is a victory for Moscow. But it Washington”--as 8 by-product of

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: Another Soviet Trick THE Russians, back at their old tricks, have opened an"other meeting of the Council of Foreign Ministers by : capturing the first headlines. + With Soviet stock in Europe in at least a tempofary de- ; «cline, Foreign Minister Vishinsky instead of emphasising . /German issues, started the Big Four talks in Paris by de‘manding a peace settlement with Japan. 1 It was a clever maneuver, and though it mayot sue‘ceed it does expose some big holes in our political fences dn Asia. : = 1 The peace gesture, for one thing, will appeal to the Japanese. And the idea of a full-dress discussion of Japa‘nese issues also may be pleasing to some of our friends and former friends in the Pacific who are not happy about our policies, either in Japan or in relation to them. [ a . * » NATIONALIST CHINA feels that we o deserted Chiang Kai-shek in his hour of need. Both China and the Phil. : ippines are miffed because we have cancelled the payment - of further Japanese reparations. The feeling has become general throughout Asia that Uncle Sam is so preoccupied . with Europe that he has turned his back on their part of . the world. The Soviet timing was typically artful. : Of course, we are in possession in Japan, and can write ; our own ticket. But in propaganda we may have taken an- : other beating. And in some respects we have been placed on the defensive in the Pacific, which, from the long-range © view, may be to the good. ‘ It will be, if it brings the State Department to a realisa- ! tion that this is a large world in which some areas have - been sadly neglected by American foreign policy.

‘Atom Bomb Is No Toy

: SEN. VANDENBERG was one of David Lilienthal's supporters in his fight for confirmation as | chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission. The Times fought alongside Mr. Vandenberg in that A controversy. And now we agree with him again, oy falling for a inquiry” to assess responsibility or past practices of the AEC and to determine future polik ‘the senator from Michigan, we have a high opinLilienthal has done, but are uneasy lack of prudence and judgment

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LABOR ...By Fred W.Porking

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| Big Wage Gains |

Won for Miners Now. Besi-Paid Large Industrial Group in World

WABHINGTON, May 25—Opening of wage talks between the United Mine Workers and the southern group of soft-coal operators today calls attention to the gains John L. Lewis has engineered in less than a decade for his nearly half ‘a million union followers. It boils down to the fact that this country’s coal miners are the best-paid large industrial group in the world. In 1940 the miner's contract called for seven hours of work, five days s week. For this he received basic pay of $68 & day in the Northern and ‘Western districts, and $5.00 a day in the South, including central West Virginia.

Average Wage Exceeds $70

THE present contract calls for an eight-hour day, but only 6% houts are actual production time, and for it the basic miner's pay is $14.05, North and South. ‘The contract provides also

for a six-day week, but the miner is paid scale-and-one-half for hours over eight a day and 40 a week, and for the sixth consecutive day. Average weekly wages exceed $70, and some miners

make more than $5000 a year, In 1940 the of had ho paid vacation, but he got $20 on account the next year, and

now it is $100 for 10 days during which all mines are closed in late June and early July. In addition, miners are benefiting from a welfare and retirement fund collected by a ton- ' nage tax on coal production. This was started

the oper: raise this to 10 cents a ton, and in 1948 he dou~ bled it again—to 20 cents,

All Being Spent

THAT is bringing in about $100 million a year and apparently all of it is being spent. Mr. Lewis’ record of achievement included the war years, when he did not hesitate te tie up the industry to force concessions from either the government or the operators. It included also several periods of government control of the coal mines, and two brushes with federal Hjunctive powers which resulted in heavy fines for both the union and its leader. :

attempts to control hi im through the SmithConnally Act and the Taft-Hartley Law. :

In Tune With the Times

Barton Rees Pogue

SUMMER IS BORN

_ Eyes lifted and my soul left the forest solitude, "Fingering with hasy sight through trembling ves, To dwell peacefully among drifting mountains of

Clouds lonely and majestic against the thrilling Wheres 14 the chill memory of winter's despotism, Wasre is te wind-spirit of spring's birth and wers Hare! has Vailahed in snows melted and

pouring Down a million hill-slopes to & casual sea; Spring 1s a memory of half-dream and lost realit That colors each life-page with soft notes and Andtrom al hase is born with her summer rng of God grand and lov wW ppeak uer . Ae ERs

“And am alone ip - forest, lifting eyes ad soul in silent prayer, Seeking solace through the medium of & summer

sky, PAUL x MoAPER, ‘Michigantown.

ENOUGH OF LIGHT

Nights when the light without a warning fails, And ddFknéss shrouds the once-familiar room— I stand quite still a moment, till my eyes t themselves to unaccustomed gloom,

Then I no longer fear to walk about— . « In dread of obstacles I cannot see; Enough of light is left to guide my steps, Enough for me to move with certainty.

Life, too, is bright at times, the way is clear, Then brilliance fades, and heavy shadows fall-— But hearts that learn to wait are sure to find There's light enough to live by, after all.

