Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 22 May 1949 — Page 36
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Tips On How ‘The Darned
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Remember What You Learned About Radio, | DEFLECTING ‘Telephone and You'll Understand TV By DAVID DIETZ, Scripps-Howard Editor IF YOU ARE one of those fortunate Hoosiers who have recently acquired television sets, you are amazed at’ the miracle that brings football games, public events, and ‘8 variety of spectacular scenes into your living room. ‘Moreover, you want to know how it works. | There was a time, when you were just as amazed by | the miracle of radio and equally eager to master the theory of radio. - And—if you're old enough—you remember how you ex- X FL
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ELECTRON GUN
THE IMAGE TUBE
ELECTRON BEAM
perienced that same amazement and curiosity the first time you
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Jae oe telephone, what it 8 “pickup head.” But we'll eall earn {it a camera. ! and the radio, you will have no| The device looks like a big box difficulty in understanding tale. Camera, Actually, it's about the isize of a small trunk. It has aj. "4 Vision. Speaking in very gen-|, "ut ike any camera and oft pip eral terms, television substitutes ! y ipoint of light goes “out” for the| a camera for the telephone trans- the lens in this case is an ex-...., right to left movement, mitter or radio microphone ana |CePtionally fine One. There are “grays” las well asthe an image tube for the telephone are 4 “blacks” and “whites.” | ver or louds er, | THIS LENS forms an {mage The television picture recel or loudspeak
UORESCENT SURFACE
{plete television picture or “frame.”| The front of the picture tube is {The lines are formed only by the coated on the inside with a fluright movements—the orescent material. | When the narrow beam of invisible electrons from the gun strikes fluorscent
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material — lo!
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fan’t! «= w {just as does the lens in any cam- merely black-and-white like &'.. SUPPOSE WE summarize radio era, but instead of falling on a newspaper cartoon—it has all the in two sentences: The micro-|photographic film, this image is fine shadings you see in a photo- ° phone turns sound waves into a brought to focus on thé surface/graph or maving picture. This is? fluctuating electric current which of a special electronic tube called because the lines of light vary ° in turn modulates or controls a the “orthicon.” The orthicon 18/in intensity or brightness. | # radio wave leaving the antennaithe heart of the television cam-| It is magic all -right—magic of the broadcasting station. Your era, {that required the efforts of many radio receiver turns this wave The surface on which the image scientists over a period of many . back into fluctuations of a our-ifalls is covered With a chemi-|years, But the principles of the There's a pin-point glow!
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The rent which operates the loud- cal compound which is photosen- picture tube aren't too difficult electrons are stopped by the coat-
speaker, {sitive, That is, when light fallsito understand. In fact it's fun/!n8 and are changed -by it into The foregoing pattern is thejon it, electrons are knocked out/to know what happens! |a different form of energy-—a tiny pattern of television except thatiof it. This is the so-called photo-| As you can see, the picture !8ht at the particular spot where we must now deal with lightielectric effect. Your eye operates tube looks like a big electric heat/the electrons have hit, waves instead of sound waves.lon the same principle. (Nature|lamp or electric light bulb flat. The electron beam moves from Instead of a microphone we will was way ahead of the television tened at the end. It has a narrow left to right. have to employ a television cam- engineers.) glass and metal base, a glass| The invisible beam of electrons ere. If we drop in at television) But let's get back to the orthi- neck, and a bulbous glass front. doesn’t stand still. Like the station WFBM, the chief engi-con, The accompanying' {llustra- LA neer will let us look at one. He tion, labeled, “The Camera,” willl AN ELECTRON gun shoots out the electron gun shoots a series uses television jargon and calls'help you to understand it. beam of siselrons lof closely spaced electron “bul. e¢ base of the picture tube lets,” which form what appears to! Fees rnrssessssvesase ® [contains an electron gun, which be a continuous line on the screen. | shoots forward an invisible beam| The electron beam moves down of electrons—tiny charges of elec-|line by line. | tricity—from a small heated met-| As soon as a line is completed, al plate known as a cathode. This the beam is shut off and quickly narrow beam of electrons is called returned to the left of the picture, A cathrode ray, which fs why turned on again, and moved the image tube is sometimes downward a small fraction of an called a “cathode ray tube.” (The/inch. Then it starts across again. tube is sometimes also called a This is repeated until the moving “kinescope.”) beam has covered the entire face The electron beam lights up a|of the picture tube with lines of
) spot on the fluorescent screen, light. The face of the tube i ELECTOONG ELECTRON ELECTYOON = : > = t PLOTOSENGITIVE REAM
: uw |TV Camera Goes i In Future TV Sets IT'S BEEN whispered so many
. Behind the photosensitive sur-iabove the other, in every tele Sees Gal in Red times—and even printed several] 1° the television receiving set
face of the tube is a partition vision picture. known as the target. The elec-| They are lines of light. A. . » strike the target and build an] MAVE YOU ever watched a|times—that some have taken it/® “new toy” which will be imelectric pattern on It which is the brakeman swing a lantern? as gospel that when a television proved again and sgain so ownCounterpart of the visual image. When a raliroad man swings a camera looks at a girl in & redjers will have to keep buying new In other words, for every spot of lantern—or if someone moves a dress it uses X-ray eyes! sets?