-~~MABEL NEWMAN,

SP ERE SA 2

Mr. Lewis’ tactics also resulted in legisiative

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Monarchs of Al I The ose =v

BIG FOUR PARLEY .

! PARIS, May 25—Russia’s opening moves at « the Foreign Ministers’ Conference here were more spectacular but less effective than those of the Western Allies. Andrei Vishinsky’s razzle-dazsle play to tie in the Far Eastern issue with the European questions will be no more successful than a similar Molotov effort at the start of the 1947 conference in Moscow. The Allies quickly got their own agendas adopted and established that an Austrian treaty would be taken up, independent of any prior nt regarding Germany—which is the Ape conference husiréss, U. 8, Becretary of State Dean Acheson, Britain’s Ernest Bevin and France's Robert Schuman are making triple plays smoothly, though Mr. Acheson and Mr. Schuman are new to the game. Their teamwork is a result of their initial practice in Washington some weeks ago, followed by a preconference workout of their aids here and a. session of the three chief delegates this last week-end.

‘Surprise’ Proposal Blocked

R. SCHUMAN led the play. The U. Secretary through an order for the deputies conferring on

shinsky’'s “surprise” proposal to fix the date for a future conference meeting on a Japanese peace treaty. Of course it wasn't a surprise— Mr. Acheson was prepared for it. Vishinsky's purposes in the Jap move are: ONE: To end American control of Japan at the soonest. TWO: To put Japanese treaty making in the hands of four or'five powers under Soviet veto instead of 11 Pacific powers not restricted by a Soviet veto, THREE: To get. automatic Allied recognition of the Red Chinese regime which is expected to be in power when the proposed treaty conference would meet. FOUR: To use Soviet Far Eastern victories an a counter-balance to recent Soviet European defeats in bargaining here on terms of German and Austrian settiements. Mr. Acheson's quick blocking action pre-

NEWS NOTEBOOK . . . By Peter Edson

Behind the Scenes

WASHINGTON, May 25-—Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr. of New

vented the Jrpanese treaty from going on the

SIDE GLANCES |

presided and Mr. Acheson’

the Augtrian treaty to report by June 1, ‘Mr. Acheson then quickly turned and blocked Vi-

. By Ludwell Denny

Russia Blocked in Trick Play

tormal agenda. Though Vishinsky will slip in several propaganda speeches on the Far Kast

during this conference, he will be unable to use

it to stall or blackmail the European negotiations.

Authority for Jap Treaty : AMERICA, Britain and France disagree with the Soviet claim. that the! Potsdam Pact gave the Big Four or Big Five (including China) authority to write the Jap treaty. The Potsdam language expressly refers to European settlements. Russia originally wanted only herself, America, and Britain to write the Jap treaty with the Russian veto. Later, the United States forced the acceptance of China for big power status in the United Nations. China and France sat in the. initial conference session until Russia had them excluded from the Balkan discussions. The issue now is whether Australia and other Pacific nations which fought Japan shalt have a voice in the treaty, as the democratic Allies insist, or whether Russia—which barely got ints hg the war after the Japanese were is going to exclude our smaller Pacific eo Boing Te Ya A Sadie which she can dominaté through a double veto by herself and her China puppet. The weakness of the ‘democracies in this connection is not that Vishinsky will be able to trap them on the Japan issue at this conference but rather that they have no positive concerted Far Eastern policy.

Bargain on Germany THE immediate effect on Vishinsky's move here is to intensify the question of whether Stalin’s major interest has shifted from Europe to the Far East and whether therefore, he's willing to give the Allies a good . on Germany in order to settle Europe and free the Red forces for a concentration in the Pacific. This may prove to be the case. It's not probable, however. . Obviously Stalin is using his Far Eastern opportunities and there is no reason to suppose he will relax the effort to widen his control there, .But that does not exclude the desire for the control of the West on which any Russian world military power must be based.

By Galbraith

_ believe in them

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The air lift and the Atlantic Pact have made Russia see that she is losing the cold war. She went against her solemn agréement when she blocked Berlin. She also guaranteed freedom to individuals in her occupied countries. Bhe cannot carry out this agreement snd still advance communism. None of her nts 3 to freston will be Worth the Jame tten on unless she can stand the light of day and SE a acy Jrostans § ea] democracy wit] 1 believe that Russia will force the West ta Pt 6 Diockads down bY Jess wittaonatis 1 regula trafiic as time goes on. Thea we would be the blockaders and not Russia. Russia has no bargaining points when the Big Four meet. If she wishes a withdrawal of armed forces {rom all Germany we can again ask for free elections for her occupied countries and let the people formulate political parties sccording to the way they think, and not just have ons

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dom of individuals, I believe she could agree to a plan like this: Clear out all:

troops. Lift all iron éurtains and then lst these

countries have their own native governments, and let a council of United Nations representatives be over these governments, only to inter.

fere wher the governments interf violate the individual et ited Nations répre-

of their citizens. These sentatives’ movements must’ be. regulated a majority rule.’ It Rutais would agree 1p this. we would know she is being sincere and wants

L 3 * * Lae - ‘Fields for Experts’ Ro By Mrs. E. B. Bender, Zionsville, Ind. >

T should like to question a statement in a recent book review by Henry Butler.. He says

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‘that this is. a time when ‘any man’s opinion is

supposed to be worth as much as every other's, or something to that effect. Of courde, one of the difficulties of a democracy is the temptation to conclude that, because every man's vote counts as much as another's, ‘every man's opinion is worth the same. But I don’t believe this country has yielded to that temptation yet. I believe we still believe in the existence of specialists in various fields of knowledge, still concede that students of =a subject know more, other things being equal, than people who have had no experience and given no thought to that subject, and that certain persons and certain’ organisations should be given respectful attention on subjects that are admittedly in their “field.” We may net always choose our “experts” wisely, but that is another ary, The fact remains that we do sien and try more or jess to follow

If we didn't, I think we should be in even worse shape than we are. ke

What Others’ Say—

IF Congress and the President are now une able to put through an honest, widespread and effective reorganization, they and the taxpayer might as well surrender unconditionally. If the

. bureaucrats win again we might as well conGeneral

cede that we are through.—Comptreller Lindsay Warren, that waste and ine competence are Taipan t in Washingtén. |

FAIR play Ah hy vicious ‘name calling by fans in the direction of players be not indulged in. Ball players have a right to-pro-OE rom. unwarranted abuse. -— 0 A. B. Chandler life of Leo owns og ’ ns Supoision ® 4 0

THE Malmedy massacre trials were wise than anything we accused the Russians of dom, ~—Sen. Joseph MoCarthy (R.) of Wisconsin.

LIBERTY . . . By Bruce Biossat

Free Speech Ruling

foutyy poopius sud those who have |

York, who won the late Sol Bloom's seat in Congress, will inherit a ready-made mail problem on arrival in Washington, As chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, and as a result of extensive world travel and attendance at many international conferences, Mr. Bloom had innumerable friends. His mail from overseas was just as heavy as from his own district in New York. But the news of his death’was not widely carried abroad. . And letters from his foreign friends have continued to pour into Washington at the rate of several hundred a week. Answering these letters has kept his Washington staff busy. The job now passes on to his successor. ® ¢ o

Decision in Few Weeks

TWO or three weeks of negotiations at the Paris Big Four Foreign Ministers’ Conference should disclose whether it will produce anything constructive. If nothing positive develops by June § or 10, the Westerns Powers will face a decision on whether to let the Russians keep on with propaganda speeches, or whether to fold up the welcome rug and go home. The aim now is to try to reach definite agreements at Paris, and not leave a lot of unfinished business for the deputies and technical assist ants to bicker over endlessly. That has been a major fault of past CFM meetings . +a

Calder Mas Previous Engagement

CURTIS CALDER may not be ready to consider appointment as Secretary of the Army for another six months. He told President Truman that he had several big jobs to complete for ‘Electric Bond and Share, of which he is the $75,000 a year board chairman, before he could go to work for the government at $15,000. The problem now is whether to hold the job open for Mr, Calder, who was Defense Secretary Louis Johnson's first choles, or find somebody os ‘a

Won't Make Hatters Mad

SOME Afr Force officers at the Pentagon are complaining about a recent order from Gen. Hoyt 8. Vandenberg chief of staff, It was an order to get rid of their “50-mission” caps and to start looking a little neater in public. A BO-mission cap is one that has been crushed by wearing earphones while flying. The gripe is that the new caps that go with the new “wild blue yonder” Air Force ES cost $15.

What's in a Name?

_. BEFORE Mme. V. L. Pandit arrived In Washington from India to bécome the first woman ambassador to the United States, there was great to-do among protocol experts over how she. should be addressed. For a man, the title is “Mister Am-

" and

SOP. 100 BY NBA SARNGS. Wh. T. 0 hes. 4. 6. Pat. oe. "Before | tell you my symptoms, | want you to toll me—are you one of those doctors who doesn't know

anything but diet?"

“Mrs. Ambassadress” as well as just plain “Mrs. Pandit.” She didn’t mind. But she said that she’s willing to rest on the State Department decision that she should be called “Madam Ambassador.” > vie :

The Life of Reilly

GERARD D. REILLY, former National Labor Relations Board counsel who ‘was one of vise

WASHINGTON, May 25—The Supreme. Court has handed down a decision on free speech that goes to the roots of a dilemma in our democracy. Here's the pussie: Do our freedoms Include the freedom to urge the destruction of the very liberties we prize? Should free speech be permitted to a Communist or Fascist who advocates a system that would destroy free speech? Should a place on the ballot go to the man who, if elected, would abolish the ballot? The men who made our Constitution were anxious to erect every possible safeguard for individual liberties. But it is hard to imagine they could have foreseen the use of those liberties for the virtual suicide of a democratic regime. odo employ freedom

The Postwar spread of Russian-controlled communion has sharpened this issue for us. Voices in demanded that We outlaw the Communist Party, or at least put heavy shackles on it. And now the Supreme Court has spoken its views.

Speech Rights Challenged

THE case involved a atholie priest After conviction om a bg