It just isn’t so. That's on the authority of a re-| Prosepctive buyers, wary of obporter who took a peek through solescence, are asking this quesa television camera. tion. And TV manufacturers are NT. giving them quick, and logical THE FACT is, a brilliant red 205Wers. such as cerise, appears almost] One of the largest manufactur-
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light in the original image, there flashlight back and forth through| is now an electron on the target.ithe air at night—you see what appears to be a line of light.
» AT THE other end of the orthiton is a device called an “electron gun.” This contains a heated fila-
‘ou Own A Television Set Here Are [Shricker See Te
1 | twice in this time because the!picture.
- large colls or plates is automat-ion the screen:
_~ \|ment of the electron beam 80 that has scanned a frame (a single "v7 {the beam is bent sideways and complete picture), it starts all over,
” {traversing fire of a machine gun, .
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"|Sehricker Sees Television | State | Industry. Will Draw Neighbors Closer, ; Integrate Functions of Government |
Thing’ Works| nec ue imme:
“scanned” 4 t and bright white. With screen at a! Televifion should make this a more united state, creating ap I ng ue moment. If there are many closer and more understanding neighbors. It will mye the oF this page! electrons in the fewer electrons, it People to the agricultural areas and bring the farm wn ss = is grayish. With very few or no! without leaving their living rooms. tate THE SCREEN eovered in electrons, the effect is black. The The phenomenal growth of the industry in this s ) may well 1/30th of a second. {infinite variety of shading from serve 10 ashe Indiana am even. mote important hub of the middle In just 1/30th of a second, the White to black is controlied and| west. J {government is spread out. With Te Ro electron beam Varied by the “signals” received! cities and bring other cities to us, [8 evision we could see and talk {by your receiver from the tele- and it will help us to know our| employees in the f covers the entire front of the tube ort of travel to ploy : an or screen with all 525 lines ot|Vision station, : state without the effort of travel... .ry of the state. FE a To me it is one of the most im-| 1 am glad television is being THE LINES blend to form a portants steps achieved for theijntroduced at the 500 mile race, commonwealth ol? Jodiana i in! There could be no more auspici« beam first takes care of half of many Years an am lookingigyus launching of this great new the 525 lines (the odd-numbered'yers small (os are tha dre io | fOTWard to the day when televi-|instrument of entertainment, edones) then return to do the other newspaper half-tone picture), your *100 sets will be as Sommen 1a jucation and advertising. - half (the evenly-numbered lines). eve sees groups of them together POMes as kitchen water faucets. we in the State House give Known as “interlaced scanning,” as a unit—as part of a complete] _ ‘In te Our Functions television our blessing with the this cuts flickering of the picture scene, The dark spots and lines] In the administration of the hope that it soon will become the to an absolute minimum. iblend to form the dark areas, State I can see where it would most common bond of our good How the beam is focused and such as shadows, or dark clothes, integrate our functions. State.neighbors. . directed: | lin. the picture. The light spots At the neck of the tube are and lines blend to form the light pairs of electromagnetic coils or areas, such as snow, white shirts, electrostatic plates. Without go- fair complexions. i ing into detail, the electricity in| Why you see motion and action
ght. Actually, the screen is covered
ically --varied with each move-! As soon as the electron beam’
vertically exactly the right dis- again! It creates a second picture tance at exactly the right time to in exactly the same way — then| form the line described. {another picture and another in: How the lines of light are made continuous succession. The chang-| to vary In brightness: !ing of frames is so rapid that the
The brightness of each line at pictures merge into each other, As: With the Giant Circle Screen any given point ‘depends on the with a motion picture, the won-|
number of electrons striking this derful illusion of continuous particular point on the beam, that| movement and action takes place See Your ZENITH DEALER point in the line is an extremelyiin the eye of the viewer! dr ama———————
TELEVISION
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TELEVISION
ERE is television at its best—by the makers
white, Maroon is nearly black. |érs announced & few months ago All television is in shades of that a few minor improvements gray—light to almost black./may be made but that television Whether red shows as light or|itself, now 20 years old, has had dark gray depends upon the/all of the experience of radio
Sweeps acrdes the target a segment or “line” at a time just as
; of the world-famous Magnavox RadioPhonograph. Come in. See Magnavox. Hear it. Compare it with all others and you'll agree
. SUNDAY, MAY. 22, 1949 |
when you are reading ® newspaper, your vision sweeps &cross and down column
M Let's get someone to swing a The result that fro ashlight. orthicon is We Now let's suppose he moves the tric current which varies in in.|f8shlight back and forth very in conformity with the Tapidly, left to right—in a series ; target. This cur.{Of lines parallel to the ground. rent is called the “video current”) YOUr aye would see a rectangular and is comparable to the fluctu-/Pattern of lines of light—someating current which flows from thing like the gridiron on a footthe microphone in a radio station, [ball fleld. 2 a Imagine that he is a very clever THIS - FLUCTUATING “video/fellow. As soon as the flash. current” is then sent throughilight gets as far down as he can amplifying tubes and used to/reach, he switches it off, reaches modulate the carrier wave that up, turns it on, and starts moving leaves the antenna of the tele-iit across and down again from vision station. This, again, is com. ithe top. He keeps repeating this, parable to what happens in ordi-|so0 you always see the same ‘‘gridnary broadcasting. iron” of light, Now, in addition, thers must! A pattern is formed. Now this be some way of keeping receiving fellow is really talented. As he sets in step-—synchronised is the swings the light in parallel lines, | technical tele- he opens and closes the flashlight these same switch at a very rapid pace. ® superimpose these! lines are interrupted or broken. “pulses” as they are technically] Being artistic, our friend called on top of the carrier wave arranges the light and dark parts leaving the station. of the lines so that pleasing
. ot IN OTHER words, the wave and Sealintic pattern or picture
Bot only carries the electrical equivalent of the picture but also two series of pulses—one at the rate of 15.750 a second, and the other at the rate of 60 per second. IN We are ready now to have a look at the receiving set in your home. Let's look closely at the television picture: know--the picture i# an optical fllusion! When you're close to it you can mee that it's made of & great many parallel lines. The! THE TELEVISION pattern is lines are horizontal, and as thin similar but finer.
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Well, what do you SI — Rw |
light-reflecting quality of the color band of the particular tint used.
GE Plans to Expand
Syracuse Plant General Electric Co. has announced a $1 million expansion program to manufacture television tubes in its Syracuse, N. Y,, plant. A 74,000 square-foot addition will be built at Electronics Park. GE will make tubes in Syracuse in August to supplement produec-| tion in the Buffalo plant.
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84 the grain in wood or threads] In television, the picture ls in cloth, {very similar in principle to But when you move back to the flashlight “picture” de our chair, a few feet away, the above. A tiny and very rapidly Nes are no longer apparent moving point of light traces 525 they “disappear,” blending into a parallel lines-—all in the amazcomplete picture, ing time of 1/30th of a second There are 528 of these lines, one that it takes to make one com-
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